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Journal articles on the topic 'Marketing expenditure'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Sahay, Arvind, and Anandan Pillai. "Differential impact of advertising and distribution expenditure on Tobin's Q." Journal of Indian Business Research 1, no. 2/3 (June 5, 2009): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17554190911005309.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of components of marketing expenditures, i.e. advertising and distribution expenditures on intangible value of firm (measured in terms of Tobin's Q). The relationship is studied in the context of branding approaches (corporate and house of brands) that various firms follow.Design/methodology/approachThe data are collected from databases of Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) and from the web site of National Stock Exchange. Time series regression is performed using SPSS software to test the model.FindingsAdvertising expenditure has a positive impact on the intangible value of the firm and this relationship is stronger for firms following corporate branding than for firms that follow house of brands strategy. Distribution expenditure has negative impact on the intangible value of the firm and this relationship is stronger for firms following corporate branding than for firms that follow house of brands strategy.Research limitations/implicationsSince most of the data retrieved for the analysis were of B2B (business to business) firms, the findings may not be generalized for all firms.Practical implicationsAdvertising expenditure has a diminishing marginal utility in creating intangible value. It would be useful for firms to understand where they are on this continuum and whether their advertising expenditure is giving adequate returns or may be better spent elsewhere.Originality/valueIn the literature, researchers have expressed mixed viewpoints regarding the impact of total marketing spend on intangible value. The marketing expenditures are found to have both positive and negative impact on intangible value, with respect to various contexts. However, the impact of major components of marketing expenditures is not addressed. This gap is addressed in this research paper.

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AKCADAG, Mualla, and Tuba BOZKURT. "Determining Consumers' Expenditure Types in Tourism Marketing: Turkey Example." Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences 22 (December 31, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/epess.1040604.

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Many factors such as globalization, the increase in demand in health tourism, the development of welfare, the need for social interaction, the increase in entertainment opportunities, the desire for cultural development of people, the increase in faith-related trips provide the development of tourism marketing. Therefore, it is inevitable for businesses performing marketing activities in the tourism sector to develop new steps and strategies in order to compete sustainably. From this point of view, with this study, it is aimed to examine the most common expenditure types of consumers by making use Turkey 2020 TUIK data. When the data obtained from TUIK is examined, it is understood that personal expenditures are mostly made in tourism, followed by food-beverage and accommodation type expenditures. The lowest expenditure type in Turkey tourism in 2020 is tour services. With this study, it is thought that by examining the expenditure types of tourism consumers, it will help the businesses in the sector in terms of marketing activities and in determining the strategies in the tourism sector.

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Philomina Igbokwe, Ify. "A Comparative Study of Social Media Marketing and Conventional Marketing – A Case Study." African Journal of Business and Economic Research 17, no. 4 (December 6, 2022): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/1750-4562/2022/v17n4a8.

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This study examines the relationship between government expenditure and government revenue in Nigeria, covering the period 1981 to 2019. The Johansen technique and the VECX model were employed as econometric techniques of data analysis. This study confirms the existence of a positive long-run relationship between government expenditure and government revenue and that the expenditure elasticity of revenue is greater than unity thus confirming fiscal sustainability in Nigeria. The long-run relationship between government expenditure and government revenue is further shown in this study, how it determines the nature of the impact of deficit financing (debt) on the economy, and that expenditure elasticity below unity is not desirable. Further, the result of the VECX-based granger causality revealed that the spend-revenue hypothesis of Peacock & Wiseman (1961) holds for Nigeria's economy both in the short and long runs. The federal government of Nigeria is thus advised to set targets for revenue mobilization and utilization as well as devise a way of expenditure spreading over the entire economy.

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Mandal, Kaushik, and Sujata Banerjee. "An Empirical Comparison between Societal Expenditure and Marketing Expenditure on Bank’s Performance." Global Business Review 18, no. 2 (March 17, 2017): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150916668695.

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Marketing expenditure plays a crucial role in determining performance since promotion mix generates market shares and revenues for the brands. But, nowadays, the impact of promotional expenditure is appeared to be non-responsive to influence the revenue and profitability as the consumers are now having ample scopes of escaping advertisement. Moreover consumers prefer the products that are associated with some social cause. Hence the purpose of this paper is to compare the impact of societal and marketing expenditure on profitability. To attain the purpose, we have employed empirical results of various Indian banks by developing a model using profit after tax (PAT), societal and marketing expenses. In particular, we have considered log-linear model as it fits better for all the banks when compared with the linear model. Further, we have compared the profit elasticity between societal and marketing expenses. Finally, association between the profit performance status and the comparative profit contribution at equal expenditure has been tested by employing non-parametric χ² test and Cramer’s V. Result proves the efficiency of ‘expenditure in social concern’ compared to ‘Expenditure in traditional marketing tools’ and hence it suggests for adopting alternative route, that is, societal means of promotion for better customer connect.

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Sharma, Prachi. "IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MARKETING STRATEGY AND EXPENDITURE." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 1475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11814.

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This paper seeks to analyse the Coronavirus Pandemic (2019) on Marketing Strategy and Expenditure. The virus is currently a global issue and has affected marketing, expenditure, and various marketing strategies worldwide. This virus has impacted different companies, organizations, firms, international and regional markets through their marketing and expenditure operations. Therefore, the effects of COVID-19 on digital marketing, social media marketing, email marketing, 4Ps of marketing, advertisements, and search engines (SEO) are also discussed and examined. The coronavirus pandemic has affected branding, supply chain, advertising and marketing, and retail and marketing. Additionally, the text explores how businesses shifted their marketing strategies to take various directions while cutting down their marketing expenditure. Moreover, it also examines how industries, like travel and hospitality, have been significantly affected. On the other hand, multiple businesses, such as streaming and other online services, experienced varied effects. Generally, several marketing actions have been influenced by the spread of COVID-19, such as corporate social responsibility (CSR), consumption pattern, advertising, marketing communication program, and supply chain.

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6

Hilsenrath, Peter. "Health expenditure efficiency: implications for pharmaceutical marketing." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 5, no. 2 (June 28, 2011): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506121111149235.

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7

Mian, G. Mujtaba, Piyush Sharma, and Ferdinand A. Gul. "Investor sentiment and advertising expenditure." International Journal of Research in Marketing 35, no. 4 (December 2018): 611–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2018.08.005.

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8

Tustin, D. H., and J. W. Strydom. "Measuring the impact of advertising and promotion expenditure at national, industry and company levels in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2003): 627–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i3.3310.

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Sound record-keeping of advertising expenditure figures in South Africa allows for a relative accurate assessment of the impact of advertising expenditure at national, industry and company level. However, the overall composition of marketing communication expenditure is nowadays affected by the continuous increase of promotion expenditure at the cost of advertising. Unfortunately, record-keeping abilities on promotion expenditure figures trails that of advertising. Consequently, the study aims to collect data on advertising and promotion expenditure simultaneously. Such information is highly valued by marketing practitioners in planning annual advertising and promotional budgets. To add further value to the analysis, some international comparisons are made.

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9

Green, Andrew. "International Advertising Expenditure Trends." International Journal of Advertising 9, no. 2 (January 1990): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650487.1990.11107143.

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10

Molina Huerta, Carlos, Alan Sotelo Atahua, Jahir Villacrisis Guerrero, and Laberiano Andrade-Arenas. "Data mining: Application of digital marketing in education." Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/amler.2023.01.011.

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The excessive cost of inadequate management of stored information resources by companies means a significant loss for them, causing them to invest more than they should in technology. To overcome and avoid more significant losses, companies must counteract this type of problem. The present work's aim is to apply good data mining through digital business marketing that will allow ordering and filtering of the relevant information in the databases through RapidMiner, to supply the companies' databases with only relevant information for the normal development of their functions. For this purpose, the Knowledge Discovery Databases (KDD) methodology will be used, which will allow us to filter and search for information patterns that are hidden in order to take advantage of the historical data of investment per student in the educational sector and to establish a more accurate and efficient data prediction. As a result, it was found that over the years, the expenditure per student increases regardless of the area in which it is located, that although not in all provinces same amount is allocated, it is observed that it maintains an upward trend concerning the expenditures made, concluding that the KDD methodology allowed us to graph and showed how the expenditure allocated to the education sector has varied in the different grades of education, providing relevant information that will be useful for future related studies.

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11

Jiang, Jianfeng. "Structural determinants of household art expenditure." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 27, no. 6 (September 18, 2009): 805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634500910988690.

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Heimonen, Kari, and Outi Uusitalo. "The beer market and advertising expenditure." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 27, no. 7 (October 23, 2009): 945–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634500911000243.

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13

Koo, Wonil. "The Effect of Marketing Costs Expenditure on Marketing Performance of Foodservice Company." Journal of Tourism Management Research 22, no. 7 (December 31, 2018): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18604/tmro.2018.22.7.3.

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14

Zhang, Hanqin Qiu, Nada Kulendran, and Haiyan Song. "Measuring Returns on Hong Kong's Tourism Marketing Expenditure." Tourism Economics 16, no. 4 (December 2010): 853–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/te.2010/0002.

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15

Yudkin, J. S. "Post-marketing observational trials and catastrophic health expenditure." BMJ 344, jun12 1 (June 12, 2012): e3987-e3987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e3987.

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Kulendran, Nada, and Larry Dwyer. "Measuring the Return from Australian Tourism Marketing Expenditure." Journal of Travel Research 47, no. 3 (July 7, 2008): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287508322786.

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17

Barichello, Richard R., and Graham Glenday. "The Tax Expenditure of Agricultural Marketing Quota Deducibility." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 33, no. 3 (November 13, 2008): 263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.1985.tb02139.x.

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18

Kim, Yura, Taeyeon Kim, and Hye-Jeong Nam. "Marketing Investments and Corporate Social Responsibility." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 4849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094849.

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Although the short-term effects of marketing efforts that promote immediate consumer responses have been extensively investigated, the long-term impacts of marketing activities have received little attention. Marketing effects can be carried over time as consumers experience an emotional attachment to products and build trust and affection. In addition, a firm’s advertising spending not only improves customer awareness of the firm’s products and services but also serves to promote other company information, such as the firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR), a long-term strategic commitment to improving the welfare of customers and society. This paper focuses on the long-term effects of marketing investments by examining the relation between advertising expenditures and a firm’s commitment to CSR, finding that firms with a higher advertising expenditure are more likely to have a higher CSR performance. The findings of this study demonstrate that marketing investments are related to a firm’s long-term sustainable activities. Additionally, the finding may indicate that a firm’s CSR initiatives are influenced by the extent to which the firm commits to advertising that promotes customer awareness of the firm’s products and services.

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19

Metwally, M. M. "Effectiveness of the Advertising Expenditure of Australian Banks." International Journal of Bank Marketing 11, no. 7 (July 1993): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02652329310046278.

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20

Wang, Ying, and Michael C. G. Davidson. "Chinese Holiday Makers' Expenditure: Implications for Marketing and Management." Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management 19, no. 4 (April 13, 2010): 373–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19368621003667101.

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21

Kulendran, Nada, and Sarath Divisekera. "Measuring the Economic Impact of Australian Tourism Marketing Expenditure." Tourism Economics 13, no. 2 (June 2007): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000007780823212.

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22

Li, Xianghong, Hikaru Hanawa Peterson, and Tian Xia. "Demand for Organic Fluid Milk across Marketing Channels." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 47, no. 3 (March 20, 2018): 505–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2017.33.

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Organic food products, which have been sold traditionally at natural food stores, have become increasingly available through mass marketing channels. This study estimated an almost ideal demand system (AIDS) model using 2008–2010 retail scanner data to examine consumer demand for organic fluid milk products sold at conventional and natural marketing channels. Asymmetric cross-price elasticities were found suggesting relative stickiness in demand to switch from organic milk to conventional milk and from natural stores to food, drug, and mass merchandiser stores. More generally, demands shifting toward products with higher expenditure elasticities in a differentiated market can be explained by relative budget shares and expenditure elasticities.

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23

Subanti, Sri, and Arif Rahman Hakim. "Pengeluaran Pariwisata dan Karakteristik Sosial Demografi Rumah Tangga di Provinsi Jawa Tengah." Indonesian Journal of Applied Statistics 1, no. 1 (September 20, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/ijas.v1i1.24120.

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The study about tourism expenditure had been one of the important things in the formulation of tourism development, such as marketing analysis, strategies, and policies. Based on this condition, the purpose of our paper wants to know about the determinants of tourism expenditure at households level based on their demographic characteristics. The findings of this paper, (1) the important factors affecting household tourism expenditure are marital status, sex, household income per capita, education for heads of households, the length of study for household members in average, number of households, urban-rural, and industrial origin for head of household; (2) variables that are positively related to tourism expenditure are marital status, age, education, number of household, household income per capita, the length of study for household members in average, urban-rural, and home ownership. This paper suggest that the local governments should give an attention on households demographic characteristics to formulate the tourism marketing and the tourism policies.<br />Keywords : tourism expenditure, demographic characteristics, households

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24

Yeung, Matthew C. H., Bala Ramasamy, Junsong Chen, and Stan Paliwoda. "Customer satisfaction and consumer expenditure in selected European countries." International Journal of Research in Marketing 30, no. 4 (December 2013): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2013.06.001.

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25

Bunch, Beverly S., and David Merriman. "Tax and Expenditure Limitations." Public Administration Review 49, no. 5 (September 1989): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/976398.

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26

Pani, Agnivesh, Prasanta K. Sahu, and Bandhan Bandhu Majumdar. "Expenditure-based segmentation of freight travel markets: Identifying the determinants of freight transport expenditure for developing marketing strategies." Research in Transportation Business & Management 33 (December 2019): 100437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2020.100437.

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ESMAEILI, MARYAM, PRAKASH L. ABAD, and MIR-BAHADOR ARYANEZHAD. "SELLER-BUYER RELATIONSHIP WHEN END DEMAND IS SENSITIVE TO PRICE AND PROMOTION." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 26, no. 05 (October 2009): 605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595909002353.

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In this paper, we consider a seller–buyer channel in which marketing expenditure is an endogenous decision for the buyer. We assume that both the unit marketing expenditure and the unit price charged by the buyer influence the end demand for the product. We model the seller–buyer relationship as a non-cooperative as well as a cooperative game. We investigate the non-cooperative game from two perspectives: the Seller–Stackelberg model and the Buyer–Stackelberg model. In the cooperative game, we provide a procedure for outlining Pareto efficient solutions. For each model, we present a numerical example as well as sensitivity analysis with respect to the two key parameters in the model.

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Ikudayisi, Adesola, and Aderonke Omotola. "Analysis of expenditure path beyond staple foods consumption in Nigeria." Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal 5, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51599/are.2019.05.04.03.

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Purpose. This study investigates the food expenditure path segmented by staples and non-staples in Nigeria. Methodology / approach. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to sample a cross sectional data of 438 urban households from two randomly selected urbanising states in South West, Nigeria. The study used descriptive statistics such as percentages and means to determine households’ food budget shares and their per capita food expenditure Results. From the expenditure estimates, a differential effect in budget share of food was found with an increase in staples diet of Low Urban Area (LUA) households (33 %). However, consumption of non-staple foods was more pronounced among households residing in high urban areas (HUA) (35 %). Per capita food expenditure was higher for LUA households (N1377.52), while their food shares for processed cereals were equal with those of HUA. Findings suggest a more diverse diets, thus revealing a quality-quantity nexus within urban locations. Originality / scientific novelty. This is the very study that explains urban differential beyond staple food consumption and nutritional outcome. The household food expenditure pattern brought to fore location-specific variations in urban diet in the study area. Practical value / implications. The switch away from consumption of staples was beyond income responsiveness, but, towards changes in level of urbanization. The differential path in per capita expenditures on staple and non-staples are shown to have implications on nutrition within urban areas.

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Gui, Dan-Yang, Shixiong Liu, Yu Dai, Ying Liu, Xiaoli Wang, and Huiying Huang. "Greater patience and monetary expenditure: How shopping with companions influences purchase decisions." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 63 (November 2021): 102665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102665.

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30

Pei, Zhi, Leslie Toombs, and Ruiliang Yan. "How does the added new online channel impact the supporting advertising expenditure?" Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 21, no. 3 (May 2014): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.02.004.

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31

Bircan, Hudaverdi, and Hasan Eleroğlu. "Hanehalkı Gider Analizi ve Gıda Harcamalarında Tavukçuluk Ürünlerinin Oranı." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 9 (September 14, 2019): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i9.1497-1502.2564.

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In this study, the changes in the ratio of poultry products in household food expenditure by regions, age groups, education levels, income groups and occupational groups were examined. In this research, data obtained from surveys conducted with 1350 consumers residing in TR72 Region (Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat) were used. The ratio of poultry products in household food expenditures is approximately 10% and showed significant differences according to education level, occupation and monthly income groups. Similarly, statistically significant differences were found in the share of poultry products in household food expenditures in Kayseri, Sivas and Yozgat provinces in the region. According to the results, regional and demographic characteristics have a significant effect on the consumption of poultry products. In the production and marketing of poultry products, it is useful to consider the factors that affect consumption.

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Snyder, S., and AE King. "PMC13 JOINT DETERMINATION OF PRICES, RESEARCH EXPENDITURE AND MARKETING EXPENDITURE BY PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS:A THEORETICAL MODEL OF PROFIT-MAXIMIZING BEHAVIOR." Value in Health 10, no. 3 (May 2007): A187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)69111-5.

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33

Fornell, Claes, and Birger Wernerfelt. "Defensive Marketing Strategy by Customer Complaint Management: A Theoretical Analysis." Journal of Marketing Research 24, no. 4 (November 1987): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224378702400401.

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On the basis of Hirschman's exit-voice theory, an economic model of defensive marketing strategy is developed for complaint management. Though many firms strive to reduce the number of customer complaints about their products, this objective is found to be questionable. Instead, analysis suggests complaints from dissatisfied customers should be maximized subject to certain cost restrictions. The authors also show that defensive marketing (e.g., complaint management) can lower the total marketing expenditure by substantially reducing the cost of offensive marketing (e.g., advertising). The savings in offensive marketing are often high enough to offset the additional costs associated with compensating complaining customers, even if compensation exceeds the product's profit margin.

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Dash, Mihir, and Kshitiz Sharma. "Marketing Response Modelling: Impact of Digital Marketing for a Luxury Car Brand." Journal of Creative Communications 14, no. 3 (November 2019): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973258619878077.

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The luxury car segment is the most vibrant segment in the luxury goods market, experiencing high growth in recent years in the emerging economies of China, India, and Brazil. In India, the luxury car segment is dominated by three major players, that is, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, and BMW, together accounting for 85 per cent of the total Indian luxury car segment. The study proposes a marketing response model for luxury car brands, involving a linear model with all possible interaction effects. The model is applied in the case of a luxury car brand which had recently adopted digital marketing in addition to its traditional advertising media mix. The response in the form of customer queries at its showroom (situated in Bangalore, India) was taken as the dependent variable. The independent variables were the advertising expenditure in different media, viz. newspapers and magazines, display events, and digital media. The results of the model provide a measure of the effectiveness of each of the media, the interaction between them, as well as the impact of digital marketing.

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Wardana, Ditya. "Pengeluaran R&D Dan Financial Sustainability Serta Peran Marketing Performance, Gross Margin, Dan Technological Performance Sebagai Variabel Mediasi." Jurnal Manajemen 22, no. 2 (September 5, 2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jm.v22i2.357.

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This research intend to analyze the influence of R&D expenditure to financial sustainability with marketing performance, gross margin, and technological performance as mediating variable. The analysis technique used is PLS (Partial Least Square). The research population was the manufacture industry registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2007-2016. The number of sampleswas 130 samples from 13 companies for approximately 10 years running. The samples were selected using purposive sampling technique. Results of hypothesis testing showed that high R&D expenditure had no impact on the high ability of the company to reach financial sustainability. This research also shows that R & D activity has been able to improve marketing performance by creating high quality products and products that provide economic, social, and environmental benefits so that the company can achieve financial sustainbaility.

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Abdel-Khalek, Gouda, Mohammed Gamal Mazloum, and Mohammed Ramadan Mohammed El Zeiny. "Military expenditure and economic growth: the case of India." Review of Economics and Political Science 5, no. 2 (October 26, 2019): 116–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/reps-03-2019-0025.

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Purpose The relationship between military expenditure and economic growth is complex. The purpose of this paper is to examine this relationship in India. Design/methodology/approach The design of this study is descriptive in the theoretical part, and quantitative in the applied one. The study uses time series approach, and Hendry General-to-Specific (GTS) modeling methodology, to examine and analyze the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in India, during the period 1980-2016. Findings The study shows the following: Absence of causal relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in India, during indicated period. The continuous regional tensions facing India represent the main factor for adopting Indian military strategy and emphasizing military capabilities. India has been able to build and develop links between civilian and military sectors. The Indian military scientific and manufacturing policies have achieved self-sufficiency in some of its military needs, a strong military industrial base and high levels of military exports. India participated with developed countries in military strategic industries. Such participation contributed to the integration of civilian and military sectors. India gave rights to private sector and foreign direct investment (FDI) for manufacturing in military industries, giving full marketing rights to the Indian government. These new policies considered a great move toward deep changes for Indian military manufacturing policy. Social implications The findings shed light on the importance of stimulating links between civilian and military sectors, particularly in the industrial sectors and scientific activities. Originality/value This study has a contribution to literature of military expenditures' economic effects. Theoretically, this study tries to fill the research gap regarding the impact of military expenditure in Indian case. Furthermore, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that examines the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in India using Hendry general-to-specific (GTS) modeling methodology and time series approach.

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37

Cooil, Bruce, and Timothy M. Devinney. "The return to advertising expenditure." Marketing Letters 3, no. 2 (April 1992): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00993993.

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38

Esmaeili, M. "Optimal selling price, marketing expenditure and lot size under general demand function." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 45, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2009): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-009-1952-8.

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39

Leathers, Howard. "Orderly Marketing in Agriculture Revisited." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 36, no. 2 (October 2007): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500007097.

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This paper presents a model of economic behavior that explicates the phenomenon known as “orderly marketing,” which was a main objective of the Marketing Orders agricultural program introduced early in the New Deal. Recent analyses of marketing orders start with an implicit assumption that there is no market failure—thus, that price regulation can cause only deviations from the first-best market solution. However, historical evidence suggests that disorderly marketing might refer to a kind of market imperfection. In the model presented here, a monopsonist processor sets a price to be paid, and an aggregate quantity to be purchased. In some states of the world, some farmers are excluded from the market. In other words, nonprice rationing can occur, and changes in consumer expenditure for the final product are absorbed by the processor rather than passed along to the farmer. The classified price and pooling provisions of federal orders can lead to a Pareto improvement in welfare.

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40

Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul, and Dil Bahadur Rahut. "Cereal consumption and marketing responses by rural smallholders under rising cereal prices." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 8, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 461–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-09-2017-0088.

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Purpose International commodity prices have escalated to an unprecedented level since 2008. Although commodity prices have declined recently, prices are still high compared to the pre-2008 levels. Combining this market phenomenon with Bangladesh Government’s Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data sets HIES 2005 and HIES 2010, and applying the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) estimation process, the purpose of this paper is to examine paddy rice marketing, and the cereal and non-cereal food expenditure behavior of rural smallholders in Bangladesh under rising commodity prices. Design/methodology/approach This study uses information collected by the Government of Bangladesh and applies two-step Heckman-type selection model estimation procedure, first to estimate total rice production by the rice production self-sufficiency status of the household. Second, the study estimates the paddy marketing behavior by the households by their rice self-sufficiency status under rising commodity price regime applying SUR estimation process combing with Heckman’s selection model estimation procedure. Findings Empirical findings demonstrate that there was no positive assertion between higher paddy rice prices and paddy rice marketing by the rural smallholders. Rather, under the rising commodity price regime, smallholders significantly reduced consumption expenditure on high food value-enriched non-cereal food items to adjust to the market shocks. Research limitations/implications This is a Bangladesh-based case study. Individual country-level case studies should be conducted in order to generalize the findings of the present study. Originality/value The present study warns that the market volatility may discourage farm households to market their cereals more due to uncertain future. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to explore the cereal marketing behavior of the farm households in Bangladesh under commodity price hikes by the rice production self-sufficiency status of the farm households.

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Xiong, Yuhan. "Analysis on the Marketing Strategy of Chanel." BCP Business & Management 21 (July 20, 2022): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v21i.1257.

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Chanel’s French legacy enables it to strengthen its reputation and remove past problems. It should pursue middle-class adult women for their high luxury consumption ambitions, and return to its pre-pandemic marketing expenditure levels to beat the high profiles, diversity, firmness, and discrete distribution approaches of key rivals Dior, LVMH, Gucci, and Burberry. The traditional store should keep giving the best client experiences, although Chanel’s online store ought to be developed to properly market its sub-brands. Celebrities Han So Hee and Zendaya Coleman must be the brand’s ambassadors given their rich talents and strong online presence. Dedicated pop-up shops and hosting holiday stays for public consumers should be Chanel’s best experiential activation tactics going forward.

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Banerjee, Debjani, and Shradha Shivani. "Has Modern Retailing in India Influenced the Consumption Expenditure Behavior of Urban Socioeconomic Classes?" Indian Journal of Marketing 45, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2015/v45/i6/79932.

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Antika, Febriyani Putri. "Literature Review: Factors Affecting Marketing Strategy, Market Size, Technology, and End Users on Market Segmentation and Competitive Space." Eastasouth Management and Business 1, no. 02 (January 31, 2023): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.58812/esmb.v1i02.49.

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The relatively new information technology has amazingly been the trigger for the growth of so many markets for goods and service offerings to become global in the truest sense. Market segmentation is the process of dividing the market into groups of potential customers who have similar needs and/or personalities and have the same reaction to spending their money. The marketing strategy consists of specific strategies related to the market, the target marketing mix, and the level of marketing expenditure. A company's marketing strategy must be able to change in a competitive environment. The purpose of writing this “Literature Review” is to determine the effect or relationship between exogenous variables (marketing strategy, market size, technology, and end users) on endogenous variables (market segmentation and competitive space).

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Koojaroenprasit, Sauwaluck. "Services Marketing Mix of Starbucks Coffee in Bangkok, Thailand." Asian Social Science 14, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n9p107.

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The purposes of this study were to identify the importance of services marketing mix influencing the Starbucks consumers in Bangkok, Thailand, to examine the relationship between personal factors and consumer behaviors and to examine the relationship between services marketing mix and consumers behaviors.A questionnaire survey was used. The sample was 400 Starbucks coffee consumers. It was found that the respondents were female and male of 63.90 percent and 36.10 percent respectively. The majority respondents were in age group 21-30 years old, the majority occupation were office workers with level of monthly income more than 30,000 baht. The majority of respondents went to Starbucks coffee 1-2 times a week. The average expenditure of each purchase was 101-200 baht with the beverage size of Grande (16 oz.).The majority favorite beverage was Iced Cappuccino. The reason for buying Starbucks beverages was the flavor of coffee.The results indicated that the most importance of services marketing mix was product, process, people, place, physical environment, promotion and price, respectively. Both personal factors and components of services marketing mix affected consumer behaviors. The results showed that gender affected three consumer behaviors; the frequency of visit at Starbucks shop, cup sizes and favorite beverage. Career affected all five consumer behaviors. Age affected the frequency of visit the Starbucks shop and favorite beverage. While education and income level affected two consumer behaviors; the frequency of visit the Starbucks coffee shop and expenditure of each purchase.

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K, Haritha. "Customer relationship management: a new dimension of managing customers." Journal of Management and Science 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.11.20.

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CRM or Customer Relationship Management is a system that caters to the management of a firm’s interactions with past, present,and future customers. Since the beginning of the new millennium, traditional marketing practices have not been effective in yielding good returns. Companies have turned reluctant to spend huge advertising expenditure and marketing research –the potent tool of getting deeper insights of customer has lost its charisma. Due to enigmatic customer behavior, it becomes inevitable for the companies to develop new marketing strategies. CRM has emerged as a new marketing strategy in that tenor.This article deals with importance of CRM and customer modeling. Further it extends the constraints of CRM and how it affects the organizational change.

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Kerin, Roger A., and William L. Cron. "Assessing Trade Show Functions and Performance: An Exploratory Study." Journal of Marketing 51, no. 3 (July 1987): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298705100306.

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Though trade shows are an important marketing tool, as evidenced by their frequency of use and expenditure level, little research has examined this activity. The authors document the selling and non-selling roles of trade shows and identify marketing and trade show strategy-related variables that affect performance. Their study is a necessary first step in understanding how trade shows are used and identifying factors that should be considered in the management of this promotion medium.

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Boso, Nathaniel, Albert Danso, Constantinos Leonidou, Moshfique Uddin, Ogechi Adeola, and Magnus Hultman. "Does financial resource slack drive sustainability expenditure in developing economy small and medium-sized enterprises?" Journal of Business Research 80 (November 2017): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.06.016.

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Markovitch, Dmitri G., Dongling Huang, and Pengfei Ye. "Marketing intensity and firm performance: Contrasting the insights based on actual marketing expenditure and its SG&A proxy." Journal of Business Research 118 (September 2020): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.032.

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Ramrattan, Lall B. "R&D Rivalry in the U.S. Automobile Industry: A Simultaneous Equation Model Approach to Bain's Hypothesis." American Economist 42, no. 1 (March 1998): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943459804200104.

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This paper investigates rivalry in R&D expenditures for firms within the U. S. Automobile industry. It attempts to falsify Bain's paradigm that firms in that industry collude in price, and compete primarily in advertising and secondarily in R&D expenditures. We start with a single equation model of an earlier specification that falsified R&D rivalry for the auto industry, using a smaller sample size. The result also was insignificant, lending credence to Bain's idea that a more concerted effort is needed to ascertain R&D rivalry. To accommodate Bain's hypothesis, we embedded the R&D equation within a system of equations framework, where interactions between advertising, dividend, investment, and finance are co-determined. The system model gained efficiency through explicit specifications for technological and marketing constraints. The results corroborate Bain's hypotheses that R&D rivalry is present only when R&D expenditure is foiled with advertising and other financial ratios.

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Tsui, Wai Hong Kan, and Faruk Balli. "International arrivals forecasting for Australian airports and the impact of tourism marketing expenditure." Tourism Economics 23, no. 2 (September 20, 2016): 403–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/te.2015.0507.

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An airport’s international passenger arrivals are susceptible to exogenous and endogenous factors (such as economic conditions, flight services, fluctuations and shocks). Accurate and reliable airport passenger demand forecasts are imperative for policymaking and planning by airport and airline management as well as by tourism authorities and operators. This article employs the Box–Jenkins SARIMA, SARIMAX and SARIMAX/EGARCH volatility models to forecast international passenger arrivals for the eight key Australian airports (Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Gold Coast, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney). Monthly international tourist arrivals between January 2006 and September 2012 are used for the empirical analysis. All the forecasting models are highly accurate with the lower values of mean absolute percentage error, mean absolute error and root mean squared error. The findings suggest that the international passenger arrivals of Australian airports are affected by positive and negative shocks and tourism marketing expenditure is also a significant factor influencing the majority of Australian airports’ international passenger arrivals.

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