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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marketisation'
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Bjønness, Martine. "Marketisation of Security." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22548.
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Entangled in a context of increased use of private military and security companies globally, this study sets out to investigate the motivation for Denmark to use private military and security companies (PMSCs) for maritime security in parilious international waters. This study examines the decision making process taking place in the Danish Parliament in 2012 prior to the passing of Law 116 The amendment of the Firearms Act and the Act on Warfare, etc. that mandated the shipping industry to hire PMSCs for armed protection of their vessels. A critical discourse analysis has been applied in order to understand the discursive mechanisms present in the political debate prior to the adoption of the law. The analysis shows that a neoliberal market discourse of necessity, efficiency and competition informs the parliamentary debate on international maritime security and pirate threats. That is, the protecting of the Danish industry and trade are found to be a first priority whereas personal security of the employees, the pirates, and control over weapons are only secondary. The findings indicate that in the political discourse, security has become subjected to a marketlogic. Thus, security is referred to as security for the market more than for the population.The thesis argues that this change in thinking about security needs a critical public debate in order to make sure that issues of security stay within the political sphere.
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Han, Jun. "Social marketisation and policy change in China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3cb46b9e-b2ec-448c-9170-9c261f4b3a73.
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What kinds of social organisations (SOs) are more likely to succeed in promoting policy change? How and why can some SOs promote policy change in China? This thesis argues that the emerging tendency of social marketisation - social entrepreneurship and government purchase of services from SOs - can empower social organisations to facilitate policy change from the government. Based on three survey databases, this research shows that when social organisations become social enterprises or obtained government contracts for purchasing services, their likelihoods of success in promoting policy change increased and their influence on government policy making improved, after controlling for other resource and institutional factors. This research subsequently draws upon two in-depth case studies on Nonprofit Incubator (NPI) and China Foundation Centre (CFC) to demonstrate how social organisations can use entrepreneurial and marketised strategies to promote the emergence and spread of five new government policies in China. The underlying mechanism of their successes is the formation of social organisation chains (SOCs), which consist of infrastructure, financial, support, and operational organisations. The formation of SOCs created positive social change. Positive social change facilitated policy change. This study further applies the perspective of SOCs to examine how the three local states (Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen) re-regulate the social organisation sector, and reveals a wider applicability of SOCs at the city level. Finally, this thesis has discussed the relations between social marketisation and other significant theoretical and practical issues. The contribution of this thesis is that it finds a positive relationship between social marketisation and policy change in China, and reveals the process and the underlying mechanism.
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Gu, Limin. "Modernisation and marketisation : The Chinese kindergarten in the 1990s." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-16558.
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This is a study of changes in Chinese kindergarten education in the era of the post-Mao four modernisations. Based on fieldwork carried out in China in 1997, this thesis examined the changes of Chinese kindergarten education at two levels — changes in system (structural change) and changes in educational activities (curriculum and ideological change), especially for the period of the 1990s. Changes are described and discussed in a historical context, in which both changes in policy and in practice are examined. Changes in education are closely linked to the social, political, economic and cultural context. The content, process and outcomes of reform in early childhood education in China have been affected by the national goals of reform, the social context of early educational institutions, their organizational characteristics, family structure, family policy, and the specific professional culture of teaching and learning. Recent structural reforms in early childhood education have been shaped by the foremost task of the nation - economic development. The previous welfare model of kindergarten, which was regarded as one of the outcomes of a socialist system, is being transformed into a new market competitive model to meet a political demand for the marketisation of society. The curricula of early educational program, teachers' attitudes to children, and their professional activities, therefore, have been re-shaped according to new ideas about the needs and abilities of children, new conceptions of child development and, not least, the new modernisation "knowledge" that gained ascendancy in China during the 1990s.digitalisering@umu
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Savage, Kevin. "The marketisation of education and its effects on teacher performance." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675493.
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Bennett, Hayley. "Marketisation of UK employment programmes : the impact on a third sector organisation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8172.
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Since 1999 UK employment programmes (known as welfare-to-work programmes) have been delivered through the procurement of services from organisations outside of the public sector. Managed by contractual arrangements and arranged in a quasi-market system controlled by the state, private and third sector organisations compete to secure contracts predominantly based on payment-by-results and competitive tendering processes. This thesis used an instrumental case study to analyse the impact of the welfare-to-work quasi-market on a third sector organisation based in Scotland. Using a qualitative mixed-methods research strategy including 20 in-depth interviews, 150 documents, an ethnographic study and financial analysis of the organisation’s accounts, the thesis presents an in-depth insight into the development of the welfare-to-work market and its changes over time and the impact this had on instigating organisational change in a third sector organisation. Drawing on transaction cost theory, neoinstitutional theory and resource dependency theory the study found that activities, structure, and management processes changed in line with changes in its organisational field in order to attract and maintain resources and gain legitimacy. Furthermore, the organisation under investigation faced financial management tensions as it sought to balance its involvement in service delivery with transaction costs associated with market participation. The thesis found that the dependence on resources from complex quasi-markets relations creates new power asymmetries between delivery organisations and the state.
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Leathwood, Carole. "Gender and the marketisation of further education : a study of two colleges." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10007415/.
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This thesis investigates the marketisation of further education (FE) in England in the 1990s with specific reference to gender. A major restructuring of the public sector has taken place in recent years, and colleges have undergone significant changes, with reductions in funding, an increased emphasis on efficiency and accountability, and a new business ethos all evident. This research was conducted in two inner-city colleges m 1997-98, usmg a combination of in-depth interviews, observation, and the examination of documents. The main aim was to identify dominant discourses and practices in the newly corporatised colleges, and to investigate the impact of these on gendered (raced, and classed) power relations. The thesis explores issues of funding and quality, new managerialism, and the restructuring of staffing, spaces and spatial relations. The importance given to new technological developments and their perceived role in the reconstruction of learning, learner and professional identities are also discussed. A further chapter explores the attention paid to equality concerns. A Foucauldian concept of discourse is used to examine the knowledges and perspectives that are legitimised or suppressed within the new FE, and the research draws upon feminist and other critical analyses of marketisation, organisation and management. It is argued that the Cartesian mind-body dichotomy, with its reification of 'rationality' and gendered implications, can be 3 seen to underpin the dominant discourses of the market, managerialism and new learning technologies in further education, and the thesis explores the processes by which gendered identities and power relations are maintained and reconstructed in this context. Differences within and between the colleges are discussed, and oppositional discourses which assert professional educational values, an ethic of care and a commitment to challenging inequalities are all identified. The thesis concludes with an analysis of resistance, and an account of more recent policy developments in the sector.
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Lam, Minh Chau. "Predict the unpredictable : rural experiences of late-socialist marketisation in northern Vietnam." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709414.
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Winter, Helen. "ADHD : "because you're worth it" : the marketisation of ADHD to adult women." Thesis, University of East London, 2013. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3459/.
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Drawing on the traditions of discursive psychology and critical discourse analysis this study examined the marketisation of ‘Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder’ (ADHD) to women in a small sample of online YouTube videos. Of specific interest was the constructed and constructive nature of discourse at a ‘micro’ level, with a particular focus on the reification and commodification of the ‘ADHD-product’; and the discursive strategies used to persuade women of the potential benefits of ‘ADHD’ diagnosis and ‘treatment’. The video material analysed represented a combination of first person testimonies from the ‘sufferer’, and the sharing of ‘expertise’ by ‘professionals’, and comprised of both verbal and visual aspects. The analytic categories generated told a ‘story’ of the construction and commodification of the ‘ADHD-product’, unproblematically positioned within the biomedical discourse; followed by the active promotion of ‘ADHD’ to women, with strong endorsements for the use of stimulant medication to ‘enhance performance’ and ‘increase one’s potential’. Attention was also paid to the possibility that this diagnosis might threaten women’s selfhood and undermine personal authenticity. Implications for research and professional practice are discussed in light of the analysis.
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Banwait, Kuldeep. "The student as customer : a study of the intensified marketisation of higher education in England." Thesis, University of Derby, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/622828.
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The literature review revealed two opposing views of the ‘student as customer’; either it is considered to be a deliberate policy construct rooted in the marketisation of higher education, which encourages public universities to behave like private businesses. Or it is considered to be a natural extension of rising consumerism in society, rendering universities as ‘cathedrals of consumption’. Both perspectives recognise that there is an attempt at creating a market in English higher education. This study discusses a ‘paradigm shift’ signalling an intensification of marketisation that began in the early 1980s. The purpose is to identify how these policy changes are perceived, by interviewing a large sample of senior managers and policy analysts in English higher education. Four themes emerged from the interviews. First, universities were said to be becoming increasingly “business like” suggesting that senior managers of English universities were faced with an identity crisis in grappling with their purpose as businesses or educational institutions. Second, was the idea that they performed in a “market like” fashion, displaying an uncomfortable acceptance of the idea whilst being open to the discussion of a free market in the future. Third, was the characterisation of student relationships with the university as “customer like” revealing an uncertainty as to whether students are customers or not. Fourth, was “individualism” a concept accepting the fact that universities would have to see higher education as an individual investment by a student. The implication of these uncertain themes is that senior managers would need to get out of ‘debate mode’ to adopt a clear and radical stance instead of being locked in the indecisive “like” dilemmas. They must develop the ability to see through the ‘strategy illusion’ and either challenge or accept the policy-induced uncertainties of higher education in the 21st century.
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Goldberg, Myshele. "No such thing as society? : social conscience and the marketisation of Scottish universities." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14359.
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Mamoe, Ati Henry. "The Impact of Marketisation on Pacific Islands Secondary School Students: A Christchurch Experience." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Pacific Studies, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/998.
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This research examines the impact of marketisation on Pacific Islands students in Christchurch high schools. Specifically, this study targeted the Tomorrow's Schools policy released in 1990 with particular interest in the changes in zoning laws. These changes theoretically allowed the consumers of education (the parents and students) equal access to all secondary schools by breaking down the zones and creating a free market where 'choice' and competition reigned supreme. However, this study along with others found that in actual fact it was the 'popular' schools with enrolment schemes who had the power to choose what students they preferred. Schools were left to compete for those students deemed' undesirable' by popular schools. This study found that a dis-empowerment of the schools' enrolment schemes needs to occur in Christchurch. Obviously, on the other hand, an empowerment of Pacific Islands parents and students through the increase of information also needs to occur. Although the government has made small steps toward making the problem more visible, more definitive work needs to be done in this area. This study also examined the achievement of Pacific Islands students at a national and at a sample level and discovered that has been very little improvement in this area over the time the Tomorrow's Schools policy has been in operation. Therefore, this study ventures into an analysis of this problem and suggests possible remedies. Again, this study argues that students must be actively empowered by teachers, schools, the government, and by their own people, in order to break down the physical, mental and even spiritual battles that Pacific Islands students face in the New Zealand education system.
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Leech, Darren. "The effect of marketisation on the leadership of National Health Service (NHS) hospitals." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/315482/.
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This thesis tests and explores the impact of increasing competition (marketisation) on the leaders of NHS hospitals in England. The research was prompted by the researcher’s observations in practice that language and behaviours were changing to reflect an increasing sense of competition between NHS hospitals. Whilst published opinions are not difficult to find in relation to changing NHS policy, this unique academic investigation provides a new contribution to knowledge through evidence generated from a mixed methodological research process. A qualitative case-study involving telephone interviews with leaders at a single hospital site were conducted in late 2009. The findings were tested for generalisability across 20 NHS hospital sites as a larger cohort of comparable NHS leaders were targeted using a multi-site, on-line questionnaire in 2010. This thesis concludes that hospital leaders believe that competition exists between NHS hospitals. A significant proportion also believes that the sense of competition is increasing. This is evidenced through culturally significant research findings related to changes in leadership behaviour, language and actions as a consequence of increasing marketisation. Furthermore, hospital leaders are divided and clearly unconvinced that increased competition would be a good thing for the NHS. This has numerous implications for policy, leadership in practice, leadership and market theory and specifically, the NHS leadership development model - the NHS ‘Leadership Qualities Framework’ (LQF).
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Leech, Darren. "The effect of marketisation on the leadership of National Health Service (NHS) hospitals." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/315482/2/DarrenLeech%20-%20BL.pdf.
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This thesis tests and explores the impact of increasing competition (marketisation) on the leaders of NHS hospitals in England. The research was prompted by the researcher’s observations in practice that language and behaviours were changing to reflect an increasing sense of competition between NHS hospitals.
Whilst published opinions are not difficult to find in relation to changing NHS policy, this unique academic investigation provides a new contribution to knowledge through evidence generated from a mixed methodological research process. A qualitative case-study involving telephone interviews with leaders at a single hospital site were conducted in late 2009. The findings were tested for generalisability across 20 NHS hospital sites as a larger cohort of comparable NHS leaders were targeted using a multi-site, on-line questionnaire in 2010.
This thesis concludes that hospital leaders believe that competition exists between NHS hospitals. A significant proportion also believes that the sense of competition is increasing. This is evidenced through culturally significant research findings related to changes in leadership behaviour, language and actions as a consequence of increasing marketisation. Furthermore, hospital leaders are divided and clearly unconvinced that increased competition would be a good thing for the NHS. This has numerous implications for policy, leadership in practice, leadership and market theory and specifically, the NHS leadership development model - the NHS ‘Leadership Qualities Framework’ (LQF).
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Bessant, Sophie. "Exploring the interface of marketisation and education for sustainable development in English higher education." Thesis, Keele University, 2017. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/4178/.
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This thesis explores the ideological and the practical relationship between Marketisation and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in English higher education (HE) – focusing on the political-economic ideology of Neoliberalism and associated public sector management philosophy of New Public Management (NPM) – in order to reveal how this relationship has influenced the pursuit, practice and development of ESD within England’s HE sector. This relationship is explored both in terms of the contradictions and challenges, as well as the synergies and opportunities, presented to the Higher Education for Sustainable Development (HESD) agenda within the prevailing marketised context. Justification for this research was a lack of studies which have explicitly, specifically and empirically explored ESD in the context of increasing neoliberal marketisation. A unique research design was employed, consisting of a single embedded case study of the HESD movement and community of practice in England, using a theoretical framework which combines tenets of both Pragmatist and Interpretivist theoretical traditions. Fifty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted with sustainability/ESD active staff across eight universities and five HE bodies in England, as well as a small number of HESD key informants. Results of this thesis suggest that there is an intrinsic ideological contradiction between ESD and marketisation in the contemporary HE environment in England, yet the practical relationship is much more complex. Findings point to an entrenched theory-practice gap between the ‘transformative’ HESD ideal found within mainstream HESD literature and the pragmatist reality of HESD developments occurring within English universities, which are largely incrementalist, reformist and deeply entwined within the marketised reality. Epistemological and value pluralism is offered as a way of appreciating that the marketised, liberal/traditional and sustainability roles, purposes, ideologies, values and realities of English HE are incontrovertibly conflicting, yet symbiotic in equal measure, and that marketisation and sustainability are separated by ideology, but not by practice.
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Zhang, Wenjing. "Home care for older people in urban China : an analysis of the marketisation process." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/1b05c82f-473f-4fd4-8749-1052e4121fb0.
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The reforms of care for older people have been embarked upon in China as a result of the dramatic demographic and socio-economic changes since the 1980s. Home care is proposed to fulfil the rising care deficit for older people, while the market plays an increasingly active role in the field of care in urban China. This thesis aims to examine how home care policy and practice are shifting in the marketisation context. A qualitative case study approach has been adopted for the empirical research in Shanghai. Semi-structured interviews with home care providers and local government officials compose the main data source, while policy documents, secondary data and literature have been reviewed to support the analysis. This thesis provides an in-depth exploration of the policy process and policy implementation gap, the shifting dynamics in the mixed economy of care and the re-conceptualisation of ageing and care in the marketisation context. Findings suggest that home care is central to the Chinese care regime and reveal the rationale behind it. Illustrating key strategies of the marketisation of care applied in Shanghai, three models of the “quasi-market” are identified based on the fieldwork data, namely the state-controlled model, the limited competition model, and the free market model. Impacts of the marketisation of care are also investigated in relation to care practice and the entire care regime. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the process of marketisation of care in urban China with empirical evidence and theoretical analysis. Based on the findings and discussions, the conclusion indicates implications for care policy and practice in relation to regulation, geographical inequality and filial obligation in the marketisation context and implications for future research.
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Ma, Halil. "Urban opera and contemporary Chinese politics : a case study of the Shanghai Yueju Company marketisation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539691.
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James, Dawn Janette. "Marketising post-1992 universities in the knowledge economy : a value chain approach." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/12592.
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This thesis sets out to examine the impact of marketisation on the value chains of a number of English post-1992 universities between 1992 and 2010. The research focuses on the relationships and interplay between knowledge and value in the context of the knowledge economy and the increasing marketisation of the higher education sector. While the extant global value chain (GVC) literature tends to focus on manufacturing networks and chains, this thesis will argue that (quasi-) public service sector value chains, especially those in higher education provide important cases for study. In-depth interviews with twelve members of the ‘institutional elite’ within the post-1992 sector of higher education, supported by rich documentary analysis, provides compelling evidence for modifications to the existing ‘value chain’ framework in order to better account for the particularities of (quasi-) public services and service work. The research proposes a typology designed to capture fragmented and commodified knowledge, and its practical manifestations, generated within the higher education sector. Beyond this, it attempts to rationalise the notion of value (in the context of the value chain framework) with the production, diffusion and dissemination of knowledge for higher education institutions. The study also develops a broad value chain for the post-1992 sector of higher education to explore the robustness of the conceptual ‘value chain’ framework for similar organisations. The research concludes that marketisation has indeed in part been responsible for encouraging universities to re-structure their value chains. It also challenges the conceptual reach of the existing ‘value chain’ framework by making a number of insightful observations regarding the nature of (higher education) service activities. Specifically, it identifies a number of underplayed factors including (1) the treatment of knowledge and value (2) ‘institutional elites’ (3) ‘ideology as governance’ (4) the (quasi-) public service sector and (5) place as having particular consequences for the conceptualisation of (quasi-) public service sector value chains.
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Guo, Ming. "Making a Market out of a Welfare State : Swedish Local Politicians’ Perspectives on Elderly Care Marketisation." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142342.
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Market reforms have quite notably been used as a solution to increase the quality of public services and efficiency since the 1990s. Sweden has also introduced marketisation in the field of elderly care since 1992 to cope with increasing care needs while maintaining costs at a reasonable level. Yet, the introduction of a market mechanism in the welfare state is subject to increasing political and public debates. Many are sceptical about the purported benefits of a market, such as increased quality and reduced costs, as proposed by New Public Management. There have also been increasing critiques of the profit-making in care services in recent years. After two decades of marketisation, it is worthwhile to map out local politicians’ attitude patterns, namely, how they perceive the use of a market or quasi-market in a welfare state, where the market mechanism might challenge traditional principles such as universalism, solidarity, and equality. Complementary to studies on attitudes of public welfare, this research uses a unique survey dataset from 2014 to expand current understandings of politicians’ perspectives of marketisation. To be more specific, this study analyses three different aspects of marketisation: production, regulation, and financing. The results show that attitudinal differences between left- and right-wing politicians on private for-profit providers remain distinct. Political orientations of individuals, political majority in municipalities, and the privatisation level already achieved locally are identified as important factors in explaining local politicians’ willingness to privatise further. The preference differences continue to exist between the two blocs, and political ideology plays a major role in explaining these differences, more so than individual factors such as age, gender, or working position. Self-reported answers reveal that political ideology influences attitude formation. To a large extent, left- and right-wing politicians agree on welfare principles such as universalism, and they both recognise potential impacts that the market could have on society, such as inequality. It seems plausible that welfare state pluralism is the direction of the future. This case study serves as a solid example for examining the market development of public welfare in advanced welfare states and also contributes to the discussion of the potential role of political ideology in post-austerity welfare reforms.Marknadsreformer har i ökande grad använts som en lösning för att öka effektiviteten och kvaliteten på offentliga tjänster sedan 1990-talet. I Sverige har också en gradvis marknadsanpassning ägt rum från tidigt 1990-tal med syfte att klara av ökade vårdbehov och för att upprätthålla kostnaderna på en rimlig nivå. Införandet av marknadsmekanismer i välfärdsstaten har blivit föremål för en livlig offentlig debatt. Många debattörer har varit klart skeptiska till de påstådda fördelarna med en marknadsanpassning, såsom förbättrad kvalitet och reducerade kostnader, som bland annat hävdats av New Public Managementskolans anhängare. Samtidigt har också skett en växande kritik av vinstuttagen och vinsttillväxten inom offentligfinansierad vård och omsorg de senaste åren. Efter två årtionden av marknadsanpassning är det motiverat att kartlägga lokalpolitikernas attityder, avseende hur de ser på den ökande marknadsanpassningen av den traditionella välfärdsstaten, där marknadsmekanismen kan utmana principer som universalism, solidaritet och jämställdhet. Förutom tidigare analyser av attityder beträffande offentlig välfärd är denna studie baserad på en unik enkätundersökning riktad till svenska kommunpolitiker genomförd 2014 i syfte att undersöka politikernas syn på de ökade marknadsinslagen inom offentlig äldreomsorg. Studien analyserar tre olika aspekter av marknadsanpassningen: produktion, reglering och finansiering. Resultatet visar att skillnaderna i attityder mellan vänster - och högerpolitiker avseende inslaget av privata vinstdrivande tjänsteleverantörer är mycket tydligt. Individernas politiska tillhörighet, politisk majoritet i kommunerna och privatiseringsnivån identifieras som viktiga faktorer för att förklara lokala politikernas villighet att öka privatiseringsgraden ytterligare. Det finns tydliga preferensskillnader mellan de två blocken och den politiska ideologin spelar en övergripande roll, medan individuella faktorer som ålder, kön eller politisk position spelar en klart mindre roll. Att ideologin är viktig konfirmeras även av politikernas självskattning avseende vilken betydelse olika faktorer har haft för deras attityder. I hög grad finns en samstämmighet mellan vänster- och högerpolitiker avseende välfärdsprinciper som universalism, och både blocken anser att marknaden kan bidra till ökad ojämlikhet i samhället. Det verkar troligt att välfärdsstatspluralismen är riktningen för framtiden. Denna fallstudie kan utgöra ett exempel för studier av marknadsanpassning i offentlig välfärd i avancerade välfärdsstater. Studien kan också bidra till diskussioner om den politiska ideologins potentiella roll för reformer av välfärdsstaten.
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Eagle, Lynne Carol. "Education reforms: The marketisation of education in New Zealand. Human capital theory and student investment decisions." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9950433.
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This thesis traces the development of the New Zealand education reforms which began in the late 1980s from their ideological and theoretical foundations, especially those of human capital theory, through policy development and implementation. Polytechnic business programmes are used as a case study to illustrate the impact of the reforms and of one of the principal mechanisms by which the reforms were expected to be implemented-the National Framework. Evidence is provided that leads to policy questions regarding the implementation of the Framework under the aegis of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority. These concerns include competency based learning and administration and delivery complexities. The links between the reform intentions and the actuality of implementation are also examined. The assumption that the education reforms are expected to have significant impact on the country's economic performance is examined and factors which impact on workplace organisation and productivity and which may constrain the effects of improved worker education and training are discussed. The instrument of ‘the market’ as a means of achieving both efficiencies and effectiveness in tertiary education is also reviewed. There appears to be an absence of a common understanding of the nature, composition and behaviour of education markets. Indicative evidence is also provided regarding the complexity of student investment decisions with regard to tertiary education decisions. This study provides evidence to support human capital theory as a force influencing the decision to undertaken tertiary education, but as part of a much more complex model of the tertiary education decision making process than it would appear that policy makers have considered. Evidence is presented that leads to questions regarding the assumption that industry will take ownership of the reform processes. Evidence is presented of industry indifference and inertia to the reforms. Recommendations for the re-examination of developments to date are made, together with research programmes to provide a sound empirical base for future policy making. Without a structured critical review of the reform intentions versus the emerging actuality, there is a danger that the reforms may, in part at least, prove to be both inefficient and ineffectual.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Sargeant, Richard A. "The impact of marketisation on the professional lives and identities of Black practitioners in UK further education." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10296/.
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The extent to which marketisation has impacted on the professional lives and career development of black practitioners within UK further education has been largely overlooked. Most studies have assumed a homogeneity of experience of the managerialism which resulted from the enactment of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. Using a phenomenological approach, this study explores the experiences of ten black educators within further education, interpreted from their narrated professional life stories. The respondents revealed the clash between race and markets and the impact which this had both on their own careers, and on the opportunities offered to black students within further education. The research reveals the professional identities taken up by the ten respondents in response to marketisation, and develops a new typology of black professional identity which demonstrates the plurality of responses amongst black educators, and the consequences of taking up particular identities on career development. This study also reveals that, despite national initiatives which claim to be designed to increase the diversity of the further education workforce, most respondents were either leaving, or were seeking to leave, the further education sector. This study gives voice to the changes to policy and practice which respondents considered essential if race equality is to be delivered within further education, and seeks to render visible the experiences and concerns of a largely overlooked cohort within the further education workforce.
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Liang, Yiyong. "Corporate governance of the football industry : the stakeholder approach towards the game's marketisation and professionalisation in China." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2014. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/90/.
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Sports governance has been given greater consideration over the course of the last 30 years due primarily to the global trend of the increasing levels of sports commercialisation, and professionalisation. Despite this, there are varieties of sport governing models existing in different countries built against the difficult backgrounds of their own historical, cultural and economical development. The stakeholder approach has become a trend for improving not only corporate governance standards in many industries but also in sports worldwide. The application of stakeholder theory to sports governance ensures sports are developed within a necessarily transparent system and a balanced power structure. More importantly, it ensures that decisions are made based on the interest of the majority of stakeholders and for the best interest of sports. When this approach is applied to sport management, it helps a sports organisation increase commercial awareness in terms of addressing the needs of different stakeholders and thus benefits the organisation’s overall goal development and its long-term success. Alongside the rapid growth of the Chinese economy, sports development in China has also gradually attracted interest from the West. With regard to Chinese football - the most popular sport in the country, and the first sport to go the professional route under the market economy, the Chinese football market has been seen as an untapped territory with big business potential. It is not only attracting domestic investors but also global firms. This thesis explores the impact of transitional changes within China’s football modernisation process and the governance structure, by looking at the Chinese response to the football development trend of professionalisation and commercialisation. It is a novel explorative study on Chinese football, employing the framework of stakeholder theory to illustrate the transitional process. The data collected from interviews with other sources available in both Chinese and English, was qualitatively analysed and the findings provide evidence of stakeholder relationships between the Chinese Football Association (CFA) and local football associations (FAs), between the CFA and clubs, and between clubs and fans, which identify modern conflicts, occurring within the current Chinese football industry during this development phase. The discussion, based on evidence, is also able to suggest appropriate governance responses for the Chinese game at different levels in order to face challenges ahead.
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Ayres, Russell, and n/a. "Policy markets in Australia." University of Canberra. Management and Policy, 2001. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050418.124214.
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Are there policy markets in Australia, and if so, how do they operate? This is the core question for this dissertation. Beginning with a focus on this simple formulation of the problem, the thesis explores the idea of policy markets, breaking it down into its constituent parts��policy� and �markets��and develops four different ways in which policy markets (i.e. markets for policy analysis, research and advice) might be modeled: 1. the dimensions of knowledge, values and competition in policy development systems and processes; 2. a hierarchy of policy markets according to strategic, programmatic and operational concerns; 3. policy markets in the context of cyclical process models of policy-making, especially the variant posited by Bridgman and Davis (1998); and 4. a typology of policy markets ranging from �pseudo� forms through to a form of full (or �pure�) policy market. Against the background of this theory-building, the empirical evidence�which was gathered through a combination of documentary investigation and some 77 interviews with senior public servants, consultants and ministers�is addressed through three interrelated approaches: an analysis of the (relatively limited) government-wide data; a comparison of this material with experience in New Zealand; and a set of three extended case studies. The three case studies address the idea and experience of policy markets from the point of view of: � the supplier�in this case, the economic forecasting and analysis firm, Access Economics; � ministers-as-buyers�through a study of the Coalition Government�s 1998 efforts to reform the waterfront; and � the bureaucracy as implementers of an extensive program of outsourcing�through a detailed examination of the outsourcing of corporate services (especially human resource management) by the Department of Finance and Administration. Several conclusions are drawn as to the character, extent and theoretical and practical significance of policy markets in Australia. While various elements of actual markets (e.g. contracts, price and service competition, multiple sources of supply, etc.) can be detected in the Australian approach to
policy-making, policy markets are not as prevalent or as consistent as the rhetoric might suggest. In particular, while the language of the market is a common feature throughout the Australian policy-making system, it tends to mask a complex, �mixed economy�, whereby there is a continued preference for many of the mechanisms of bureaucratic ways of organising for policy analysis, combined with a growing challenge from various forms of networks, which are sometimes �dressed� as markets but retain the essential elements of policy (or, perhaps more particularly, political) networks. Nevertheless, the growing use of the language and some of the forms of the market in Australia�s policy-making system suggests that practitioners and researchers need to take this form into account when considering ways of organising (in the case of practitioners) or ways of studying (for researchers) policy development in Australia.
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Simpson, Mary Louisa. "Organisational transformations in the New Zealand retirement village sector: A critical-rhetorical and -discursive analysis of promotion, community, and resident participation." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2666.
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This thesis examines quotcustomer-focusedquot communication and resident participation within the retirement village sector which is one part of the increasingly quotmarketisedquot aged-care services in New Zealand. In this respect the sector is no different from other domains of consumer life where marketing-oriented organisations aim to find out what their customers want and give it to them. This research examines communication related to customer-focused organisational activities and residents' enactment of participation within retirement village organisation (RVO) settings with respect to these processes of marketisation. Taking a critical-interpretive perspective, the thesis undertakes a collective case study involving two major New Zealand RVOs. Both organisations were defined as quotretirement villagesquot within the meaning of the Retirement Villages Act 2003, established in the 1990s, and offered quotretirement livingquot independent housing and apartments across a range of locations. A significant part of the study also examined publicly available promotional material from six RVOs operating multiple sites in various New Zealand locations. This thesis explores retirement villages as co-productions between the corporate entities that develop and market villages and the residents who live in them. The thesis also explores RVO rhetoric about quotretirement living for active 55 plusquot, RVO enactment of customer focused communication and activities, and residents responses to and expectations of both. It is argued that this co-production has implications for residents' participation, their roles and relationships with employees, as well as for organisational communication processes and structures. The rhetorical and critical discourse analysis reveals the complexity of what quotparticipationquot means for the residents. Through a close examination of these meanings, the thesis extends current understandings of relationships between quotcustomersquot and quotcustomer-focusedquot organisations and highlights the role of older people in Western Society as co-producers of the very product they purchase: the retirement village. It also raises practical and theoretical issues for organisational communication. At the practical level it highlights how communication messages, structures and processes within RVOs experience tensions in meeting the needs of both internal, current, and long-term customers, and external, potential, and future customers. The thesis offers insights into issues of individual action and freedom within the frame of market-driven and avowedly quotcustomer-focusedquot organisations and consequently suggests a reconsideration of participation in organisations in which customers are also quotinsidersquot.
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Foley, Merric Lucien. "The Legal Basis for the Globalisation of China's Oil and Gas Sector." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27467.
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This thesis examines the global diffusion of regulatory norms within the oil and gas sector by reference to the People’s Republic of China. This thesis examines two related questions around the process of China’s regulatory reform. First, during crucial periods of reform, Chinese policymakers learnt from abroad, taking global legal concepts, norms and structures and adapting them to address domestic challenges. Despite these global influences, why did China’s oil and gas sector evolve a distinctive regulatory and market structure? Second, why did regulatory convergence stall even as the domestic sector became increasingly integrated into global markets?
To answer these questions, this thesis examines three periods of regulatory reform – the early 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. Reform periods were initiated by a catalysing domestic production shock, the nature of which demonstrated the insufficiency of the existing regulatory paradigm and pushed regulatory change in an international direction. But official attitudes towards energy security, which traditionally emphasised self-sufficiency, proved more resistant to change. I argue that this disjuncture created a tension with the reform process. Even as policymakers sought to integrate domestic oil and gas markets into the global system, they also sought to develop institutions to manage this relationship. Over time, policymakers proved adept at selectively adopting global legal concepts and adapting them to local conditions.
This framework further explains why regulatory reform stalled in the early 2000s, even as China was most integrated into global markets. While domestic problems still arose (and still demanded solutions), the 1990s reforms had equipped China with a regulatory framework capable of effectively the domestic-global market relationship. As such, reform pressure receded.
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Bredehoeft, Janin. "The political economy of academic labour markets: How marketisation policies enforce labour market segmentation in Australia and Germany." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19673.
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The marketisation of higher education has transformed academic labour markets and challenges comparative political economy theory. This thesis explores the tensions between predicted and actual developments of academic labour markets in the liberal Australian and the German corporatist welfare state. It compares the emergence of marketisation policies and their impact on academic labour market developments between 1980-2012 in the two contrasting national higher education systems. The central argument of this thesis is that states develop similar marketisation policies despite clearly different institutional configurations. While these policies are tailored to nationally specific regimes, nevertheless in each case they have triggered the segmentation of academic labour markets into a secure primary and a precarious secondary market. The quantitative evidence shows a growing gap between secure and precarious employment and demonstrates that academic labour markets are more secure in the Australian liberal than in the German coordinated welfare state. This contradicts the premises of comparative political economy and shows that similar marketisation policies, converging processes and outcomes emerge beyond institutional particularities. In accordance with scholars from the new political economy of higher education, this thesis suggests that a combined analysis of macro and micro approaches from the comparative political economy and the sociology of higher education disciplines provide useful means of theorising the changing structures of higher education and academic labour markets.
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Roumpakis, Antonis. "From democratisation to marketisation : A comparative historical study of the Swedish, German and British pension systems and funds." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516903.
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Tsai, Hui-Ju. "Creative industries policy in Taiwan : the effects of neoliberal reform." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36207.
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Since 2002 Taiwan has transformed its cultural policy, following the lead of the UK's creative industry discourse in particular and neoliberal policy regimes in general. This thesis investigates the processes through which neoliberal thinking shaped changing cultural policy and the impact this has had on cultural workers and practices in Taiwan s cultural landscape. I examined policy making documents and interviewed a range of involved actors, including government officials and cultural workers to learn more about the policy process and its impact. The research argues that the creative economy has heavily influenced the development of cultural policy discourse and generally failed to promote the public interest in Taiwan. The results of neoliberalisation have been embodied in several salient characteristics such as the privatisation of public space, marketisation of public subsidy and investment, commercialisation of higher education, and flexibilisation of cultural labour market. I argue that cultural policy needs to be reshaped to represent the public interests and diversity of our cultural landscape.
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Wang, Zhi Hui. "The impact of marketisation on higher education in post-Mao China, with case studies of universities in Yunnan Province." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/141/.
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An important component of the New Public Management, which has spread through many countries in the world, is the emergence of hybrid governance, a structure which has replaced traditional hierarchical governance in many parts of the public sector. Hybrid governance lies between hierarchical governance and market governance, yet beyond this there is a relative lack of information on how hybrid governance works in detail. This thesis uses principal agent theory to examine the structure and form of hybrid governance. In particular, the analysis presented allows the construction of a three-dimensional governance model to explore the issue of how hybrid governance works in the context of incentives, a relatively neglected area of the public management literature. Applying the theory developed in its first half to the rapid change of higher education in China, this thesis demonstrates how hybrid governance can be analysed through an incentive approach which focuses on reducing state authority, enhancing academic power and creating market rewards. The research findings show that the Chinese government has employed these three incentive methods to motivate universities and their staff towards improved performance, and that hybrid governance has replaced traditional hierarchical governance in Chinese higher education, however the effect of changing governance structure is not significant. A reducing, but still high degree of centralised state control has restricted the incentives produced from market rewards and university academics, and the imbalance of the three incentive forces in hybrid governance impairs the further improvement of the efficiency of public service provision. The main contributions of this thesis, therefore, are to give a better understanding of the nature of hybrid governance, and to expose the limit of Chinese higher education reforms.
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Davies, Christopher Dominic Stephen. "An investigation into the impact of the marketization of further education on individual teacher identities using visual images, metaphors and narrative to analyse and evaluate the key themes and discourses." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/622070.
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Teacher identity (Ti) is an important concept in helping to understand the variety of inter-connected influences that impact on the professional lives of teachers in further education (FE). Ti is under researched within the FE sector and is used in this study to analyse the impact of the marketization of FE (post-incorporation) on the roles of individual teachers and teacher managers. The study takes an interpretive stance using visual metaphors and the narratives of participant teachers, linked to their roles, and teaching journeys, to analyse and evaluate changes to professionalism and individual agency in response to the marketization of the sector. Key literature on Ti in FE, professionalism and teacher agency were used to develop an understanding of the effects of marketization in relation to the main question and market theory provided a lens through which to consider marketization in context. The findings identified the individualised nature of the effects of marketization on the identities of teachers and how they interpreted their roles. These were seen through different levels of teacher agency and changes to professionalism in response to managerialism and the altered culture of the colleges in the study. A summative conceptualisation of Ti in an FE context was developed, which provided an insight into the potential strategies adopted by staff in relation to marketization and the main question set for this study.
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Marston, Gregory James. "'Bad tenants can pack their bags' : a critical discourse analysis of the marketisation and the moralisation of public housing policy /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16157.pdf.
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Ahn, Im Joon. "The political economy of digital broadcasting : the case of South Korea." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7903.
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The main objective of this thesis was to examine three key questions concerning the political economy of digital broadcasting. First, the concept of digital broadcasting and its regulatory issues were investigated. Following the review of the related theories, I proposed a political economy of digital broadcasting framework as a theoretical perspective. Second, the factors influencing global digital broadcasting were examined. This research has investigated the main factors that influenced the regulatory changes and hardware and software markets around digital broadcasting at a global level. Finally, as a case study, I explore why and how the Korean government introduced digital broadcasting, setting this against the wider background of changing state-market relations. Various stakeholders have been involved in the digitisation of broadcasting at the national and global level. This process follows and forms the changing political economic configuration of the broadcasting industry of the nation-state facing neoliberal globalisation. To achieve the aims, the thesis uses archival research, questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews. I argue that the digitisation of broadcasting in South Korea has reflected the changing power relationships among state, market and. civil society in democratisation and globalisation. The consumer electronics manufacturers, telecommunication companies and the Ministry of Information and Communication have played pivotal roles in the introduction of digital broadcasting. The public broadcasters, press union and some civic organisations have played alternative roles in the process. In so doing, the role of the state has changed from one of authoritarian market formation to non-authoritarian market formation, market adjustment and coordinating different interests. The Korean state has the contradictory features of a neoliberal state, which has deregulated some areas such as broadcasting, telecommunications and financial markets, and played a role of entrepreneurial government at the same time.
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Coleman, Amelia. "Different, threatening and problematic: Representations of non-mainstream religious schools." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/109754/1/Amelia_Coleman_Thesis.pdf.
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The political contexts of marketisation, multiculturalism and pluralism have influenced the emergence of niche, religious providers of education in Australia with increasing government support. The most substantive increases in enrolments within the non-mainstream religious school sector have been in Islamic schools and schools catering to "fundamentalist" Christian denominations. Concomitantly, non-mainstream religious schools have received considerable media attention in Australia. This study involves a comparison of the media reportage focusing on Muslim schools and "fundamentalist" Christian schools during a 12 month period in which Muslim schools across the country received significant media attention after they were threatened with funding cuts. It is suggested that exploring how different categories of non-mainstream religious schools are represented in the media could become a proxy for understanding how the Australian public are invited to perceive these schools.
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Dobeson, Alexander. "Hooked on Markets : Revaluing Coastal Fisheries in Liberal Rural Capitalism." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277871.
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Natural resource–based economies are typically embedded in rural networks of production. In recent years, however, the privatisation of access rights and the organisation of markets have substantially transformed some of these rural economies. By using the case of the Icelandic coastal fisheries, this ethnographic study shows, on one hand, how property rights–based management regimes and markets have reconfigured rural economies by disentangling fishers from their community ties, leading to increasing investment and technological development in the industry. On the other hand, the case shows how daily economic ‘coping’ has re-entangled fishers in a web of money-mediated relations that have economised economic expectations from cost-awareness to increasing profit-making in the industry. This economisation of the fisheries’ economy, however, not only reconfigures forms of coordination and network ties, but also changes the social practices that lie at the heart of economic value itself: fishing and processing. Hence, the study shows how artisanal and labour-intensive industries cope with the ‘primacy of the economy’ not only by rationalising their operations towards economic efficiency, but also by recontextualising traditional forms of knowledge and technology for the collective construction of a new 'quality'-oriented market-niche. The consequences of this coping, however, are twofold: while on one hand this development has led to the valorisation of line-caught fish, coastal fisheries have become objects of financial speculation, leading to a paradoxical cycle of investment and technological problem-solving that is pushing the temporal and spatial boundaries of coastal fisheries in local networks of production. As a consequence, the meaning of ‘small boats’ as social backbone and symbol of rural independence is being contested. This study is not only of interest to scholars dealing with processes of economisation and marketisation of rural networks of production and natural resources, but also for those interested more generally in the role of markets, technology and changing economic practices of evaluation and valuation in contemporary capitalism.
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Ferreira, Mariana Ribeiro Jansen. "Tendências e contratendências de mercantilização: as reformas dos sistemas de saúde alemão, francês e britânico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-06042016-142523/.
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Ao longo dos últimos trinta anos, entre meados das décadas de 1980 e 2010, os sistemas de saúde da Alemanha, França e Reino Unido foram reformados, gerando uma crescente mercantilização no financiamento e na prestação de serviços. O trabalho analisa as raízes dessas mudanças, assim como identifica que a mercantilização não ocorreu nem mediante os mesmos mecanismos e nem com a mesma profundidade, havendo importante inércia institucional. As diferenças observadas atestam as especificidades de cada país, em termos de seu contexto econômico, de seus arranjos políticos, das características institucionais de cada sistema e das formas que assumiram os conflitos sociais (extra e intra sistema de saúde). Os sistemas de saúde alemão, francês e britânico, enquanto sistemas públicos de ampla cobertura e integralidade, são frutos do período após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Um conjunto de fatores contribuiu para aquele momento histórico: os próprios impactos do conflito, que forjaram a ampliação na solidariedade nacional e a maior pressão por parte dos trabalhadores; a ascensão socialista na União Soviética; o maior apoio à ação e ao planejamento estatal; o forte crescimento econômico, fruto da emersão de um regime de acumulação fordista, pautado na expansão da produtividade. A acomodação do conflito capital-trabalho, neste contexto, ocorreu mediante a expansão dos salários reais e ao desenvolvimento do Estado de bem-estar social, ou seja, de políticas públicas voltadas à criação e/ou ampliação de uma rede de proteção social. No entanto, a crise econômica da década de 1970 corroeu a base de financiamento e gerou questionamentos sobre sua eficiência, em meio à transformação do regime de acumulação de fordista para financeirizado, levando à adoção de reformas constantes ao longo das décadas seguintes. Além disso, as transformações específicas do setor saúde complexificaram a situação, tendo em vista o crescente envelhecimento populacional, a demanda por cuidados mais amplos e complexos e, principalmente, os custos derivados da incorporação tecnológica. Este cenário impulsionou a implementação de uma série de alterações nesses sistemas de saúde, com destaque para a incorporação de mecanismos de mercado (como a precificação dos serviços prestados, a indução à concorrência entre prestadores de serviços), o crescimento da responsabilidade dos usuários pelo financiamento do sistema (como o aumento nos co-pagamentos e a redução na cobertura pública) e a ampliação da participação direta do setor privado na prestação dos serviços de saúde (realizando os serviços auxiliares, a gestão de hospitais públicos, comprando instituições estatais). No entanto, de forma simultânea, as reformas ampliaram o acesso e a regulamentação estatal, além da modificação na base de financiamento, principalmente na França. Isto significa que a mercantilização não foi o único direcionamento das reformas, em decorrência de dois fatores principais: a própria crise econômica expulsou parcela da população dos mecanismos pós-guerra de proteção à saúde, demandando reação estatal, e diferentes agentes sociais influenciaram nas mudanças, bloqueando ou ao menos limitando um direcionamento mercantil único.Over the last thirty years, between mid-1980 and 2010 decades, Germany, France and the United Kingdom healthcare systems have been renovated, creating a growing marketisation in the financing and provision of services. This Thesis analyzes the roots of these changes, and identifies that marketisation did not take place or by the same mechanisms nor with the same depth, with important institutional inertia. The observed differences attest to the specificities of each country in terms of its economic context, their political arrangements, the institutional characteristics of each system and the different social conflicts (intra and extra healthcare system). The German, French and British health systems, while public systems of broad coverage and completeness, are the result of the period after the II World War. A number of factors have contributed to that historic moment: the very impact of the conflict, which forged the expansion on national solidarity and greater pressure from workers; the rise of socialism in the Soviet Union; a bigger support for action and state planning; strong economic growth, thanks to the emergence of a Fordist accumulation regime, based on the productivity expansion. The accommodation of the capital-labor conflict in this context occurred through the real wages expansion and the development of the Welfare State, ie public policies for the creation and / or expansion of a social safety net. However, the 1970s economic crisis eroded the funding base and raised questions about its effectiveness amid the transformation of Fordist accumulation regime in a finance-led one, leading to adoption of constant reforms over the next several decades. In addition, specific health sector transformation complicate the situation, given the growing population aging, the demand for broader and more complex care, and especially the costs derived from technological resources. This scenario boosted the implementation of a number of changes in the three systems, with emphasis on the incorporation of market mechanisms (such as the pricing of services, the induction of competition between service providers), the growth of the responsibility of users for funding the system (such as the increase in co-payments and the reduction in public coverage) and the expansion of the direct participation of the private sector in the provision of health services (performing ancillary services, public hospitals management, purchasing state institutions). However, simultaneously, the reforms expanded access and state regulation in addition to the change in funding base, mainly in France. This means that marketisation was not the only direction of the reforms, due to two main reasons: the very economic crisis drove portion of the population of postwar health protection mechanisms, requiring state reaction, and different actors influenced the changes, blocking or at least limiting a single market direction.
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English, Rebecca Maree. "School choice in a new market context: A case study of The Shelbyville College." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16027/1/Rebecca_English_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Since the 1990s in Australia, education policies have created an environment in which competition among schools has increased and parental choice of school has been encouraged. This has been coupled with practices of corporatisation, marketisation and performativity, which have led to the proliferation of a new type of independent school, which operate in the outer suburbs of large cities, target a specific niche market, and charge low cost fees.
This study examines the reasons parents are making the choice to send their children to a new, non-government schools in preference to other alternatives and the role of promotional material produced by the school in that choice. The case study of one such school, The Shelbyville College, involved in-depth interviewing of parents at the College as well as a Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough) of the College's prospectus and website which act as performative tools to measure the school's effectiveness in the market.
Using Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and cultural capital, the study showed that parents interviewed were choosing this type of school to increase the educational and social status and career prospects of their children as 'extraordinary children'. Through such discourses, parents as consumers of particular schooling products and their engagement with the promotional activities of the College are produced as 'good parents'. Seeking and engaging with promotional material helped remove any dissonance that may occur from a long and expensive relationship with the institution. In choosing this particular school, parents were seeking 'good Christian values' and the freedom to actively engage in their children's education.
The College, through its promotional efforts, promises to build on familial habitus and inculcate valued cultural capital in order to make students more successful academically and socially than their parents. The promotional materials of the website and prospectus emphasised the co-curricular involvement in music, speech and drama and invite parents into a discourse of success through the College's educational offering which creates 'extraordinary children'. The uniform mandated by the College is another 'text' in the production of extraordinary children as outlined in the prospectus and website and is an important site for identity production. The uniform demonstrates, not only the disciplinary regime and preparation for professional dress, but also the prestige and esteem derived from the consumption of high status products such as non-government schooling.
It is expected that the findings of this study will have relevance for government schools that are the primary competition for new, non-government schools and will lose funding if they continue to lose students. The study will have some implications for CEO (Catholic Education Office) schools that have traditionally provided a low-cost alternative to the government sector. Parents in the study reported choosing the new, non-government school because of differences in values, and perceptions of safety and status improvement offered by these schools. The continued success of the new, non-government schools is also likely to have broader effects on social and educational inequality in Australia through their effects on the government school sector.
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English, Rebecca Maree. "School choice in a new market context: A case study of The Shelbyville College." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16027/.
Full textAbstract:
Since the 1990s in Australia, education policies have created an environment in which competition among schools has increased and parental choice of school has been encouraged. This has been coupled with practices of corporatisation, marketisation and performativity, which have led to the proliferation of a new type of independent school, which operate in the outer suburbs of large cities, target a specific niche market, and charge low cost fees. This study examines the reasons parents are making the choice to send their children to a new, non-government schools in preference to other alternatives and the role of promotional material produced by the school in that choice. The case study of one such school, The Shelbyville College, involved in-depth interviewing of parents at the College as well as a Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough) of the College's prospectus and website which act as performative tools to measure the school's effectiveness in the market. Using Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and cultural capital, the study showed that parents interviewed were choosing this type of school to increase the educational and social status and career prospects of their children as 'extraordinary children'. Through such discourses, parents as consumers of particular schooling products and their engagement with the promotional activities of the College are produced as 'good parents'. Seeking and engaging with promotional material helped remove any dissonance that may occur from a long and expensive relationship with the institution. In choosing this particular school, parents were seeking 'good Christian values' and the freedom to actively engage in their children's education. The College, through its promotional efforts, promises to build on familial habitus and inculcate valued cultural capital in order to make students more successful academically and socially than their parents. The promotional materials of the website and prospectus emphasised the co-curricular involvement in music, speech and drama and invite parents into a discourse of success through the College's educational offering which creates 'extraordinary children'. The uniform mandated by the College is another 'text' in the production of extraordinary children as outlined in the prospectus and website and is an important site for identity production. The uniform demonstrates, not only the disciplinary regime and preparation for professional dress, but also the prestige and esteem derived from the consumption of high status products such as non-government schooling. It is expected that the findings of this study will have relevance for government schools that are the primary competition for new, non-government schools and will lose funding if they continue to lose students. The study will have some implications for CEO (Catholic Education Office) schools that have traditionally provided a low-cost alternative to the government sector. Parents in the study reported choosing the new, non-government school because of differences in values, and perceptions of safety and status improvement offered by these schools. The continued success of the new, non-government schools is also likely to have broader effects on social and educational inequality in Australia through their effects on the government school sector.
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Martin, Jennifer. "KS3/4 Wider curriculum choice : personalisation or social control? : a contemporary study of influences on Year 9 students’ decision-making in an English comprehensive school." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9397.
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This research concerns tensions between ‘personalisation’, a neo-liberal concept adapted by New Labour to empower and motivate students and ‘performativity’, an aspect of governance whereby institutional effectiveness is monitored by statistical outcomes. Their ambiguous reconciliation in Personalised Learning (DfES 2004a) continues to develop in schools and colleges. A research focus on Key Stage 3/4 wider curriculum choice, one of five key but under-researched elements in this policy, provides the opportunity to explore this paradox. Involving an investigation into the recent experience of 14-15 year olds in an inner city English comprehensive school, the degree of equity afforded students in decision-making, based on teacher perceptions of students as achievers and underachievers may reveal conflicting values in the management of this process. Taking an ethnographic approach to case study development, triangulation of method and source is used to test internal validity. Analysis of interview data from a range of pastoral staff provides outline images of the institutional management of student choice. A comparative statistical analysis using data from anonymous student questionnaires provides an independent account of the effects of this interpretation on the student stakeholder role. From the questionnaire sample, qualitative data from twenty student interviews offers further insight into the processing of decisions. Relying on respondent validation procedures throughout, for ethical reasons the identification of student interviewees as ‘achievers’ or ‘underachievers’ is retrospective. Demonstrating how student access to the KS4 optional curriculum operates, the research reveals power differences firstly between the student cohort and ‘gate-keeping’ pastoral staff and secondly between individual students. While some evidence of social control through self-surveillance, implied through Foucauldian criticism of neo-liberal strategies (Rose and Miller 1992) may exist, the extreme social and economic deprivation of the area is used to justify this institutional interpretation of the stakeholder role through the moral imperative of social inclusion.
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Roggendorf, Nadine. "How New Zealand universities present themselves to the public an analysis of communication strategies : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Masters of Arts (MA), 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/472.
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This thesis investigates how the eight state-funded New Zealand universities present themselves in the prospectuses they publish yearly. The background for this research is the fact that the universities now have to compete for students and funding monies because the government has linked the amount of funding to the number of students and the universities’ success in research (McKenzie, 1996). Additionally, student fees and private sources increasingly contribute to the universities’ budget. The entry of competition into the tertiary education sector is a result of recent policy changes that led the education sector from an egalitarian scholarly system with a tradition of open and free access for all citizens to a market-oriented education industry, which contributes considerably to the national economy. This restructuring of the tertiary education sector is part of the major social, political and economic changes that New Zealand went through – and is still going through – beginning with the Fourth Labour Government's second term of office from 1987 to 1990 (Holland & Boston, 1990). The historical background of this thesis focuses on these policy changes that influenced all areas of the public life in New Zealand in the last 25 years. The literature review established that these reforms resulted in processes of commodification of education, competitive marketisation and corporatisation of the universities (Butterworth & Tarling, 1994). The purpose of this thesis is to find evidence of these three tendencies within the language and visual presentation of the university prospectuses. The prospectuses have been chosen as the data corpus because they provide a comprehensive overview of the institutions. Moreover, they represent a hybrid genre of an advertorial text type, being partly informational, partly promotional. The data has been analysed by applying textually-oriented discourse analysis (Fairclough, 1992). Discourse analysis has been proven to be a suitable methodology as it links linguistic analysis to the broader social context. The premise of this approach was that social changes leave traces within the discourse. The data analysis confirmed the intended outcome that the tendencies of commodification, marketisation and corporatisation are visible in the present material. This concludes that the order of discourse of business has colonised the order of discourse of tertiary education.
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Du, Toit Sedik. "Parental Choice in South African High Schools: An urban Cape Town Case Study." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9351_1258028191.
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This study examines how families judge and choose high schools. The review of literature relating to school choice provides a theoretical framework for the study. The review includes an international perspective including both developed countries such as United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Denmark, England and Wales, the Netherlands, Scotland and Sweden, and developing countries including India, Chile, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Mauritania, Senegal, Cote d'Ivoire and South Africa. The context within which school choice occurs in South Africa is examined. This context includes continued influence of Apartheid policies and current legislation including the South African Schools Act, The Admission Policy for Ordinary Schools Act and the Norms and Standards for Schools Funding. The literature review includes a critical analysis of the research, both Local and International, which addresses questions as to which factors are considered when judging and choosing schools, who makes the choice school, when the choice of school is made and which sources of information inform the choice of school. The empirical study examines the process of high school choice in urban Cape Town. The group areas Act and other Apartheid policies have created a situation where the respondents have a large number of high schools from which to chose. The selected area reflects diversity in Socio-Economic status, including both privately owned homes and council rental flats and houses. The study is limited to English medium or dual medium schools in the area. It includes both co-ed and single gender schools.
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Shanks, Emelie. "Managing social work : Organisational conditions and everyday work for managers in the Swedish social services." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-129244.
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The personal social services in Sweden have undergone major changes during recent decades, partly due to the reforms caused by the influence of New Public Management (NPM) and partly due to the trend towards greater specialisation. These changes have had consequences for both social work management and for social work practice. The consequences for practice have gained attention both from research and from the field, but the consequences for managers have rarely been discussed. In this thesis therefore, the attention is directed towards the managers. Inspired by a mixed methods approach, this thesis aims to explore the personal social service managers’ perceptions of their organisational conditions and the content of their everyday work, as well as to interpret the managers’ experiences against the background of NPM influence, increasing specialisation and the specific circumstances that come with managing politically governed organisations. The results show that the personal social service managers in general were former professionals with extensive social work experience. The managerial work was to a great extent perceived as reactive, entailing constant interruptions and acute situations. The managers experienced a heavy workload that appeared to prevent them from engaging in strategic work and leadership to the extent that they would have liked. Substantial proportions of managers were dissatisfied with their own levels of influence compared to that of politicians and, in general, the managers perceived themselves to have more influence regarding aspects that were operational (such as methods and working procedures) compared to aspects related to organisational structure. Through the managers’ descriptions of their relations with politicians, it was revealed that the roles could be muddled, and that both managers and politicians could have difficulties in distinguishing between politics and administration, or politics and profession. Several changes that could be attributed to the influence of NPM were described by the managers. Some changes had consequences for the more technical side of management, e.g. decentralised budget responsibility, increased focus on cost effectiveness and downsizing of support functions. Other changes were more related to the overarching concept of management, which had consequences for the choice of managerial training, the expectations placed on the managers, and to some extent the managers’ own views on what good management should be. Despite the many indications of changes that may be attributed to NPM, an important result in this thesis is that NPM does not appear to have permeated social work to the degree that might have been expected. Rather, there are clear indications of a remaining professional identity among managers on all managerial levels, as well a continuing bureau-professional regime within the personal social services.
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Ahmad, Nyarwi. "Marketisation and professionalisation of campaigning of political parties in the new democracy : an investigation of the structural conditions and factors that determined the development of marketization and professionalization of campaigning of the Indonesian political parties in the Post-Soeharto New Order." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2018. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/30434/.
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This study explores the marketisation and professionalisation of campaigning of political parties. More specifically, it attempts to provide a systematic understanding of the structural conditions and factors that determine such developments in a new democracy. The following propositions commence this study. In new democracies that are indicated by a set of conditions postulated by Strömbäck (2007: 63), Strömbäck (2010: 28-29) and Strömbäck et al. (2012: 86), political parties are likely to adopt marketing principles, procedures and techniques to advance not only market-orientation, but also campaign structure and strategies. However, none of these parties is likely to turn into either market-oriented or the professional-electoral/sales-oriented parties. To evaluate such propositions, this study selected the new democracy of Indonesia as a case study, adopted critical realism as a research philosophy, formulated a holistic conceptual framework and applied a pure-mix of qualitative and the quantitative research methodology. Survey data were collected from marketers/campaigners of 10 Indonesian political parties during the 2014 parliamentary and presidential elections. The in-depth interview data were derived from these parties’ leaders/secretaries, senior editors of the Indonesian media and political consultants and pollsters. These data were combined with reports released by these media and pollsters, the Indonesian research centres and the Indonesian General Election and Broadcasting Commissions. This study reveals that there were ‘structural conditions’, which stimulated the Indonesian political parties Post-Soeharto New Order to develop such practices. In facing these elections, these parties realized the importance of political market arenas and political sub-markets and advanced such practices strategically. None of these parties however, turned into either market-oriented or the professional-electoral/sales-oriented parties. The main finding of this study is that in the emerging democratic countries, which have been ruled under the presidential government system and indicated by the candidate-centred system, such as Indonesia, the party orientations related to such practices seem to be matters of mode and degree rather than of type. The following factors determined such orientations. They include: a) perceptions of the party leaders, candidates and marketers/campaigners regarding the relative importance of the internal party, the media and electoral arenas; b) the party-specific factors, especially, party ideology, size, campaign resources and position in the government and experiences with internal and external shocks; c) the party’s competitive chances to fulfil the minimum number of the presidential election threshold, assemble a political coalition and nominate a pair of presidential candidates; and d) the party presidential candidate-specific factors. This study offers the following novelty theoretical and prescriptive models. The first theoretical model conceptualises the structural conditions and factors that determine developments of marketisation and professionalisation of campaigning of political parties in such countries within and across the parliamentary and presidential elections. The second theoretical model underpins formation of the party presidential candidate-specific factors and theorises its impacts on such developments systematically; while the third theoretical model provides a baseline framework to explore the effects of these aforementioned factors on such developments holistically. The second and the third theoretical models could be transformed into the prescriptive models to help these parties to achieve their goals in these elections effectively. The mainstream centre-right or centre- left parties in the Western democracy could adopt these models, as they want to tactically confront the rises of the radical-right wing populist parties and movements and strategically manage the sustainability of the liberal democratic system and society.
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Guo, Ming. "Faire un marché à partir d'un État-providence : perspectives des politiciens locaux suédois sur la commercialisation des soins aux personnes âgées." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0139/document.
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Les réformes du marché ont notamment été mises en œuvre comme une solution pour améliorer la qualité des services publics et l'efficacité depuis les années 1990. Face à l'augmentation des besoins de soins et afin de maintenir les coûts de soins à un niveau raisonnable, la Suède a également introduit la marchéisation dans le domaine des soins aux personnes âgées depuis 1992. Pourtant, l'introduction d'un mécanisme de marché dans l'État-providence fait l’objet des débats politiques et publics de plus en plus nombreux. Beaucoup sont sceptiques quant aux avantages supposés d'un marché, en termes par exemple d'amélioration de la qualité et de réduction des coûts, tels que proposées par « New Public Management ». Il y a eu également des critiques croissantes sur la rentabilité dans les services de soins ces dernières années.Après deux décennies de marchéisation, il nous paraît nécessaire de recenser les attitudes des politiciens locaux, à savoir comment ils perçoivent le rôle d'un marché ou d'un quasi-marché dans un État providence où le mécanisme du marché pourrait remettre en cause des principes traditionnels tels que l'universalisme, la solidarité et l’égalité. En dehors des études des attitudes sur le bien-être public déjà existantes, cette recherche se base aussi sur un ensemble de données d'enquête uniques construit depuis 2014 et permettra ainsi une compréhension plus profonde et actuelle sur les perspectives de marchéisation chez les politiciens.Précisément, cette étude analyse trois aspects différents de la marchéisation : la production, la réglementation et le financement. Les résultats montrent que les différences d'attitudes sont évidentes entre les politiciens de gauche et de droite à l’égard des prestataires privés à but lucratif. Les orientations politiques des individus, la majorité politique dans les municipalités et le niveau de privatisation déjà atteint localement sont repérés comme des facteurs importants qui expliquent la volonté des politiciens locaux de privatiser davantage ou non. Les différences de préférences continuent à exister entre les deux blocs, et l'idéologie politique joue un rôle majeur dans l'explication de ces différences, plus que des facteurs individuels tels que l'âge, le sexe ou la position de travail. Les réponses autodéclarées révèlent que l'idéologie politique influence la formation des attitudes.Dans une large mesure, les politiciens de gauche et de droite s'accordent sur les principes de bien-être public tels que l'universalisme et tous les deux reconnaissent les impacts potentiels que le marché pourrait avoir sur la société, dont la question de l'inégalité. Il semble plausible que le pluralisme de l'État-providence soit la direction de l'avenir.Cette étude de cas constitue un exemple solide pour examiner le développement du marché du bien-être public dans les États-providence avancés et contribue également à la discussion du rôle potentiel de l'idéologie politique dans les réformes post-austérité sur le bien-être publicMarket reforms have quite notably been used as a solution to increase the quality of public services and efficiency since the 1990s. Sweden has also introduced marketisation in the field of elderly care since 1992 to cope with increasing care needs while maintaining costs at a reasonable level. Yet, the introduction of a market mechanism in the welfare state is subject to increasing political and public debates. Many are sceptical about the purported benefits of a market, such as increased quality and reduced costs, as proposed by New Public Management. There have also been increasing critiques of the profit-making in care services in recent years.After two decades of marketisation, it is worthwhile to map out local politicians’ attitude patterns, namely, how they perceive the use of a market or quasi-market in a welfare state, where the market mechanism might challenge traditional principles such as universalism, solidarity, and equality. Complementary to studies on attitudes of public welfare, this research uses a unique survey dataset from 2014 to expand current understandings of politicians’ perspectives of marketisation.To be more specific, this study analyses three different aspects of marketisation: production, regulation, and financing. The results show that attitudinal differences between left- and right-wing politicians on private for-profit providers remain distinct. Political orientations of individuals, political majority in municipalities, and the privatisation level already achieved locally are identified as important factors in explaining local politicians’ willingness to privatise further. The preference differences continue to exist between the two blocs, and political ideology plays a major role in explaining these differences, more so than individual factors such as age, gender, or working position. Self-reported answers reveal that political ideology influences attitude formation. To a large extent, left- and right-wing politicians agree on welfare principles such as universalism, and they both recognise potential impacts that the market could have on society, such as inequality. It seems plausible that welfare state pluralism is the direction of the future.This case study serves as a solid example for examining the market development of public welfare in advanced welfare states and also contributes to the discussion of the potential role of political ideology in post-austerity welfare reforms
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von, Wachenfelt Helene, and Pettersson Helle Andresen. "Spelar det någon roll att vissa betalar? : Organisering och marknadisering under tio år med studieavgifter - Fallet Lunds universitet." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43439.
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In 2011 Sweden introduced tuition fees for citizens of countries outside the European Union (EU), European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland, choosing to study at Swedish universities. The purpose of this thesis has been to explore how institutions of higher education in Sweden has adapted to this change by studying the case of Lund University. Within Lund University we have studied both centrally placed functions and functions at the Faculty of Engineering and the Faculty of Social Sciences, namely Graduate School. We have performed interviews with teachers as well as administrative staff on different levels. Our study is centred around organization pertaining to marketing and recruitment towards fee-paying students as well as services for fee-paying students during their time of study at Lund University. We have also been interested in finding out whether the relation between the university and the students has changed during the time passed and if there has been any adaptations of the offered education. Our study shows that the tuition fees contributed to a more focused attention on international marketing, the development of new practices within communication and service to international students and the creation of a wider range of international educational programmes. We have also found that administrative staff within the university, to a certain extent, think about students in terms of customers.År 2011 infördes studieavgifter för studenter från tredjeland som valde att studera vid universitetet och högskolor Sverige. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utforska hur lärosäten i Sverige anpassat sig till denna förändring genom att studera fallet Lunds universitet. Inom Lunds universitet har vi studerat funktioner både centralt och på fakultetsnivå, vi har genomfört intervjuer med lärare samt med personer på olika nivåer inom administrationen. Vi har inkluderat både Lunds Tekniska Högskola, LTH, och Graduate School som driver ett antal internationella mastersprogram vid den Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten. I vår studie har vi fokuserat på̊ organisering som berör rekrytering av och marknadsföring mot betalande studenter till universitetet samt servicefunktioner riktade till betalande studenter under studietiden. Vi har även utforskat om relationen till studenterna har förändrats samt om det skett en anpassning av utbildningsutbudet. Vår studie visar att studieavgiftsreformen bidrog till ett ökat fokus på internationell marknadsföring och positionering, att nya praktiker inom kommunikation och service till internationella studenter utvecklats samt att antalet program med internationell rekrytering utökats. Studien visar även att tjänstemän inom universitetet i viss utsträckning tänker på studenter i termer av kunder.
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Tomasson, Hannes. "Reformeringen av Arbetsförmedlingen : En kvalitativ studie om marknadisering av offentlig verksamhet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-90956.
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Marketisation reforms has for a long time been a recurring and debated phenomena, which has recently blossomed by the reform proposal of the Swedish Public Employment Service presented in the so-called “January-agreement”. The aim of this qualitative study is therefor to examine the reform proposal of the Swedish Public Employment Service presented in the “January-agreement” and relate this to marketisation. This will in this study be done by theory consuming of first George Sörensen theory about the impact of globalization on the welfare state, to give a broad view of the cause of marketisation. Then Patrik Halls definition of marketisation within NPM, to explain the meaning and effects of marketisation. And finally, Bo Rothsteins description of the market-equal model, to examine how the creation of legitimacy can be seen as a motive for the reform. The conclusions show that marketisation can describe the reform proposal presented in the January-agreement, which can be seen as a creation of public constructed market with a distinct client focus. Further, the market-equal model shows how the low public confidence for the Swedish Public Employment Service can be seen as a strong motive for some type of marketisation in other to create an increased legitimacy.Marknadisering har länge varit ett återkommande debatterat ämne, som nyligen blommat upp genom reformförslaget av Arbetsförmedlingen i det så kallade Januariavtalet. Målet med denna kvalitativa studie är därför att förklara och analysera reformförslaget i Januariavtalet och relatera det till marknadisering. Det görs i uppsatsen genom en teorikonsumering av först George Sörensens teori om globaliseringens påverkan på välfärdsstaten, som används för att ge en bredare syn av orsaken till marknadisering. Sedan kommer Patrik Halls definition av marknadisering inom NPM användas för att förklara innebörden och effekterna av marknadisering. Till sist används Bo Rothsteins förklaring av den marknadslika modellen, för att förkalkar hur reformförslaget kan motiveras utifrån en legitimitetsaspekt. Uppsatsens huvudsakliga slutsatser är att marknadisering kan förklara reformförslaget i Januariavtalet, som kan ses som ett skapande av en offentlig marknad med tydligt kundfokus. Utifrån den marknadslika modellen kan Arbetsförmedlingens låga förtroende ses som ett strakt motiv för någon form av marknadisering för att skapa legitimitet.
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Lardeau, Matthieu. "Changement institutionnel et managérialisation : transformation de la presse quotidienne nationale française et des pratiques professionnelles journalistiques (1944-2010)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32068.
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La presse de hard news connaît les prémices d’un changement institutionnel qui se traduit en particulier par un processus de managérialisation des modes de gestion des rédactions et des pratiques professionnelles journalistiques. En mobilisant la théorie néo-institutionnelle, nous appréhendons ce phénomène à travers l’analyse de conflits entre logiques institutionnelles définies par des sous-logiques institutionnelles. On peut ainsi constater une érosion de la robustesse de la logique éditoriale dominante (depuis 1944) dans la gestion des rédactions et des activités journalistiques au profit de la logique business ou d’une nouvelle logique hybride managériale (qui combine des éléments des logiques éditoriale et business). A travers principalement des études ethnographiques menées au sein des rédactions de La Croix, de 20 Minutes et du Parisien-Aujourd’hui en France (entre 2007 et 2009), nous proposons une description des profils des journalistes-managers et une analyse de leur pratiques quotidiennes pour montrer le rôle substantiel rempli par ces JM dans ce processus de managérialisation. Par ailleurs, nous identifions les trois situations majeures dans lesquelles se trouvent aujourd’hui les groupes de PQN relativement à ce processus de managérialisation : des rédactions gouvernées par la logique éditoriale qui reste dominante, des rédactions qui connaissent un changement de logique dominante – passant de la logique éditoriale à la logique business – et des rédactions engagées dans une voie médiane caractérisée par la recherche d’une logique institutionnelle hybride en voie de pré-institutionnalisation. Notre analyse socio-historique de ce changement institutionnel de la presse de hard news (entre 1944 et 2010) conduit enfin à proposer une lecture prospective de la lutte sous-jacente pour la détention du pouvoir de direction des groupes de presse que se livrent actionnaires, managers et journalistes et au sein de laquelle nous identifions le rôle central rempli par les JM dans la définition et l’orientation à donner au processus de managérialisationHard news press faces the early beginnings of a deep institutional change through a managerialization process of newsrooms’ and journalistic practices management. Using the new institutionalism theory we assume to scrutinize this change through studying emerging conflicts between institutional logics – and underlying institutional logics – Inside newsrooms. We particularly notice that the strength of the dominant logic (since 1944 in France) – the editorial logic – that traditionally shapes and governs the newsroom and journalistic practices’ management is eroding; thus sometimes the competitive logic – the business logic –appears dominant or a new hybrid logic – combining elements from editorial and business logics – comes up. We have done extensive ethnographic studies inside newsrooms of three French major national newspapers, La Croix, 20 Minutes, and Le Parisien-Aujourd’hui en France (from 2007 to 2009). As a result we offer a first deep description of the characteristics of journalist-managers and analysis of their daily practices, and we show the major role played by these journalist-managers in the managerialization process. We also identify the three major situations that face the French Press groups regarded to managerialization: some newsrooms are still ruled and shaped by the editorial dominant logic; some that face a shift in the dominant logic – from the editorial to the business one; some that experience the attempt to define a hybrid institutional logic that only appears at a proto-institutionalization stage. Our socio-historical analysis of this deep institutional change process that affect the hard news press (from 1944 to 2010) finally invites to consider the evolution of the underlying struggle for power to run the Press firms involving shareholders, managers, and journalists; we assume journalist-managers play and will play the major role in shaping the orientation and content of managerialization process
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Trasciani, Giorgia. "The relationship between public authorities & third sector organisations in changing welfare states : the case of asylum reception services in France and in Italy." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200630_TRASCIANI_837vt58uqiido899ltvzya60yzenx_TH.pdf.
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L'objectif de cette recherche est d'analyser l'évolution des Organisations du Tiers Secteur (OTS) impliqués dans l’offre de un service social, en particulier, l’accueil de demandeurs d’asile. Cette étude se focalise sur la transformation marchand du secteur, la corporatization des structures; et la professionnalisation de ses acteurs. Afin de comprendre ces dynamiques, j'ai formulé la suivante demande de recherche: "sous de fortes pressions institutionnelles, comment les OTS impliqués dans l’offre de services d'accueil des demandeurs d'asile, sont-elles capables de maintenir leur identité organisationnelle, tout en continuant à se distinguer des autres formes d’organisation?”En ordre de répondre à cette question, j'ai appliqué une analyse à plusieurs niveaux (multi-level analysis) et processuelle, basée sur une perspective institutionnelle. Alors que le niveau macro est analysé à travers une approche économique - New Institutional Economics (North, 1991, Williamson 2000), les niveaux méso et micro sont abordés dans une perspective organisationnelle. D’ un point de vue méthodologique, l’ analyse multi-niveaux et processuelle est poursuivie en utilisant une approche de méthodes mixtes. Alors que l’imposition de la concurrence par moyen des marchés publiques et appel à projets est justifiée comme étant capable de permettre d’améliorer l’efficacité du marché, mais ce que on a pu observer par moyen de cette étude c’est que ces mécanismes ouvrent surtout le marché à des entreprises commerciales avec le risque de provoquer une perte du lien relationnel, et la disparition du tissu associatifThe aim of this research is to analyse the business- like evolution of third Sector Organisations (TSOs) My case Study is based on the migration reception system and is a comparison between the Italian and the French case. The sector is particularly interesting, because we can observe a very rapid change, at the institutional, governance and organisational level. The very rapid legislative evolution on migration policies, at national as well as European level, the definition of a quasi-market through the implementation of specific funding instruments with a consequent change in number and kind of actors, are three of the main aspects characterising the evolution of the sector in the last 30 years.In order to understand these dynamics I formulated the following Research Question: “under strong institutional pressures, how are TSOs dealing with asylum seekers reception services, able to maintain their organisational identities, continuing to distinguish themselves from other organisational forms?”Concerning the Analytical framework adopted to study the business like evolution, I applied a multilevel and processual analysis based on an institutional perspective. While the macro level will be analysed through a new institutional economic lens, the meso and micro levels will be tackled through an organisational perspective. Finally, this multilevel and processual analysis will be pursued using a mix methods approach
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Ambrose, Anna. "Att navigera på en skolmarknad : en studie av valfrihetens geografi i tre skolor." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Barn- och ungdomsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-136193.
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Avhandlingen beskriver och analyserar hur skolvalfriheten som policy, det vill säga uppfattad möjlighet och hot tar sig i uttryck i vardaglig praktik. Aspekter av diskurser, praktiker analyseras i avhandlingen utifrån olika aktörers handlingshorisonter. Avhandlingens kontext består av en urbant belägen lokal skolmarknad, inom vilken aktörers praktiker och strategier undersöks. Avhandlingen behandlas således hur ungdomar, familjer och skolprofessionella navigerar skolvalfriheten i en alltmer polariserad och storstadsregion. Teoretiskt ramas studien in av Pierre Bourdieu sociologi samt koncept från det kulturgeografiska fältet. Metodeoliskt bygger avhandlingen på empiri insamlat med etnografiska metoder under läsåret 2012-2013. I de fem empiriska kapitlen diskuteras hur föreställda geografier, skolhabitus, rykten och symboliska gränser förhandlas av studiens aktörer. I det avslutande kapitlet diskuteras och analyseras avhandlingens främsta bidrag. Kapitlet lyfter också några frågeställningar som måste adresseras för ett mer jämlikt utbildningssystem.This thesis explores and analyses how school choices are made and perceived in an urban local school market. The thesis uses concepts from the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and theories working with the concept of place and space. Using ethnographical methods, it explores the geography of school choice, while the empirical material describes and analyses school choices in a local school market structured by socio-economic as well as symbolic boundaries. The five empirical chapters discuss and analyse imaginary geographies, school habitus, hot and cold knowledge, and symbolic boundaries. The concluding chapter discusses the main findings and addresses some questions regarding how to make the educational system more equitable.
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Rieffly, Barbara. "Gli eventi off diffusi sul territorio delle città metropolitane europee : tra strategie di branding urbano e identità locale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3138.
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L'objectif de la thèse est d'analyser le phénomène des événements off, événements urbains alternatifs et indépendants, qui naissent «du bas» à partir des initiatives qui rejettent le système institutionnalisé. Dans la première partie, nous proposons une reconstruction du débat sur les événements urbains contemporains : les principales classifications sont identifiées ; les trois débats dominants sont présentés et le concept de la ville événement est remis en cause. Dans la deuxième partie, nous analysons trois études de cas différents : Marseille 2013 Off (Marseille), Fuorisalone (Milan) et Paratissima (Turin). Au début, ils sont décrits dans leurs éléments constitutifs pour voir le degré «off» de ces événements (naissance et histoire de l'événement ; budget ; partenaires et projet de gouvernance ; acteurs locaux impliqués et relation avec l'événement officiel) ; puis ils sont analysés dans le contexte urbain dans lequel ils sont insérer, pour voir dans quelle mesure les événements off parviennent à être des événements urbains qui font l'identité locale. Les Conclusions, à partir d'une vue d'ensemble des trois études de cas, nous permettent d'analyser les trois événements off dans une perspective comparative qui décrit les caractéristiques communes et les différences qui existent entre eux. Cette analyse nous permet de saisir les configurations des événements off en fonction de leur caractère alternatif et de leurs effets sur les entreprises de « branding » urbain. Enfin, on verra comment, parmi les spécificités de chaque étude de cas examinés, ces mécanismes sont mis en cause par la production d’une image alternative à celle représentée par l'événement officielThe aim of the thesis was to analyze the phenomenon of so-called fringe events, alternative and independent urban events, which arise from bottom-up initiatives that reject the institutionalized system. The first part is dedicated to a reconstruction of the debate on contemporary urban events by identifying the main classifications, the three dominant debates and by discussing the concept of an event city. The second part analyses three different case studies: Marseille 2013 Off (city of Marseille, France), Fuorisalone (city of Milan, Italy) and Paratissima (city of Turin, Italy). At first they are described in their constituent elements (the birth and the history of the event, the budget, the partners and the project governance, the local stakeholders and the relationship with the official event) to see how much those events can be considered "fringe". While later they are analyzed within their urban context to see how far fringe events manage to be urban events that make local identity. The conclusions of the work offer an overview of the three case studies that allow us to analyze the three fringe events in a comparative perspective that describes the common features and differences between them. This analysis allows us to grasp the fringe events configurations based on their alternative nature and their effects on attempts of urban branding. Finally, we will see how from the specifics of each case study examined, these mechanisms are involved in the production of an alternative image to that produced by the official event
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Collet, Boris. "Formation et dynamiques d'une catégorie de marché alternatif : une approche sociogénétique et ethnographique des musiques indépendantes." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR026.
Full textAbstract:
Au cours des dernières décennies, la notion d’indépendance s’est imposée dans un grand nombre de secteurs des industries culturelles et créatives. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l’émergence de la catégorie indépendante au sein du marché musical et à ses dynamiques avec la catégorie dominante en mobilisant les apports théorico-méthodologiques de la sociologie pragmatique dans l’articulation de trois concepts interreliés – marché(s), intermédiation et valeurs. À cet effet, nous avons mené une ethnographie multi-située de quatre ans au contact des acteurs de la scène musicale afin de mettre au jour les principes sous-jacents, c’est-à-dire les fondements axiologiques, qui caractérisent l’indépendance en tant que catégorie culturelle, économique et artistique. En parallèle, nous avons procédé à une analyse sociohistorique afin de comprendre l’émergence et le développement de cette catégorie de marché et d’en établir une périodisation. Nos analyses permettent d’établir que l’indépendance est le lieu de tensions entre plusieurs représentations et d’affrontements idéologiques. De plus, elles confirment le rôle des intermédiaires et de leurs dispositifs dans la catégorisation des marchés et la valorisation des biens. En situant cette recherche au croisement des théories culturelles de la consommation (CCT) et du macromarketing, nous concluons en discutant de la marchandisation de la culture et des formes alternatives de marketization. Nous exposons également les implications pour les acteurs du marché et les institutions dans la mise en place de stratégies commerciales et de politiques culturelles en faisant valoir les spécificités de l’indépendance en tant que mode de production et de consommation alternatif. Cette recherche ouvre ainsi la voie à l’étude des perspectives éthiques de la consommation culturelleThe notion of independence has become prominent in cultural and creative industries over the last decades. In this thesis, we study the emergence of the independent category within the music market and its dynamics with the dominant category by using the theoretical and methodological framework of pragmatic sociology in the articulation of three interrelated concepts - market(s), intermediation and values. To this end, we conducted a four-year multi-sited ethnography of the indie music scene in France and Canada in order to uncover the underlying principles, i.e. the axiological foundations, that characterize independence as a cultural, economic and artistic category. Simultaneously, we carried out a socio-historical analysis in order to understand the emergence and development of this market category and to establish a periodization. Our analyses establish that independence is the site of tensions between several representations and of ideological confrontations. Moreover, they confirm the role of intermediaries and their devices in market categorization and the evaluation of goods. Situated at the intersection of consumer culture theory (CCT) and macromarketing, this research discusses the commodification of culture and alternative forms of marketization. We also present the implications of our analysis for market actors and institutions in the implementation of commercial strategies and cultural policies, highlighting the specificities of independence as an alternative mode of production and consumption. Finally, this research paves the way for the study of the ethical perspectives of cultural consumption
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Ellis, Vaughan. "From commitment to control : a labour process study of workers' experiences of the transition from clerical to call centre work at British Gas." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/369.
Full textAbstract:
Despite their continuing importance to the UK economy and their employment of significant numbers of workers from a range of professions, the utilities have received scant attention from critical scholars of work. This neglect represents a missed opportunity to examine the impact of nearly twenty years of privatisation and marketisation on workers, their jobs and their unions. This thesis aims to make a contribution to knowledge here by investigating, contextualising and explaining changes in the labour processes of a privatised utility in the United Kingdom. The research is informed by oral history methods and techniques, rarely adopted in industrial sociology, and here used alongside labour process theory to reconstruct past experiences of work. Drawing on qualitative data sets, from in-depth interviews with a cohort of employees who worked continuously over three decades at the research site, British Gas’s Granton House, and on extensive company and trade union documentary evidence the research demonstrates how British Gas responded to restrictive regulation and the need to deliver shareholder value by transforming pre-existing forms of work organisation through introducing call centres. The call centre provided the opportunity for management to regain control over the labour process, intensify work and reduce costs. In doing so, the study identifies the principal drivers of organisational change, documents the process of change evaluates the impact on workers’ experience. Thus, as a corrective to much recent labour process theory the research offers both an ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ account of change over an extended time. The contrast between workers’ experience of working in the clerical departments and in the call centre could not be starker. Almost every element of work from which workers derived satisfaction and purpose was abruptly dismantled. In their place workers had to endure the restrictive and controlling nature of call centre work. The relative absence of resistance to such a transformation is shown to be a consequence of failures in collective organisation, rather than the totalisation of managerial control, as the postmodernists and Foucauldians would have it.