Relevant bibliographies by topics / Marketing control

Academic literature on the topic 'Marketing control'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Marketing control"

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Verissimo, D. "Pest Control: Embrace Marketing." Science 342, no. 6160 (November 14, 2013): 798–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.342.6160.798-b.

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Veríssimo, Diogo. "Pest Control: Embrace Marketing." Science 342, no. 6160 (November 15, 2013): 798–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.342.6160.798b.

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Jaworski, Bernard J. "Toward a Theory of Marketing Control: Environmental Context, Control Types, and Consequences." Journal of Marketing 52, no. 3 (July 1988): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298805200303.

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Historically, marketing control research has involved either the development of output-oriented financial controls or the analysis of how financial controls affect performance. This work on marketing control is limited in that it (1) has focused primarily on the control of marketing plans/activities, not on the control of marketing personnel, (2) fails to capture all controls operating within the marketing unit, (3) does not consider environmental conditions that both influence the use and moderate the effects of controls, and (4) ignores the behavioral and psychological impact of controls on individuals. To overcome these limitations, a theory integrating environmental context, controls, and the consequences of controls is proposed. Previous research is categorized within the framework, relevant propositions are advanced, and directions for future research are proposed.
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Ambler, Tim. "‘Strategic Control of Marketing Finance’." Journal of Brand Management 2, no. 3 (December 1994): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/bm.1994.52.

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Klarmann, Martin, and Sven Feurer. "Control Variables in Marketing Research." Marketing ZFP 40, no. 2 (2018): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2018-2-26.

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Kling, Nathan D. "The Marketing Audit: An Extension of the Marketing Control Process." Managerial Finance 11, no. 1 (January 1985): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb013543.

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Stukanova, I. "PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL IN MARKETING SYSTEM." Bulletin of the Moskow State Regional University, no. 4 (2015): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-6646-2015-4-99-105.

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Li, Zhan G., Rodney L. Stump, and Tiger Li. "Control Combinations in Independent Marketing Channels." Journal of Marketing Channels 13, no. 4 (June 2006): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j049v13n04_03.

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Finkin, Eugene F. "Expense Control in Sales and Marketing." Journal of Business Strategy 9, no. 3 (March 1988): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb039229.

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Mukherji, Badal, Prasanta K. Pattanaik, and R. M. Sundrum. "Rationing, price control and black marketing." Indian Economic Review 54, S1 (December 2019): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41775-019-00074-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marketing control"

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Мареха, Ірина Сергіївна, Ирина Сергеевна Мареха, and Iryna Serhiivna Marekha. "Marketing pollution control." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7988.

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The problem of pollution control is an illuminating example of how governments in a market economy can harness the marketplace mechanisms of supply and demand to address a critical issue confronting the entire society. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7988
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Hui, Michael King-Man. "Perceived control, crowding and consumer satisfaction in service industries." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283591.

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Sacsara, Boza Karen Vanessa. "El control de inventarios y el costo de servicio de la empresa Marketin y Participaciónes S.A. Huancayo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Continental, 2018. http://repositorio.continental.edu.pe/handle/continental/4467.

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El presente trabajo titulado El control de inventario y el costo de servicio de la empresa Marketin y participaciones S.A. – Huancayo, tiene como propósito determinar el método de valuación de inventario adecuado para la determinación del costo de servicio en la Empresa Marketin & Participaciones S.A; teniendo en cuenta que es una empresa de servicios que se dedica a la limpieza integral, jardinería, saneamiento ambiental, por lo cual es muy importante contar con un costo de servicios eficiente que permita costear de manera razonable. Mediante una comparación entre el costeo realizado por la empresa de manera empírica y los costos por órdenes de servicio.
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Leung, Ho-yin. "Stochastic models for optimal control problems with applications." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42841781.

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Pais, Gabriel Dias. "Order book modeling and control." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2012. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2209.

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On 6th May 2010, the stock market experienced in few minutes a large price decline and recovery collectively known as the Flash Crash. A serie of events on financial market before and during the flash crash setted up a high volume of transactions and unbalanced order flow collapsing into a lack of liquidity. The ultimate effect of this event was a challenge to the investor';s confidence in the markets. The financial regulators, responsibles to maintain the integrity of the financial makets, must be ahead of technological advances and be prepared to handle with unbalanced order flow and illiquidity scenarios. This work presents a preliminary and innovative solution for financial regulators to manage unbalanced order flow and to control an Order Book based on assumptions of Control Theory. Empirical simulations showed that in a high frequency world, algorithms could be used to control an Order Book and deal with Automatic Traders and Market Makers regulating the economy of supply and demand by adjusting execution fees. Under a stress scenario, when the Order Book become too unbalanced, the control system may change the fees attempting to induce the market makers to assume the role of counterpart of the Order book. The new orders may tend to balance the order flow and therefore prevent the imminent illiquidity scenario. Case studies show that an Order Book control can be an useful tool to manage unbalanced order flow and to promote market integrity.
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Tang, Yangyi. "The effectiveness of underdog brand positioning : how inspiration drives low-control consumers' preference for underdog brands." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/818.

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Many marketers choose to position their brands as underdogs instead of top dogs in the marketplace. Research shows that underdog positioning may help marketers to create competitive advantages, although when and why consumers respond favorability to such positioning strategy is not fully understood. While a handful of studies found that underdog positioning is more effective than top-dog positioning for certain types of brands or consumers, little is known about how consumers'psychological state may influence their responses to underdog positioning. Existing literature on underdog positioning mainly attributes consumers' favorable responses to its ability to elicit empathy for the brand, neglecting the potential benefit that consumers can gain from their underdog support. To address these gaps, this thesis examines how personal control influences consumers' responses to underdog (vs. top dog) positioning. It was proposed that brands positioned as underdogs are preferred over those positioned as top dogs by consumers whose personal control is low because underdog positioning can inspire those consumers to restore their threatened control. Five experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses. Experiment 1 demonstrates that when consumers' personal control is low, consumers prefer brands positioned as underdogs over those positioned as top dogs. Experiment 2 uncovers the underlying mechanism of the observed effect: The relative preference for underdog positioning among low-control consumers occurs because the passion and determination exemplified in such positioning can inspire those consumers to cope with their loss or lack of control. In line with this mechanism, Experiment 3 provides supportive evidence that the acquisition of the brand positioned as an underdog, but not the acquisition of the brand positioned as a top dog, increases low-control consumers'feelings of control. The last two experiments show that low-control consumers' relative preference for underdog positioning is further moderated by both their shopping orientation and the causal attribution for their loss of control. The findings of this thesis contribute to the growing research on underdog positioning and customer inspiration, and the results have practical implications for marketers in terms of effectiveness of marketing communications.
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Buechner, Bryan M. "Downside of Self-Control." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1593171428998524.

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Miao, Chenjie. "Salesforce control systems an integrated approach /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4811.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 6, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Leung, Ho-yin, and 梁浩賢. "Stochastic models for optimal control problems with applications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42841781.

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Sobbizadeh, Hibel. "Mobile Broadband: A Market Research." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8727.

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Abstract Title: Mobile Broadband: A Market Research Level: Thesis for Master of Business Administration in Marketing Management Address: University of Gävle Department of Business Administration 801 76 Gävle Sweden Telephone (+46) 26 64 85 00 Telefax (+46) 26 64 85 89 Web site http://www.hig.se Author: Hibel Sobbizadeh Supervisor: Maria Fregidou-Malama Date: 2010-01 Aim: This research is performed in order to investigate about Mobile Broadband (MB) market and the evolution of mobile broadband modems in this market. The aim is to find out how the MB market is developing and which MB modems are dominating the market at present and future time. The study describes the history behind the MB market and its present and future state where an increase of “internet connected” devices is almost inevitable. It at the same time discusses how the MB modems are developing from today‟s PC data cards and USB dongles to integrated modules in different devices. Method: The research is based on published and unpublished articles and data found on internet. Different search engines and databases such as Google and Gävle University library-databases are used to find various data. This empirical data is then connected to theory containing Marketing analysis, planning, implementation and control. The analysis 3 part (PEST) gives a picture of the Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors of the MB market, while the planning, implementation and control parts of the work give an overview of the threats and opportunities of the market and the strategies to overcome the problems and embrace the opportunities. Result & Conclusions: The study demonstrates that MB market has potential of becoming a successful market where devices with embedded module will be connected to internet anywhere at anytime. This requires cooperation from all the players in the value chain. The companies that choose and implement the best marketing and value chain cooperation strategies will be leaders of this future market. Suggestion for future research: One of the biggest challenges and limitations during the work of this study due to its newness was to find empirical data about MB market. As the time passes new information and statistics will make it easier for further research. As the technology is developing rapidly it is recommended to use the latest articles and statistics on internet when gathering new research material. Contribution of the thesis: This study contains valuable input to people and organizations who would like to get an overview of the MB and MB modem markets‟ development in the coming years. Key words: Mobile Broadband, PEST analysis, marketing planning, marketing strategy, marketing implementation, marketing control, embedded modules.
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Books on the topic "Marketing control"

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Wardell, Keith. Marketing out of control. [United States?}: Marketing1by1, 2007.

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Doust, Peter. Marketing management: Planning and control. London: Financial Training, 1986.

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Haigh, David. Strategic control of marketing finance. London: Pitman, 1993.

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John, Ensor, and Chartered Institute of Marketing, eds. Strategic marketing: Planning and control. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.

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John, Ensor, and Chartered Institute of Marketing, eds. Strategic marketing: Planning and control. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 1999.

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John, Ensor, and Ashford Ruth, eds. Strategic marketing: Planning and control. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008.

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Strategic control of marketing finance. London: Financial Times, 1994.

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Distribution: Planning and control. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1996.

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Strategic marketing management: Planning and control. Planning and control. Cookham: CIM Pub., 2002.

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Marketing, Chartered Institute of. Strategic marketing management: Planning and control. 5th ed. London: BBP, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Marketing control"

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McDonald, Malcolm, Martin Christopher, and Margrit Bass. "Marketing information and control." In Marketing, 451–76. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-3741-4_19.

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Christopher, Martin, and Malcolm McDonald. "Organisation and Control of Marketing." In Marketing, 312–25. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23858-3_21.

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Eagle, Lynne, Barbara Czarnecka, Stephan Dahl, and Jenny Lloyd. "Evaluation and control." In Marketing Communications, 348–63. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003089292-18.

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Baker, Michael J. "Control." In Marketing Strategy and Management, 491–514. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22167-7_21.

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Sethi, Suresh P. "Applications to Marketing." In Optimal Control Theory, 225–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98237-3_7.

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Ingwer, Mark. "The Need for Control." In Empathetic Marketing, 45–68. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-51200-0_4.

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Mcdonald, Malcolm, and Ailsa Kolsaker. "Marketing Information and Control." In MBA Marketing, 425–42. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-30028-7_21.

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Schmidt, Ruth A., and Helen Wright. "Budgetary Control." In Financial Aspects of Marketing, 159–66. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25020-2_20.

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Tomczak, Torsten, Sven Reinecke, and Alfred Kuss. "Marketing Implementation and Management Control." In Strategic Marketing, 223–44. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18417-9_6.

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Hannagan, Tim. "The Control of Marketing." In Marketing for the Non-profit Sector, 175–87. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11632-4_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Marketing control"

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Hai-yan, Zhang, Wang Qi, and Ma Xuan. "Research on WeChat marketing path of enhancing customer marketing experiences." In 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2016.7531793.

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Wang, Ping. "Online Book Marketing System." In 2015 International Conference on Management, Education, Information and Control. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meici-15.2015.323.

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Liu, Min, and TianShi Qu. "Cases Discussion for Viral Marketing." In 2011 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering (CASE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccase.2011.5997667.

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Zhang, Liwei, Yan Chen, and Fei Chen. "Marketing Risk Evaluation of Supply Chain." In 2008 3rd International Conference on Innovative Computing Information and Control. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicic.2008.346.

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Xin, Chen. "Integrated approach in e-relationship marketing." In 2009 ISECS International Colloquium on Computing, Communication, Control, and Management (CCCM). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cccm.2009.5267512.

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Ma, Tsung-Kuang E., Dong Jenn Yang, and Hong Ngoc Truong. "Repetitive message effect in green marketing communication." In 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecc.2011.6068000.

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Varma, Vineeth S., Irinel-Constantin Morarescu, Samson Lasaulce, and Samuel Martin. "Opinion dynamics aware marketing strategies in duopolies." In 2017 IEEE 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2017.8264227.

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Lin, Ruilin, Jingchen Xie, Yoau-Chau Jeng, and Fang-Chao Zou. "The marketing constructs of internet auction sellers." In 2010 International Symposium on Computer, Communication, Control and Automation (3CA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3ca.2010.5533786.

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Kuo, Nai-Wen, and Ya-Ching Lin. "The Experiential Marketing Framework under Internet Environment." In Second International Conference on Innovative Computing, Informatio and Control (ICICIC 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicic.2007.572.

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Zhang, Qiang. "Strategy Analysis of Real Estate Network Marketing." In 2014 International Conference on Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering (MCE-14). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mce-14.2014.193.

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Reports on the topic "Marketing control"

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Young, Shelton R., Terrance Wing, James McDermott, Paul Hollister, Herman Tolbert, Brett Mansfield, Mike Talevi, and Susann L. Cobb. Logistics: Navy Controls Over Material Sent to Defense Reutilization and Marketing Offices. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432857.

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Saha, Amrita, Marco Carreras, and John Thompson. A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa. APRA, Future Agricultures Consortium, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.011.

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Since it began in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic led to considerable concerns about the viability of local food systems and rural livelihoods across sub-Saharan Africa. This paper presents the results of a three-round assessment of the effects of COVID-19 on the farming, labour and marketing practices, food and nutrition security, and well-being of over 800 male- and female-headed rural households in eight countries – Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. In this paper, we argue that when we closely examine the lived experiences of people in different country contexts, results suggest that the immediate restrictions and strict control measures imposed by governments at the start of the pandemic on social and commercial activities acted as a major shock to the well-being of many rural households and communities. Furthermore, while some households and communities were able to find ways to cope or adapt to the COVID-19-related disruptions, for others the pandemic coincided with a number of other shocks and stresses (extreme weather events, locust infestations, conflict and insecurity, or a combination of these), exacerbating some of the observed risks.
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Sopein-Mann, Oluwafunmike, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Medicines Regulation in West Africa: Current State and Opportu-nities. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317443.

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Ndomondo-Sigonda et al. (2017) observed that there is scarcity of information on human resources (person-nel devoted to regulation of medicines) in the domain of medicines regulation in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The published information on medicines regulation by the National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region are no longer current and consistent with the current realities in the NMRAs. In order to reveal this occurrence, show the trends that exist over the years and make appropriate recommendations, data were collected and compared from 2005, 2010 and 2017 research reports on seven regulatory features of the fifteen Members States of ECOWAS. The re-sults show that there was missing information per regulatory feature and country. There was also an overall increasing trend in the number of NMRAs in the region that showed progress with respect to the measured regulatory features - Autonomy (Authority and Legal form), Marketing Authorization), GMP inspection, Quality Control, Quality Management System, Information Management System and Harmonization and International cooperation. People of Africa have a valuable story to tell as it relates to medicines regulation. This report is written by a West African from the perspective of a West African involved in the study and practice of medi-cines regulation by the NMRAs in the ECOWAS.
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Avis, William. Responsible E-Waste Value Chains in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.015.

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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on e-waste value chains. The report should be read I conjunction with an earlier report on e-waste management. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. When e-waste is collected and treated formally, it normally includes the following steps: Collection, Sorting and disassembly, Size reduction, Separation. The following five pillars of a sustainable e-waste management system have been identified: • Business and finance • Policy and regulation • Technology and skills • Monitoring and control • Marketing and awareness As such, to support the development of a responsible e-waste value chain, the following elements must be addressed. • Understanding how e-waste is currently managed • There is no one-size-fits all solution to building a robust e-waste management system based on extended producer responsibility. • An e-waste system built without a participatory approach is likely to be hampered by a series of issues. • An overarching policy is necessary • The choices made for the sector should be founded on two crucial elements – data from on the ground, and inputs from stakeholders. • Enforcement is incumbent on the government mandate The push towards a circular economy has provided stakeholders across the value chain with an impetus to initiate systemic improvements and invest in infrastructure and awareness raising.
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Shomer, Ilan, Ruth E. Stark, Victor Gaba, and James D. Batteas. Understanding the hardening syndrome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue to eliminate textural defects in fresh and fresh-peeled/cut products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587238.bard.

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The project sought to understand factors and mechanisms involved in the hardening of potato tubers. This syndrome inhibits heat softening due to intercellular adhesion (ICA) strengthening, compromising the marketing of industrially processed potatoes, particularly fresh peeled-cut or frozen tubers. However, ICA strengthening occurs under conditions which are inconsistent with the current ideas that relate it to Ca-pectate following pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity or to formation of rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-II-borate. First, it was necessary to induce strengthening of the middle lamellar complex (MLX) and the ICA as a stress response in some plant parenchyma. As normally this syndrome does not occur uniformly enough to study it, we devised an efficient model in which ICA-strengthening is induced consistently under simulated stress by short-chain, linear, mono-carboxylic acid molecules (OAM), at 65 oC [appendix 1 (Shomer&Kaaber, 2006)]. This rapid strengthening was insufficient for allowing the involved agents assembly to be identifiable; but it enabled us to develop an efficient in vitro system on potato tuber parenchyma slices at 25 ºC for 7 days, whereas unified stress was reliably simulated by OAMs in all the tissue cells. Such consistent ICA-strengthening in vitro was found to be induced according to the unique physicochemical features of each OAM as related to its lipophilicity (Ko/w), pKa, protonated proportion, and carbon chain length by the following parameters: OAM dissociation constant (Kdiss), adsorption affinity constant (KA), number of adsorbed OAMs required for ICA response (cooperativity factor) and the water-induced ICA (ICAwater). Notably, ICA-strengthening is accompanied by cell sap leakage, reflecting cell membrane rupture. In vitro, stress simulation by OAMs at pH<pKa facilitated the consistent assembly of ICAstrengthening agents, which we were able to characterize for the first time at the molecular level within purified insoluble cell wall of ICA-strengthened tissue. (a) With solid-state NMR, we established the chemical structure and covalent binding to cell walls of suberin-like agents associated exclusively with ICA strengthening [appendix 3 (Yu et al., 2006)]; (b) Using proteomics, 8 isoforms of cell wall-bound patatin (a soluble vacuolar 42-kDa protein) were identified exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue; (c) With light/electron microscopy, ultrastructural characterization, histochemistry and immunolabeling, we co-localized patatin and pectin in the primary cell wall and prominently in the MLX; (d) determination of cell wall composition (pectin, neutral sugars, Ca-pectate) yielded similar results in both controls and ICA-strengthened tissue, implicating factors other than PME activity, Ca2+ or borate ions; (e) X-ray powder diffraction experiments revealed that the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall is masked by pectin and neutral sugars (mainly galactan), whereas heat or enzymatic pectin degradation exposed the crystalline cellulose structure. Thus, we found that exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue, heat-resistant pectin is evident in the presence of patatin and suberinlike agents, where the cellulose crystallinity was more hidden than in fresh control tissue. Conclusions: Stress response ICA-strengthening is simulated consistently by OAMs at pH< pKa, although PME and formation of Ca-pectate and RG-II-borate are inhibited. By contrast, at pH>pKa and particularly at pH 7, ICA-strengthening is mostly inhibited, although PME activity and formation of Ca-pectate or RG-II-borate are known to be facilitated. We found that upon stress, vacuolar patatin is released with cell sap leakage, allowing the patatin to associate with the pectin in both the primary cell wall and the MLX. The stress response also includes formation of covalently bound suberin-like polyesters within the insoluble cell wall. The experiments validated the hypotheses, thus led to a novel picture of the structural and molecular alterations responsible for the textural behavior of potato tuber. These findings represent a breakthrough towards understanding of the hardening syndrome, laying the groundwork for potato-handling strategies that assure textural quality of industrially processed particularly in fresh peeled cut tubers, ready-to-prepare and frozen preserved products.
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6

Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Noam Meiri. Development of Strategic Pre-Natal Cycling Thermal Treatments to Improve Livability and Productivity of Heavy Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593395.bard.

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The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and live performance led to the following hypothesis: Appropriate comprehensive incubation treatments that include significant temperature management changes will promote angiogenesis and will improve acquisition of thermotolerance and carcass quality of heavy broilers through epigenetic adaptation. It was based on the following questions: 1. Can TM during embryogenesis of broilers induce a longer-lasting thermoregulatory memory (up to marketing age of 10 wk) that will improve acquisition of thermotolerance as well as increased breast meat yield in heavy broilers? 2. The improved sensible heat loss (SHL) suggests an improved peripheral vasodilation process. Does elevated temperature during incubation affect vasculogenesis and angiogenesis processes in the chick embryo? Will such create subsequent advantages for heavy broilers coping with adverse hot conditions? 3. What are the changes that occur in the PO/AH that induce the changes in the threshold response for heat production/heat loss based on the concept of epigenetic temperature adaptation? The original objectives of this study were as follow: a. to assess the improvement of thermotolerance efficiency and carcass quality of heavy broilers (~4 kg); b. toimproveperipheral vascularization and angiogenesis that improve sensible heat loss (SHL); c. to study the changes in the PO/AH thermoregulatory response for heat production/losscaused by modulating incubation temperature. To reach the goals: a. the effect of TM on performance and thermotolerance of broilers reared to 10 wk of age was studied. b. the effect of preincubation heating with an elevated temperature during the 1ˢᵗ 3 to 5 d of incubation in the presence of modified fresh air flow coupled with changes in turning frequency was elucidated; c.the effect of elevated temperature on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis was determined using in ovo and whole embryo chick culture as well as HIF-1α VEGF-α2 VEGF-R, FGF-2, and Gelatinase A (MMP2) gene expression. The effects on peripheral blood system of post-hatch chicks was determined with an infrared thermal imaging technique; c. the expression of BDNF was determined during the development of the thermal control set-point in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH). Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” Recently, Piestunet al. (2008) demonstrated for the first time that TM (an elevated incubation temperature of 39.5°C for 12 h/d from E7 to E16) during the development/maturation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis (thermoregulation) and the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis (stress) significantly improved the thermotolerance and performance of broilers at 35 d of age. These phenomena raised two questions that were addressed in this project: 1. was it possible to detect changes leading to the determination of the “set point”; 2. Did TM have a similar long lasting effect (up to 70 d of age)? 3. Did other TM combinations (pre-heating and heating during the 1ˢᵗ 3 to 5 d of incubation) coupled with changes in turning frequency have any performance effect? The improved thermotolerance resulted mainly from an efficient capacity to reduce heat production and the level of stress that coincided with an increase in SHL (Piestunet al., 2008; 2009). The increase in SHL (Piestunet al., 2009) suggested an additional positive effect of TM on vasculogenesis and angiogensis. 4. In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of the chorioallantoic membrane development was thought to increase vasculogenesis and angiogenesis providing better vasodilatation and by that SHL post-hatch.
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7

Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Orna Halevy. Pre-natal Epigenetic Adaptation to Improve Thermotolerance Acquisition and Performance of Fast-growing Meat-type Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592120.bard.

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: The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and performance led to the following hypothesis: (a) thethermoregulatory-response threshold for heat production can be altered by thermal manipulation (TM) during incubation so as to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance in the post-hatch broiler;and (b) TM during embryogenesis will improve myoblast proliferation during the embryonic and post-hatch periods with subsequent enhanced muscle growth and meat production. The original objectives of this study were as follow: 1. to assess the timing, temperature, duration, and turning frequency required for optimal TM during embryogenesis; 2. to evaluate the effect of TM during embryogenesis on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during four phases: (1) embryogenesis, (2) at hatch, (3) during growth, and (4) during heat challenge near marketing age; 3. to investigate the stimulatory effect of thermotolerance on hormones that regulate thermogenesis and stress (T₄, T₃, corticosterone, glucagon); 4. to determine the effect of TM on performance (BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, breast muscle yield) of broiler chickens; and 5. to study the effect of TM during embryogenesis on skeletal muscle growth, including myoblast proliferation and fiber development, in the embryo and post-hatch chicks.This study has achieved all the original objectives. Only the plasma glucagon concentration (objective 3) was not measured as a result of technical obstacles. Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of embryogenesis when satellite cell population normally expand should increase absolute pectoralis muscle weight in broilers post-hatch. Major conclusions: Intermittent TM (39.5°C for 12 h/day) during embryogenesis when the thyroid and adrenal axis was developing and maturing (E7 to E16 inclusive) had a long lasting thermoregulatory effect that improved thermotolerance of broiler chickens exposed to acute thermal stress at market age by lowering their functional Tb set point, thus lowering metabolic rate at hatch, improving sensible heat loss, and significantly decreasing the level of stress. Increased machine ventilation rate was required during TM so as to supply the oxygen required for the periods of increased embryonic development. Enhancing embryonic development was found to be accomplished by a combination of pre-incubation heating of embryos for 12 h at 30°C, followed by increasing incubation temperature to 38°C during the first 3 days of incubation. It was further facilitated by increasing turning frequency of the eggs to 48 or 96 times daily. TM during critical phases of muscle development in the late-term chick embryo (E16 to E18) for 3 or 6 hours (39.5°C) had an immediate stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation that lasted for up to two weeks post-hatch; this was followed by increased hypertrophy at later ages. The various incubation temperatures and TM durations focused on the fine-tuning of muscle development and growth processes during late-term embryogenesis as well as in post-hatch chickens.
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