Academic literature on the topic 'Marking timing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Marking timing"
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Gurumurthy, Sathyavel, Surya Kamal Thakur, and Sachin Mohan. "Automation in Spillcut Marking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.880.
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The project involves elimination of rejection of H-engines during testing by improved methods of automation in spill cut using pneumatics which control the injection timing and is subsequently used at a later state in the engine assembly to set the valve timing. Improper injection timing leads to excess smoke. The new method which we have opted reduces man power, time consumption and the fuel wastage an optimum level which increases the productivity of the engine.
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Li, Hui Fang, and Fu Jian Feng. "Schedulability Analysis Algorithm of Timing Constraint Petri Nets." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 1810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.1810.
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A novel approach to the schedulability analysis is presented in this paper for timing constraint Petri nets, which have wide applications in the workflow management, software engineering, reliability engineering, and so on. The analysis can be conducted in two phases: finding firing sequences and timing constraint analysis, among which the first one is to find the transition sequences that transform the initial marking to a certain marking by using incidence matrix in the underlying Petri net, and the second one is to verify whether the reachable marking found in the first step is reachable with the timing constraints. The proposed method is able to pinpoint out non-schedulable transitions and adjust the timing constraints to make all the transitions schedulable within complex task sequences, while meeting the needs of the managers to schedule the tasks.
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Ghainani, Alireza Tavakholi, Abdullah Asuhaimi Mohd Zin, and Nur ‘Ain Maiza Ismail. "Fuzzy Timing Petri Net for Fault Diagnosis in Power System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/717195.
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A model-based system for fault diagnosis in power system is presented in this paper. It is based on fuzzy timing Petri net (FTPN). The ordinary Petri net (PN) tool is used to model the protective components, relays, and circuit breakers. In addition, fuzzy timing is associated with places (token)/transition to handle the uncertain information of relays and circuits breakers. The received delay time information of relays and breakers is mapped to fuzzy timestamps,π(τ), as initial marking of the backward FTPN. The diagnosis process starts by marking the backward sub-FTPNs. The final marking is found by going through the firing sequence,σ, of each sub-FTPN and updating fuzzy timestamp in each state ofσ. The final marking indicates the estimated fault section. This information is then in turn used in forward FTPN to evaluate the fault hypothesis. The FTPN will increase the speed of the inference engine because of the ability of Petri net to describe parallel processing, and the use of time-tag data will cause the inference procedure to be more accurate.
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WALBAUM, SHARLENE D. "Marking Time: The Effect of Timing on Appointment Keeping." Applied Cognitive Psychology 11, no. 4 (August 1997): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0720(199708)11:4<361::aid-acp478>3.0.co;2-k.
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Gósy, Mária, and Jacques Terken. "Question marking in Hungarian: timing and height of pitch peaks." Journal of Phonetics 22, no. 3 (July 1994): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4470(19)30204-9.
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Fitzgerald, Colleen E., Matthew Rispoli, and Pamela A. Hadley. "Case marking uniformity in developmental pronoun errors." First Language 37, no. 4 (March 21, 2017): 391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723717698007.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if children acquire grammatical case as a unified system or in a piecemeal fashion. In English language acquisition, many children make developmental errors in marking case on subject position pronouns (e.g., Me do it, Him like it). It is unknown whether children who produce pronoun case errors with first person pronouns also produce errors with third person pronouns. This finding would be expected if case were acquired uniformly across person through building a paradigm for an abstract case feature. Spontaneous pronoun case errors were collected from language samples of 43 typically developing toddlers at 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 36 months of age. A chi-square test was used to determine whether children were more likely to make both first and third person errors, indicating an association. The uniformity of the case marking system was further investigated by asking whether pronoun case errors in first and third person occurred at the same time using a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Most children treated case uniformly across person, producing both first and third person pronoun case errors or producing no case errors at all, resulting in a significant association. Additionally, errors were not significantly different in timing. The results of this investigation are compatible with the notion that children systematically extend case marking in a unified paradigm. Pronoun case is not acquired separately for each grammatical person in a piecemeal fashion.
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Williams, Nikolas S., Genevieve M. McArthur, and Nicholas A. Badcock. "It’s all about time: precision and accuracy of Emotiv event-marking for ERP research." PeerJ 9 (February 9, 2021): e10700. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10700.
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Background The use of consumer-grade electroencephalography (EEG) systems for research purposes has become more prevalent. In event-related potential (ERP) research, it is critical that these systems have precise and accurate timing. The aim of the current study was to investigate the timing reliability of event-marking solutions used with Emotiv commercial EEG systems. Method We conducted three experiments. In Experiment 1 we established a jitter threshold (i.e. the point at which jitter made an event-marking method unreliable). To do this, we introduced statistical noise to the temporal position of event-marks of a pre-existing ERP dataset (recorded with a research-grade system, Neuroscan SynAmps2 at 1,000 Hz using parallel-port event-marking) and calculated the level at which the waveform peaks differed statistically from the original waveform. In Experiment 2 we established a method to identify ‘true’ events (i.e. when an event should appear in the EEG data). We did this by inserting 1,000 events into Neuroscan data using a custom-built event-marking system, the ‘Airmarker’, which marks events by triggering voltage spikes in two EEG channels. We used the lag between Airmarker events and events generated by Neuroscan as a reference for comparisons in Experiment 3. In Experiment 3 we measured the precision and accuracy of three types of Emotiv event-marking by generating 1,000 events, 1 s apart. We measured precision as the variability (standard deviation in ms) of Emotiv events and accuracy as the mean difference between Emotiv events and true events. The three triggering methods we tested were: (1) Parallel-port-generated TTL triggers; (2) Arduino-generated TTL triggers; and (3) Serial-port triggers. In Methods 1 and 2 we used an auxiliary device, Emotiv Extender, to incorporate triggers into the EEG data. We tested these event-marking methods across three configurations of Emotiv EEG systems: (1) Emotiv EPOC+ sampling at 128 Hz; (2) Emotiv EPOC+ sampling at 256 Hz; and (3) Emotiv EPOC Flex sampling at 128 Hz. Results In Experiment 1 we found that the smaller P1 and N1 peaks were attenuated at lower levels of jitter relative to the larger P2 peak (21 ms, 16 ms, and 45 ms for P1, N1, and P2, respectively). In Experiment 2, we found an average lag of 30.96 ms for Airmarker events relative to Neuroscan events. In Experiment 3, we found some lag in all configurations. However, all configurations exhibited precision of less than a single sample, with serial-port-marking the most precise when paired with EPOC+ sampling at 256 Hz. Conclusion All Emotiv event-marking methods and configurations that we tested were precise enough for ERP research as the precision of each method would provide ERP waveforms statistically equivalent to a research-standard system. Though all systems exhibited some level of inaccuracy, researchers could easily account for these during data processing.
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Fasoli, Marianna, Chandra L. Richter, Sara Zenoni, Edoardo Bertini, Nicola Vitulo, Silvia Dal Santo, Nick Dokoozlian, Mario Pezzotti, and Giovanni Battista Tornielli. "Timing and Order of the Molecular Events Marking the Onset of Berry Ripening in Grapevine." Plant Physiology 178, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 1187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.00559.
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Williams, Kathleen, Lavon Williams, and H. Scott Strohmeyer. "Stair Climbing in Young Boys: A Longitudinal Study." Pediatric Exercise Science 6, no. 3 (August 1994): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.6.3.246.
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This longitudinal investigation examined the shift from use of a marking time to an alternating stepping pattern by young children. A set of twin males was videotaped between ages 37 and 46 months climbing stairs of 3.8-17.8 cm height. One boy began to alternate consistently on the highest steps at 41 months, the other at 46 months. Anthropometries (leg lengths) and a measure of foot overshoot (maximum height of the foot over the stair) were used to investigate the timing of the shift for the 2 boys. Magnitude of overshoot decreased with age and with increased use of the more advanced pattern. Immature balance and an initial need to visually guide the foot to the next step may be important factors in the timing of the pattern shift.
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Reichel, Marlene, Tino Köster, and Dorothee Staiger. "Marking RNA: m6A writers, readers, and functions in Arabidopsis." Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 11, no. 10 (July 23, 2019): 899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjz085.
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Abstract N6-methyladenosine (m6A) emerges as an important modification in eukaryotic mRNAs. m6A has first been reported in 1974, and its functional significance in mammalian gene regulation and importance for proper development have been well established. An arsenal of writer, eraser, and reader proteins accomplish deposition, removal, and interpretation of the m6A mark, resulting in dynamic function. This led to the concept of an epitranscriptome, the compendium of RNA species with chemical modification of the nucleobases in the cell, in analogy to the epigenome. While m6A has long been known to also exist in plant mRNAs, proteins involved in m6A metabolism have only recently been detected by mutant analysis, homology search, and mRNA interactome capture in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Dysregulation of the m6A modification causes severe developmental abnormalities of leaves and roots and altered timing of reproductive development. Furthermore, m6A modification affects viral infection. Here, we discuss recent progress in identifying m6A sites transcriptome-wide, in identifying the molecular players involved in writing, removing, and reading the mark, and in assigning functions to this RNA modification in A. thaliana. We highlight similarities and differences to m6A modification in mammals and provide an outlook on important questions that remain to be addressed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marking timing"
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Rudstrom, Margaretha Veronica 1962. "Optimal timing and quantity of sale of Arizona apples." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291405.
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Arizona apple producers compete with Washington for fresh apple markets. As Arizona's apple production increases, its market share should also increase. Using quadratic programming to determine the spatial equilibrium between the wholesale markets of Los Angeles and Denver, the timing and quantity of apple sales from Arizona to these two wholesale markets are determined for current and potential fresh apple production in Arizona. The quadratic programming model is used to determine the feasibility of controlled atmosphere storage for Arizona. The quantity of apples sold monthly to Los Angeles and Denver wholesale markets are determined given restrictions on the percentage of the wholesale markets that Arizona apple producers could supply. Revenue from controlled atmosphere storage exceeds the variable costs associated with storage, marketing, and storage of apples.
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Ntozi-Obwale, Patricia. "An examination of the conditional selectivity and marketing timing performance of U.K. unit trusts." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438170.
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Lundgren, Beatrice. "Online game design theories for interactive marketing : Gamification is not enough." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65927.
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This research looks at how interactive marketing can become more motivating for customers by designing it as a full game, not only by adding some game elements like in gamification. The result of the research gives marketers an alternative and complementary way of incorporating game design in marketing.The theory builds on fundamental online game elements and player types, assembled into a model for analysis also useful as a planning tool. The research conducted a qualitative case study of the Volvo XC90 First Edition campaign which gave insight on how game theories can be applied for more engaging interactions. Through dialogue with team members and an overview of design artefacts it showed that when all elements reinforce each other for a certain mix of player types, not only one type, it creates dynamics that strongly motivates the audience to interact. The data also revealed that when any of the fundamental elements are missing the result will not be as engaging, which confirms what have already been found in earlier research.Denna studie undersöker hur interaktiv marknadsföring kan bli mer motiverande för kunderna genom att designa det som ett komplett spel, inte bara med några spelelement som i spelifiering. Resultatet ger marknadsförare ett alternativ och komplement till hur man kan använda teorier från speldesign för bättre interaktion. Teorin baseras på grundläggande spelelement och spelartyper som har satts samman i en analytisk modell, också användbar som ett planeringsverktyg. Studien genomfördes i en kvalitativ fallstudie av Volvo XC90 First Edition-kampanjen och gav insikt om hur spelteorier kan tillämpas. Genom dialog med medarbetare i kampanjens projektgrupp och en överblick över designartefakter visade det sig att när alla element förstärker varandra för en specifik mix av spelartyper, inte bara en typ av spelare, skapar det en dynamik som starkt motiverar målgruppen att interagera. Studien visade också att när några av de grundläggande elementen saknas blir inte interaktionen lika engagerande vilket bekräftar vad tidigare forskning hittat.
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Costa, Vilma Sousa Ismael da. "A influência do marketing timing e do estágio do ciclo de vida na realização de ofertas públicas de ações." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/3842.
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This study aimed to analyze whether the market timing and stage of life cycle influence the decision to perform a Public Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEO) in Brazilian companies traded. The analysis focused on whether the probability of a company conduct a SEO is positively related to the index MB (market-to-book), size and stock returns and profitability prior to completion of SEO, and negatively related to the stage lifecycle, profitability and stock return after completion of SEO. Initially we sought to examine the influence of the index market-tobook and returns and future steps in conducting a SEO. dditionally, we sought to examine the influence of firm age and number of years listed in BMFBOVESPA in making an SEO. And, in parallel, we attempted to verify the relationship between SEO and realization of the variables size and profitability. The population consisted of all n-financial companies, publicly traded, with shares traded on the Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo - BM & FBOVESPA, in the period from 2002 to 2010. The model follows the methodology used by H. Deangelo, L. Deangelo and Stulz (2010). Analyzing whether there is a relationship between the logistics company conduct a SEO and variable rate market-to-book, stage of life cycle, past returns and future profitability and size. About the variables we can conclude that there is a relationship between the attainment of SEO content and market-to-book, firm size and profitability after the completion of SEO. The relationships of the variables expected market-to-book and size, were confirmed as positive, however the variable profitability after completion of SEO obtained a negative relationship, thus diverging from the expected. Therefore, hypotheses 1 and 5 of the thesis, that the probability of performing SEO is positively related to the index market-to-book and size, can not be rejected. Descriptive statistics already pointed in this direction, about 81% of the operations were performed by SEO companies that presented index market-to-book more than 1, which indicates some sort of recovery, and the largest proportion, about 55% of the achievements were made by companies that were with index greater than 2.10 MB. Regarding the size, descriptive statistics already presented a preliminary support when showed that most of the offers, about 51% were held by companies that met the range of values of total assets (14
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Fohlin, Louise, and Emelie Franzén. "Smartphones som ny marknadsföringskanal : Nya möjligheter inom precision, segmentering och relationer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12885.
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Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att öka förståelsen för hur samhällets och teknikens senaste utveckling har bidragit med nya marknadsföringskanaler och vad detta innebär för företags marknadsföringsstrategier. Med detta syfte som utgångspunkt har tre forskningsfrågor formulerats för att avgränsa forskningen än mer: Hur kan smartphones som marknadsföringskanal hjälpa företag att precisera sin marknadsföring till kunden? På vilket sätt har den nya mobila tekniken, i form av smartphones, påverkat företags segmenteringsmöjligheter? Hur kan ett företag använda sig av smartphones, som ett verktyg för att hantera kundrelationer? Metod: Uppsatsen är resultatet av en kvalitativ studie med en huvudsaklig induktiv inriktning. Primärdatainsamlingen har skett genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: Efter att ha undersökt detta ämne har vi dragit slutsatsen att valet av smartphones som kanal kan hjälpa företag att precisera sin marknadsföring genom att telefonen är tillgänglig och personlig för kunden. Därför menar vi att kunders integritet och acceptans kommer att vara avgörande faktorer och viktiga att beakta. Timing är en väsentlig del av precisionsmarknadsföringen och vi har därför presenterat två nya begrepp; företagsstyrd timing och kundstyrd timing. Smartphones har även bidragit med nya möjligheter för företag att segmentera marknaden där vi framhållit slutsatsen att plats och kontext torde vara nya segmenteringsvariabler för företag att beakta. Vår slutsats är även att smartphones är en fördelaktig kanal när det kommer till byggande och hantering av kundrelationer och vi har sett tendenser till att kunden umgås med varumärket på ett sätt som tidigare inte varit möjligt. Vi introducerar ett nytt begrepp, interaktionsintensiva kommunikationsenheter, där smartphones ses som den ledande enhetstypen idag. Nyckelord: Mobilmarknadsföring, smartphones, precisionsmarknadsföring, kundstyrd timing[1], segmentering, kontext, relevans, integritet, kundrelationer, interaktionsintensiva kommunikationsenheter[2] [1]Begreppet är av oss introducerat och utgör en del av en egengjord modell. Se s 58, kapitel 5.1.1 [2]Vi har valt att introducera detta begrepp som ett samlingsnamn för en ny typ av marknadsföringskanal. Se s. 63, kapitel 5.1.3Purpose: The purpose of this study is to gain understanding of how the development of the society, as well as the technology, has increased the numbers of marketing channels and how they affect companies’ marketing strategies. In order to investigate this subject we have formulated three main questions: How can smartphones as a marketing channel help companies pinpoint their communication to the customer? How do smartphones affect companies' ability to segment the market? How can a company use smartphones, as a tool to manage customer relationships? Approach: We have done a qualitative study with an inductive approach. Primary data has been collected through seven qualitative semi-structured interviews with persons from different companies. Conclusions: After investigating this subject we have come to the conclusion that using smartphones as a marketing channel can help companies to pinpoint their marketing because of the device’s availability and because that the phone is personal to the customer. We mean that customers’ acceptance and integrity is very important to take into consideration and will be of great importance in how well companies will succeed in its use of smartphones as a marketing channel. Timing is another important question and we have therefore presented two new concepts; business-driven timing and customer-driven timing. Smartphones has also contributed with new strategies when it comes to market segmentation. We suggest place and context as new market segmentation variables so that companies could be able to find their customer in right place and in right time. We have also come to the conclusion that smartphones as a marketing channel is advantageous when it comes to building relationship to the customer and we have also seen tendencies that the customer socialize with the brand in a way that they has not been done before. We have also introduced a new concept, interactive communication devices, which is a name for a new type of marketing channels and where smartphones is the leading device today. Keywords: Mobile marketing, precision marketing, customer driven timing[3], market segmentation, context, relevance, integrity, brand, customer relationship, high interactive communication devices[4] [3]This is a new concept that we have introduced and is a part of a model that we have created. See page 58, chapter 5.1.1 [4]This is a new concept that we have introduced and is a concept for a new type of marketing channel, see page 63, chapter 5.1.3.
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Bohling, Timothy R. "Predicting Purchase Timing, Brand Choice and Purchase Amount of Firm Adoption of Radically Innovative Information Technology: A Business to Business Empirical Analysis." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/bus_admin_diss/3.
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Knowing what to sell, when to sell, and to whom to sell is essential buyer behavior insight to allocate scarce marketing resources efficiently and effectively. Applying the theory of relationship marketing (Morgan and Hunt 1994), this study seeks to investigate the link between commitment and trust and firm adoption of radically innovative information technology (IT). The construct of radical innovation is operationalized through the use of cloud computing. A review of the vast scholarly literature on radical innovation diffusion and adoption, and modeling techniques used to analyze buyer behavior is followed by empirical estimation of each of the radical innovation adoption questions of purchase timing, brand choice, and purchase amount. Then, the inefficiencies in the independent model process are highlighted, suggesting the need for an integrated model. Next, an integrated model is developed to link the purchase timing, brand choice, and purchase amount decisions. The essay concludes with insight for marketing practitioners on the strength of the factors of commitment and trust on adoption of radical innovation, an improved methodology for the business-to-business marketing literature, and potential further research paths.
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Fehervari, Gabor. "The factors affecting the timing and volume of sales in Hungarian farmers' crop marketing decisions : an alternative perspective on the theory of price of storage." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/75020/.
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The existence of convenience yield has become an axiom in the analysis of intertemporal price relations for commodities. However, the link between the macro level convenience yield concept and the micro-level sell/store decisions of stock holders lacks empirical evidence. The main objective of the study is to establish the drivers behind timing and volume of stock holders' actual commodity sales and to establish whether the decision-making process can be linked to convenience yield. Regression analysis of intertemporal price spreads, monthly dummies and stocks for Hungarian com are performed both to establish the relevance of the convenience yield concept, and to confirm its relationship to stocks. The GSADF (Generalized Sup-ADF) method is applied on consecutive expiries of corn futures, in order to validate convenience yield related assumptions of explosiveness. An alternative explanation of the convenience yield concept formulated in the spatial-temporal interpretation of storage is also tested on a large volume of actual Hungarian com logistics data. Finally, a choice model with hypothetical sales scenarios, filled by a large sample of Hungarian farmers is performed in order to validate whether a two-step Heckman model offers a good approximation of the actual decision-making process behind stock sales. Both convenience yield's existence and its inverse relation to stocks are demonstrated for Hungarian com. However, evidence does not support the hypothesis that nearby prices show greater tendencies for bubble formation than later expiries. Contrary to expectations, spatial¬temporal storage conclusions are validated on Hungarian corn, as delivery distance to central markets does increase through the season. Some variables proposed are found to be individually significant in driving stock sales, and the expectation that selling is best explained by a two-step Heckman model is also partly confirmed. Besides testing existing models on the data of a new geography, it is the additional step taken towards real decision-makers, where this study of commodity sales is expected to contribute both to convenience yield theory and to our current knowledge of how the physical grain markets work.
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Diniz, Júnior Ary Avellar. "Análise de desempenho de fundos mútuos de ações." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/4838.
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Previous issue date: 1997-04-07T00:00:00ZA presente dissertação analisa o desempenho de quarenta fundos mútuos de ações brasileiros no período de agosto de 1990 a maio de 1996. As ferramentas usadas na avaliação desses fundos foram as obtidas nos três modelos -clássicos de Treynor, Sharpe e Jensen e o Modelo de Treynor e Mazuy, que também analisa habilidade de market timing dos administradores dos fundos. Além disso, examinamos estratégia de construção e administração de fundos, bem como analisamos algumas características e classificações desses fundos.
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Вержуцька, Я. Ю. "Формування конкурентоспроможного маркетингового плану реалізації бізнес-проектів» (на матеріалах ТОВ «РЕД БУЛЛ УКРАЇНА»)." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/25185.
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Вержуцька, Я. Ю. Формування конкурентоспроможного маркетингового плану реалізації бізнес-проектів» (на матеріалах ТОВ «РЕД БУЛЛ УКРАЇНА») : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 075 "Маркетинг" / Я. Ю. Вержуцька ; керівник роботи В. А. Москаленко ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра маркетингу, PR-технологій та логістики. – Чернігів, 2021. – 68 с.Кваліфікаційна робота присвячена обґрунтуванню маркетингової стратегії для сфери безалкогольних енергетичних напоїв. Перший розділ роботи містить характеристику маркетингового планування для реалізації бізнес-проектів сфери послуг, теоретичні аспекти маркетингового планування. Другий розділ містить аналіз діяльності підприємства ТОВ «РЕД БУЛЛ УКРАЇНА». Оцінені особливості маркетингу подій міжнародної компанії. У третьому розділі вноситься ряд пропозицій щодо формування конкурентоспроможного маркетингового плану реалізації бізнес-проектів. Висновки відбивають основні результати проведення дослідження та пропозиції щодо втілення ефективного маркетінгового плану.
Qualification work is devoted to the substantiation of marketing strategy for the field of soft energy drinks. The first section of the work contains a description of marketing planning for the implementation of business projects in the field of services, theoretical aspects of marketing planning. The second section contains an analysis of the activities of the company LLC "RED BULL UKRAINE". Features of marketing of events of the international company are estimated. The third section introduces a number of proposals for the formation of a competitive marketing plan for business projects. The conclusions reflect the main results of the study and proposals for the implementation of an effective marketing plan.
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Xu, Wei. "The effects of competitive environments on corporate selective hedging behaviour." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120433.
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This thesis examines corporate derivative use and selective hedging behaviour taking into account the competitive environment in which the firm and its decision makers are involved. The effects of competitive environments are investigated from different levels. One is the industry level which considers the predation risk that firms could encounter because of product market competition. The other is at the board level; specifically the conflicts in board decision making because of board gender diversity. The test results support the explanatory power of both predation risk and board gender diversity on corporate selective hedging behaviour. Firms encountering higher predation risk are more likely to use derivatives to time the market for extra returns. Female participation on boards encourages selective hedging behaviour. However, adverse effects appear stronger on selective hedging when more females are appointed as directors. Once a critical mass is achieved (a board with over 20% or at least three female members), the intensity of selective hedging behaviour is significantly mitigated. A bell-shaped relationship between board gender diversity and selective hedging behaviour is found. Though a competitive environment has different levels and dimensions, by analysing this issue from both external and internal perspectives, this study emphasises the importance of contextual settings in discussing corporate decision making and risk management.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Business School, 2019
Books on the topic "Marking timing"
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Marketing strategy: Relationships, offerings, timing & resource allocation. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1995.
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In perfect timing: A novel. San Bernardino, CA]: [Beverly Powers], 2016.
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Böttger, Michael. Einführung ökologischer Produkte: Timing-Strategien, dargestellt am Beispiel der Automobilindustrie. Sternenfels: Verlag Wissenschaft und Praxis, 1996.
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DeMark, Thomas R. New market timing techniques: Innovative studies in market rhythm & price exhaustion. New York: Wiley, 1997.
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Sudharshan, Devantham. Marketing Strategy: Relationships, Offerings, Timing & Resource Allocation. Prentice Hall, 1995.
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Sudharshan, Devantham. Marketing Strategy: Relationships, Offerings, Timing & Resource Allocation. Prentice Hall, 1995.
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Dickson, Richard A., and Tracy L. Knudsen. Mastering Market Timing: Using the Works of L. M. Lowry and R. D. Wyckoff to Identify Key Market Turning Points. Pearson Higher Education & Professional Group, 2018.
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Wratten, Simon. Sales and Marketing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574797.003.0006.
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Traditionally OUP relied on travellers to promote and sell its books in the UK and branch staff to do so overseas; these activities were managed from the Sales Department at Ely House. Feedback from the branches and UK travellers on customer preferences did not reliably reach editors in Oxford and London. Following the reorganization of the Press in the 1970s, publishing divisions took control of marketing their own books and a greater priority was given to market preferences in decisions about design, format, pricing, timing of publication, and projected sales. The chapter chronicles the changes in marketing policy and sales techniques, offering examples of the impact of market analysis, customer feedback, and promotional campaigns on particular titles. The chapter also considers the way the Press reacted to changes in the retail book sales with the growth of chain stores, book clubs, and the online marketplace.
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Dow, Bonnie J. Magazines and the Marketing of the Movement. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038563.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on the March 18, 1970, sit-in at Ladies' Home Journal (LHJ), a crucial episode in feminist media activism that had dramatic internal and external consequences for women's liberation. Conceived as a radical action by a small group of women incensed at the demeaning portrayal of women in a publication that touted itself as “the magazine women believe in,” the LHJ protest was an unpredictable success, precipitating significant changes in editorial and employment practices at women's magazines. That outcome was the product of several factors, including the emphases of the print and broadcast coverage of the LHJ events as well as the action's timing among a wave of protests and discrimination complaints launched in 1970 by women employees of major media institutions. Equally important was the recognition of the magazine's editors—and those of their sister publications—that incorporating and commodifying women's liberation was more profitable than resisting it, processes that would soon escalate across all forms of mass media.
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Patlolla, Sandhyarani, Rachael E. Goodhue, and Richard J. Sexton. Managing Quantity, Quality, and Timing in Indian Cane Sugar Production: Ex Post Marketing Permits or Ex Ante Production Contracts? The World Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6975.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Marking timing"
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Schaefers, Tobias, Joe Cobbs, and Mark D. Groza. "Timing of Sponsorship Announcements: A Test of Temporal Distance and Construal Level Effects." In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 468. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10951-0_176.
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Nakamura, Sena. "Pattern on New Product Introductions and Firm Performance: Consideration of Timing and Target: An Abstract." In Marketing Transformation: Marketing Practice in an Ever Changing World, 75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68750-6_19.
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Bebko, Charlene Pleger. "Awareness, Timing and Reasons for Choosing Marketing As a College Major." In Proceedings of the 1994 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 123–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13162-7_29.
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Pan, Yigang, and Xiaolian Li. "Do Timing and Modes of Entry in China Matter to Market Share Position and Profitability?" In Marketing Issues in Transitional Economies, 211–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5009-9_13.
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Bambauer-Sachse, Silke, Yannick Renaud-dit-Louis, and Ashley Young. "Consumer Anger After Double Deviation: The Role of Failure Severity, Service Involvement, and Recovery Timing: An Abstract." In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 55–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89883-0_10.
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Reardon, James, Barbara Coe, and Chip Miller. "Exploration of Expansion and Associated Timing Strategies for International Market Entry." In Proceedings of the 1996 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 26–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13144-3_5.
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Lu, Shuya, Danny Weathers, and Juliana White. "Effects of Price/Quantity Presentation Order and Timing on Consumer Value Judgements." In Celebrating America’s Pastimes: Baseball, Hot Dogs, Apple Pie and Marketing?, 273–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26647-3_53.
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d’Astous, Alain, and Valérie Landreville. "Timing, congruence, attractiveness and value: The impact of premium Characteristics on consumers’ perceptions of sales promotions." In New Meanings for Marketing in a New Millennium, 56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11927-4_14.
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Beldad, Ardion D., Sabrina M. Hegner, and Ester van Laar. "Proactive Crisis Communication When Precrisis Reputation Is Rotten? The Moderating Roles of Precrisis Reputation and Crisis Type in the Relationship Between Communication Timing and Trust and Purchase Intention: An Extended Abstract." In Creating Marketing Magic and Innovative Future Marketing Trends, 679–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45596-9_131.
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"Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology." In Advances in Fish Tagging and Marking Technology, edited by Stephen Achord, Benjamin P. Sandford, Steven G. Smith, William R. Wassard, and Earl F. Prentice. American Fisheries Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874271.ch11.
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<i>Abstract</i>.—Recent advances in passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag technology have allowed the development of in-stream fish-monitoring systems. We installed two such systems in Valley Creek near its confluence with the Salmon River in summer 2002. In the summers of 2003–2005 we collected and PIT tagged wild spring/summer Chinook salmon parr <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha </i>in natal rearing areas upstream from the monitors. Although subsequent detection numbers between fall 2003 and spring 2006 were low and variable, they were sufficient to determine timing and estimate survival. We defined migrational groups by period of detection: late summer and fall (August–October), winter (November–February), and the following spring (March–June). Combining 3 years of data, the mean proportions of fish detected during these three respective detection periods were 60.6, 27.7, and 11.7%. Mean probability estimates of survival from Valley Creek to Lower Granite or Little Goose Dams were 9.2, 23.4, and 40.8% for the respective late summer and fall, winter, and spring periods. Estimated overall mean probabilities of survival were 46.6% from tagging as parr to movement into the mouth of Valley Creek and 17.3% from Valley Creek to Lower Granite Dam. The overall mean parr-to-smolt survival estimate from tagging to arrival at Lower Granite Dam was 9.0%. The unexpectedly high proportion of fish migrating in winter has important implications for fish monitoring studies that use rotary screw or scoop traps: these traps are generally inoperable during winter near most natal rearing areas and thus may result in biased estimates of fish population status and migration timing. Advancements in technologies and methodologies to instream PIT-tag monitoring systems will improve data quality to assist recovery planning for threatened and endangered fish species.
Conference papers on the topic "Marking timing"
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Matsui, Kenji. "OPTIMAL TIMING FOR POSTING A DIRECT PRICE UNDER CHANNEL CONFLICT." In Bridging Asia and the World: Globalization of Marketing & Management Theory and Practice. Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Associations, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gmc2014.07.01.02.
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Sohn, Yong Seok, and Kun Woo Yoo. "A FIRM’S STRATEGY TO CONSUMER BEHAVIORAL DECISIONS: PERCEIVED OBSOLESCENCE AND THE TIMING OF REPLACEMENT." In Bridging Asia and the World: Globalization of Marketing & Management Theory and Practice. Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Associations, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gmc2014.08.06.01.
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Choi, Dongwon, Hyejin Bang, Bartosz W. Wojdynski, Yen-I. Lee, Kate M. Keib, Camila Espina, and Kacy Kim. "WHEN DO VIEWERS SHARE VIRAL VIDEO ADVERTISING? THE ROLE OF BRAND PROMINENCE AND BRAND DISCLOSURE TIMING." In Bridging Asia and the World: Global Platform for Interface between Marketing and Management. Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Associations, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gmc2016.05.09.03.
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Hao, Andy Wei, Chiquan Guo, Yong J. Wang, and Anshu Saran. "ARE MARKET-ORIENTED FIRMS PIONEERS IN NEW PRODUCT LAUNCH? AN INVESTIGATION OF POSITIONAL ADVANTAGE, TIMING OF ENTRY, AND NEW PRODUCT PERFORMANCE." In Bridging Asia and the World: Globalization of Marketing & Management Theory and Practice. Korean academy of marketing science, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gmc2014.01.05.01.
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Pollak, Frantisek, Peter Markovic, and Michal Konecny. "Analysis of Selected Characteristics of e-Consumer Behavior of Czechs During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.53.
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The paper is devoted to the analysis of the selected aspects of e-consumer behavior. Specifically, to the application of innovative methods of evaluating customer interactions within the environment of the virtual social network Facebook. From the point of view of the actual implementation of presented research, the activity of customer tribes of the five largest e-commerce entities in the Czech virtual market was analyzed and evaluated. The data needed to process the analysis were collected during the first state of emergency declared in the Czech Republic in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the analysis of data on the interactions of customer groups in a highly non-standard situation, it was possible to outline specific patterns of consumer behavior, in particular the extent and nature of their interactions in B2C communication on the social network Facebook. From the findings we can deduce a shift in the timing of interactions towards the morning hours, which we consider both as an effect of working from home and as a deviation from the usual patterns of behavior. In our opinion, it is necessary to take both of these effects into account when planning marketing communication.
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Herschbein, Steven B., Kyle M. Winter, Carmelo F. Scrudato, Brian L. Yates, Edward S. Hermann, and John Carulli. "FinFET Transistor Output Drive Performance Modification by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Chip Circuit Editing." In ISTFA 2020. ASM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2020p0122.
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Abstract Focused Ion Beam (FIB) chip circuit editing is a well-established highly specialized laboratory technique for making direct changes to the functionality of integrated circuits. A precisely tuned and placed ion beam in conjunction with process gases selectively uncovers internal circuitry, create functional changes in devices or the copper wiring pattern, and reseals the chip surface. When executed within reasonable limits, the revised circuit logic functions essentially the same as if the changes were instead made to the photomasks used to fabricate the chip. The results of the intended revision, however, can be obtained weeks or months earlier than by a full fabrication run. Evaluating proposed changes through FIB modification rather than proceeding immediately to mask changes has become an integral part of the process for bringing advanced designs to market at many companies. The end product of the FIB process is the very essence of handcrafted prototyping. The efficacy of the FIB technique faces new challenges with every generation of fabrication process node advancement. Ever shrinking geometries and new material sets have always been a given as transistor size decreases and overall packing density increases. The biggest fundamental change in recent years was the introduction of the FinFET as a replacement for the venerable planar transistor. Point to point wiring change methodology has generally followed process scaling, but transistor deletions or modifications with the change to Fins require a somewhat different approach and much more careful control due to the drastic change in height and shape. We also had to take into consideration the importance of the 4th terminal, the body-tie, that is often lost in backside editing. Some designs and FET technology can function acceptably well when individual devices are no longer connected to the bulk substrate or well, while others can suffer from profound shifts in performance. All this presents a challenge given that the primary beam technology improvements of the fully configured chip edit FIB has only evolved incrementally during the same time period. The gallium column system appears to be reaching its maximum potential. Further, as gallium is a p-type metal dopant, there are limitations to its use in close proximity to certain active semiconductor devices. Amorphous material formation and other damage mechanisms that extend beyond what can be seen visually when endpointing must also be taken into account [1]. Device switching performance and even transmission line characteristics of nearby wiring levels can be impacted by material structural changes from implantation cascades. Last year our lab participated in a design validation exercise in which we were asked to modify the drive of a multi-finger FinFET device structure to reduce its switching speed impact on a circuit. The original sized device pulled the next node in the chain too fast, resulting in a timing upset. Deleting whole structures and bridging over/around them is commonly done, but modifications to the physical size of an FET device is a rare request and generally not attempted. It requires a level of precision in beam control and post-edit treatment that can be difficult to execute cleanly. Once again during a complex edit task we considered the use of an alternate ion beam species such as neon, or reducing the beam energy (low kV) on the gallium tool. Unfortunately, we don’t yet have easy access to a versatile viable replacement column technology grafted to a fully configured edit station. And while there should be significantly reduced implant damage and transistor functional change when a gallium column FIB is operated at lower accelerating potential [2], the further loss of visual acuity due to the reduced secondary emission, especially when combined with ultra-low beam currents, made fast and accurate navigation near impossible. We instead chose the somewhat unconventional approach of using an ultra-low voltage electron beam to do much of the navigation and surface marking prior to making the final edits with the gallium ion beam in a dual-beam FIB tool. Once we had resolved how to accurately navigate to the transistors in question and expose half of the structure without disturbing the body-tie, we were able to execute the required cut to trim away 50% of the structure and reduce the effective drive. Several of the FIB modified units functioned per the design parameters of a smaller sized device, giving confidence to proceed with the revised mask set. To our surprise, the gallium beam performed commendably well in this most difficult task. While we still believe that an inert beam of similar characteristics would be preferable, this work indicates that gallium columns are still viable at the 14 nm FinFET node for even the most rigorous of editing requirements. It also showed that careful application of e-beam imaging on the exposed underside of FinFET devices could be performed without degrading or destroying them.
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Witte, Jan, Daniel Trümpy, Jürgen Meßner, and Hans Georg Babies. "Petroleum Potential of Rift Basins in Northern Somalia – A Fresh Look." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2573746-ms.
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ABSTRACT Several wells have encountered good oil shows in the rift basins of northern Somalia, however, without finding commercial hydrocarbons to date. It is widely accepted that these basins have a similar tectonic evolution and a comparable sedimentary fill as the highly productive rift basins in Yemen from which they have been separated by the opening of the Gulf of Aden (fully established in Mid Oligocene). We present new regional tectonic maps, new basement outcrop maps, a new structural transect and new play maps, specifically for the Odewayne, Nogal, Daroor and Socotra Basins. Digital terrain data, satellite images, surface geology maps (varying scales), oil seep/slick maps, potential data (gravity), well data from ~50 wells and data from scientific publications were compiled into a regional GIS-database, so that different data categories could be spatially analyzed. To set the tectonic framework, the outlines of the basins under investigation were re-mapped, paying particular attention to crystalline basement outcrops. A set of play maps was established. We recognize at least three source rocks, five reservoirs and at least three regional seals to be present in the area (not all continuously present). Numerous oil seeps are documented, particularly in the Nogal and Odewayne Basins, indicative of ongoing migration or re-migration. Data from exploration wells seem to further support the presence of active petroleum systems, especially in the central Nogal, western Nogal and central Daroor Basins. Our GIS-based data integration confirms that significant hydrocarbon potential remains in the established rift basins, such as the Nogal and Daroor Basins. Additionally, there are a number of less known satellite basins (on and offshore) which can be mapped out and that remain completely undrilled. All of these basins have to be considered frontier basins, due to their poorly understood geology, remoteness, marketing issues and missing oil infrastructure, making the economic risks significant. However, we believe that through acquisition of new seismic data, geochemical analysis, basin modelling and, ultimately, exploration drilling these risks can be mitigated to a point where the economic risks become acceptable. We encourage explorers to conduct regional basin analysis, data integration, a GIS-based approach and modern structural geology concepts to tackle key issues, such as trap architecture, structural timing, migration pathways and breaching risks.
Reports on the topic "Marking timing"
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King, E. L., A. Normandeau, T. Carson, P. Fraser, C. Staniforth, A. Limoges, B. MacDonald, F. J. Murrillo-Perez, and N. Van Nieuwenhove. Pockmarks, a paleo fluid efflux event, glacial meltwater channels, sponge colonies, and trawling impacts in Emerald Basin, Scotian Shelf: autonomous underwater vehicle surveys, William Kennedy 2022011 cruise report. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331174.
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A short but productive cruise aboard RV William Kennedy tested various new field equipment near Halifax (port of departure and return) but also in areas that could also benefit science understanding. The GSC-A Gavia Autonomous Underwater Vehicle equipped with bathymetric, sidescan and sub-bottom profiler was successfully deployed for the first time on Scotian Shelf science targets. It surveyed three small areas: two across known benthic sponge, Vazella (Russian Hat) within a DFO-directed trawling closure area on the SE flank of Sambro Bank, bordering Emerald Basin, and one across known pockmarks, eroded cone-shaped depression in soft mud due to fluid efflux. The sponge study sites (~ 150 170 m water depth) were known to lie in an area of till (subglacial diamict) exposure at the seabed. The AUV data identified gravel and cobble-rich seabed, registering individual clasts at 35 cm gridded resolution. A subtle variation in seabed texture is recognized in sidescan images, from cobble-rich on ridge crests and flanks, to limited mud-rich sediment in intervening troughs. Correlation between seabed topography and texture with the (previously collected) Vazella distribution along two transects is not straightforward. However there may be a preference for the sponge in the depressions, some of which have a thin but possibly ephemeral sediment cover. Both sponge study sites depict a hereto unknown morphology, carved in glacial deposits, consisting of a series of discontinuous ridges interpreted to be generated by erosion in multiple, continuous, meandering and cross-cutting channels. The morphology is identical to glacial Nye, or mp;lt;"N-mp;lt;"channels, cut by sub-glacial meltwater. However their scale (10 to 100 times mp;lt;"typicalmp;gt;" N-channels) and the unique eroded medium, (till rather than bedrock), presents a rare or unknown size and medium and suggests a continuum in sub-glacial meltwater channels between much larger tunnel valleys, common to the eastward, and the bedrock forms. A comparison is made with coastal Nova Scotia forms in bedrock. The Emerald Basin AUV site, targeting pockmarks was in ~260 to 270 m water depth and imaged eight large and one small pockmark. The main aim was to investigate possible recent or continuous fluid flux activity in light of ocean acidification or greenhouse gas contribution; most accounts to date suggested inactivity. While a lack of common attributes marking activity is confirmed, creep or rotational flank failure is recognized, as is a depletion of buried diffuse methane immediately below the seabed features. Discovery of a second, buried, pockmark horizon, with smaller but more numerous erosive cones and no spatial correlation to the buried diffuse gas or the seabed pockmarks, indicates a paleo-event of fluid or gas efflux; general timing and possible mechanisms are suggested. The basinal survey also registered numerous otter board trawl marks cutting the surficial mud from past fishing activity. The AUV data present a unique dataset for follow-up quantification of the disturbance. Recent realization that this may play a significant role in ocean acidification on a global scale can benefit from such disturbance quantification. The new pole-mounted sub-bottom profiler collected high quality data, enabling correlation of recently recognized till ridges exposed at the seabed as they become buried across the flank and base of the basin. These, along with the Nye channels, will help reconstruct glacial behavior and flow patterns which to date are only vaguely documented. Several cores provide the potential for stratigraphic dating of key horizons and will augment Holocene environmental history investigations by a Dalhousie University student. In summary, several unique features have been identified, providing sufficient field data for further compilation, analysis and follow-up publications.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Orna Halevy. Pre-natal Epigenetic Adaptation to Improve Thermotolerance Acquisition and Performance of Fast-growing Meat-type Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592120.bard.
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: The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and performance led to the following hypothesis: (a) thethermoregulatory-response threshold for heat production can be altered by thermal manipulation (TM) during incubation so as to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance in the post-hatch broiler;and (b) TM during embryogenesis will improve myoblast proliferation during the embryonic and post-hatch periods with subsequent enhanced muscle growth and meat production. The original objectives of this study were as follow: 1. to assess the timing, temperature, duration, and turning frequency required for optimal TM during embryogenesis; 2. to evaluate the effect of TM during embryogenesis on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during four phases: (1) embryogenesis, (2) at hatch, (3) during growth, and (4) during heat challenge near marketing age; 3. to investigate the stimulatory effect of thermotolerance on hormones that regulate thermogenesis and stress (T₄, T₃, corticosterone, glucagon); 4. to determine the effect of TM on performance (BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, breast muscle yield) of broiler chickens; and 5. to study the effect of TM during embryogenesis on skeletal muscle growth, including myoblast proliferation and fiber development, in the embryo and post-hatch chicks.This study has achieved all the original objectives. Only the plasma glucagon concentration (objective 3) was not measured as a result of technical obstacles. Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of embryogenesis when satellite cell population normally expand should increase absolute pectoralis muscle weight in broilers post-hatch. Major conclusions: Intermittent TM (39.5°C for 12 h/day) during embryogenesis when the thyroid and adrenal axis was developing and maturing (E7 to E16 inclusive) had a long lasting thermoregulatory effect that improved thermotolerance of broiler chickens exposed to acute thermal stress at market age by lowering their functional Tb set point, thus lowering metabolic rate at hatch, improving sensible heat loss, and significantly decreasing the level of stress. Increased machine ventilation rate was required during TM so as to supply the oxygen required for the periods of increased embryonic development. Enhancing embryonic development was found to be accomplished by a combination of pre-incubation heating of embryos for 12 h at 30°C, followed by increasing incubation temperature to 38°C during the first 3 days of incubation. It was further facilitated by increasing turning frequency of the eggs to 48 or 96 times daily. TM during critical phases of muscle development in the late-term chick embryo (E16 to E18) for 3 or 6 hours (39.5°C) had an immediate stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation that lasted for up to two weeks post-hatch; this was followed by increased hypertrophy at later ages. The various incubation temperatures and TM durations focused on the fine-tuning of muscle development and growth processes during late-term embryogenesis as well as in post-hatch chickens.