Dissertations / Theses: 'Marketing Australia Management'

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Taghian, Mehdi, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Market fit, market orientation, and business performance: An empirical investigation." Deakin University. Deakin Business School, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.135152.

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This thesis investigated the congruence of an organisation to its intended target markets. It was hypothesised that the internal activities of an organisation are, potentially, structured in response to its market dynamics with the ultimate aim of achieving the organisational objective(s). Market fit has been conceptualised to represent the fit of an organisation to its operating market environment. The information for this study was collected from senior marketing decision makers, using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample comprised 216 companies from a mix of industries and organisational sizes in Australia. There is evidence to suggest that the association of market orientation and business performance is inconsistent under different business operating circumstances, due to the exclusion of the influence of key environmental moderators. The model of market fit attempts to overcome this condition. The results suggest that market fit is associated with measures of business performance, and the levels of association are different from those related to the market orientation measures, reflecting the influence of moderators. The categories of environmental moderators contributing at different levels to the market fit measure include: (1) marketing planning, (2) implementation of marketing decisions, (3) market orientation, (4) market strength, (5) generic strategies, (6) organisational culture, (7) familiarity with the marketing audit, and (8) the external environment. The marketing audit procedure has been recommended as a tool to assist with the establishment and maintenance of market fit. The results of this study indicate that organisational familiarity with, and the conduct of, the marketing audit periodically are low, and that market fit may be a better predictor of business performance, than is market orientation.

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Venkatesan, Venkateswara S. "The marketing orientation of small and medium enterprises: An Australian study." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1497.

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The market orientation construct has emerged as a key marketing theme in the 1990's. While the concept of being focussed on the market (customers and competitors) has been known since the early 1950's (e.g. Drucker,1954), putting the concept into practice through a set of specific actions has eluded many organisations and academics. As a result, market orientation (also termed market focus, customer focus and competitor focus) had remained a business philosophy (Bennett & Cooper, 1979: Felton, 1959; Konopa & Calabro,1971) more than a strategic approach. While there have been sporadic attempts at defining or operationalisinga marketing or customer orientation in the past (Gronrnos, 1989: Kotler, 1977: Masiello, 1988: Webster,1988), the first serious effort in the early 1990's when Kohli and Jaworski (1990) and Narver and Slater (1990 defined market orientation as a set of organisational activities or behaviours. Narver and Slater also found a positive link between having such an orientation and business performance. The emphasis in both models was on obtaining and understanding customers and competitors and responding to customers' needs better than competitors through a coordinated effort across the organisation. Subsequently a number of studies have supported the positive relationship between market orientation and business performance. However, results have not been consistent and several variables have been shown to moderate the market orientation performance relationship. All of the major market orientation studies have been undertaken within large organisations and very little is known about the market orientation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), or of its relationship to their performance. It is recognised that SMEs are different from large businesses some of their marketing practices are unique to SME. Given this uniqueness, the present research examined the applicability of existing market orientation constructs and models to SMEs. For this purpose, Kohli and Jaworski's and Narver and Slater's constructs were modified and some unique SME items were added. Following a staged research approach, as recommended by Churchill (1979), a randomly chosen sample of Australian SMEs was surveyed. In all, more than 700 responses were received, of which 542, were used in the present study. The results obtained suggested that while a form of market orientation existed in SMEs, its operationalisation was different. Of Kohli and Jaworski’s (1990) three dimensions, (intelligence generation, dissemination and organisational response), organisational response could not be supported. The study also provided support for Narver and Slater's (1990) customer and competitor orientation constructs. The third construct 'inter-functional coordination' was not included as early qualitative interviews made it clear that it had no meaning in an SME context. Customer and competitor orientations emerged as distinct constructs but the interrelationship between the two suggested the presence of a higher order 'market orientation' construct. Compared to the organisations analysed in earlier studies, the SMEs in the current study were small in size and very few had multiple functional areas. In most of the businesses, marketing did not exist as a separate function. Consequently there was 110 support for constructs such as organisational response and inter-functional coordination. The informal nature of SMEs marketing activities was evident in the market orientation constructs. It appeared that SMEs collect their intelligence through informal means. Their marketing activities were also based more on intuition than logic. Apart from customer and competitor orientations, a customer service orientation emerged as an important element. Having a customer service orientation led to customer satisfaction and, hence, to repeal business, which was considered to be extremely important by the small businesses surveyed. Having a customer service orientation also had a positive impact on the organisational commitment of employees, repeat business and business performance. The overall impact of customer orientation and competitor orientation on business performance was positive, but small. This was not surprising as respondents took a casual or intuitive approach to marketing. It seems that small business performance is constrained by factors other than marketing, such as the availability of resources. Further, even among large businesses. The market orientation-performance relationship has not been consistently positive or significant. The present results suggest that market orientation, as practised in large businesses, or as articulated by academics, may not be applicable to SMEs and that customer service elements needed to be included in the model. As regards performance, the results obtained suggest that factors other than marketing are also critical and fun her research is needed to tease out the nature of these additional factors.

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Meyer, Paula. "Will the show go on? a marketing concept analysis of the management effectiveness of agricultural show societies in Australia /." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/35888.

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Thesis (M. Commerce (Hons.)) -- University of Western Sydney, 2008.
A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Business, School of Marketing, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce (Honours). Includes bibliographical references.

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Wismiarsi, Tri 1966. "Relationship between the degree of internationalisation, firm characteristics, international market orientation and learning orientation." Monash University, Dept. of Marketing, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5337.

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Stokes, Robyn L., and n/a. "Inter-Organisational Relationships for Events Tourism Strategy Making in Australian States and Territories." Griffith University. School of Tourism and Hotel Management, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040218.160232.

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This research examines the impact of inter-organisational relationships of public sector events agencies on events tourism strategy making within Australian state/territories. The global expansion of events tourism and sustained interest in networks and relationships as conduits to strategy underpin this topic. Although public sector institutional arrangements exist in many countries including Australia to develop events tourism, there is no known empirical research of inter-organisational relationships for strategy making in this domain. Against this background, the research problem of the thesis is: How and why do inter-organisational relationships of public sector events agencies impact upon events tourism strategy making within Australian states and territories? Based on a review of themes and issues within the two parent theories of tourism strategy and inter-organisational relationships, a theoretical framework and four research issues are developed. These issues are: RI 1: How does the public sector institutional environment impact upon events tourism strategies and the inter-organisational relationships that shape them, and why? RI 2: How do events tourism strategy forms and processes reflect and influence events agencies' inter-organisational relationships, and why? RI 3: What are the forms and characteristics of events agencies' inter- organisational relationships for shaping events tourism strategies, and why? RI 4: What are the incentives and disincentives for events agencies to engage in inter-organisational relationships for events tourism strategy making, and why? Because this research explores a new field within events tourism, it adopts a realism paradigm to uncover the 'realities' of events agencies' inter-organisational relationships and strategies. Two qualitative methodologies are adopted: the convergent interview technique (Carson, Gilmore, Perry, and Gronhaug 2001b; Dick 1990) and multiple case research (Perry 1998, 2001; Yin 1994). The convergent interviews serve to explore and refine the theoretical framework and the four research issues investigated in the multiple case research. These cases are represented by the inter-organisational relationships of events agencies in six Australian states/territories. Findings about the public sector institutional environment (research issue 1) show that events tourism strategies are influenced by different public sector policies and influences, the organisational arrangements for events tourism, the roles of events agencies and the lifecycle phase of events tourism in each state/territory. In relation to events tourism strategy forms (research issue 2), reactive/proactive strategies that respond to or address arising events or opportunities are common with a limited application of formal planning strategies. However, events agencies' strategy processes do reflect a range of strategic activities of importance. Inter-organisational relationships of events agencies (research issue 3) are typified by informal, government-led networks that influence, rather than develop, events tourism strategies. Finally, the importance of a number of incentives and disincentives for agencies to engage in inter-organisational relationships for events tourism strategy making is established. The final conceptual model depicts the themes within all four research issues and links between them to address the research problem. The conclusions of this research make a major contribution to events tourism theory and build upon theories in tourism strategy and inter-organisational relationships. Further research opportunities are presented by these conclusions and the conceptual model which may be explored using other methodologies or alternative research contexts. Practical implications of the research for policy makers and agency executives relate to policy-strategy linkages, public sector organisational arrangements for events tourism, strategy forms and processes and frameworks to engage stakeholders in inter-organisational relationships for strategy making. Knowledge of incentives and disincentives for these inter-organisational relationships also provides a platform for events agencies to reflect upon and revise their modes of governance for events tourism strategy making.

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Nosaka, Kaoru. "Encroaching on Freedoms? Values related to freedom and readiness to accept social marketing activities in Australia and Japanese students." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/374.

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Do Australian and Japanese university students feel that social marketing is encroaching on their freedoms or empowering them? For example, how do they react to social marketing messages such as ‘Don’t Drink and Drive’ and ‘Reduce, Reuse, Recycle’? Social marketing activities include advocating for environmental change, laws, and regulations as well as making recommendations to individuals to change behaviours to promote the good of society; however, some people believe that such activities are attempts to control people, infringing upon their individual freedom. While behavioural models and theories have recognised the influence of an individual’s predisposition towards a recommended behaviour (such as quitting smoking), at present, there has been little attention paid to an individual’s predisposition towards the social change directives themselves, the social marketing activities/techniques in general; the present study is calling this predisposition the individual’s ‘readiness to accept’ social marketing activities. Hence, this study investigated the influence of values relating to the freedom of the individual on ‘readiness to accept government-sponsored social marketing activities’ in Australian and Japanese university students aged between 18 and 23 years.

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Hall, Edward John. "The influence of occasion on consumer choice: an occasion based, value oriented investigation of wine purchase, using means-end chain analysis." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh1756.pdf.

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Includes list of Supplementary refereed publications relating to thesis; and of Refereed conference papers, as appendix 1 Includes bibliograhical references (p. 316-343) Focusses particularly on the purchase of wine and the factors that influence consumer choice and the values that drive the decision process across different consumption occasions. The effectiveness of occasion as part of the theoretical model of means-end chain analysis is investigated, as well as the feasibility of occasion in the Olsen and Thach (2001) conceptual framework of consumer behavior relating to wine.

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Sneddon, Joanne. "Innovation in the Australian wool industry : a sensemaking perspective." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Management, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0010.

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Achieving the successful development, transfer and adoption of new agricultural technology is a popular issue in the innovation literature. Innovation diffusion and economic theory has informed this literature by emphasising the central role that technology attributes and economic rationality play in the adoption of new technology. In agricultural innovation context, research has traditionally taken a technological determinist perspective, assuming that technologies shape society and that all technological change is positive and progressive. As a result of limitations of the linear, determinist perspective of agricultural innovation to explain how new technologies are adopted and diffused, social constructivist approaches to agricultural innovation have emerged as a complement to this approach. However, a unifying framework of the social construction of new agricultural technologies has not been presented in the agricultural innovation literature. In this study Karl Weicks seven properties of sensemaking are used as the foundation for the development of a unifying conceptual framework for the examination of the social construction of agricultural technology. This thesis is a study of sensemaking in the context of agricultural innovation. It examines how participants in the Australian wool industry make sense of new technologies and how that sensemaking shapes their use of new technologies over time. The focal innovation initiative studied in this thesis is the development, transfer, adoption and abandonment of objective wool fibre testing technologies. This initiative commenced in the 1960s and has resulted in significant changes in the way that Australian wool is produced, marketed and processed. An interpretive research paradigm is adopted in this study. A theory-building case study approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis is used to capture the ongoing, iterative, enactive and social actions and interactions that occur throughout the agricultural innovation process. The case study is divided into three separate but interlocking empirical analyses which examine how industry participants' sensemaking shaped their use of wool testing technologies at the industry, technological system and individual farm level. The findings and implications of the three empirical studies in this thesis are discussed in relation to (1) the interpretation frameworks of agricultural industry participants and technology enactment, (2) the sensemaking process, (3) the social construction of shared technology frames, and (4) the social construction of industry belief systems. This study contributes to the debate on the social construction of agricultural technology and sensemaking in the innovation process by exploring the development, transfer, adoption and abandonment of new wool fibre testing technologies by industry participants over time. It builds on theoretical and empirical agricultural innovation and sensemaking research, and draws on a theoretical framework sensitive to the social construction of technology at the individual, group and industry levels. In doing so this study develops the concept of sensemaking in the agricultural innovation process as a way of deepening our understanding of how new agricultural technologies are transferred, adopted and diffused.

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Santarelli, Bruno. "Creativity, design and management in Australian fashion enterprises." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1770.

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In this study a number of Australian fashion enterprises are investigated in an effort to understand how product development is managed and creativity facilitated. Of particular interest was the interaction between the various actors in the creative process and the manner in which they influenced creative output. The study was underpinned by a wideranging review of the literature that reflects the multidisciplinary nature of creativity and innovation in business. The study is timely because Australian fashion enterprises are operating in an increasingly challenging market with a perfect storm of competitive drivers at play. Technology enables instant dissemination of fashion trends and easy international shopping online. Tariff reductions and free trade agreements provide less protection for local manufacturers and revenues have contracted sharply in recent years. Retail revenues have flat-lined at a time when a number of global superbrands are opening stores in Australia with aggressive expansion plans. In response, government and industry groups are promoting product differentiation and innovation as key levers for competitiveness for Australian businesses. The reason for undertaking the study was to investigate contemporary product development practices, to identify barriers to creativity and find ways that enterprises can leverage the creative abilities of employees to improve innovation practices. Managers of six enterprises from a diverse range of markets and enterprise types agreed to participate in a descriptive study of their product development practices. The study deployed a qualitative case based methodology and used a combination of data collection types including participant observation and field observation, field interviews, documents and artefacts. The data was analysed within case for key contextual findings and across case for broader themes and patterns. Participant enterprises employed a variety of approaches to product development as described in the innovation literature (for example, Cappetta, Cillo, & Ponti, 2006; Cillo & Verona, 2008; Dell'Era & Verganti, 2007; Payne, 2011; Perks, Cooper, & Jones, 2005; Ward, Runcie, & Morris, 2009; Weller, 2007), with hybrid approaches at work in some cases. Management were not always aware of the practice implications for the various approaches, and though all participants deemed creativity important, it was not explicitly measured or rewarded. The dichotomy between management and creativity, a prevalent theme in the literature (for example, Adorno, 1997; Caves, 2000; Townley, Beech, & McKinlay, 2009), did not present strongly in the participant cases. Instead, more collaborative creative practices were in evidence where designers, merchandisers, sales and business managers developed and decided on product together. The study provides rich detail about collaborative product development practices at an operational level that balances the management and leadership focus of the literature by leading creativity scholars in the field (for example, Amabile, Schatzel, Moneta, & Kramer, 2004; Basadur, 2004; Černe, Jaklič, & Škerlavaj, 2013; Mumford, Scott, Gaddis, & Strange, 2002; Shalley & Gilson, 2004). Similar to Tran’s (2010) detailed study on the practice of fashion designers, this study provides a window into distributed creative processes involving a variety of actors. Cross case analysis has revealed a number of themes that have implications for practice. These include the need for greater alignment of product development with strategic intent; the influence of organisational structure and reporting on creative processes; and the need to develop metrics and performance management systems that focus specifically on creativity.

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Seares, Roger C. "Market orientation, organisational culture and organisational performance : an analysis of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Management, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0105.

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Špaček, Daniel. "Rozvoj obchodních aktivit společnosti ZETOR TRACTORS a. s." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442341.

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Following thesis deals with development of business activities of company ZETOR TRACTORS, a. s. on Australian market. First part of the thesis is focused on theory, basic terms, methods and tools used for planning of development of business activities. Current situation of the company and market environment is analyzed after that. Major goal of the thesis is proposal of recommended option for development of current business activities on Australian market.

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Chen, Chia-Hung. "Word-of-mouth information gathering : an exploratory study of Asian international students searching for Australian higher education services." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16275/.

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Word-of-mouth communication (WOMC) has been recognized as a powerful marketing communication medium that many consider beyond marketers' control and yet is a reliable, creditable, trustworthy information-gathering tool, especially in credence-based services (CBS). To date, the various types of WOMC messages have not yet been adequately studied in the context of CBS. Using the individual face-toface convergence interview (CI) technique as the primary data collection method of exploratory research, this study attempts to fill this gap by describing the types, the characteristics, and the significance of WOMC messages involved in a CBS information gathering process (e.g. selection of an Australian higher education service). Marketers in the higher education sector feel WOMC advertising is unfamiliar and less manageable, but powerful in practice, especially in recruiting overseas Asian students. This study took the strengths of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS), N*Vivo 2, to manage qualitative transcriptions and enhance the data analysis process in organizing, linking, coding categorizing, organizing, summarizing behaviour patterns in order to explore the insightful findings and answer research questions. The study summarizes participants' motivation items and the specific information gathering steps as the foundation to discover the three types of WOMC messages (service information gathering, subjective personal experience, and personal advice) the characteristics of WOMC messages and the significance of WOMC messages in the CBS information gathering process. In theoretical terms, the findings on the role of types of WOMC messages have extended Beltramini model in the information gathering stage. In terms of the management implications, this research advances the current understanding of the types of WOMC messages, insightful WOMC characteristics and significances in behaviour patterns in the CBS information gathering process. As a result, university marketers are able to effectively cultivate various types of WOMC messages in promotion campaigns.

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Chen, Chia-Hung. "Word-of-mouth information gathering : an exploratory study of Asian international students searching for Australian higher education services." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16275/1/Chia-Hung_Chen_Thesis.pdf.

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Word-of-mouth communication (WOMC) has been recognized as a powerful marketing communication medium that many consider beyond marketers' control and yet is a reliable, creditable, trustworthy information-gathering tool, especially in credence-based services (CBS). To date, the various types of WOMC messages have not yet been adequately studied in the context of CBS. Using the individual face-toface convergence interview (CI) technique as the primary data collection method of exploratory research, this study attempts to fill this gap by describing the types, the characteristics, and the significance of WOMC messages involved in a CBS information gathering process (e.g. selection of an Australian higher education service). Marketers in the higher education sector feel WOMC advertising is unfamiliar and less manageable, but powerful in practice, especially in recruiting overseas Asian students. This study took the strengths of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS), N*Vivo 2, to manage qualitative transcriptions and enhance the data analysis process in organizing, linking, coding categorizing, organizing, summarizing behaviour patterns in order to explore the insightful findings and answer research questions. The study summarizes participants' motivation items and the specific information gathering steps as the foundation to discover the three types of WOMC messages (service information gathering, subjective personal experience, and personal advice) the characteristics of WOMC messages and the significance of WOMC messages in the CBS information gathering process. In theoretical terms, the findings on the role of types of WOMC messages have extended Beltramini model in the information gathering stage. In terms of the management implications, this research advances the current understanding of the types of WOMC messages, insightful WOMC characteristics and significances in behaviour patterns in the CBS information gathering process. As a result, university marketers are able to effectively cultivate various types of WOMC messages in promotion campaigns.

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Forbes, Sharon L. "The influence of individual characteristics, product attributes and usage situations on consumer behaviour : an exploratory study of the New Zealand, Australian, UK and US wine markets : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marketing at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/901.

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Previous research has suggested that the country of origin cue is important to consumers during their purchase decision making process; the cue is utilised as an indicator of product quality and thus has an effect on purchase decisions. However, country of origin research has been heavily criticised in terms of methodology and has tended to focus on durable, manufactured products such as automobiles, electronics and apparel. This research investigates whether consumers do utilise the country of origin cue during actual wine purchase decisions and whether consumer perceptions of wine will vary based upon the country from which it originates. In addition, this study also seeks to identify all of the product attributes which are utilised by wine purchasers, and the degree to which these attributes are important to them during the purchase decision process. Finally, the research seeks to understand the influence that individual consumer characteristics (i.e. demographic variables, product knowledge and product involvement) and usage situations will have upon attribute utilisation and importance. In order to examine these broad research questions, a structured survey was developed and administered to respondents in four countries immediately following an actual wine purchase. Analysis of the collected survey data revealed that consumers typically utilised only a small number of attributes during their purchase decisions, and that the attributes which were most frequently utilised were not necessarily the most important to wine consumers. The country of origin cue was the eighth most frequently utilised attribute and the fourth in terms of importance. The majority of consumers could accurately identify the country of origin of the wine they had just purchased and their perceptions of wines were found to vary based upon the country of origin. Individual consumer characteristics were found to have varying effects upon attribute utilisation and importance ratings. Three-quarters of all wine purchases were made to resolve just four usage situations, and these situations were found to moderate the origin of the wine that the consumer selected during their purchase decision. From a theoretical standpoint, this study supports the idea that consumers utilise only a small number of attributes during their decision making process, and that this number will increase as product knowledge and product involvement levels increase. The most important attributes for consumers were found to be intrinsic in nature. Country of origin theory has also been advanced by this study; consumers were found to hold stereotyped perceptions of wine based upon its national origin, and both the nationality and education level of the consumer were found to moderate the utilisation of the country of origin cue. Whilst earlier researchers had suggested that any home country bias may be product specific, this study suggests that it may actually be a product dimension specific phenomenon. The high reliability of the product involvement and subjective knowledge scales should also be of value to future consumer behaviour researchers. Similarly, the idea that the usage situation influenced which product was purchased, but not how it was selected, expands current knowledge. Practical implications arising from this study include the identification of the importance of having previously tried a wine; marketers could increase sales through the provision of wine tasting opportunities for consumers. The significant correlation between involvement and the frequency of wine consumption also provides wine producers with an opportunity to increase sales through initiatives which will increase consumer involvement with wine. The results indicate that the wine industry should focus on the production and marketing of wines which are suitable for consumption in the identified four dominant usage situations and should seek to increase consumption in dining situations in the US. Finally, promotional strategies linking New Zealand wines with high quality appear to have been successful, but these messages will need to be repeated in order to reinforce the positive consumer perceptions.

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Harvey, Kathryn. "Opportunities for marketing chilled Indian samosas in Australia." Thesis, 1995. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/18169/.

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The objectives of this paper are to: • quantify the market size for chilled samosas; and • evaluate the feasibility of manufacturing chilled samosas in Australia. For this purpose, feasibility was determined on the following indices: • minimum return of investment of 10% per annum; and • minimum net profit of $A100,000 per annum from the fifth year of operation. The research was completed through literature review and field research. The research concluded that food products which offer greater convenience are becoming popular in Australia. This trend appears to be the outcome of changing demographics such as increased participation in the labor force (particularly by women), a trend towards two income households, smaller households and increasing ethnic composition in the population. Additionally, greater health-consciousness has increased the demand for fresh, healthy, high quality and conveniently available foods requiring minimal preparation. This research suggests that the consumers of chilled samosas will come from diverse ethnic backgrounds and will have the following characteristics: • High consumers of take-away foods; • Australian or second generation Australian; • 20-54 year age class; • Open minded attitude towards their food; • Seekers of 'Fresh' food; • Live in the inner suburbs. The research posits that because Indian foods have a strong flavour and smell, the key purchase determinants will include the consumer's familiarity with Indian foods and their attitude towards the taste and flavour of Indian foods. Supermarkets in Australia are conveniently positioned in most suburbs to service customer needs However, the majority of convenience foods products sold in supermarkets are frozen products. Generally the marketing of chilled foods is in the embryonic stage. The market is localised and the product range is limited. The analysis shows that the demand for chilled samosas in Australia can range from 19.5 million units (best case scenario) to 600,000 units (worst case scenario). This study suggests that with start-up annual sales of 450,000 units, this business generate a return of investment of 11.55% per annum on an investment of A$1.3 million. This study recommends that the market for chilled samosas be segmented into six distinct target markets - variety seekers, healthy choice, lifestyle, Indian children, Authentic Indian and conservatives. However the positioning of chilled samosas should not be developed over too narrow a market due to the small Australian population. Consequently the positioning of chilled samosas through supermarkets should initially cut across a number of the identified segments (variety seekers, healthy choice, lifestyle, Authentic Indian and conservatives) by focusing on the large consumer segment in the marketplace of people who are time poor, seeking fresh quality foods with flavour that are easy to prepare prior to consumption in their home, and w h o are prepared to spend their income on purchasing such conveniences (subsets of the segments listed above). The product should be positioned by focussing on quality, freshness and authenticity. Packaging should be distinctively Indian and clearly branded. The chilled samosas should initially be sold through the delicatessen section of supermarkets by utilising food brokers to distribute the products nationally and manage in store logistics. Samosas should be sold in packs of two and four at approximately 60 cents per samosa for the first three years to facilitate product trials. Promotions should focus on regular taste testing in supermarkets.

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Hao, Huang. "The cross cultural management: Australia Vs China." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22874.

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The era of globalisation presented opportunities for China corporations to expand to overseas markets. After the execution of the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement in 2015, there is a considerable interest for Chinese corporations to invest and expand to Australia. Notwithstanding the favourable legal and political environment to support the expansion of Chinese corporations, including China based banks to Australian market; one potential hindrance to such expansion plan is the cultural differences between both countries. This dissertation aims to research on the potential issues arising from the cultural differences faced by China banks in their expansion plan to overseas market in particularly Australia and also how resolve such differences OCAI scores indicate that banks in mainland China scored higher for hierarchy culture (50.11) compared to overseas banks (30.11) which indicate that China banks’ structure are designed to maintain the stability and control of the banks by higher management. Interview conducted with nineteen (19) respondents indicates that there are contrasting views by the respondents on whether cultural differences play an important role in human resource management for banks. For client facing role, some respondents view that cultural similarity could be an advantage when dealing with clients but some consider ability and knowledge to be more important. Notwithstanding this, cultural differences are definitely an important aspect for human resource management for banks expanding to overseas market with different culture. It is recommended that bank management to employ a mixture of team with both Chinese and Australian cultural background to cater to different clientele and also staffs to headquarter office.
A era da globalização ofereceu oportunidades às multinacionais Chinesas de se expandirem para os mercados estrangeiros.Após a implementação do Acordo de Comércio Livre entre a China e Australia em 2015,há um considerável interesse das multinacionais Chinesas investirem e expandirem-se na Austrália. Não obstante o contexto legal e politico favorável à expansão das multinacionais Chinesas,incluindo a banca Chinesa operando no mercado Australiano, as diferenças culturais, entre os dois paises poderão constituir um obstaculo a essa expansão. Esta dissertação procura investigar em que medida os problemas potenciais resultantes das diferenças culturais que os bancos Chineses poderão enfrentar no decurso do seu plano de expansão para mercados internacionais e particularmente para a Austrália e tambem como dar resposta a tais diferenças Os resultados do questionário OCAI indicam que os bancos na China Continental tem valores mais elevados na cultura hierárquica (50.11) o que sugere qua as estruturas dos bancos da China são desenhadas para garantir a estabilidade e o control pela direção de topo. Entrevistas a dezanove (19) inquiridos sugerem queestes têm perspectivas contrastantes no que se refere à importância do papel das diferenças culturais na gestão dos recursos humanos dos bancos. No que se refere às relaçoes com os clientes alguns dos inquiridos consideram que a semelhança cultural pode ser uma vantagem mas outros consideram mais importantes as capacidades e o conhecimento. Apesar disso as diferenças culturais são em ultima análise um aspecto importante na gestão dos recursos humanos nos bancos em expansão para um Mercado exterior com uma diferente cultura. Recomenda-se que a gestão dos bancos empregue equipas mixtas com culturas tanto Chinesas como Australianas tanto para lidarem com diferentes clientelas como nas equipas da direção de topo.

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Aba, Bulgu Mohammed. "Financial crisis management: application to SMEs in Australia." Thesis, 2005. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15553/.

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The small and medium sized business sector plays a significant economic and social role in Australia. A large number of these businesses suffer from abrupt financial crises resulting from manmade or natural disasters such as fire, flood, storm, etc, which affect all business sectors in the Australian economy. There are numerous theoretical and empirical models that have been applied in relation to corporate crisis management. The approach employed in this thesis is developed using a new theoretical framework based on the elements of (i) financial management theories and policies such as risk management, financial engineering, portfolio theory, CAPM, capital budgeting and optimal capital structure; (ii) accounting theories and practices including corporate financial distress and financial ratio analyses; and (iii) corporate management theories and principles with major emphasis on corporate governance, marketing management, business ethics and stakeholders analysis.

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18

Jago, Leo Kenneth. "The performance of accommodation cooperatives in Australia." Thesis, 1991. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15612/.

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The aim of this study was to determine whether the Australian accommodation cooperatives have been successful in meeting the objectives of their constituent members. A questionnaire was sent out to a sample of accommodation cooperative members, and the results obtained were supplemented by information received via interviews with a number of experienced individuals closely associated with the accommodation industry. The results of the study indicated that the Australian accommodation cooperatives had not been highly successful in meeting the objectives of their members. The study also showed wide support for accommodation cooperatives in principle, but substantial disenchantment with the manner in which most of the groups had performed in practice.

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19

Low, David R., University of Western Sydney, and College of Business. "Innovation and its interaction with market orientation : a study of Australian manufacturing SMEs." 2006. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/15430.

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In pursuing sustainable competetive advantage, firms undertake a range of strategic initiatives such as innovation, customer relationship management, entering new markets overseas, and competetive actions within current marketplaces. Studies that examine these initiatives generally investigate the firm's strategy by either: (i) focussing on one strategy only, and examining its impact on firm performance and the role of employees in the implementation of this strategy; or (ii) studying the interaction of two or more strategies. This study explores the interaction between two strategies, innovation and market orientation, and identifies key components of the market orientation construct that interact with the innovation process. This study utilised both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The quantitative data collection used scales which had been previously developed that show high reliability and have gained a level of acceptance in the literature. A survey was sent to companies that matched the target population characteristics. The survey measured five things : (a) the market orientation of the firm, (b) the innovativeness of the firm, (c) the firm performance, (d)aspects of the firm's competetive environment, and (e) changes in the firm's competetive environment. The data analysed was gathered using appropriate statistical techniques. The qualitative research comprised a sermi-structured interview with key informants from a sample of the organisations who participated in the participated in the quantitative data. This study crossed two distict general disciplines, that of marketing and management, and presents four key findings (a) that firm innovation and firm market orientation are strategic reactions to changes in the market environment, (b)that market orientation is a part of the firm's innovation process, (c) information about customers and competitors is used in the innovation process when assessing the need to innovate, and (d) the employee is the link between market orientation and the firm's innovation process.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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20

Meyer, Paula, University of Western Sydney, College of Business, and School of Marketing. "Will the show go on? : a marketing concept analysis of the management effectiveness of agricultural show societies in Australia." 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/35888.

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Agricultural shows are community-based festivals that represent a majority of festivals staged in rural destinations within Australia. Recent anecdotal evidence indicates their survival is being threatened. Declines in the overall number of shows and visitor attendance have been widely reported, yet an analysis of the reason for these declines has not been investigated. Agricultural shows are managed by volunteers within not-for-profit show societies who are finding it difficult to survive in an increasingly competitive and challenging external environment. Little is understood about these show societies, their volunteer managers and the management effectiveness. This study has addressed these gaps by investigating show society management effectiveness by means of a marketing concept paradigm. A case study method employing qualitative in-depth interviews with key show society members and other stakeholders was conducted on one agricultural show. Findings reveal that this show society is managed by volunteers whose primary involvement motivation is based upon self-interest in one or more components of the show. The majority of these individuals do not have management skills and expertise required to manage a festival and whilst it is important to note their volunteering contribution, it is this lack of skills and knowledge that has prevented a systematic approach to management. There is no attempt at consumer research, strategic planning, organisational planning or volunteer recruitment. The show programs do not change to reflect the current needs of the community, rather what is affordable, who can organise it and what has always been done. As a result, the case study show society is not employing a marketing concept orientation but a product concept orientation. This study concludes that without this focus, the show society will be ill equipped to meet changing customer demands and stay abreast of competitors. To assist agricultural shows to manage future challenges and adopt a marketing concept, a theoretical model has been proposed that incorporates existing frameworks and this study’s findings.
M. Commerce (Hons.)

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21

Ewan, Craig. "Academics as part-time marketers : a study of Australian universities engaged in offshore education in Asia." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151063.

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22

White, Leanne. "Official and Commercial Nationalism: Images of Australia at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games." Thesis, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15225/.

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23

Theodossiou, Konstantinos P. "Forecasting outbound tourism from Australia to Greece." Thesis, 1992. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15712/.

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With the view of stressing the importance of forecasting and discovering underlying patterns in Tourism data series -for the purpose of assisting management and policy makers in the Tourism Industry - a multiple regression model and one classical decomposition model were constructed in order to investigate Outbound Tourism from Australia to Greece.

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24

Hall, Edward John. "The influence of occasion on consumer choice: an occasion based, value oriented investigation of wine purchase, using means-end chain analysis / by Edward John Hall." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21999.

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Includes list of Supplementary refereed publications relating to thesis; and of Refereed conference papers, as appendix 1
Includes bibliograhical references (p. 316-343)
xix, 381 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.
Focusses particularly on the purchase of wine and the factors that influence consumer choice and the values that drive the decision process across different consumption occasions. The effectiveness of occasion as part of the theoretical model of means-end chain analysis is investigated, as well as the feasibility of occasion in the Olsen and Thach (2001) conceptual framework of consumer behavior relating to wine.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, Discipline of Wine and Horticulture, 2003

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25

Kuzich, Joze. "Enablers and inhibitors of electronic commerce: an Australian study." Thesis, 2002. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15316/.

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The research undertaken for this thesis identifies the benefits, challenges and success factors of electronic commerce in Australian companies. This research was conducted in four phases: literature review; semi-structured interviews with seven well-established companies located in Melbourne and Sydney; postal questionnaire survey of top 500 Australian companies; data analysis and findings. This research identified and described the considerable benefits that companies engaged in electronic commerce have achieved. The major benefits of electronic commerce identified included improved image, competitive advantage, business efficiency, increased automation of processes and customer loyalty.

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26

Jones, Puangchompoo. "Understanding the International Students' Innovation Decision Process with Particular Reference to International Higher Education Service in Australia and in Thailand." 2006. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/518/1/518contents.pdf.

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This study focuses on the international higher education service in i)Australia as one of the leaders in this service and ii) Thailand as an eastern developing country that has potential to offer this service. However, as a new country offering this service, Thailand lacks experience of operating it in the world market. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from a leading country, which has more experience, like Australia. This study aims to i) identify the factors affecting international students in coming to study at HEIs (Higher Education Institutions) in Thailand and in Australia (Melbourne), ii) explore how these factors influence each stage in the model of "International Students' Innovation Decision Process" in offering the international higher education service of Thailand and Australia (Melbourne), iii) present the implications of the results of this study with regard to marketing of the international higher education service by Thailand, iv) reveal how international higher education service is perceived by persons who are involved with this area in Thailand/Australia (Melbourne) and v) Propose practical directions for the international higher education service of Thailand by adapting the useful experiences of Australia (Melbourne). When international students have studied in their home countries, the international higher education service offered by other countries is a 'new' service to them. This view is therefore different to that taken by previous studies in similar areas. Therefore, the model in this study of 'the International Students' Innovation Decision Process' was developed in order to examine the factors affecting international students when making a decision to study abroad in Thailand and Australia. It was also developed to explore their experiences when they were studying at Higher Education Institutions: HEIs in both countries. The results of the study including the findings of Australia's experiences in offering the international higher education service will be used to assist Thailand in offering a high quality international higher education service. v In this study both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The qualitative component included in-depth interviews with persons involved in the international higher education service in Thailand and Australia. The quantitative component involved a questionnaire survey which was designed to investigate factors affecting international students when making a decision to enrol, and when studying at HEIs in Thailand and Australia. The survey of international students in both countries was used to investigate 'the International Students' Innovation Decision Process. It incorporated five groups of factors; sources of information, HEI characteristics, country characteristics, benefits and risks of study abroad. Seventeen (17) HEIs and one (1) government department in Thailand and four (4) HEIs in Australia (Melbourne) were used for this study. Results of the in-depth interviews indicated that the demand by international students for study abroad in Thailand and Australia is still high. It was found in both countries that the international higher education service offers major benefits including cultural exchange as well as financial benefits. Strategies for offering this service that have been successful in Australia, for example use of reliable private agents, were identified and this could be utilised by HEIs in Thailand when offering the international higher education service to prospective international students. Findings of the survey with international students in both countries of this study identified 4 stages in 'the International Students' Innovation Decision Process' Knowledge Stage: building up the knowledge base Persuasion and Decision Stage: assessment and decision activities - Implementation Stage: reassessment activities - Confirmation/Disconfirmation Stage: confirmation/disconfirmation decision The international students' knowledge about study abroad in Thailand and Australia was found to be likely increased by word of mouth communication from acquaintances and also from the internet. Sponsors, parents and friends were likely to be influential vi sources of information when international students were making a decision to enrol at HEIs in both countries. HEI characteristics such as standard of courses and recognition of qualification, country characteristics, for example reasonable cost of living, were factors that influenced international students when making a decision to enrol at HEIs in both countries. High benefits and perceived risks of study abroad influenced international students when making a decision to enrol at HEIs in both countries. The results indicated that expectations of international students in both countries expectations were not met for all HEI and country characteristics once they were studying at HEIs in the destination country. For international students in Thailand, perceptions of the benefits of study abroad did not change, whereas in Australia perceptions of the benefits of study abroad such as 'learn English with native speakers' decreased. However, international students' perceptions of risks of study abroad changed very little in both countries. Further, the majority of international students in both countries intended to complete their study (at the confirmation/disconfirmation stage) in the destination country. This was the final stage of 'the International Students' Innovation Decision Process'. The international higher education service in this study is defined as a 'new' service (an innovation) for international students, who have already made a decision to enrol at HEIs in other countries. In order to examine the international higher education service as a 'new' service for international students who look for a place to study abroad, Rogers' (1995) innovation decision process was an effective model to utilise and adapt to examine international student perceptions and their experiences of the international higher education service in Thailand/Australia in each stage of 'the International Students' Innovation Decision Process' model. Moreover this model is also expected that this model will be helpful for future researchers who are interested in conducting research in similar areas particularly for research in developing countries that wish to offer international higher education service.

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27

White, Paul. "The regulation of electronic funds transfer in Australia an integrated multidisciplinary approach /." 2007. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/1483/1/White.pdf.

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Electronic Funds Transfer (‘EFT’) as a modern, global consumer payment method continues to expand rapidly by comparison with credit cards and traditional paper-based forms of payment. The core issue addressed in this thesis is a controversial one: the fair allocation of liability between the consumer and financial institution in the event of a disputed or unauthorised EFT transaction. The purpose of this study is considered especially apposite in view of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission’s (‘ASIC’) imminent review of the self-regulating Australian EFT Code of Conduct (‘EFT Code’) and both the increasing incidence of reported unauthorised EFT transactions and in noncompliance by EFT financial institutions with the EFT Code. It is also an important study because of the rapid recent growth in EFT transaction volume and the continued expansion of EFT products and services compared to other payment instruments, which are in a corresponding decline. Moreover, there has been no previous study or review of the current Australian EFT Code, which was revised in 2002. In the EFT payments system, consumers are exposed to risks quite different from those in traditional payments instruments. These include flaws in the various methods employed by financial institutions for the distribution of EFT cards and PINs, problems adducing unequivocal evidence in the event of unauthorised use of the instrument and systemic errors and technical malfunctions in processing EFT transactions. Furthermore, the distinct nature of electronic authentication using an electronic device and secret code makes the general common law principles dealing with handwritten signature authentication in the case of paper instruments (eg, by analogy with a forged cheque) particularly unhelpful. In order to address these controversies, this thesis presents an integrated multi-disciplinary analysis of EFT regulation in Australia in an attempt to identify the efficacy of current EFT regulatory arrangements as well as to appraise the merits of different EFT regulatory options to attain a more optimal and efficient regulatory regime for the future. The adapted multi-disciplines include comparative law method, economic criteria and regulation theory methods, as well as ethical, social and administrative considerations. The two (2) EFT regulations which are the subject of this comparative study are the Australian EFT Code and the US EFT Act. The latter was chosen for comparative purposes as it is a rare example of a formal legislative response to the above core issues and risks, which the EFT system in the USA has in common with Australia. Unlike the US EFT Act, for example, which has a relatively simple and administratively convenient approach to apportioning fault, the self-regulating Australian EFT Code essentially shares the burden of proof between the financial institution and the consumer in most instances. The consequence of the EFT Code’s ambiguous, undefined and multi-layered legal tests and guidelines for determining the allocation of liability to either consumer or financial institution is that it leaves the Australian Banking Industry Ombudsman (‘ABIO’), as the independent and preferred adjudicator of Australian EFT disputes, with the difficult and arbitrary task of hearing contrasting arguments and weighing the inconclusive evidence led by both sides before then seeking to reach a fair and equitable finding on the ‘balance of probabilities’. Indeed, the practical application of the EFT Code is extremely difficult and confusing, as the ABIO regularly observes in its annual reports and is almost always evident in its actual case examples. The task undertaken in this thesis to research and analyse these difficult and complex regulatory issues is both helped and hindered by another important issue: the lack of literature on consumer EFT regulation. Helped, because it represents a unique opportunity to embark upon such a study afresh, and, hindered, because little benefit can be derived from previous studies and hence there are no foundations upon which to build or progress the debate, the research and the analysis. Accordingly, the significant gaps in this area provide a rare occasion to explore these contemporary and contentious issues using multi-disciplinary techniques. As is argued in this thesis, the current regulatory arrangements in Australia are ineffective on several grounds. In particular, in: (i) efficiently settling disputed or unauthorised EFT transactions; (ii) ensuring compliance by financial institutions; and (iii) legal enforcement of its provisions. Ultimately, in consequence of this study, it is concluded that to improve consumer confidence and institutional compliance, as well as to arrest rising fraud and illegality, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review and reform of EFT regulation in Australia. In order to design and formulate a more efficient or optimal regulatory regime, a more rigorous analysis beyond a straight legal studies approach needs to be undertaken. In this sense, the multi-disciplinary research and analytic approach adapted in this study is an integrated approach with the intention that it will not only drive the debate on an appropriate EFT regulatory framework forward, but ultimately with its 48 findings and 25 specific recommendations, also serve as a workable framework with some actual pragmatic criteria on which to assess different EFT regulatory and policy options.

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28

Jones, Puangchompoo. "Understanding the International Students' Innovation Decision Process with Particular Reference to International Higher Education Service in Australia and in Thailand." Thesis, 2006. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/518/.

Full text

Abstract:

This study focuses on the international higher education service in i)Australia as one of the leaders in this service and ii) Thailand as an eastern developing country that has potential to offer this service. However, as a new country offering this service, Thailand lacks experience of operating it in the world market. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from a leading country, which has more experience, like Australia. This study aims to i) identify the factors affecting international students in coming to study at HEIs (Higher Education Institutions) in Thailand and in Australia (Melbourne), ii) explore how these factors influence each stage in the model of "International Students' Innovation Decision Process" in offering the international higher education service of Thailand and Australia (Melbourne), iii) present the implications of the results of this study with regard to marketing of the international higher education service by Thailand, iv) reveal how international higher education service is perceived by persons who are involved with this area in Thailand/Australia (Melbourne) and v) Propose practical directions for the international higher education service of Thailand by adapting the useful experiences of Australia (Melbourne). When international students have studied in their home countries, the international higher education service offered by other countries is a 'new' service to them. This view is therefore different to that taken by previous studies in similar areas. Therefore, the model in this study of 'the International Students' Innovation Decision Process' was developed in order to examine the factors affecting international students when making a decision to study abroad in Thailand and Australia. It was also developed to explore their experiences when they were studying at Higher Education Institutions: HEIs in both countries. The results of the study including the findings of Australia's experiences in offering the international higher education service will be used to assist Thailand in offering a high quality international higher education service. v In this study both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The qualitative component included in-depth interviews with persons involved in the international higher education service in Thailand and Australia. The quantitative component involved a questionnaire survey which was designed to investigate factors affecting international students when making a decision to enrol, and when studying at HEIs in Thailand and Australia. The survey of international students in both countries was used to investigate 'the International Students' Innovation Decision Process. It incorporated five groups of factors; sources of information, HEI characteristics, country characteristics, benefits and risks of study abroad. Seventeen (17) HEIs and one (1) government department in Thailand and four (4) HEIs in Australia (Melbourne) were used for this study. Results of the in-depth interviews indicated that the demand by international students for study abroad in Thailand and Australia is still high. It was found in both countries that the international higher education service offers major benefits including cultural exchange as well as financial benefits. Strategies for offering this service that have been successful in Australia, for example use of reliable private agents, were identified and this could be utilised by HEIs in Thailand when offering the international higher education service to prospective international students. Findings of the survey with international students in both countries of this study identified 4 stages in 'the International Students' Innovation Decision Process' Knowledge Stage: building up the knowledge base Persuasion and Decision Stage: assessment and decision activities - Implementation Stage: reassessment activities - Confirmation/Disconfirmation Stage: confirmation/disconfirmation decision The international students' knowledge about study abroad in Thailand and Australia was found to be likely increased by word of mouth communication from acquaintances and also from the internet. Sponsors, parents and friends were likely to be influential vi sources of information when international students were making a decision to enrol at HEIs in both countries. HEI characteristics such as standard of courses and recognition of qualification, country characteristics, for example reasonable cost of living, were factors that influenced international students when making a decision to enrol at HEIs in both countries. High benefits and perceived risks of study abroad influenced international students when making a decision to enrol at HEIs in both countries. The results indicated that expectations of international students in both countries expectations were not met for all HEI and country characteristics once they were studying at HEIs in the destination country. For international students in Thailand, perceptions of the benefits of study abroad did not change, whereas in Australia perceptions of the benefits of study abroad such as 'learn English with native speakers' decreased. However, international students' perceptions of risks of study abroad changed very little in both countries. Further, the majority of international students in both countries intended to complete their study (at the confirmation/disconfirmation stage) in the destination country. This was the final stage of 'the International Students' Innovation Decision Process'. The international higher education service in this study is defined as a 'new' service (an innovation) for international students, who have already made a decision to enrol at HEIs in other countries. In order to examine the international higher education service as a 'new' service for international students who look for a place to study abroad, Rogers' (1995) innovation decision process was an effective model to utilise and adapt to examine international student perceptions and their experiences of the international higher education service in Thailand/Australia in each stage of 'the International Students' Innovation Decision Process' model. Moreover this model is also expected that this model will be helpful for future researchers who are interested in conducting research in similar areas particularly for research in developing countries that wish to offer international higher education service.

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29

White, Paul. "The regulation of electronic funds transfer in Australia: an integrated multidisciplinary approach." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1483/.

Full text

Abstract:

Electronic Funds Transfer (‘EFT’) as a modern, global consumer payment method continues to expand rapidly by comparison with credit cards and traditional paper-based forms of payment. The core issue addressed in this thesis is a controversial one: the fair allocation of liability between the consumer and financial institution in the event of a disputed or unauthorised EFT transaction. The purpose of this study is considered especially apposite in view of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission’s (‘ASIC’) imminent review of the self-regulating Australian EFT Code of Conduct (‘EFT Code’) and both the increasing incidence of reported unauthorised EFT transactions and in noncompliance by EFT financial institutions with the EFT Code. It is also an important study because of the rapid recent growth in EFT transaction volume and the continued expansion of EFT products and services compared to other payment instruments, which are in a corresponding decline. Moreover, there has been no previous study or review of the current Australian EFT Code, which was revised in 2002. In the EFT payments system, consumers are exposed to risks quite different from those in traditional payments instruments. These include flaws in the various methods employed by financial institutions for the distribution of EFT cards and PINs, problems adducing unequivocal evidence in the event of unauthorised use of the instrument and systemic errors and technical malfunctions in processing EFT transactions. Furthermore, the distinct nature of electronic authentication using an electronic device and secret code makes the general common law principles dealing with handwritten signature authentication in the case of paper instruments (eg, by analogy with a forged cheque) particularly unhelpful. In order to address these controversies, this thesis presents an integrated multi-disciplinary analysis of EFT regulation in Australia in an attempt to identify the efficacy of current EFT regulatory arrangements as well as to appraise the merits of different EFT regulatory options to attain a more optimal and efficient regulatory regime for the future. The adapted multi-disciplines include comparative law method, economic criteria and regulation theory methods, as well as ethical, social and administrative considerations. The two (2) EFT regulations which are the subject of this comparative study are the Australian EFT Code and the US EFT Act. The latter was chosen for comparative purposes as it is a rare example of a formal legislative response to the above core issues and risks, which the EFT system in the USA has in common with Australia. Unlike the US EFT Act, for example, which has a relatively simple and administratively convenient approach to apportioning fault, the self-regulating Australian EFT Code essentially shares the burden of proof between the financial institution and the consumer in most instances. The consequence of the EFT Code’s ambiguous, undefined and multi-layered legal tests and guidelines for determining the allocation of liability to either consumer or financial institution is that it leaves the Australian Banking Industry Ombudsman (‘ABIO’), as the independent and preferred adjudicator of Australian EFT disputes, with the difficult and arbitrary task of hearing contrasting arguments and weighing the inconclusive evidence led by both sides before then seeking to reach a fair and equitable finding on the ‘balance of probabilities’. Indeed, the practical application of the EFT Code is extremely difficult and confusing, as the ABIO regularly observes in its annual reports and is almost always evident in its actual case examples. The task undertaken in this thesis to research and analyse these difficult and complex regulatory issues is both helped and hindered by another important issue: the lack of literature on consumer EFT regulation. Helped, because it represents a unique opportunity to embark upon such a study afresh, and, hindered, because little benefit can be derived from previous studies and hence there are no foundations upon which to build or progress the debate, the research and the analysis. Accordingly, the significant gaps in this area provide a rare occasion to explore these contemporary and contentious issues using multi-disciplinary techniques. As is argued in this thesis, the current regulatory arrangements in Australia are ineffective on several grounds. In particular, in: (i) efficiently settling disputed or unauthorised EFT transactions; (ii) ensuring compliance by financial institutions; and (iii) legal enforcement of its provisions. Ultimately, in consequence of this study, it is concluded that to improve consumer confidence and institutional compliance, as well as to arrest rising fraud and illegality, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review and reform of EFT regulation in Australia. In order to design and formulate a more efficient or optimal regulatory regime, a more rigorous analysis beyond a straight legal studies approach needs to be undertaken. In this sense, the multi-disciplinary research and analytic approach adapted in this study is an integrated approach with the intention that it will not only drive the debate on an appropriate EFT regulatory framework forward, but ultimately with its 48 findings and 25 specific recommendations, also serve as a workable framework with some actual pragmatic criteria on which to assess different EFT regulatory and policy options.

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30

Khorchurklang, Sukij. "Factors Influencing Australia's Dairy Product Exports to Thailand: 1980-2002." 2005. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/384/1/384contents.pdf.

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This thesis focuses on an analysis of factors influencing Australia's dairy product exports to Thailand. To the author's knowledge, such an analysis has not been conducted so far. The research consists of literature reviews of the theories and empirical studies of comparative advantage and export demand, the econometric estimation of Thailand's demand for Australia's exports of dairy products to analyse the determinants of Thailand's demand for Australian dairy products, and an investigation of experience of selected Australian exporting companies in exporting dairy products to Thailand based on the interviews of export managers. Australia exports dairy products such as, milk dry (skim milk powder or SMP and whole milk powder or WMP), butter, cheese and curd, and whey products to Thailand. SMP is the principle ingredient of Thailand's milk processing industry. Australia's main competitors in Thailand for exports of dairy products are New Zealand, the EU and to some extent the U.S.A. Thailand has heavily protected its local dairy industry by high tariffs and regulation. The Thai government promotes local dairy production and the use of local milk products. However, the dairy sector of Thailand is still incapable of meeting the demand from the domestic dairy processing industry and consumers. Hence, Thailand has to import a large volume of dairy products each year. The Australia-Thailand free trade agreement (FTA) started to operate in January 2005. Thailand's import tariffs on Australia's dairy products will decline to zero to 32 per cent, and be phased out by 2010 or 2020. The quotas on Australia's exports of milk powders and milk and cream to the Thai market will be increased by 2025. The analysis of revealed comparative advantage and revealed competitive advantage identify that among the dairy product exporting countries, Australia has comparative advantage and competitive advantage of all of the dairy products (milk evaporated, milk dry, whey preserved and concentrated butter and cheese and curd). Thailand has comparative advantage and competitive advantage only in milk condensed and evaporated. Thailand has comparative disadvantage and competitive disadvantage in the other dairy product categories. Australia's competitors in the Thai market (New Zealand, and the selected EU countries) have comparative and competitive advantages in most of the dairy products. These results suggest that Australian dairy exporting companies and policy makers could focus on increasing the volumes of all of the dairy products exported to Thailand, except milk condensed and evaporated. The results from the estimation of econometric models of Thailand's demand for Australia's exports of milk dry shows that in the short run, the quantity of Australia's milk dry exports demanded in Thailand declines when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries increases, while it is not responsive to Thailand's real national income. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's milk dry exports demanded in Thailand declines when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries' price increases. The estimated long run price elasticity of export demand is -2.76. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's milk dry exports demanded in Thailand does not change significantly in response to changes in Thailand's real national income. In the short run, the quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand falls when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries increases, but it is not responsive to Thailand's real national income. The quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand declines when the Thai baht depreciates against the Australian dollar. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand decreases when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries' price increases. The estimated long run relative price elasticity of demand is -1.13. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand does not change significantly in response to changes in Thailand's real national income. The quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand declines when the Thai baht depreciates against the Australian dollar. The estimated long run exchange rate elasticity of demand is -6.34. In the short run, the quantity of Australia's cheese and curd exports demanded in Thailand is not responsive either to the relative price of exports or to Thailand's real national income. In the long run the quantity of Australia's cheese and curd exports demanded in Thailand changes significantly in response to changes in Thailand's real national income. The estimated long run income elasticity of demand is 1.84. During the interviews, the export managers of Australian dairy export companies agreed that Thailand is a significant importer of Australia's dairy products, particularly for SMP, WMP, whey powder, butter and cheese. Thailand's stable economic and political environment is one of the reasons that they are attracted to the Thai market. The principal factors that make Australia's products successful in the Thai market are competitive price and 'clean, green and natural' products. However, limited Australian dairy product varieties and distribution channels are major factors that contribute to Australia falling behind New Zealand and the EU in the Thai market. The Australian dairy Corporation (ADC) is not involved in promoting Australian dairy products in the Thai market at present, but has done so in the past. Thailand's tariff and import quota protection and support to local dairying industry is one of the barriers encountered by Australia's exports to Thailand. All the managers are hopeful of expanding opportunities for their dairy exports in the Thai market. These findings imply that Australian dairy export companies could expand the dairy product varieties they export and offer for sale in the Thai market. They could also take advantage of the established sales distribution network in addition to exploring the possibilities of setting up their own distribution channels. They could be looking into the possibilities of setting up of joint ventures with local dairy processing companies in Thailand so that their dairy exports could be expanded. The Australian dairy export companies as well as the ADC have to actively promote in various ways the Australian dairy product exports in the Thai market in order to take advantage of the window of opportunities open to them within the trade liberalisation framework of the Australia-Thailand free trade agreement (FTA).

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31

Woodhouse, Rob. "A study of the issues and effectiveness of sponsorship in sport." Thesis, 1996. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/18226/.

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The level of sports sponsorship in Australia since 1990 has been equally remarkable. According to Sydney-based research organisation Sponsorship Market Group, total sponsorship was about $160 million in 1990. The figure for 1994 was expected to reach $510 million, with $650 million forecast for 1995. Broadcast sponsorship and back-up promotions will push the figure over $1 billion in 1995 (Richardson, 1994). With continued growth expected in sponsorship and sports marketing well into the next century, the search for the most effective sponsorship investment could almost be classified as an Olympic event itself. The increasing role sponsorship plays in the marketing mix of many companies, from multinationals to small businesses, makes it necessary to research the factors which make up an effective sponsorship and how those factors can be put into effect for the benefit of both the business and the sport or event being sponsored. This report analysed the literature on sports sponsorship to provide a theoretical approach to the most effective sponsorship process. From why companies sponsor sporting events, how they select which events to sponsor, how the sponsorship is managed, sponsorship evaluation to why some sponsorships fail, the report provides an overall review of the sports sponsorship business. The sponsorship roles and procedures of nineteen companies are discussed and compared with a theoretical framework of sports sponsorship. Nine of these companies are involved in sponsorship of sporting events and teams. Five companies are among properties which attract such sponsorship, while the other five companies are involved in sponsorship research, evaluation and development. The report identifies the most effective method of sponsorship in theory, and discusses how it relates in practice to the real world.

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32

Muldoon, Shane Douglas. "Excellent Managers: Exploring the Acquisition, Measurement, and Impact of Leader Skills in an Australian Business Context." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/261/.

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Abstract:

This thesis explores the acquisition, measurement, and impact of leader skills in relation to business managers' performance in an Australian context. The central problem explored in this thesis is whether effective managers are the same as successful managers, and the role of leader skills in that respect. Studies of managers commonly equate effectiveness with success. However, Luthans, Hodgetts and Rosenkrantz (1988) have shown that effectiveness and success are not identical concepts. In this thesis, research results are classified into four categories. Managers recognised as achieving both individual success and leader effectiveness are classified as excellent. Those who are comparatively high in individual success but low in leader effectiveness are classified as career managers. Highly effective managers with low individual success are classified as achievement managers. Finally, those low in individual success and low in leader effectiveness are classified as student managers. This classification framework is named the Manager Quad. It is presented in Figure 3.1. The quadrant categories are based on the results of a quantitative survey of 185 work unit members and 43 managers drawn from 49 work units employed in 17 companies. These results are reported in Chapter Five. Qualitative data derived from 16 interviews of managers are also analysed and reported in Chapters Six and Seven. The theoretical framework for this thesis, resulting in the four categories, involves a Reality Management Theory of individualised leadership developed within a Symbolic Interactionist paradigm. This theory is summarised in Section 3.4. It is theorised that outcomes like effectiveness and success depend upon leader skills accrued from life-long learning processes. It is proposed that excellent managers' behaviours form a highly proficient, integrated set of leader skills within what is described in this thesis as the Leader Action Characteristics Set (LACS). This thesis presents a leader skill instrument referred to as the Leader Interaction Skills Inventory (LISI). The instrument demonstrates parsimony, reliability, and validity in an Australian business context. Statistical analysis of data shows leader skill proficiencies are related to managers' leader effectiveness, individual success, and work unit performance. Additionally, qualitative analyses indicate four Differential, Interpreted Life Patterns (DILPs), which provide important conceptual extension of the quad. DILPs are shown to distinguish managers' abilities to define situations that produce desirable business results. In this thesis it is argued that leader skills are relative rather than absolute. The data analysis classifies a number of respondents as excellent managers, indicating that Australia has a reasonable number of business managers with highly proficient leader skills, and shows many other Australian managers possess very sound, though incomplete sets of leader skills.

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33

Khreish, Luay. "The Factors Contributing to Effective Relationship Management within the Banking Sector." Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25331/.

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Abstract:

Four major players, touted as the Big 4, dominate the banking industry in Australia. The National Australia Bank (NAB), Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA), Westpac Banking Corporation (WBC) and Australia and New Zealand Banking Group (ANZ) dominate the Australian banking industry. However, their products and services are not largely dissimilar. Therefore it is imperative that they differentiate themselves via their service propositions. Paradoxically however, banks seem to be opting for service models that aim to reduce banker/customer face time so as to free bankers up for new business acquisition. Whilst this is an important activity that banks need to engage in, care needs to be taken not to alienate existing customers in the process. This thesis examines the relationship between the bank, its relationship manager and the end customer, and studies the dynamics within this relationship and the main factors contributing to the success of the said relationship which is critical to business success.

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34

Kiraka, Ruth. "Managing Development Organisations: A Process-Based Assessment of Australian Based Non Governmental Development Organisations." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/266/.

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Abstract:

This study focused on Australian-based non-governmental development organisations (NGDOs) (also referred to as non-governmental aid agencies). The study used a telephone survey of eleven agencies and a mail survey of forty-five agencies to make inferences about organisational processes of delivering development assistance, together with an evaluation of the contribution of organisational factors and external environmental factors to the delivery of that assistance. Those aspects of organisational factors that were selected for examination were restricted to two areas, namely (i) organisational structures, and (ii) strategies for financial resource mobilisation and service delivery. The external factors selected were (i) the external stakeholders of non-governmental aid agencies (development clients, partner agencies, donors, governments, other aid agencies) and (ii) the macro environment factors. In examining these issues, the study found that: 1. In spite of the diversity within the non-governmental aid agency sector, the processes of service delivery could be broadly labeled into the following subprocesses (i) project identification and initial assessment; (ii) project implementation; and (iii) project monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment. Within each of these three sub-processes, a fourth sub-process - a project sustainability process was identified. These processes, and the microprocesses within each of them, were identified in a wide range of organisations, representing different development sectors, size, scope of operation, goals, policies and objectives. This suggests that irrespective of the diversity within the sector, there are underlying principles that govern the development assistance role of aid agencies. 2. Within the broad service delivery process variations existed between agencies in respect of how the steps within each sub-process were managed. The organisational factors, structures and strategies, accounted for some of these variations in the processes. In addition, respondents identified organisational policies, working principles and the learning experiences as accounting for some of the variation. It was observed that whereas some agencies attempted to change those organisational factors that they perceived as disabling to the process of service delivery, others were unable to change owing to resource constraints. 3. The intervening effect of the external environment on process was also examined. Whereas all the agencies were faced by a similar external environment, their responses to the environment were varied, consequently varying the process of service delivery. External stakeholders were categorised as having a significant influence on the process, as their expectations formed the criteria against which the performance of aid agencies was judged. Within the stakeholders, however, there were the more powerful donors and governments and the less powerful development clients and partners. The challenge for the aid agencies was therefore to not only respond to stakeholder expectations in ways that promoted an effective service delivery process, but also balance between the stakeholder expectations, to ensure agencies' credibility was not undermined. Responding to the changes in the macro environment was considered especially difficult, as the task of examining and interpreting trends was complex, and appropriate responses hard to determine. 4. From the evidence gathered, it is clear that organisational factors within aid agencies and contextual factors influence the process of service delivery. Thus, for aid agencies and others involved in development assistance, evaluating project work by focusing on the outputs and outcomes of specific projects and on the capabilities of development clients and partner agencies in developing countries begs half the issue. The context for success or failure is much broader. A wholistic critical examination of organisational factors within aid agencies and the contexts within which agencies operate ought to be included in any assessment of development outcomes. Such an assessment will enable practitioners to account for mismatches between intentions and outcomes of development initiatives in a comprehensive way. Any assessment short of these factors will always be inadequate. The significance of such an extensive critical evaluation of the outcomes of the work of aid agencies, would be the development of an elaborate guide to good development management practices that aid agencies can use to improve on their performance.

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35

Wood, Erin. "Pilot Salary Determination in Australia's Domestic Airlines from Whitlam to Keating." Thesis, 1997. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/238/.

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Abstract:

This thesis places the 1989 Australian domestic pilots and airlines dispute in the context of pilot industrial relations 'norms', pilot industrial relations history and the political and economic environment. The aim is to gain a greater understanding of the 1989 dispute and to answer questions such as whether the dispute stood out from its context as an inexplicable development. It was discovered that the reasons behind the dispute went well beyond the AFAP claim for a 29.47% salary increase. The dispute built up over a lengthy period and can only be properly understood by considering: - the nature of the pilot community and pilot militancy, - the history of pilot industrial relations, - pilot bargaining patterns, - the individuals involved in pilot industrial relations, - the impact of the Accord on pilot bargaining, - the interventionist approach of labor governments to pilot industrial relations, - the roles of the ACTU and the AIRC, - the impact of neo-corporatism in the Australian industrial relations system, - the impact of aviation deregulation, - the impact of economic fortunes, - any many others... Pilot industrial relations and salary determination will be considered in the period since the Whitlam Government, with reference to the parties, the influences upon them and the environment in which their relationships were conducted. Emphasis will be given to the implications for and of the 1989 dispute. Observations shall also be made about the future of pilot industrial relations.

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36

Khorchurklang, Sukij. "Factors Influencing Australia's Dairy Product Exports to Thailand: 1980-2002." Thesis, 2005. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/384/.

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This thesis focuses on an analysis of factors influencing Australia's dairy product exports to Thailand. To the author's knowledge, such an analysis has not been conducted so far. The research consists of literature reviews of the theories and empirical studies of comparative advantage and export demand, the econometric estimation of Thailand's demand for Australia's exports of dairy products to analyse the determinants of Thailand's demand for Australian dairy products, and an investigation of experience of selected Australian exporting companies in exporting dairy products to Thailand based on the interviews of export managers. Australia exports dairy products such as, milk dry (skim milk powder or SMP and whole milk powder or WMP), butter, cheese and curd, and whey products to Thailand. SMP is the principle ingredient of Thailand's milk processing industry. Australia's main competitors in Thailand for exports of dairy products are New Zealand, the EU and to some extent the U.S.A. Thailand has heavily protected its local dairy industry by high tariffs and regulation. The Thai government promotes local dairy production and the use of local milk products. However, the dairy sector of Thailand is still incapable of meeting the demand from the domestic dairy processing industry and consumers. Hence, Thailand has to import a large volume of dairy products each year. The Australia-Thailand free trade agreement (FTA) started to operate in January 2005. Thailand's import tariffs on Australia's dairy products will decline to zero to 32 per cent, and be phased out by 2010 or 2020. The quotas on Australia's exports of milk powders and milk and cream to the Thai market will be increased by 2025. The analysis of revealed comparative advantage and revealed competitive advantage identify that among the dairy product exporting countries, Australia has comparative advantage and competitive advantage of all of the dairy products (milk evaporated, milk dry, whey preserved and concentrated butter and cheese and curd). Thailand has comparative advantage and competitive advantage only in milk condensed and evaporated. Thailand has comparative disadvantage and competitive disadvantage in the other dairy product categories. Australia's competitors in the Thai market (New Zealand, and the selected EU countries) have comparative and competitive advantages in most of the dairy products. These results suggest that Australian dairy exporting companies and policy makers could focus on increasing the volumes of all of the dairy products exported to Thailand, except milk condensed and evaporated. The results from the estimation of econometric models of Thailand's demand for Australia's exports of milk dry shows that in the short run, the quantity of Australia's milk dry exports demanded in Thailand declines when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries increases, while it is not responsive to Thailand's real national income. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's milk dry exports demanded in Thailand declines when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries' price increases. The estimated long run price elasticity of export demand is -2.76. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's milk dry exports demanded in Thailand does not change significantly in response to changes in Thailand's real national income. In the short run, the quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand falls when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries increases, but it is not responsive to Thailand's real national income. The quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand declines when the Thai baht depreciates against the Australian dollar. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand decreases when Australia's export price relative to that of competing countries' price increases. The estimated long run relative price elasticity of demand is -1.13. In the long run, the quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand does not change significantly in response to changes in Thailand's real national income. The quantity of Australia's butter exports demanded in Thailand declines when the Thai baht depreciates against the Australian dollar. The estimated long run exchange rate elasticity of demand is -6.34. In the short run, the quantity of Australia's cheese and curd exports demanded in Thailand is not responsive either to the relative price of exports or to Thailand's real national income. In the long run the quantity of Australia's cheese and curd exports demanded in Thailand changes significantly in response to changes in Thailand's real national income. The estimated long run income elasticity of demand is 1.84. During the interviews, the export managers of Australian dairy export companies agreed that Thailand is a significant importer of Australia's dairy products, particularly for SMP, WMP, whey powder, butter and cheese. Thailand's stable economic and political environment is one of the reasons that they are attracted to the Thai market. The principal factors that make Australia's products successful in the Thai market are competitive price and 'clean, green and natural' products. However, limited Australian dairy product varieties and distribution channels are major factors that contribute to Australia falling behind New Zealand and the EU in the Thai market. The Australian dairy Corporation (ADC) is not involved in promoting Australian dairy products in the Thai market at present, but has done so in the past. Thailand's tariff and import quota protection and support to local dairying industry is one of the barriers encountered by Australia's exports to Thailand. All the managers are hopeful of expanding opportunities for their dairy exports in the Thai market. These findings imply that Australian dairy export companies could expand the dairy product varieties they export and offer for sale in the Thai market. They could also take advantage of the established sales distribution network in addition to exploring the possibilities of setting up their own distribution channels. They could be looking into the possibilities of setting up of joint ventures with local dairy processing companies in Thailand so that their dairy exports could be expanded. The Australian dairy export companies as well as the ADC have to actively promote in various ways the Australian dairy product exports in the Thai market in order to take advantage of the window of opportunities open to them within the trade liberalisation framework of the Australia-Thailand free trade agreement (FTA).

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37

Mitsis, Ann. "Antecedents to student-based brand equity: student brand loyalty and perceived quality in higher education." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15748/.

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It is clear that postgraduate business students are becoming increasingly analytical in their course and university selection. MBA and other Master of Business students are more aware of the risks involved in choosing the right course and university to study at. For Australia the higher education industry has been one of the fastest growing service exports and Australia's third largest behind tourism and transportation and is worth $4 billion. With the increasing global competition of university degrees the ability of countries like Australia to continue to capture these benefits over tiie longer term is unclear. The aims of this thesis was first to enable manager's within non elite branded universities to better understand what steps are needed to enhance student based brand equity and secondly, to contribute to the understanding of how consumer based brand equity is created and maintained within a unique service environment of a university.

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38

Wang, Jeffrey Jian. "Examination of outsourcing of components and finished products from Australia to companies in China : inter-firm business problems, solutions and business success factors." Thesis, 2012. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/19412/.

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Manufacturing structures have partly changed from high levels of vertical integration to outsourcing during the past twenty to thirty years. As a result, outsourcing has often become the preferred choice for labour intensive products. In Australia, many companies have increased their outsourcing of components and finished products to developing countries, particularly mainland China, primarily to take advantage of lower labour and other production costs. Thus decisions in outsourcing are fundamental to organisational restructuring. However, although outsourcing can achieve many significant benefits, it presents a variety of new risks and problems due to the extension of supply chains, and needs solutions.

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39

Mizrachi, Isaac. "Facebook Adoption by Australian Small Tourism Enterprises (STEs): Business Requirements and User Perceptions." Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25800/.

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The findings of the research identified similarities in the way that both STEs and the users perceive Facebook as a marketing platform for the STE accommodation businesses. On the other hand, the research found significant limitations in the social media knowledge and skills STEs possessed, including the manner in which they interpreted the main function and goals of having a Facebook presence. In general, STEs were found to be overly experimental with their Facebook maintenance, which assisted them in exploring the business benefits of Facebook and, in particular, promoting their business in an affordable way. However, the same spontaneity led to the above-mentioned limitations. The study proposed an implementation model for Facebook adoption by accommodation STEs. Two anchors form the model: one being the strategy of Facebook adoption and the other addressing the availability of resources and skills related to Facebook adoption. Measuring STE performance on Facebook is another interactive component of the model. The research portrays a representational picture of early adopting accommodation STEs and their use of the Facebook social media platform and sets the foundations for future research. The proposed implementation model can be used to further explore Facebook adoption amongst the cohort of Australian accommodation STEs. Notably, the model proposed and the findings can be used in researching other types of STEs, both in Australia and in other destinations. Although premised on the Facebook social media platform, the proposed implementation model can be potentially extended to other forms of social media platforms.

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40

Lee, Karen Wing Sze. "Understanding the problems of managing quality in the handling chain for horticultural products." Thesis, 1995. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/18186/.

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In response to the establishment of the East Gippsland Vegetable Industry Board, a major new initiative in fresh vegetable production, marketing and a research program was initiated. It was to examine a number of factors highlighted by the Boston Consulting Group that were inhibiting the industry from becoming world competitive. These factors included the size of individual production units, transport and handling procedures, postharvest care, yield and a poor understanding of the handling chain and market intelligence (Boston Consulting Group, 1992c). As part of the research program, this study was initiated to analyse the handling chain for fresh horticultural produce. Its purpose was to provide a detailed understanding of the conditions affecting the development of a quality management program. As will be seen in the following literature review, well controlled and operated handling chains are difficult to establish in Australia. Therefore, it is important that this aspect of horticulture be thoroughly understood so that it can be operated efficiently. Such a requirement is rendered more important when it is considered that East Gippsland is at least 300 km from any major port or distribution centre. This report through the use of a range of methods (i.e. pilot study, survey and case study) puts forward the thesis that for the long term sustainability of the fresh produce industry in Australia, it is necessary that procedures be established to enable market signals to be better disseminated to all players along the handling chain. This lack of information flow makes it difficult for suppliers to ensure that the product consistently satisfies consumer requirements. Other problems related to material handling, transport efficiency, storage facilities, training needs and quality control procedures are related to the fragmented nature of the industry. The survey showed a correlation between how well a producer understood the complexity of the handling chain and how he resolved other quality related problems. In overcoming this central issue, three case studies were undertaken to define different kinds of solutions. While this study makes a number of recommendations, the real challenge for operators in this industry is to put into place as quickly as possible a series of actions that will integrate customers needs into the whole production-distribution-supply system. This suggests the need for a more coordinated approach to quality management such as TQM (Total Quality Management). To be successful in implementing such a program in this industry frequent communication and co-operation within the whole handling chain would be needed. In order to achieve the desired industry commitment to quality, there are four major which need to be addressed when implementing TQM: (a) Importance of regular timely customer feedback (b) Formalisation of handling procedures for the entire handling chain (c) Importance of education and training (d) Avoid the confusing aspects of Quality Assurance (QA) and Total Quality Management (TQM) in quality management.

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41

Wallace, Douglas Melvin. "Measurement of customer quality and service requirements in a paper converting company." Thesis, 1995. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/18222/.

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Research into customer service in the manufacturing industry has lagged behind that in service industries, where superior service quality is the most important strategic priority and companies that focus on their customers will build a loyalty that will preclude competitors. In the service industry, customer service needs to be designed for the particular product and process, with measurable outcomes that deliver the results of consumer research. In the manufacture of consumer goods, the product needs to be augmented by customer service factors which fall into the areas of design activities to enhance physical quality, as well as non physical or service activities such as response times, delivery, installation and after-sales repairs. However it is dangerous for a company to try to compete by offering superior service on all dimensions simultaneously and trade offs must be made based on appropriate consumer research. The overall objective of this research was to provide strategic direction for improving quality and customer service in the paper converting industry. The research achieved that aim by determining the requirements of quality and service for different customers, different products and market segments, through a newly extended process which obtained feedback from corporate customers and two groups of end users, those purchasing premium products and those purchasing low cost products. In the business being considered, surveys had already been conducted by semantic network analysis and gap analysis by market research consultants. This research carried out additional surveys and compared them with those already available. The present research employed a cross-sectional causal field experiment using two questionnaires. Because responses were obtained from both national intermediary and representative napkin end users, each survey had a common core, applicable to all respondents and individual sections for corporate customer and end users. As a result of the surveys, it was concluded that considerable differences existed between intermediary users and end users in: - their ranking of elements of quality and customer service, - their ranking of the technical aspects of quality and, - their evaluation of the suitability of a napkin for their use. A series of specific differences were found, of which the most important are: - all the customers expect quality and there are no significant differences in their views, but low series napkin users have lower quality expectations. - premium product users require a wider range of napkins than corporate users, who have their own specific narrow range, and low cost users who expected a limited choice. - corporate customers want better stock availability and full quantity deliveries at the exact time and day specified. It was concluded that the detailed surveys, in the present research, had greater validity than previous ones because they covered a wider range of customer requirements, not limited to those already being offered. The research made a series of recommendations about, for example, softness and embossing standards in manufacturing, which it is hoped will be adopted. The aim, to obtain feedback across the whole range of customer requirements for future strategic direction, had been achieved.

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42

Chartrungruang, Bung-On. "Relationship between staff selection and training based upon TQM principles and guest satisfaction with service quality in hotel settings." Thesis, 2002. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15406/.

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This thesis proposes a theoretical model that aims to explain the relationship between staff selection and training based on the principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) and guest satisfaction in 4-5 star hotels in the USA and Australia and Thailand. This exploratory research aims to generate emphical evidence concerning the relationship between TQM, guest satisfaction and human resource performance.

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43

Kiraka, Ruth. "Managing Development Organisations: A Process-Based Assessment of Australian Based Non Governmental Development Organisations." 2003. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/266/1/266contents.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

This study focused on Australian-based non-governmental development organisations (NGDOs) (also referred to as non-governmental aid agencies). The study used a telephone survey of eleven agencies and a mail survey of forty-five agencies to make inferences about organisational processes of delivering development assistance, together with an evaluation of the contribution of organisational factors and external environmental factors to the delivery of that assistance. Those aspects of organisational factors that were selected for examination were restricted to two areas, namely (i) organisational structures, and (ii) strategies for financial resource mobilisation and service delivery. The external factors selected were (i) the external stakeholders of non-governmental aid agencies (development clients, partner agencies, donors, governments, other aid agencies) and (ii) the macro environment factors. In examining these issues, the study found that: 1. In spite of the diversity within the non-governmental aid agency sector, the processes of service delivery could be broadly labeled into the following subprocesses (i) project identification and initial assessment; (ii) project implementation; and (iii) project monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment. Within each of these three sub-processes, a fourth sub-process Ã¢ÂÂ a project sustainability process was identified. These processes, and the microprocesses within each of them, were identified in a wide range of organisations, representing different development sectors, size, scope of operation, goals, policies and objectives. This suggests that irrespective of the diversity within the sector, there are underlying principles that govern the development assistance role of aid agencies. 2. Within the broad service delivery process variations existed between agencies in respect of how the steps within each sub-process were managed. The organisational factors, structures and strategies, accounted for some of these variations in the processes. In addition, respondents identified organisational policies, working principles and the learning experiences as accounting for some of the variation. It was observed that whereas some agencies attempted to change those organisational factors that they perceived as disabling to the process of service delivery, others were unable to change owing to resource constraints. 3. The intervening effect of the external environment on process was also examined. Whereas all the agencies were faced by a similar external environment, their responses to the environment were varied, consequently varying the process of service delivery. External stakeholders were categorised as having a significant influence on the process, as their expectations formed the criteria against which the performance of aid agencies was judged. Within the stakeholders, however, there were the more powerful donors and governments and the less powerful development clients and partners. The challenge for the aid agencies was therefore to not only respond to stakeholder expectations in ways that promoted an effective service delivery process, but also balance between the stakeholder expectations, to ensure agenciesÃ¢ÂÂ credibility was not undermined. Responding to the changes in the macro environment was considered especially difficult, as the task of examining and interpreting trends was complex, and appropriate responses hard to determine. 4. From the evidence gathered, it is clear that organisational factors within aid agencies and contextual factors influence the process of service delivery. Thus, for aid agencies and others involved in development assistance, evaluating project work by focusing on the outputs and outcomes of specific projects and on the capabilities of development clients and partner agencies in developing countries begs half the issue. The context for success or failure is much broader. A wholistic critical examination of organisational factors within aid agencies and the contexts within which agencies operate ought to be included in any assessment of development outcomes. Such an assessment will enable practitioners to account for mismatches between intentions and outcomes of development initiatives in a comprehensive way. Any assessment short of these factors will always be inadequate. The significance of such an extensive critical evaluation of the outcomes of the work of aid agencies, would be the development of an elaborate guide to good development management practices that aid agencies can use to improve on their performance.

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44

Wood, Erin. "Pilot Salary Determination in Australia's Domestic Airlines from Whitlam to Keating." 1997. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/238/1/02whole.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis places the 1989 Australian domestic pilots and airlines dispute in the context of pilot industrial relations 'norms', pilot industrial relations history and the political and economic environment. The aim is to gain a greater understanding of the 1989 dispute and to answer questions such as whether the dispute stood out from its context as an inexplicable development. It was discovered that the reasons behind the dispute went well beyond the AFAP claim for a 29.47% salary increase. The dispute built up over a lengthy period and can only be properly understood by considering: - the nature of the pilot community and pilot militancy, - the history of pilot industrial relations, - pilot bargaining patterns, - the individuals involved in pilot industrial relations, - the impact of the Accord on pilot bargaining, - the interventionist approach of labor governments to pilot industrial relations, - the roles of the ACTU and the AIRC, - the impact of neo-corporatism in the Australian industrial relations system, - the impact of aviation deregulation, - the impact of economic fortunes, - any many others... Pilot industrial relations and salary determination will be considered in the period since the Whitlam Government, with reference to the parties, the influences upon them and the environment in which their relationships were conducted. Emphasis will be given to the implications for and of the 1989 dispute. Observations shall also be made about the future of pilot industrial relations.

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45

Muldoon, Shane Douglas. "Excellent Managers: Exploring the Acquisition, Measurement, and Impact of Leader Skills in an Australian Business Context." 2003. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/261/1/Muldoon.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis explores the acquisition, measurement, and impact of leader skills in relation to business managers' performance in an Australian context. The central problem explored in this thesis is whether effective managers are the same as successful managers, and the role of leader skills in that respect. Studies of managers commonly equate effectiveness with success. However, Luthans, Hodgetts and Rosenkrantz (1988) have shown that effectiveness and success are not identical concepts. In this thesis, research results are classified into four categories. Managers recognised as achieving both individual success and leader effectiveness are classified as excellent. Those who are comparatively high in individual success but low in leader effectiveness are classified as career managers. Highly effective managers with low individual success are classified as achievement managers. Finally, those low in individual success and low in leader effectiveness are classified as student managers. This classification framework is named the Manager Quad. It is presented in Figure 3.1. The quadrant categories are based on the results of a quantitative survey of 185 work unit members and 43 managers drawn from 49 work units employed in 17 companies. These results are reported in Chapter Five. Qualitative data derived from 16 interviews of managers are also analysed and reported in Chapters Six and Seven. The theoretical framework for this thesis, resulting in the four categories, involves a Reality Management Theory of individualised leadership developed within a Symbolic Interactionist paradigm. This theory is summarised in Section 3.4. It is theorised that outcomes like effectiveness and success depend upon leader skills accrued from life-long learning processes. It is proposed that excellent managers' behaviours form a highly proficient, integrated set of leader skills within what is described in this thesis as the Leader Action Characteristics Set (LACS). This thesis presents a leader skill instrument referred to as the Leader Interaction Skills Inventory (LISI). The instrument demonstrates parsimony, reliability, and validity in an Australian business context. Statistical analysis of data shows leader skill proficiencies are related to managers' leader effectiveness, individual success, and work unit performance. Additionally, qualitative analyses indicate four Differential, Interpreted Life Patterns (DILPs), which provide important conceptual extension of the quad. DILPs are shown to distinguish managers' abilities to define situations that produce desirable business results. In this thesis it is argued that leader skills are relative rather than absolute. The data analysis classifies a number of respondents as excellent managers, indicating that Australia has a reasonable number of business managers with highly proficient leader skills, and shows many other Australian managers possess very sound, though incomplete sets of leader skills.

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46

Ross, Nicole Kristine. "Doing Good While Going Public: Ramping Up the ExactTarget Foundation Amidst the IPO Process (Q1 2012)." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3222.

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