Relevant bibliographies by topics / Marketing expenditure

Academic literature on the topic 'Marketing expenditure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Marketing expenditure"

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Sahay, Arvind, and Anandan Pillai. "Differential impact of advertising and distribution expenditure on Tobin's Q." Journal of Indian Business Research 1, no. 2/3 (June 5, 2009): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17554190911005309.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of components of marketing expenditures, i.e. advertising and distribution expenditures on intangible value of firm (measured in terms of Tobin's Q). The relationship is studied in the context of branding approaches (corporate and house of brands) that various firms follow.Design/methodology/approachThe data are collected from databases of Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) and from the web site of National Stock Exchange. Time series regression is performed using SPSS software to test the model.FindingsAdvertising expenditure has a positive impact on the intangible value of the firm and this relationship is stronger for firms following corporate branding than for firms that follow house of brands strategy. Distribution expenditure has negative impact on the intangible value of the firm and this relationship is stronger for firms following corporate branding than for firms that follow house of brands strategy.Research limitations/implicationsSince most of the data retrieved for the analysis were of B2B (business to business) firms, the findings may not be generalized for all firms.Practical implicationsAdvertising expenditure has a diminishing marginal utility in creating intangible value. It would be useful for firms to understand where they are on this continuum and whether their advertising expenditure is giving adequate returns or may be better spent elsewhere.Originality/valueIn the literature, researchers have expressed mixed viewpoints regarding the impact of total marketing spend on intangible value. The marketing expenditures are found to have both positive and negative impact on intangible value, with respect to various contexts. However, the impact of major components of marketing expenditures is not addressed. This gap is addressed in this research paper.
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AKCADAG, Mualla, and Tuba BOZKURT. "Determining Consumers' Expenditure Types in Tourism Marketing: Turkey Example." Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences 22 (December 31, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/epess.1040604.

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Many factors such as globalization, the increase in demand in health tourism, the development of welfare, the need for social interaction, the increase in entertainment opportunities, the desire for cultural development of people, the increase in faith-related trips provide the development of tourism marketing. Therefore, it is inevitable for businesses performing marketing activities in the tourism sector to develop new steps and strategies in order to compete sustainably. From this point of view, with this study, it is aimed to examine the most common expenditure types of consumers by making use Turkey 2020 TUIK data. When the data obtained from TUIK is examined, it is understood that personal expenditures are mostly made in tourism, followed by food-beverage and accommodation type expenditures. The lowest expenditure type in Turkey tourism in 2020 is tour services. With this study, it is thought that by examining the expenditure types of tourism consumers, it will help the businesses in the sector in terms of marketing activities and in determining the strategies in the tourism sector.
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Philomina Igbokwe, Ify. "A Comparative Study of Social Media Marketing and Conventional Marketing – A Case Study." African Journal of Business and Economic Research 17, no. 4 (December 6, 2022): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/1750-4562/2022/v17n4a8.

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This study examines the relationship between government expenditure and government revenue in Nigeria, covering the period 1981 to 2019. The Johansen technique and the VECX model were employed as econometric techniques of data analysis. This study confirms the existence of a positive long-run relationship between government expenditure and government revenue and that the expenditure elasticity of revenue is greater than unity thus confirming fiscal sustainability in Nigeria. The long-run relationship between government expenditure and government revenue is further shown in this study, how it determines the nature of the impact of deficit financing (debt) on the economy, and that expenditure elasticity below unity is not desirable. Further, the result of the VECX-based granger causality revealed that the spend-revenue hypothesis of Peacock & Wiseman (1961) holds for Nigeria's economy both in the short and long runs. The federal government of Nigeria is thus advised to set targets for revenue mobilization and utilization as well as devise a way of expenditure spreading over the entire economy.
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Mandal, Kaushik, and Sujata Banerjee. "An Empirical Comparison between Societal Expenditure and Marketing Expenditure on Bank’s Performance." Global Business Review 18, no. 2 (March 17, 2017): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150916668695.

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Marketing expenditure plays a crucial role in determining performance since promotion mix generates market shares and revenues for the brands. But, nowadays, the impact of promotional expenditure is appeared to be non-responsive to influence the revenue and profitability as the consumers are now having ample scopes of escaping advertisement. Moreover consumers prefer the products that are associated with some social cause. Hence the purpose of this paper is to compare the impact of societal and marketing expenditure on profitability. To attain the purpose, we have employed empirical results of various Indian banks by developing a model using profit after tax (PAT), societal and marketing expenses. In particular, we have considered log-linear model as it fits better for all the banks when compared with the linear model. Further, we have compared the profit elasticity between societal and marketing expenses. Finally, association between the profit performance status and the comparative profit contribution at equal expenditure has been tested by employing non-parametric χ² test and Cramer’s V. Result proves the efficiency of ‘expenditure in social concern’ compared to ‘Expenditure in traditional marketing tools’ and hence it suggests for adopting alternative route, that is, societal means of promotion for better customer connect.
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Sharma, Prachi. "IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MARKETING STRATEGY AND EXPENDITURE." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 1475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11814.

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This paper seeks to analyse the Coronavirus Pandemic (2019) on Marketing Strategy and Expenditure. The virus is currently a global issue and has affected marketing, expenditure, and various marketing strategies worldwide. This virus has impacted different companies, organizations, firms, international and regional markets through their marketing and expenditure operations. Therefore, the effects of COVID-19 on digital marketing, social media marketing, email marketing, 4Ps of marketing, advertisements, and search engines (SEO) are also discussed and examined. The coronavirus pandemic has affected branding, supply chain, advertising and marketing, and retail and marketing. Additionally, the text explores how businesses shifted their marketing strategies to take various directions while cutting down their marketing expenditure. Moreover, it also examines how industries, like travel and hospitality, have been significantly affected. On the other hand, multiple businesses, such as streaming and other online services, experienced varied effects. Generally, several marketing actions have been influenced by the spread of COVID-19, such as corporate social responsibility (CSR), consumption pattern, advertising, marketing communication program, and supply chain.
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Hilsenrath, Peter. "Health expenditure efficiency: implications for pharmaceutical marketing." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 5, no. 2 (June 28, 2011): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506121111149235.

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Mian, G. Mujtaba, Piyush Sharma, and Ferdinand A. Gul. "Investor sentiment and advertising expenditure." International Journal of Research in Marketing 35, no. 4 (December 2018): 611–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2018.08.005.

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Tustin, D. H., and J. W. Strydom. "Measuring the impact of advertising and promotion expenditure at national, industry and company levels in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2003): 627–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i3.3310.

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Sound record-keeping of advertising expenditure figures in South Africa allows for a relative accurate assessment of the impact of advertising expenditure at national, industry and company level. However, the overall composition of marketing communication expenditure is nowadays affected by the continuous increase of promotion expenditure at the cost of advertising. Unfortunately, record-keeping abilities on promotion expenditure figures trails that of advertising. Consequently, the study aims to collect data on advertising and promotion expenditure simultaneously. Such information is highly valued by marketing practitioners in planning annual advertising and promotional budgets. To add further value to the analysis, some international comparisons are made.
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Green, Andrew. "International Advertising Expenditure Trends." International Journal of Advertising 9, no. 2 (January 1990): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650487.1990.11107143.

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Molina Huerta, Carlos, Alan Sotelo Atahua, Jahir Villacrisis Guerrero, and Laberiano Andrade-Arenas. "Data mining: Application of digital marketing in education." Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/amler.2023.01.011.

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The excessive cost of inadequate management of stored information resources by companies means a significant loss for them, causing them to invest more than they should in technology. To overcome and avoid more significant losses, companies must counteract this type of problem. The present work's aim is to apply good data mining through digital business marketing that will allow ordering and filtering of the relevant information in the databases through RapidMiner, to supply the companies' databases with only relevant information for the normal development of their functions. For this purpose, the Knowledge Discovery Databases (KDD) methodology will be used, which will allow us to filter and search for information patterns that are hidden in order to take advantage of the historical data of investment per student in the educational sector and to establish a more accurate and efficient data prediction. As a result, it was found that over the years, the expenditure per student increases regardless of the area in which it is located, that although not in all provinces same amount is allocated, it is observed that it maintains an upward trend concerning the expenditures made, concluding that the KDD methodology allowed us to graph and showed how the expenditure allocated to the education sector has varied in the different grades of education, providing relevant information that will be useful for future related studies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marketing expenditure"

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Schmidt, Adelia. "Measuring marketing productivity : linking marketing expenditure to sales." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20056.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past two decades company performance has become the mantra of corporate theory. It follows that marketers have recently become understandably preoccupied with measuring the performance of marketing activity. In fact, the pressure for financial accountability has led to widespread concern over the role of the marketing function within a company. Some go as far as contemplating the demise of marketing professionals unless marketers develop an understanding of the marketing-finance interface and are able to enter into a dialogue with top management regarding the value that marketing adds to the company. Modern financial theory prescribes that the primary financial objective of any company should be shareholder value maximisation. Value based management (VBM) involves the appropriate allocation of scarce resources using prioritisation and cost-benefit analyses of different strategies to ensure that managers remain focused on shareholder value creation. The VBM philosophy embraces four fundamental driving forces impacting on the creation of value, the first of which is the profitable growth of sales. Since marketers are the custodians of brand sales the recognition of sales as a value driver places marketing at the centre of the value culture. The role of the marketing function is to create customer value that will translate into marketing assets (brand equity) and by doing so serves to add value to a company. The brand value chain summarises the process through which marketers can create value by carefully investing in various marketing tactics (or expenditures). These expenditures are encapsulated by the marketing mix. Simply, the marketing mix can be described as the sum of all expenditures intended to build brand equity and can be classified into four components known as the 4Ps (product, price, place and promotion). Concern has been raised that marketers focus too much attention on the stages in the brand value chain where marketing strategy is formulated and too little attention on the latter stages where the strategy is linked back to the value created through the implementation thereof. Despite the plethora of marketing metrics available the key to measuring the impact of marketing activity lies in maintaining a balance between non-financial, efficiency metrics and financial effectiveness metrics. To this end, there is a need for the development of aggregate-level models that link marketing tactics (expenditures) to to financial impact (e.g. sales) in order to communicate the value created by marketing. As a first step toward the objective of developing such models, it is important to understand the nature of the relationship between marketing expenditures (in terms of the 4Ps) and sales). Therefore, the primary objective in this study was to establish whether there is a relationship between the expenditures of different marketing components (4Ps) and sales. To this end, the proposition formulated elucidated that the variance in sales of a product is attributable to fluctuations in marketing expenditures. A meta analysis study was undertaken and two South African fast moving consumer goods brands’ financial data were investigated for the period of July 2001 to the end of June 2005. The marketing expenditures incurred for each of the respective brands were dissected and allocated according to the 4Ps of marketing. The metohod applied to investigate the relationship between marketing expenditures and sales originated through the adoption of multiple regression analysis between the indepent variables (marketing expenditures) and the dependent variable (sales). However, due to the fact that the data were collected over time it was anticipated that the time-related characteristics in the data might have offended inherent assumptions on which multiple regression analysis is based. Therefore, a time series regression analysis was subsequently adopted to account for time-related characteristics such as trend or seasonality. Counteracting dummy variables were included in the regression analysis to better understand the effect of trend and seasonality. In the case of Brand A, it was necessary to include dummy variables to counteract the effect of trend in the regression analysis., the results revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the expenditures of different marketing components (4Ps) and sales. Only distribution expenditures and price (along with trend) explained unique variance in sales. In the case of Brand B, it was necessary to include dummy variables for both trend and seasonality before the model was suitable for analysis. Once again, the results revealed a statistically significant relationship between the expenditures of different marketing components (4Ps) and sales. However for Brand B, only production expenditures (along with trend and seasonality) explained unique variance in sales. Therefore, in conclusion of the results found there were important findings to note. Firstly, when investigating data colllected over time it is imperative to understand the impact of time-related characteristics in the data and subsequently adopt the appropriate model to investigate relationships in the data. Secondly, despite a statistically significant relationship detected between marketing expenditures and sales the different components of the 4Ps have varying prominence for different brands and the appropriate allocation of resource will depend on the nature of the product and the strategy in mind.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die prestasie van ’n maatskappy het oor die afgelope twee dekades die mantra van korporatiewe teorie geword. Dit volg dus dat bemarkers onlangs afgetrokke is met die meet van die prestasie van mark aktiwiteit. Die druk vir finansiële verantwoordbaarheid het in wye kommer oor die rol van die bemarkingsfunksie binne ’n maatskappy, uitgeloop. Daar word bespiegel oor die ondergang van professionele bemarkers tensy bemarkers ’n begrip van die bemarking-finansie skeidingsvlak ontwikkel en in staat is om ’n dialoog met topbestuur aan die gang te sit rakende die waarde wat bemarking tot ’n maatskappy voeg. Moderne finansiële teorie stel voor dat die primêre finansiële doelwit van enige maatskappy die verhoging van belanghebbende waarde moet wees. Waarde-gebaseerde bestuur (WGB) sluit die gepaste toewysing van skaars hulpbronne, deur die gebruik van vooropstelling en koste-voordeel analise van verskeie strategieë, in, om te verseker dat bestuurders op die belanghebbende waarde skepping gefokus bly. Die WGB filosofie omarm vier grondliggende dryfsmagte wat op die skep van waarde, waarvan eerstens die winsgewende groei van verkope is, ’n impak het. Aangesien bemarkers die bewaarders van die handelsnaam verkope is, plaas die erkenning van verkope as ’n waarde drywer, bemarking in die middelpunt van die waarde kultuur. Die rol van die bemarkingsfunksie is om kliënt waarde te skep wat omgesit sal word in bemarkingsbates (handelsmerk billikheid) en dien so om waarde tot ’n maatskappy by te dra. Die handelsmerk waarde ketting som die proses op waardeur bemarkers waarde kan skep deur versigtig in verskeie bemarkingstaktieke (of uitgawes) te belê. Hierdie uitgawes word saamgevat deur die bemarkingsmengsel. Die bemarkingsmengsel kan kortliks beskryf word as die som van alle uitgawes wat bedoel is om handelsmerk billikheid te bou en kan in vier komponente, wat as die 4Ps (produk, prys, plek en promosie) bekend staan, geklassifiseer word. Daar is reeds kommer uitgespreek dat bemarkers te veel aandag aan die stadiums in die handelsmerk waarde ketting bestee waar bemarkings strategie geformuleer word en te min aandag word aan die latere stadiums geskenk waar die strategie teruggeskakel word aan die waarde wat deur die implementering daarvan geskep word. Ten spyte van die menigte beskikbare bemarkings metrieke lê die sleutel tot die meet van die impak van bemarkingsaktiwiteite in die onderhou van ’n balans tussen nie-finansiële, doeltreffende metrieke en finansiële effektiwiteit metrieke. Daar is dus ’n behoefte aan die ontwikkeling van gemiddelde-vlak modelle wat bemarkings taktieke (uitgawes) aan finansiële impak (bv. verkope) skakel om sodoende die waarde wat deur bemarking geskep word, te kommunikeer. Dit is belangrik om, as ’n eerste treë na die doelwit om sulke modelle te ontwikkel, die aard van die verhouding tussen bemarkingsuitgawes (in terme van die 4Ps) en verkope te verstaan. Die hoofdoel in hierdie studie was dus om vas te stel of daar ’n verhouding tussen die uitgawes van verskillende bemarkingskomponente (4Ps) en verkope bestaan. Die voorstel wat geformuleer is, het verklaar dat die verskeidenheid in verkope ’n produk is wat toegeskryf kan word aan fluktuering in bemarkings uitgawes. ’n Meta analise studie is onderneem en twee Suid-Afrikaanse vinnig-bewegende gebruikers goedere handelsmerke se finansiële data vir die typerk van Julie 2001 tot einde van Junie 2005 is ondersoek. Die bemarkings uitgawes wat vir elk van die handelsmerke aangegaan is, is ontleed en toegeken volgens die 4Ps van bemarking. Die metode wat toegepas is om die verhouding tussen bemarkings uitgawes en verkope te ondersoek het ontstaan deur die aanneem van meervoudige agteruitgang analise tussen die onafhanklike veranderlikes (bemarkings uitgawes) en die afhanklike veranderlikes (verkope). Daar is egter verwag, as gevolg van die feit dat die data oor tyd versamel is, dat die tyd-verwante kenmerke in die data inherente aannames mag beledig het, waarop meervoudige agteruitgang analise gebaseer is. ’n Tydsreek agteruitgang analise is gevolglik aangeneem om verantwoordbaar te wees vir tydsverwante kenmerke soos neiging of seisoenaliteit. Teenwerkende fop veranderlikes is by die agteruitgang analise ingesluit om die effek van neiging of seisoenaliteit beter te verstaan. In die geval van Handelsmerk A, was dit nodig om fop veranderlikes in te sluit om die effek van neiging in die agteruitgang analise teen te werk. Die uitslae het gewys dat daar ’n statisties noemenswaardige verhouding tussen die uitgawes van verskillende bemarkingskomponente (4Ps) en verkope is. Slegs verspreiding uitgawes en prys (tesame met neiging) het unieke verskille in verkope verduidelik. In die geval van Handelsmerk B was dit nodig om die fop veranderlikes in te sluit vir beide neiging en seisoenaliteit voordat die model gepas was vir analise. Die uitslae het weereens gewys dat daar ’n duidende verhouding tussen die uitgawes van verskillende bemarkingskomponente (4Ps) en verkope is. Slegs produksie uitgawes (tesame met neiging en seisonaliteit) het egter unieke verskille in verkope vir Handelsmerk B verduidelik. Daar was dus, in gevolgtrekking tot die uitslae wat gevind is, belangrike bevindings om van kennis te neem. Dit is eerstens van uiterste belang om die impak van tyd-verwante kenmerke in die data te verstaan en om vervolgens die gepaste model aan te neem om verhoudings in die data te ondersoek. Tweedens, ten spyte van ’n statistiese noemenswaardige verhouding wat bespeur is tussen bemarkings uitgawes en verkope, het die verskeie komponente van die 4Ps verskillende vernaamheid vir verskillende handelsmerke en die gepaste toekenning van bronne sal afhang van die aard van die produk en die strategie wat beoog word.
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Lappeman, James. "Monthly expenditure category fluctuations and trade-off in South Africa bottom of the pyramid households." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24900.

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This exploratory study investigated changes in the allocation of household expenditure between various product or service categories in a sample of South African low-income or 'bottom of the pyramid' (BoP) households. First, the mixed methods research quantified the monthly income and expenditure fluctuations in the sample of households over a period of four months. In addition, study identified and quantified expenditure category trade-offs in the target households. Finally, a qualitative inquiry explained the reasons for the fluctuations and the trade-offs identified in the first two components. The study was based on the existing BoP proposition and specifically focused on BoP consumer decision-making theory. Methodologically, the study was a monthly longitudinal panel over four months. The quantitative component employed a once-off baseline questionnaire to gather household data. The participating households then completed monthly self-complete financial diary questionnaires that recorded both income and expenditure. The qualitative component involved interviews with representatives from the participating households and provided details to explain the underlying causes for changes in monthly expenditure patterns. The study was conducted in four provinces with eighty BoP households participating in the research. The study found significant variation in both household income and expenditure between months. The variation and consequent trade-offs between expenditure categories was caused by calendar-related phenomena (such as the festive season), income shocks, unforeseen expenses and spreading the household budget over multiple months. In addition, large fluctuations in income resulted in a constantly shifting allocation of expenditure to categories that required the most attention at a particular point in time. Informal savings (stokvels) and micro-enterprise expenses also contributed to fluctuations in income and expenditure. This study provides unique insights that fill a vacuum in the current body of academic and industry knowledge for this segment of close to forty million BoP South Africans. No study of this nature has been published in either South African or international journals.
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Pita, Guilherme Szyszko. "Internet share of advertising expenditure: growth drivers and inhibitors in the Brazilian market." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8641.

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Internet advertising spending as a percentage of total advertising expenditure varies significantly from one country to another. The figure is as low as 4.7% in the Brazilian market and as high as 28.5% in the British market (ZenithOptimedia, 2011b). A few reasons explain such disparity. At the macro level, Internet share of advertising spending is strongly connected to variables such as gross domestic product per capita and Internet penetration within the population. At the micro level, qualitative research has been done to identify drivers and inhibitors of Internet share of advertising spending growth in the Brazilian market. The vast list of inhibitors appears to have deeper impact on how market professionals make decisions of advertising investment allocation per media type. Due to regulation, self-policing and industry dynamics, much of the decision-making authority is performed by advertising agencies. These appear to have strong economic incentives to select other media types than Internet when defining media plans. At the same time, regulation and self-policing provide disincentives for companies known as media brokers to operate in the local market. The lack of qualified professionals and the limited standardization also play important roles to inhibit a higher Internet share of advertising spending in Brazil. The convergence of the quantitative results with the qualitative findings indicates possible outcomes to why Internet share of advertising spending in Brazil is so low. Firstly, the share is explained by the development stage of countries. The richer and the more developed a country is, the higher the Internet share of advertising spending tends to be. Secondly, the economic emerging stage of Brazil potentially gives room to the raising of market inefficiencies such as disproportionate rebate programs offered to key decision makers of media budget allocation. This fact apparently produces a negative feedback, contributing to keep the Internet share of advertising spending low in the overall advertising spending.
Os investimentos com publicidade na Internet como uma percentagem das despesas totais de publicidade variam significativamente de um país para outro. O número é tão baixo quanto 4,7% no mercado brasileiro e tão alto como 28,5% no mercado britânico (ZenithOptimedia, 2011b). Algumas razões explicam tal disparidade. No nível macro, a participação dos gastos com publicidade na Internet está fortemente ligada a variáveis como o produto interno bruto per capita e à penetração da Internet na população. No nível micro, uma pesquisa qualitativa foi feita para identificar os fatores que contribuem e inibem o crescimento da participação da publicidade online no mercado brasileiro. A vasta lista de inibidores parece ter profundo impacto sobre como os profissionais de mercado tomar decisões de alocação de investimento em publicidade por tipo de mídia. Devido à legislação, à auto-regulamentação e às dinâmicas da indústria, grande parte da tomada de decisão é realizada por agências de publicidade. Estas parecem ter fortes incentivos econômicos para selecionar outros tipos de mídia e não a Internet ao definir planos de mídia. Ao mesmo tempo, a legislação e a auto-regulamentação fornecem desincentivos para corretores de mídia a operar no mercado local. A falta de profissionais qualificados e a padronização limitada também desempenham papéis importante para inibir uma maior participação da Internet nos gastos com publicidade no Brasil. A convergência dos resultados quantitativos com os qualitativos indica possíveis motivos pelos quais a participação da publicidade online no Brasil é tão baixa. Em primeiro lugar, a participação é explicada pelo estágio de desenvolvimento dos países. Quanto mais rico e mais desenvolvido um país, maior a proporção de gastos com publicidade online tende a ser. Em segundo lugar, o estágio econômico emergente do Brasil potencialmente dá espaço para o aumento do ineficiências do mercado, tais como programas de descontos oferecidos de forma desproporcional para os principais decisores de alocação de investimentos de mídia. Este fato aparentemente produz um feedback negativo, contribuindo para manter a baixa participação da publicidade online no total dos investimentos publicitários.
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Kitchin, Christopher D. "Estimating the ROI for Recruitment Marketing and Advertising Expenditure for the Australian Defence Force." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6817.

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This thesis analyzes the influence of advertising expenditure for ADF recruitment using data covering the period from June 2008 to December 2011. Econometric analysis was used to analyze the effect of media advertising on ADF enquiries, applications and enlistments. These models were developed to predict the impact of changing advertising expenditure on the generation of enquiries, applications and enlistments. The econometric recruiting models included independent variables for total monthly ADF media expenditure, monthly enlistments targets, national monthly youth unemployment rates and quarterly propensity to enlist in the ADF. Advertising expenditure was found to be positively related to various measures of recruitment. Increasing advertising expenditure was found to generate enquires and applications. For example, a 10% increase in monthly advertising expenditure was found to increase enquiries by 1.6%. Similarly, a 10% increase in monthly advertising expenditure would increase applications by 1.3%. Youth national unemployment and enlistment targets were positively related to enlistments, while advertising expenditure was found to have no effect on enlistments.
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Hodgson, Victoria Louise, and n/a. "Linking Marketing to Shareholder Value in Listed and Non-Listed Markets." Griffith University. School of Marketing, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040116.094444.

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In this thesis it is recognised that marketing has a dual role to satisfy both customer and shareholder objectives. The issue of shareholder value creation of marketing is an important and immediate agenda for marketing executives, management and academics. To date, marketers have not been able to adequately quantify and measure shareholder value creation through marketing assets and marketing expenditure. This has led to a dilution of marketing power and influence in the boardroom with management tending to treat marketing as discretionary expenditure and not as an asset. Academics have responded with conceptual models that relate marketing assets back to shareholder value, generally through cash flow or sales models. The creation of shareholder value through marketing assets and expenditure is then conceptualised and tested empirically. The conceptual model builds on the theory of agency and incomplete markets setting to illustrate the flow effects through marketing assets to shareholder value. The conceptual model also demonstrates that marketing expenditure can have stock and/or flow impacts on shareholder value. Flow effects are indirect effects that are mediated through sales, cash flows, and earnings and can be either temporary or longer term. It is concluded that in listed markets stock prices are the general surrogate for shareholder value, and risk adjusted earnings are the appropriate surrogate in non-listed markets. The thesis then empirically illustrates and tests the relationships between marketing communications expenditure on two data sets representing firms in listed and non-listed settings. The empirical results reveal that marketing expenditure does play an important role in the creation of shareholder value and that stock and flow effects are both present. Knowledge of the various empirical impacts from marketing across firm size, industry and listed and non-listed market settings observed in this thesis should prove highly valuable for marketers and managers. Finally, a conceptual understanding by marketers of the financial metrics that are required to be influenced in order to increase shareholder equity will provide greater clout in negotiations with management and boards of directors.
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Hodgson, Victoria Louise. "Linking Marketing to Shareholder Value in Listed and Non-Listed Markets." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367168.

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In this thesis it is recognised that marketing has a dual role to satisfy both customer and shareholder objectives. The issue of shareholder value creation of marketing is an important and immediate agenda for marketing executives, management and academics. To date, marketers have not been able to adequately quantify and measure shareholder value creation through marketing assets and marketing expenditure. This has led to a dilution of marketing power and influence in the boardroom with management tending to treat marketing as discretionary expenditure and not as an asset. Academics have responded with conceptual models that relate marketing assets back to shareholder value, generally through cash flow or sales models. The creation of shareholder value through marketing assets and expenditure is then conceptualised and tested empirically. The conceptual model builds on the theory of agency and incomplete markets setting to illustrate the flow effects through marketing assets to shareholder value. The conceptual model also demonstrates that marketing expenditure can have stock and/or flow impacts on shareholder value. Flow effects are indirect effects that are mediated through sales, cash flows, and earnings and can be either temporary or longer term. It is concluded that in listed markets stock prices are the general surrogate for shareholder value, and risk adjusted earnings are the appropriate surrogate in non-listed markets. The thesis then empirically illustrates and tests the relationships between marketing communications expenditure on two data sets representing firms in listed and non-listed settings. The empirical results reveal that marketing expenditure does play an important role in the creation of shareholder value and that stock and flow effects are both present. Knowledge of the various empirical impacts from marketing across firm size, industry and listed and non-listed market settings observed in this thesis should prove highly valuable for marketers and managers. Finally, a conceptual understanding by marketers of the financial metrics that are required to be influenced in order to increase shareholder equity will provide greater clout in negotiations with management and boards of directors.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Marketing
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7

Kurdi, Heba. "The impact of visitors satisfaction in explaining expenditure behaviour : A structural equation modelling approach." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30030.

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Visitor expenditure can be affected by different economic, socio-demographic and psychological variables. Previous literature have focused on the use of observed tourists and destination characteristics as explanatory variables to explain visitor expenditure, whereas the use of psychological factors has been underresearched. The present study aims to fill in the gap in the existing literature through the exploration of more extensive use of psychological variables. This is accomplished by the use of structural equation modelling (SEM), a methodological approach which seems not to have been applied before in tourism expenditure econometric models. In econometrics expenditure research, Mortazavi (2018) found satisfaction to be an endogenous regressor of expenditure. Hence, the contribution of our model is that it allows for the relationship between visitor satisfaction and visitor expenditure, and vice versa, to be tested simultaneously. Consequently, under this context we may identify the magnitude of one variable impact on another while at the same time accounting for simultaneous relationship between the two paths. The findings of this study go in hand with previous literature and economic theory which have found a positive relationship between visitor satisfaction and visitor expenditure.
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Muller, Jacob-Frans du Plessis. "An explorative study to determine the effectiveness of Vodacom (Pty) Ltd. : Western Region’s advertising and promotional expenditure." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6433.

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Kruger, Martinette. "Spending behaviour of visitors to the Klein Karoo National Arts Festival / Martinette Kruger." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2479.

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Botha, Karin. "Market segmentation of visitors to Aardklop National Arts Festival : a comparison of two methods / Karin Botha." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4339.

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Books on the topic "Marketing expenditure"

1

Kulendran, Nadarajamuthali. Australian tourism marketing expenditure elasticity estimates. Gold Coast, Qld: CRC for Sustainable Tourism, 2006.

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Pazer, Lisa. U.S. factory automation expenditures: Survey and marketing analysis. New York, N.Y: McGraw-Hill Economics, 1985.

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A, Wilks Nicoletta, ed. Marketing food to children and adolescents: A review of industry expenditures, activities, and self-regulation. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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H.R. 2064, Jobs and Exports Renewal Act of 1997: Markup before the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, July 16, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking and Financial Services. Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy. Administration's plan for authorization of FY 96 funding for the international financial institutions: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, May 2, 1995. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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1919-, Sissors Jack Zanville, ed. Media planning workbook: With discussions and problems. 5th ed. Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Business Books, 1996.

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Office, General Accounting. Renewable energy: DOE's funding and markets for wind energy and solar cell technologies : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 1999.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Water and Power. Proposed fiscal year 2001 budget request for the Bureau of Reclamation and the power marketing administrations: Hearing before the Subcommmittee on Water and Power of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session ... March 7, 2000. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Water and Power. Proposed fiscal year 2000 budget request for the Bureau of Reclamation and the power marketing administrations: Hearing before the Subcommmittee on Water and Power of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session ... March 3, 1999. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies. Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and related agencies appropriations for 1994: Dietary supplements : hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, first session. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Marketing expenditure"

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Davies, Peter, and David Pardey. "Promoting the Product -Evaluating Advertising Expenditure." In Making Sense of Marketing, 148–64. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11012-4_6.

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Linhardt, Wayne C. "Determining Black Expenditure Patterns Using Elasticity Coefficients: Developing a Profile." In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 18–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17392-4_5.

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Bausch, Thomas. "Managing hybrid destinations: challenges and lessons from the Alps." In Tourism marketing in Western Europe, 108–26. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248753.0006.

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Abstract Using the example of the Alps, it was shown that hybridity in tourism touches primarily three marketing fields: (a) Product. Because of attractions that change their character and level of appeal throughout the year or are linked to yearly events and habits, the perception of the core elements of the destination's image varies; (b) Communication. The hybridity of the product implies the need to address different target groups, as the changing focus of the destination image attracts different, often disjunctive or mutually exclusive, consumer groups; and (c) Pricing. Similar to all fields of consumption, an increasing polarization between low cost or bargain trips and high priced luxury travelling can be found. Some travellers prefer either lowcost or luxury travelling, while others change their expenditure from trip to trip.
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Bathla, Seema, and Siraj Hussain. "Structural Reforms and Governance Issues in Indian Agriculture." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 251–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0763-0_9.

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AbstractThis chapter deals with key structural issues facing Indian agriculture since Independence. In the context of federal fiscal relations as well as shared responsibilities towards agricultural development, it examines spending on capital formation and subsidies in agriculture vis-à-vis other economic sectors. It then deals with reforms in the subsidy regime (relating to both inputs and ouput) and the implications of the agri-marketing laws enacted in 2020, since retracted. The agriculture sector (including irrigation) has always received relatively lower priority in public expenditure. Morever, the spending bias has been more towards input subsidies rather than on investment, which may affect agriculture growth in due course. The institutional, price and legislative reforms and structural changes identified in the paper suggest that the agricultural sector requires handholding. The Government of India and state governments should work in tandem to accelerate rural infrastructure, target specific regions as well as small and marginal farmers for support, and create a competitive environment that stimulates investment, productivity and marketing efficiency. States should also be given more flexibility in drawing up action plans relating to the production and marketing of produce to encourage farmers and the private sector. A greater role for existing institutions in coordination and to ensure effective implementation of policies is called for.
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Baier, Daniel, and Wolfgang Polasek. "Marketing and Regional Sales: Evaluation of Expenditure Strategies by Spatial Sales Response Functions." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 673–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10745-0_74.

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Rucker, Margaret H. "Consumer Expenditures from Windfall Income." In Proceedings of the 1983 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 113–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16937-8_25.

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Shotick, Joyce Ann. "Trade-Off of Expenditures for Food Away from Home for the Wife’s Housework Time by Employment Status." In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 6–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13078-1_2.

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Annoni, Paola, Pier Alda Ferrari, and Silvia Salini. "Data Mining Analysis on Italian Family Preferences and Expenditures." In Advances in Data Mining. Applications in Medicine, Web Mining, Marketing, Image and Signal Mining, 324–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11790853_26.

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Herrington, J. Duncan, and Louis M. Capella. "The Effects of Perceived Time Pressure on Relative Shopping Time and Expenditures." In Proceedings of the 1994 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 73–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13162-7_19.

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Sharpe, Stacey, and Nicole Hanson. "Advertising Expenditures, Negative Corporate Social Performance, and Firm Performance: Does Advertising Orientation Matter? An Abstract." In Back to the Future: Using Marketing Basics to Provide Customer Value, 45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66023-3_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Marketing expenditure"

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Ingene, Charles A., and Ikuo Takahashi. "DETERMINATS OF JAPANESE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE ON CONSUMER GOODS SPECIALITY RETAILERS: 1991 – 2014." In Bridging Asia and the World: Global Platform for Interface between Marketing and Management. Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Associations, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gmc2016.08.05.01.

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Bi, Youyi, Jian Xie, Zhenghui Sha, Mingxian Wang, Yan Fu, and Wei Chen. "Modeling Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Customer Preferences in Engineering Design." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86245.

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Customer preferences are found to evolve over time and correlate with geographical locations. Studying spatiotemporal heterogeneity of customer preferences is crucial to engineering design as it provides a dynamic perspective for a thorough understanding of preference trend. However, existing analytical models for demand modeling do not take the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of customer preferences into consideration. To fill this research gap, a spatial panel modeling approach is developed in this study to investigate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of customer preferences by introducing engineering attributes explicitly as model inputs in support of demand forecasting in engineering design. In addition, a step-by-step procedure is proposed to aid the implementation of the approach. To demonstrate this approach, a case study is conducted on small SUV in China’s automotive market. Our results show that small SUVs with lower prices, higher power, and lower fuel consumption tend to have a positive impact on their sales in each region. In understanding the spatial patterns of China’s small SUV market, we found that each province has a unique spatial specific effect influencing the small SUV demand, which suggests that even if changing the design attributes of a product to the same extent, the resulting effects on product demand might be different across different regions. In understanding the underlying social-economic factors that drive the regional differences, it is found that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, length of paved roads per capita and household consumption expenditure have significantly positive influence on small SUV sales. These results demonstrate the potential capability of our approach in handling spatial variations of customers for product design and marketing strategy development. The main contribution of this research is the development of an analytical approach integrating spatiotemporal heterogeneity into demand modeling to support engineering design.
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"The Impact of the Current and Capital Expenditures on the Economic Growth in Romania." In International Conference on Business, Marketing and Information System Management. International Centre of Economics, Humanities and Management, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/icehm.ed1115049.

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Kim, Kyungok K., Jerome D. Williams, Sangdo Oh, and Gary B. Wilcox. "“KID TESTED, MOM APPROVED”: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADVERTISING EXPENDITURES AND BRANDS “MOST-LOVED” BY CHILDREN AND MOTHERS." In Bridging Asia and the World: Globalization of Marketing & Management Theory and Practice. Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Associations, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gmc2014.03.08.04.

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Muraro, Ronald P., Thomas H. Spreen, and Marisa L. Zansler. "Florida’s Citrus Canker Eradication Program: Cost-Benefit Analysis With an Example of an Endemic Citrus Canker Situation for Florida Processed Oranges." In ASME 2006 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2006-5201.

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The rapid expansion and integration of international trade, increased tourism, and changes in methods of production in recent decades have increased the likelihood of the introduction of invasive species to U.S. agriculture. Invasive species can have adverse environmental and/or economic impacts when introduced to a region. Economic impacts include marketing, production, and trade implications. One such invasive species imposing adverse economic impacts to the Florida citrus industry is a bacterial disease known as citrus canker (Xanthomonas axanopodis pv. citri). Citrus canker causes lesions on the leaves, stems, and fruit of citrus trees. The disease adversely affects the proportion of fruit intended for the fresh market, serves to weaken citrus trees, leads to a reduction in yields, and leads to higher costs of production. Florida’s Citrus Canker Eradication Program (CCEP) was implemented in the mid-1990s in an attempt to establish the guidelines for averting the spread of the disease. Currently there is no available biological or chemical cure for citrus canker. The CCEP instituted a policy of immediate eradication of any tree infected with citrus canker. Based upon the research by Gottwald et al., 2002, the CCEP also stipulated that all trees within a radius of 1900 feet of any infected trees be eradicated. Eradication is mandatory in such situations even if the trees within this radius do not yet show signs of infection. In addition to eradication, the CCEP defined additional regulations such as the decontamination of grove workers, field equipment, and packinghouses with approved chemicals (Chung et al., 2002). In 2004, an economic/benefit-cost analysis of the CCEP was conducted using the predicted values of the benefits and the costs associated with the policy. The actual expenditures of implementation through 2004 were weighed against the projected loss of revenue and the cost savings associated with an industry with pervasive citrus canker in an attempt to assess the net benefits of the policy. In this paper, a summary of the CCEP cost benefit analysis will be discussed. Three segments of Florida’s citrus industry were analyzed separately: 1) processed oranges; 2) fresh and processed grapefruit; and 3) specialty citrus fruit. An example will also be discussed which estimates the cumulative 15-year net grower returns for processed Hamlin and Valencia oranges which compares a no citrus canker situation with four possible endemic citrus canker fruit loss situations that include the additional grower costs to manage citrus canker. Note: The summary discussion presented in this paper on the economic impact of Florida’s citrus canker eradication program (CCEP) was completed in June–July 2004 prior to hurricanes Charley, Frances, and Jeanne, and in 2005 hurricane Wilma spreading citrus canker across Florida’s commercial citrus acreage. Updating economic impact of the CCEP to reflect the impact of the hurricanes is currently being planned. Paper published with permission.
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Reports on the topic "Marketing expenditure"

1

Friedman, B., and M. Miller. Green Pricing Program Marketing Expenditures: Finding the Right Balance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/968189.

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