Journal articles on the topic 'Market surveys Australia'
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Miljkovic, Dragan, and Hyun Jin. "Import Demand for Quality in the Japanese Beef Market." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 35, no. 2 (October 2006): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500006729.
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The case of reduction in ad valorem tariffs as a trade liberalization policy is considered in this article. It is shown that the reduction leads to a higher quality of imports, ceteris paribus. This hypothesis was tested on the case of Japanese beef imports from the United States and Australia. U. S. beef, according to the results of Gallup surveys, is considered by Japanese consumers to be a high quality product, while Australian beef is considered to be a low quality product. Empirical results support the hypothesis. Moreover, the recent domination of U. S. beef in the Japanese market is further explained by increasingly more efficient U. S. beef production relative to Australian production and a strong income effect, where an increase in per capita income leads to more demand for higher quality products.
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Bednall, David H. B., Stewart Adam, and Katrine Plocinski. "Ethics in Practice." International Journal of Market Research 52, no. 2 (March 2010): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/s1470785309201156.
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Survey researchers face declining response rates, due to lower contactability and more selective cooperation by potential respondents. Commercial market research companies are under even greater pressure than academic researchers as most commercial surveys do not have high social status. Several persuasion techniques to enhance cooperation have been used in academic surveys, though some of them might be considered unethical. Given the commercial pressures of time and cost, this study investigated the extent to which market research companies favoured these persuasion techniques. A survey of fieldwork managers in companies operating in Australia was conducted, along with qualitative research. It was found that some techniques were unacceptable as they threatened long-term relationships with the public, some were impractical and others were useful, but not for all surveys.
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Spinks, Jean M., and Jeff R. J. Richardson. "Paying the right price for pharmaceuticals: a case study of why the comparator matters." Australian Health Review 35, no. 3 (2011): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10930.
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This article considers the pricing policy for pharmaceuticals in Australia, which is widely seen as having achieved low drug prices. However, compared to New Zealand, the evidence implies that Australia might have improved its performance significantly if it had proactively sought market best pricing. The Australian record suggests that the information sought by authorities may not be sufficient for optimal pricing and that the economic evaluation of pharmaceuticals may be neither necessary nor sufficient for achieving this goal. What is known about the topic? Pharmaceutical expenditures vary significantly across countries. Few surveys exist to determine the role of price but these suggest that Australian prices are relatively low compared with most OECD countries. What does this paper add? An analysis of public data implies that Australia pays significantly higher prices than NZ for its pharmaceuticals. This is attributable to NZ’s more effective use of competition, especially in the market for generics. Australian policy effectively limits competition by the provision of price information to competing companies. Recent agreements are similarly consistent with de facto regulatory capture. What are the implications for practitioners? There should be a review of pharmaceutical pricing policies with the criterion for success being the ‘lowest’, not ‘comparable’ world prices. Comparators should include prices paid for quality drugs in all, not selected countries, where data are available.
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Treloar, Peter, and C. Michael Hall. "Tasting fees and the youth market." Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v2i2.105.
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Many wineries in Australia and New Zealand are seeking strategies to continue to develop in a highly competitive marketplace. One such strategy is via the development of wine tourism. Although there is a significant amount of literature of the relative advantages and disadvantages of wine tourism for small wineries, particularly with respect to its educational and market development function, there is very little research available on how wine tourism is perceived by the next generation of wine drinkers – the youth market. The purpose of this study is therefore to gain a better understanding of how the youth market perceives tasting fees at wineries and influences on purchasing and other wine behaviours. In late 2003, 599 surveys were distributed to ten universities throughout Australia and New Zealand, of which 448 were returned, representing a valid response rate of 74.8 percent. The results of the survey indicated that the majority of respondents who thought of wine tourism as an appealing activity, who had visited wineries previously, who normally consumed and purchased wine and who had some knowledge of wine all thought that a fee at the cellar door would impact on their decision to visit. Wineries need to maximise the return on their wine, however there also needs to be recognition of the potential trade-off between immediate returns from charging for tastings and cellar-door sales versus longer-term returns from direct and indirect sales. In some markets, and particularly the ‘Generation Y’ market, seeking short-term returns through charging may affect longer-term custom and loyalty. However, regardless of the strategy, it is important that it is effectively communicated to the market, particularly if individual wineries are interested in growing the market for the future.
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Sangha, Kamaljit K., Bevlyn Sithole, Hmalan Hunter-Xenie, Cherry Daniels, Dean Yibarbuk, Glenn James, Christine Michael, Jackie Gould, Andrew C. Edwards, and Jeremy Russell-Smith. "Empowering Remote Indigenous Communities in Natural Disaster Prone Northern Australia." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 35, no. 3 (November 2017): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701703500302.
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Risks and challenges associated with recurring natural hazards (especially wet season cyclonic and flooding events; dry season extensive savanna fires) facing remote north Australian Indigenous communities are well recognised. Less well appreciated are longer-term challenges required for building community resilience in the face of responding to natural hazards. We report on detailed surveys of community perceptions of resilience undertaken in two communities, Ngukurr and Gunbalanya, in northern Australia. This assessment highlights the critical challenge for government authorities to effectively engage with remote communities. We then address the equally challenging issue of enhancing resilience through building enterprise opportunities. Currently, only few employment opportunities exist in either community. Based on experience with market-based savanna burning greenhouse gas emissions abatement projects in north Australia, we illustrate the potential for ecosystem service-based enterprises to deliver culturally appropriate employment, which offers evident benefits for local communities in preparing for, responding to, and recovering from major natural disaster events.
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Godard, John. "New Dawn or Bad Moon Rising?" Articles 56, no. 1 (October 17, 2002): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000139ar.
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Summary This article discusses the potential advantages of large scale, government administered workplace surveys and the limitations of these surveys in the past. It then reviews the 1995 AWIRS (Australia), the 1998 WERS (U.K.), and the 1999 WES (Canada) in accordance with how well they appear to have succeeded in overcoming these limitations, and, more generally, with their implications for the conduct of industrial relations (IR) research. It is argued that the 1995 AWIRS does not appreciably overcome the limitations of previous surveys. In contrast, the 1998 WERS has yielded a substantially higher quality data set, although it also does not completely overcome the limitations of its predecessors. Finally, the 1999 WES promises an even higher quality data set, but is primarily a labour market and productivity survey rather than an IR survey, and could even portend a “bad moon rising” for Canadian IR research.
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Mitchell, Andrew, Anna Rothbart, Greta Frankham, Rebecca N. Johnson, and Linda E. Neaves. "Could do better! A high school market survey of fish labelling in Sydney, Australia, using DNA barcodes." PeerJ 7 (June 14, 2019): e7138. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7138.
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Background Processed seafood products are not readily identifiable based on physical characteristics, which leaves the industry vulnerable to high levels of product mislabelling (globally estimated at 5–30% mislabelled). This is both a food safety issue and a consumer protection issue as cheaper species could be substituted for more expensive species. DNA barcoding is proving to be a valuable tool for authentication of fish products. We worked with high school students to perform a market survey and subsequent species assessment via DNA barcoding to investigate the accuracy of fish product names used by retailers in Sydney, Australia. Methods Sixty-eight fish samples, sold under 50 different common names, were purchased anonymously from two retailers in Sydney. Each product name was recorded and reconciled with the Australian Fish Names Standard (AFNS). Samples were DNA barcoded and resulting sequences were deposited in the online Barcode of Life Data system using the simplified Student Data Portal interface. Results Forty percent of the fish names did not comply with the AFNS, however, half of these were either spelling errors or vendors supplied more information than the standard requires. The other half of the non-compliant samples were given common names not listed on the AFNS. Despite this lack of standardization, DNA barcode data confirmed the retailers’ identifications for 93% of samples and 90% of species sampled. Discussion The level of mislabelling we report for Sydney retailers (7% of samples or 10% of species) compares favorably with the global rates of 5–30%, but unfavorably with the only previous DNA barcode fish authentication study for Australia, which found no confirmed mislabelling in Hobart. Our study sampled mostly Australian produce, only two retailers and no restaurants. Results of our limited sample suggest that although many Sydney fish retailers attempt to implement the voluntary fish name standards, the standards are inadequate. As Australia imports 75% of its seafood, and in other countries restaurants generally show lower levels of compliance than retailers, broader surveys are needed before generalizing these results. DNA barcoding is a powerful yet simple method supported by accessible online analytical tools. Incorporation of fish barcoding into high school science classes provided students with valuable firsthand experience in scientific research and drew together different strands of the NSW curriculum relating to genetics and sustainability. Given the techniques, equipment, and reagents are now readily accessible, we expect to see greater uptake of DNA barcoding technology by high schools, citizen scientists and consumer groups in Australia in future. However, there remains much scope for further development of DNA barcode diagnostics (both data and analytical methods) for commercial fish species.
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Carson, D. B., and A. J. Taylor. "Sustaining four wheel drive tourism in desert Australia: exploring the evidence from a demand perspective." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 1 (2008): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07036.
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Four wheel drive tourism appears to offer some potential for economic development in desert Australia. Realising this potential in a sustainable way will require attention to issues of destination competitiveness, innovation and manageability (in regards to travellers’ safety, and environmental, social and cultural impacts). This paper reports on several surveys of four wheel drive travellers to present evidence of the extent to which the market favours deserts over other destinations (competitiveness), the extent to which the market can be diversified and made resilient (innovation), and the willingness of the market to engage in processes which mitigate environmental, social and cultural impacts (manageability). It finds that the desert is a favoured environment for four wheel drive travel but that other environments are more favoured. There appear to be a range of market segments based on motivations, activities, and demographics which offer potential for a diversified marketplace. There are major differences, for example, between domestic and international travellers. The extent to which travellers, and particularly relatively inexperienced travellers, are willing to engage in processes to mitigate environmental, social and cultural impacts is not well understood.
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Creedy, John, and Keith Whitfield. "Job Mobility and Earnings: An Internal Labour Market Analysis." Journal of Industrial Relations 30, no. 1 (March 1988): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218568803000106.
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The analysis of job mobility and earnings has been dominated by human capital theory. This approach has been subject to considerable criticism in recent years, particularly about the manner in which it conceptualizes the processes that take place between the start and end of a job. An alternative is the internal labour market approach, which focuses on the very processes which are so problematic for human capital theory. Information from three specially designed surveys of professional scientists in Australia and Britain suggests that the processes that are central to internal labour market theory are crucial to generating the distribution of earnings. While the evidence presented is not necessarily incompatible with human capital theory, it does suggest that future research on the earnings distribution could usefully involve the development of the internal labour market approach.
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Craig, Lyn, Judith E. Brown, and Jiweon Jun. "Fatherhood, Motherhood and Time Pressure in Australia, Korea, and Finland." Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society 27, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 312–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz006.
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Abstract Using nationally representative Time Use Surveys from Australia, Korea, and Finland (n = 19,127 diaries) we examine how parenthood and the age of the youngest child are associated with the recuperative activities of leisure and sleep, the productive activities of market and nonmarket work, and with subjective time stress. Time stress differences by fatherhood are greatest for Finns and least for Koreans; time stress differences by motherhood are absent for Finns and high for Australians and Koreans. Results of the comparative analysis suggest that social policy and average national working hours produce different gendered gaps in both objective and subjective time stress among parents.
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Pusey, Michael, and Marion McCutcheon. "From the Media Moguls to the Money Men? Media Concentration in Australia." Media International Australia 140, no. 1 (August 2011): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1114000106.
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This article examines how the Howard government's 2006 media ownership rules affected the concentration of ownership of Australian commercial television and radio services and newspapers. It reviews the historical context of these changes and presents new data on ownership in the light of attitude surveys showing that a large majority of Australians believe media owners have too much power. It shows that the new ownership regime has led to more rather than less concentration of ownership, and explains how the 2006 rules both give primacy to economic market considerations and further sideline other priorities of quality and democratic governance of the media.
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Quintal, Vanessa, Ben Thomas, Ian Phau, and Zorana Soldat. "Using push-pull winescape attributes to model Australian wine tourist segmentation." International Journal of Wine Business Research 29, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 346–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-01-2017-0007.
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Purpose The study aims to introduce a comprehensive segmentation instrument that incorporates the push–pull winescape attributes, providing a new perspective of the wine tourist profile and explaining their behavioural intentions in the Australian winescape. Design/methodology/approach A literature review, focus groups and expert panels generated an extensive list of push–pull winescape attributes. Pen-and-paper surveys conveniently sampled 739 wine tourists at three wineries across three wine regions in Australia. Adopting push–pull winescape attributes as the segmentation base, cluster analysis identified four segments, namely, inspireds, self-drivens, market-drivens and inerts, and their behavioural intentions were examined. Findings Inspireds demonstrate both self- and market-motivation. Self-drivens exhibit self-motivation but limited market-motivation, whereas Market-drivens characterise market-motivation but limited self-motivation. Inerts are limited in both market- and self-motivations. At the Swan Valley, all four segments were identified, with Inspireds being the most willing to revisit and recommend to others and Inerts, the least willing. At the Barossa Valley, only two segments emerged. Again, Inspireds and Inerts were the most and least willing to revisit and recommend to others respectively. Finally, at the Yarra Valley, three segments were identified. Market-drivens were most willing to revisit and recommend to others, followed by self-drivens and lastly, by inerts. Research limitations/implications A comprehensive push–pull winescape segmentation base of wine tourists is introduced, which provides a more sophisticated profile of wine tourist segments than otherwise would be attained with conventional measures. Practical implications New insights into who the wine tourist is and what it is they seek from the winescape are vital to smaller wine producers whose best access to the domestic retail and export markets is through direct selling at the cellar door. Originality/value The empirically tested 18-item push–pull winescape instrument presents a comprehensive segmentation approach, which profiles wine tourists and predicts their behavioural intentions based on an extensive investigation of push–pull winescape attributes.
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CONSIDINE, MARK. "Markets, Networks and the New Welfare State: Employment Assistance Reforms in Australia." Journal of Social Policy 28, no. 2 (April 1999): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279499005607.
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Contemporary theoretical debates point to a transformation of societies and social organisations away from universal forms of mass production and consumption, organised through mass institutions, towards smaller, diversified, entrepreneurial units linked together by new forms of market and network co-ordination. This greater diversity is also held to be a feature of service users who require individually fashioned solutions to non-standard problems and tailored products for their different tastes.Applications of these accounts of social and economic transformation to the public sector propose similar patterns to those evident in private industry and in regional communities. The large, standardised bureaucracy is seen to give way to de-coupled, multiple agency models of service delivery within a new type of welfare state.The study uses interviews and surveys (n = 365) with service delivery staff in the Australian employment assistance sector where transformations of this type have recently been sponsored by government. These data indicate that many of the key propositions of the post-Fordist account are valid. Smaller, non-unionised units dominate the new order and services are devolved to the local level. However a number of the expected patterns of flexible specialisation, diversity and networking are not found, suggesting marked differences and possible tensions between public and private sector forms of organisational development in the new order.
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Apergis, Nicholas. "DO BUSINESS CYCLE REGIMES MATTER IN FINANCIAL PORTFOLIO CHOICE?" Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 21, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v21i1.958.
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This study investigates how business cycles regimes can explain financial portfolio decisions across investors and countries, given a number of idiosyncratic characteristics. In particular, the empirical strategy studies the relationship between risky asset shares and linear and nonlinear business cycles. The empirical part employs data from household surveys in the U.K., France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Italy, Switzerland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand for the period of 1998 to 2012. The analysis provides evidence that while a linear framework does not provide a statistically significant association between business cycles and decisions in risky investments, a nonlinear business cycles context leads investors to decrease their risky investments stronger during recessions than they increase them during booms, lending support to the hypothesis of interaction between financial risks and other determinants. The results are expected to signal interesting flashing points not only to market participants and portfolio managers, but mainly to policy makers and the way their economic policy decisions affect the working of financial markets.
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VANDERLINDE, PAUL B., BARRY SHAY, and JAMES MURRAY. "Microbiological Quality of Australian Beef Carcass Meat and Frozen Bulk Packed Beef." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.4.437.
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Two studies were undertaken to determine the microbiological quality of beef carcass meat and frozen boneless bulk packed beef produced in Australia. Samples were collected from 1,063 beef carcasses and from 929 cartons of frozen boneless bulk packed beef over a period of approximately 12 months. Samples were collected from works processing beef carcasses for the Australian domestic market and from works targeting export markets. On carcasses processed for export markets, where bacterial counts were obtained, the log10 mean of the APC (aerobic plate count) was 3.13 CFU/cm2; the geometric mean of the coliform count was 19 MPN/cm2; and the geometric mean of Escherichia coli was 13 MPN/cm2. A small percentage (0.59%) of export samples were found positive for Listeria monocytogenes, 0.16% were positive for Campylobacter jejuni/coli, 0.22% were positive for Salmonella spp., and 29% were positive for coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. Bacterial numbers were lower on carcasses processed for export markets and higher on carcasses chilled for more than 24 h. Escherichia coli O157 was recovered from 4 of 893 export carcasses tested (0.45%). Of the export frozen boneless bulk packed beef samples that tested positive, the log10 mean of the APC was 2.5 CFU/g, the geometric mean of the coliform count was 15 MPN/g, and the geometric mean number of E. coli was 15 MPN/g. Three of 787 export frozen samples (0.38%) tested positive for Salmonella spp. E. coli O157 was not isolated from any of the 685 export frozen samples tested for this bacteria. Export samples on average had lower APCs than domestic samples. Results from both surveys are compared with data from similar studies in other countries.
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Powell, Trevor G. "Discovering Australia's future petroleum resources: the strategic geoscience information role of government." APPEA Journal 48, no. 1 (2008): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj07020.
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Australia’s production of oil is in steady decline. Given the maturity of the oil producing areas, only the discovery of a significant new oil province can arrest the long-term decline in Australian production. Moreover, the increase in demand for clean energy and the location of Australia’s major gas reserves means additional gas resources are also desirable. Many sedimentary basins both onshore and offshore are under-explored and are classed as exploration frontiers. Only Australian national, State and Territory governments, acting jointly or severally in partnership with the private sector, can ensure that the petroleum resource endowment of these frontiers is appropriately explored and developed to the benefit of the nation. As a nation, Australia needs to know the extent of this resource endowment. A major barrier to the exploration of these frontier basins is the absence of sufficient basic geological information to allow exploration investors to make well-informed decisions. Understanding prospectivity is a primary consideration for explorationists, but such assessments are fundamentally dependent upon an infrastructure of geoscience data, concepts and knowledge which provide the framework of successful exploration. The absence of information means high risk and reduces the possibility of investment in exploration in frontier basins. For exploration frontiers the basic geological information collected by State and national geological surveys is fundamental to informed decision-making by exploration companies. Australia competes with other nations for global exploration investment. Given the sovereign rights to the resource and the importance of oil and gas to the nation’s economy and security, provision of pre-competitive geoscience information by government is an effective way of attracting exploration investment to Australia. However, the supply of pre-competitive geoscience data—which includes ready access to pre-existing industry data and information—is a strategic enterprise that must be maintained for many years if it is to serve the needs of the nation and the industry through the long lead and cycle times inherent in the exploration and production cycle. Promotion of successful exploration is dependent on the maintenance of a competitive exploration environment that includes the free flow of relevant information in forms that meet the need of all market players. Australia has excellent examples of strategies and case histories where provision and promotion of geoscience information has been effective in attracting significant exploration investment.
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Krasna, Heather, Katarzyna Czabanowska, Shan Jiang, Simran Khadka, Haruka Morita, Julie Kornfeld, and Jeffrey Shaman. "The Future of Careers at the Intersection of Climate Change and Public Health: What Can Job Postings and an Employer Survey Tell Us?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041310.
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Climate change is acknowledged to be a major risk to public health. Skills and competencies related to climate change are becoming a part of the curriculum at schools of public health and are now a competency required by schools in Europe and Australia. However, it is unclear whether graduates of public health programs focusing on climate change are in demand in the current job market. The authors analyzed current job postings, 16 years worth of job postings on a public health job board, and survey responses from prospective employers. The current job market appears small but there is evidence from job postings that it may be growing, and 91.7% of survey respondents believe the need for public health professionals with training in climate change may grow in the next 5–10 years. Current employers value skills/competencies such as the knowledge of climate mitigation/adaptation, climate-health justice, direct/indirect and downstream effects of climate on health, health impact assessment, risk assessment, pollution-health consequences and causes, Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping, communication/writing, finance/economics, policy analysis, systems thinking, and interdisciplinary understanding. Ensuring that competencies align with current and future needs is a key aspect of curriculum development. At the same time, we recognize that while we attempt to predict future workforce needs with historical data or surveys, the disruptive reality created by climate change cannot be modeled from prior trends, and we must therefore adopt new paradigms of education for the emerging future.
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Wadley, David, Jung Hoon Han, and Peter Elliott. "Regarding high voltage overhead transmission lines (HVOTLs)." Property Management 37, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 178–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-04-2018-0024.
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Purpose Professionals’ market knowledge and business experience can facilitate transactions of residential property potentially impacted by stigmatised installations, such as large-scale public infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to explore perceptions and assessments among homeowners, valuers (appraisers) and real estate agents (realtors) regarding infrastructure in general and high voltage overhead transmission lines (HVOTLs) in particular. Design/methodology/approach Informed by a literature review, separate surveys in Queensland, Australia, analyse via non-parametric and parametric means informational and perceptual variables concerning HVOTLs among 600 homeowners, 90 valuers and 90 real estate agents. Findings The findings reveal statistically significant differences in risk and valuation perceptions of homeowners, valuers and real estate agents relating to the placement of major linear forms of infrastructure. Research limitations/implications This study adds to a now-solid body of literature pertaining to property effects of HVOTLs. It extends the analysis among classes of real estate professionals and provides new comparisons for further analysis and commentary. Practical implications The results speak to property professionals, land use planning and electricity authorities. Prior research can be triangulated with that obtained here from valuers and real estate agents who act as informants, gatekeepers and confidants in the market place. Various hypotheses address specific points of professional practice. Social implications This study shows that property professionals’ disposition to HVOTLs and other large-scale infrastructure is likely to be a good deal more measured than that of homeowners, so that valuers and real estate agents might exercise a mediating influence in placement and installations decisions. Originality/value This research raises understanding of differences in market knowledge and perception of essential infrastructure among clients and property agents. As a point of difference, it concentrates on examining empirically what texts refer to as “information asymmetry” in residential real estate markets.
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Riach, Kathleen, and Gavin Jack. "Women’s Health in/and Work: Menopause as an Intersectional Experience." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 10793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010793.
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This paper employs an intersectional lens to explore menopausal experiences of women working in the higher education and healthcare sectors in Australia. Open-text responses from surveys across three universities and three healthcare settings were subject to a multistage qualitative data analysis. The findings explore three aspects of menopause experience that required women to contend with a constellation of aged, gendered and ableist dynamics and normative parameters of labor market participation. Reflecting on the findings, the paper articulates the challenges of menopause as issues of workplace inequality that are rendered visible through an intersectional lens. The paper holds a range of implications for how to best support women going through menopause at work. It emphasizes the need for approaches to tackle embedded and more complex modes of inequality that impact working women’s menopause, and ensure that workforce policy both protects and supports menopausal women experiencing intersectional disadvantage.
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Hagen, Martina, Taara Madhavan, and John Bell. "Combined analysis of 3 cross-sectional surveys of pain in 14 countries in Europe, the Americas, Australia, and Asia: impact on physical and emotional aspects and quality of life." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 20, no. 3 (July 28, 2020): 575–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2020-0003.
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AbstractBackground and aimsRecognition of the biopsychosocial aspects of pain is important for a true understanding of the burden of pain and the necessity of pain management. Biopsychosocial aspects of pain may differ between countries and cultures. Market research methods can be well suited and effective for assessing patient perspectives of pain and biopsychosocial differences. We conducted and combined 3 cross-sectional, international surveys to document the impact of pain on physical and emotional aspects of life, as well as quality of life (QOL).MethodsOnline panelists from 24 countries took part in our surveys in 2014, 2016, and 2017. Fourteen countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Poland, Russia, United Kingdom, United States, Mexico, Sweden, Saudi Arabia) contributed data in all 3 surveys and comprise the analysis population. A Global Pain Index (GPI) was constructed using 8 questions in 3 categories: Physical (frequency, duration, intensity of pain), Emotional (anxiety, impact on self-esteem, happiness), and Impact on QOL and ability to enjoy life. Each item was scored as the percentage of respondents meeting a prespecified threshold indicative of a substantial pain impact. Scores for the items within each category were averaged to obtain a category score, category scores were averaged to obtain a total score for each survey, and total scores from each survey were averaged to obtain a final combined score. Scores were assessed for the overall population, by individual countries, by age and gender, and by self-identified pain-treatment status (treat immediately, wait, never treat).ResultsOf the 50,952 adult respondents, 28,861 (56.6%) had ever experienced musculoskeletal pain; 50% of those with pain had pain with a multifaceted impact based on the GPI (Physical: 51%; Emotional: 40%; QOL Impact: 59%). Russia (57%) and Poland (56%) had the highest scores; Mexico (46%), Germany (47%), and Japan (47%) had the lowest. GPI score was higher in women (52%) than men (48%), and initially increased with age through age 54 (18‒24 years: 45%; 25‒34 years: 52%; 35‒44 years: 53%; 45‒54 years: 54%), after which it decreased again (55‒64 years: 51%; ≥65 years: 45%). A majority (65%) of respondents wait to treat their pain, whereas 21% treat their pain immediately and 14% never treat pain. The most common reason for waiting (asked in survey 3 only) was to avoid taking medication.ConclusionsIn this combined analysis of 3 international surveys using a novel biopsychosocial pain assessment tool, pain had a substantial impact on ~50% of respondents’ lives, spanning physical (51%), emotional (40%), and QOL effects (59%). Despite the substantial impact, a majority of patients tried to avoid treating their pain.ImplicationsClinicians should take a biopsychosocial approach to pain by asking patients not only about the presence and severity of pain, but the extent to which it affects various aspects of their lives and daily functioning. Patients may also need education about the efficacy and safety of available treatments for self-management of pain. The GPI may be a useful new tool for future studies of the biopsychosocial effects of pain in large populations.
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UIBLEIN, FRANZ, DANIEL C. GLEDHILL, and TEGUH PERISTIWADY. "Two new goatfishes of the genus Upeneus (Mullidae) from Australia and Indonesia." Zootaxa 4318, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4318.2.4.
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Two new goatfishes of the genus Upeneus (Mullidae) belonging to the putative japonicus species group are described and compared with congeneric species using a large set of meristic, morphometric and colour characters. Upeneus farnis n. sp. Uiblein & Peristiwady is described based on 14 adult specimens (> 65 mm SL) collected at the local fish market of Bitung, NE Sulawesi, Indonesia. Upeneus spottocaudalis n. sp. Uiblein & Gledhill is described based on 16 adult and seven subadult specimens (< 65 mm SL) specimens collected by trawling surveys off NE Australia and one non-type adult specimen collected off southern Indonesia. The new species differ from all other congenerics in the combination of dorsal-fin spine, pectoral-fin ray and gill raker numbers, body and head depth, length of head, snout, barbels and paired fins, height of anal and dorsal fins, eye size, and body, barbel and caudal-fin colour patterns. When compared in detail with the 12 other species of the japonicus group, Upeneus farnis n. sp. can be distinguished by smaller eyes, shallower anal and second dorsal fins, more pectoral-fin rays and gill rakers, and the lower caudal-fin lobe almost completely dark pigmented. Upeneus spottocaudalis n. sp. differs from the other japonicus-group species in larger eyes, higher second dorsal fin, pectoral fin shorter than pelvic fin, and presence of rounded, dark spots on the lower caudal-fin lobe. Subadults differ from adult U. spottocaudalis n. sp. mainly in longer pelvic fins. The high diversity of Upeneus species in relation to divergence in colour patterns and the need of further taxonomic exploration of the genus Upeneus is discussed.
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Findlay, Patricia, and Paul Thompson. "Contemporary work: Its meanings and demands." Journal of Industrial Relations 59, no. 2 (February 14, 2017): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185616672251.
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This article addresses recurrent trends in the forces shaping work and its meanings. Using evidence from large-scale surveys and qualitative case studies it maps the changing picture of work and employment, particularly in the UK and Australia. It does so by focusing on insecurity, demanding work, performance management, work–life boundaries and dis/engagement. Whilst identifying a number of negative impacts of change such as growing insecurity and excessive work pressures, the article emphasises that these are trends, not universals, and don’t affect all workers or affect them in the same way. We need to be more careful about how trends are translated into overarching theoretical constructs that give a misleading picture. In policy terms, attention should be given to the intersection of labour process and labour market factors, the changing boundaries between and shared aspirations of ‘standard’ and ‘nonstandard’ workers, and to a more nuanced understanding of the positive elements of ‘bad’ jobs and the more negative elements of ‘good’ ones.
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Anwar, Syed Tariq. "FDI Regimes, Investment Screening Process, and Institutional Frameworks: China versus Others in Global Business." Journal of World Trade 46, Issue 2 (April 1, 2012): 213–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2012008.
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The main purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyse foreign direct investment (FDI) regimes and their screening processes, institutional frameworks, and business environments in world trade. China's FDI regime is specifically compared with that of the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Other countries (France, Germany, Japan, Hong Kong, and Switzerland) were also included in the discussion to evaluate their regulatory and investment issues. By using interdisciplinary literature, secondary data, and research surveys and reports from multilateral institutions, the study investigates the changing profile of FDI regimes in world trade. The paper reveals that China's FDI regime has embraced significant changes to attract foreign investment. Currently, the Chinese market is open yet restricted in its own regulatory environment and institutional hurdles. Investment regimes in the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom continue to change to attract foreign investment that is critical to their economies. We believe that more country- and industry-specific studies are needed to investigate FDI regimes and their institutional frameworks. In today's world trade, China is particularly an interesting case study since the country aggressively attracts foreign investment while keeping its hybrid economy. Policymakers, multinational corporations (MNCs), governments, and researchers need to pay attention to today's changing FDI regimes because of growth opportunities and MNC expansion. The study provides useful discussion and meaningful implications that can be used by policy analysts and practitioners worldwide.
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Shupyk, S. "Foreign experience in the development of dairy cattle and directions of its use in domestic practice." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (155) (May 21, 2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-155-1-36-46.
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The article analyzes the support for the US market, where the government has allocated almost $ 22.2 billion for the development of dairy cattle. direct and indirect subsidies to the country's dairy sector (35.02 c/l), which is equivalent to 73% of farmers' milk sales, showed relatively high domestic support, export subsidies, conservation programs, risk management programs, disaster relief programs, loan programs, crop insurance, livestock support. Surveys to support the Indian market, which ranks second in the world in raw milk production (9.5%), have shown that almost 80% of small-scale farmers are small-scale farmers. Milk collection is carried out by 130 thousand dairy cooperatives. NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) under DEDS, provides for subsidies of up to 25% of costs. China is investing heavily in the construction of large dairy farms and livestock complexes with up to 100,000 cows. The Australian market produces 9.3 million tonnes of milk, of which 36% is exported and is the world's fourth exporter of dairy products (6% of the world market). Australia's dairy cattle are characterized by a small amount of direct government support. During 2015-2016, agriculture received financial and commercial assistance over $ 147 million. US in the form of payments to farms. It has been established that price forecasting plays an important role in regulating the milk market in Australia, on the basis of which the profile Ministry, taking into account world prices, generates milk price indices. Analysis of milk production in Switzerland has shown that it remains highly subsidized. In 2013, state support for milk producers amounted to CHF 1.8 billion, incl. direct subsidies are estimated at 1.5 billion Swiss francs, which is 61 thousand Swiss francs per dairy farm, or 0.41 Swiss francs per 1 liter of milk. The state support system for dairy cattle in Canada has been found to include the following instruments: import tariffs that restrict dairy imports; minimum guaranteed prices for raw milk that are set at the maximum amount of milk sold to the dairies within the quota; a system of direct payments to farmers for milk production within the quota. The amount of direct payments per 1 liter of milk is set annually by the government. In order to support Canadian producers in technological modernization aimed at improving the efficiency of milk production, a dairy farm investment program (DFIP) is implemented with state support of $ 250 million. USA According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Iceland, Japan, Norway and Switzerland, the level of support for dairy producers exceeds on average 70% of the gross income of farmers, in Canada, the EU, Hungary, Korea and the USA the amount of support is 40-55%. An analysis of the support for the development of dairy cattle in the EU countries showed that the following instruments are allocated for these purposes: production restrictions (milk production quotas); government interventions and storage; Establishment of product sales regulations / regulations; the dairy package (including regulating contractual relations in the dairy sector); foreign trade (import regulations, export subsidies); government subsidies. It is found that the main factor that increases the profitability of dairy production in developed countries is the improvement of quality and differentiation of the range. Major factors contributing to the successful development of dairy cattle are increased government support and economical use of resources. Also used are a set of financial incentives, including reducing the tax burden. Key words: Livestock, milk market, domestic support, development programs, cooperation, financial incentives, subsidies, import tariffs, quotas.
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Nathie, Mahmood. "Are Australian Islamic schools elitist?" Journal for Multicultural Education 15, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 184–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-07-2020-0069.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine whether Australian Islamic schools, by dint of their unique status within Australian private schooling, may be construed as elitist or exclusivist premised on markers such as religious affiliation, school age, history, location, reputation and non-curricular excellences such as affluence and alumni. This issue has not been examined empirically hitherto. This study addresses this absence, as these markers, when used selectively, may make student entry restrictive by virtue of enrolment criteria that is either hyper selective or exclusivist that is often administered through costly tuition fees. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative analysis is used to examine four distinct elitist markers associated with Islamic schools, as they appeal to a market prescribed by faith, preference and demand. Data is sourced from selected government and independent school databases including the index of community socio-educational advantage (ICSEA) database. Findings The findings indicate that Islamic schools do not fit any of these markers partly because these schools are positioned predominantly in middle to lower socio-economic communities and areas where the measure of educationally advantaged backgrounds is only marginally above the ICSEA threshold of 1,000. Further, their enrolment criteria are not premised on high fee-based structures nor on exclusivist selection and enrolment practices that would tag them as elitist. Research limitations/implications It is quite possible that parental and community perceptions of Islamic schools using qualitative measures may identify some schools as elitist. This, however, has yet to be tested empirically in further studies relying on surveys, interviews and focus group sessions. Practical implications Islamic schools should not market nor portray themselves as elitist or exclusivist for that may undermine the very purpose of their function as faith-based institutions. Social implications Perceptions of elitism levelled against some Islamic schools must be weighed against a number of distinct social markers. The examination of four markers in this study does not support such perceptions. Elitist perceptions may abound within communities and amongst parents when vying for student placements in these schools. The basis for such observations, however, is at best anecdotal or outright conjectural in the absence of empirical evidence. Originality/value This is the first and only study that examines the issue of elitism amongst Islamic schools in Australia and elsewhere.
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Karki, Lila B., Uma Karki, and Srinivasa R. Mentreddy. "125 Possibility of Shifting Domestic Supply Curve for Lamb and Goat Meat: The Case of Market Price Information in the Southeast USA." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.009.
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Abstract The United States imported $1.01 billion in lamb and goat meat in 2018, which was 5.94% higher than in 2017. However, local sheep and goat farmers are facing challenges for getting fair prices for their animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the market price of lamb and goat meat in the Southeast United States. The surveys were introduced to 15 cities of Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, and Tennessee. The price for lamb and goat meat was collected for three years (2017–2019). Of the 360 price observations (n = 360) collected from these cities, 290 were for lamb and 70 for goat meat. The price consisted of 27 and 12 different types of lamb and goat meat, respectively, from the selected retail and ethnic stores. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics. The mean price for lamb ranged from $50.58/kg for rack lamb to $10.98/kg for stew bone. Similarly, the most expensive goat meat type was leg stew ($26.38/kg), followed by the whole goat leg ($24.18/kg), and the regular meat was the least expensive ($10.32/kg). The mean price of lamb and goat meat varied as per the type of meat in each state and city. The majority of stores predominantly sold imported lamb and goat meat from Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Mexico, China, and Uruguay. The study revealed that the different types of lamb and goat meatare selling for good prices, thereby indicating a promising market for the domestic lamb and goat meat in the Southeast.
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Bennett, K. J., and M. R. Bussell. "DEMETER HIGH RESOLUTION 3D SEISMIC SURVEY—REVITALISED DEVELOPMENT AND EXPLORATION ON THE NORTH WEST SHELF, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 46, no. 1 (2006): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj05007.
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The newly acquired 3,590 km2 Demeter 3D high resolution seismic survey covers most of the North West Shelf Venture (NWSV) area; a prolific hydrocarbon province with ultimate recoverable reserves of greater than 30 Tcf gas and 1.5 billion bbls of oil and natural gas liquids. The exploration and development of this area has evolved in parallel with the advent of new technologies, maturing into the present phase of revitalised development and exploration based on the Demeter 3D.The NWSV is entering a period of growing gas market demand and infrastructure expansion, combined with a more diverse and mature supply portfolio of offshore fields. A sequence of satellite fields will require optimised development over the next 5–10 years, with a large number of wells to be drilled.The NWSV area is acknowledged to be a complex seismic environment that, until recently, was imaged by a patchwork of eight vintage (1981–98) 3D seismic surveys, each acquired with different parameters. With most of the clearly defined structural highs drilled, exploration success in recent years has been modest. This is due primarily to severe seismic multiple contamination masking the more subtle and deeper exploration prospects. The poor quality and low resolution of vintage seismic data has also impeded reservoir characterisation and sub-surface modelling. These sub-surface uncertainties, together with the large planned expenditure associated with forthcoming development, justified the need for the Demeter leading edge 3D seismic acquisition and processing techniques to underpin field development planning and reserves evaluations.The objective of the Demeter 3D survey was to re-image the NWSV area with a single acquisition and processing sequence to reduce multiple contamination and improve imaging of intra-reservoir architecture. Single source (133 nominal fold), shallow solid streamer acquisition combined with five stages of demultiple and detailed velocity analysis are considered key components of Demeter.The final Demeter volumes were delivered early 2005 and already some benefits of the higher resolution data have been realised, exemplified in the following:Successful drilling of development wells on the Wanaea, Lambert and Hermes oil fields and identification of further opportunities on Wanaea-Cossack and Lambert- Hermes;Dramatic improvements in seismic data quality observed at the giant Perseus gas field helping define seven development well locations;Considerably improved definition of fluvial channel architecture in the south of the Goodwyn gas field allowing for improved well placement and understanding of reservoir distribution;Identification of new exploration prospects and reevaluation of the existing prospect portfolio. Although the Demeter data set has given significant bandwidth needed for this revitalised phase of exploration and development, there remain areas that still suffer from poor seismic imaging, providing challenges for the future application of new technologies.
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Bell, A. K., and C. J. Allan. "PROGRAZE - an extension package in grazing and pasture management." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 2 (2000): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98017.
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Grazing management decisions by beef cattle and sheep producers in south-eastern Australia have tended to be influenced more by the needs of livestock, often with little consideration given to the possible short- or long-term production impacts that the duration or intensity of grazing may have on pastures. This is partially due to inadequate knowledge of these impacts on some pasture types. Grazing decisions relating principally to livestock tend to be based on a subjective appraisal of liveweight change and pasture assessments often with inadequate understanding of critical pasture characteristics influencing livestock production or the ability to assess these characteristics. PROGRAZE is an extension package developed to assist beef cattle and sheep producers improve the quality of grazing management decision making so they more efficiently and effectively achieve their production and market targets for livestock and livestock products while maintaining or improving the productivity and sustainability of their pastures. To measure knowledge change, PROGRAZE participants were surveyed before they commenced the course and again at its conclusion. To measure on-farm adoption of the skills and knowledge contained within PROGRAZE, participants were again surveyed about 12 months after completing the course. Five focus groups were conducted as a means of obtaining direct feedback from a range of participants on issues not adequately addressed through the surveys. The surveys showed the most significant area in knowledge change by participants was associated with pasture quality and the influence of pasture characteristics on pasture intake and livestock prodution. There was strong evidence of practice change by participants particularly, grazing decisions associated with pasture management. When asked whether participation in PROGRAZE had resulted in increased financial returns from their grazing enterprise, 89% replied it had and 91% indicated participation would lead to more sustainable pastures. The overall response to PROGRAZE was positive with 59% of those producers who replied to the survey indicating it exceeded or completely met their expectations and another 36% stating that it had mostly met expectations. Ninety-nine percent of respondents indicated that they would recommend PROGRAZE to fellow producers.
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Sultan, Parves, Ho Yin Wong, and Marianna Sigala. "Segmenting the Australian organic food consumer market." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 30, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-10-2016-0211.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to segment the Australian organic food consumer market. Design/methodology/approach A nationwide online survey was conducted for collecting data about the Australian organic food consumer market. Various statistical techniques were used for analyzing the data and identifying market segments. Findings The key market segmentation variables that significantly characterize the Australian organic food consumer market include age, income, education, metro/city-vs-rural/region, purchase frequency, weekly expenditure, consumption period, retail outlets, perceived values, self-image, and perceptions about organic foods. Originality/value Australia, like many other countries, is an emerging market for the organically produced and marketed food products. The current review unfolds the fact that there are limited studies in market segmentation, and no study in the Australian context, in particular. The current paper contributes to the organic food market segmentation literature and provides several implications for market segmentation strategy.
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Green, Wendy, Stuart Taylor, and Jennifer Wu. "Determinants of greenhouse gas assurance provider choice." Meditari Accountancy Research 25, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 114–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-08-2016-0072.
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Purpose This paper surveys corporate officers responsible for greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting and assurance to determine the attributes that influence their choice between an accounting and a non-accounting GHG assurance provider. Differences in the relative importance of these attributes between those selecting accounting and non-accounting assurers are also explored. Design/methodology/approach A survey questionnaire was completed by 25 corporate officers responsible for reporting and voluntarily assurance of GHG emissions in Australia. The questionnaire asked the respondents to indicate the relative importance of 41 company and assurer attributes in influencing their assurance provider choice. Findings Results indicate that attributes related to the assurance provider, such as team and team leader assurance knowledge, reputation, objectivity and independence, are more influential than attributes related to the nature of the company or the nature of the GHG emissions. Attributes such as geographical dispersion of operations were found to be differently important to this decision between companies purchasing assurance from accounting and non-accounting firms. Research limitations/implications The study’s main limitation is the small number of participants. Future research may extend this study by exploring the conditions under which companies voluntarily assure GHG emissions as well the motivations of responsible officers in their assurer choice. Practical implications This paper provides valuable insights to GHG assurers to assist their understanding of the attributes that are important to potential GHG assurance clients. Originality/value The study makes unique contributions to the assurer choice literature by not only addressing this issue in the context of the dichotomous GHG assurance market but also by addressing it from the perspective of the assurance purchaser.
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Steel, Rona, and Tri Bui. "Contemporary Australian priming constituents for adult perfusion centres: a survey." Perfusion 35, no. 8 (March 9, 2020): 778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659120906043.
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Aim: Evidence for the ideal/best practice priming solution remains meagre and largely historical. The aim of this survey was to determine the constituents of contemporary priming solutions in adult open-heart centres across Australia. This would provide insight on the level of variation within current Australian priming practices and inform perfusionists of how their current priming methods compare to the spectrum of Australian practice. Method: A total of 15 survey questions covering various aspects of priming constituents were sent via email to perfusionists in all 63 adult open-heart centres across Australia. Results: This prime survey received a 100% response rate across Australia. All units prime with a balanced physiological solution, 73% of units prime with Plasma-Lyte 148 and 19% with Hartmann’s solution. No synthetic colloids are used for priming in Australia. Up to 6,520 (30%) cases per annum receive heparin as the only additive to their prime base solution. All other cases had various combinations of sodium bicarbonate, mannitol and albumin added for a variety of recorded reasons. Conclusion: Contemporary Australian priming practices show a marked level of conformity between units. Variation exists in the rationale for adding sodium bicarbonate, mannitol and albumin. Further investigations into the clinical effects of these additives are required to determine if the rationale for their addition is historical or judicious in this contemporary era of low prime volumes, physiological base solutions and coated bypass circuits.
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McDonnell, Anthony, Brendan Boyle, Timothy Bartram, Pauline Stanton, and John Burgess. "Similarity or Variation? Employee Representation and Consultation Approaches amongst Liberal Market Economy Multinationals." Articles 70, no. 4 (January 28, 2016): 645–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034898ar.
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This paper engages with the varieties of capitalism literature to investigate the employee representation and consultation approaches of liberal market economy multinational companies (MNCs), specifically Australian, British and US MNCs operating in Australia. While the literature would suggest commonality amongst these MNCs, the paper considers whether the evidence points to similarity or variation amongst liberal market headquartered MNCs. The findings contribute to filling a recognized empirical gap on MNC employment relations practice in Australia and to a better understanding of within category varieties of capitalism similarity and variation. Drawing on survey data from MNCs operating in Australia, the results demonstrated that UK-owned MNCs were the least likely to report collective structures of employee representation. Moreover, it was found that Australian MNCs were the most likely to engage in collective forms of employee representation and made less use of direct consultative mechanisms relative to their British and US counterparts. In spite of the concerted individualization of the employment relations domain over previous decades, Australian MNCs appear to have upheld more long-standing national institutional arrangements with respect to engaging with employees on a collective basis. This varies from British and US MNC approaches which denotes that our results display within category deviation in the variety of capitalism liberal market economy typology. Just as Hall and Soskice described their seminal work on liberal market economy (LME) and coordinated market economy (CME) categories as a “work-in-progress” (2001: 2), we too suggest that Australia’s evolution in the LME category, and more specifically its industrial relations system development, and the consequences for employment relations practices of its domestic MNCs, may be a work-in-progress.
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Warren-Myers, Georgia. "Sustainability evolution in the Australian property market." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 34, no. 6 (September 5, 2016): 578–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-04-2016-0025.
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Purpose The relationship between sustainability and value in property has been a major area of investigation over the past decade. However, in spite of the extant literature and research, the connections made by valuers in practice of the value relationship are still unresolved. The purpose of this paper is to investigate, in the Australian context, valuers’ perception of the relationship between sustainability and value; and their experience and knowledge of sustainability in valuation practice. Design/methodology/approach The research investigates valuers’ perception and knowledge of sustainability and its inclusion in valuation practice in Australia. The approach uses a longitudinal survey of valuers from 2007 to 2015 tracking valuers’ knowledge, understanding, inclusion of sustainability reporting and the perceptions of the relationship between sustainability and market value. Findings This paper presents findings from a longitudinal survey that has been conducted in Australia since 2007, identifying changes between 2007, the height of the property market and sustainability engagement prior to the global financial crisis, and the subsequent years to 2015. The growth of sustainability in the property market is significant, however, valuers’ knowledge and reporting on sustainability is not demonstrating the same level of development. As a result, this is inhibiting valuers reporting on sustainability and has implications for practice and treatment of market values. Practical implications This research highlights the need to examine how to assist valuers to more rapidly develop knowledge and experience to reflect the implications of change in practice. Current approaches being developed in the UK and Europe, like the introduction of RenoValue professional development programs and guidance documents, to assist valuers to develop their knowledge needs to be implemented in the Australian environment as current approaches are inadequate, and steps need to be taken in order to assist their development of knowledge and experience as the market demonstrates growth and acceptance of sustainability. This research identifies the need to re-examine how professional development is undertaken and knowledge developed by those practicing in the profession in Australia. Originality/value This longitudinal survey is the only research that has spanned a substantial period of time attempting to ascertain valuers’ perception of the relationship between sustainability and value; and attempts to track the knowledge development of valuers in the context of sustainability. The findings identify how the market is developing and adhering to a product model development theory, however, also identifies more fundamental issues and implications for valuation praxis, in the development of knowledge and ability of valuers to adapt to change and reflect these valuations.
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Burvill, P. W. "A Survey of the Distribution of Psychiatrists in Australia and New Zealand in 1987." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 22, no. 4 (December 1988): 436–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678809161354.
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A survey is described of the number and distribution of all psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in Australia and in New Zealand in 1987, with estimates of available psychiatrists over the next decade. Australia as a whole is not short of psychiatrists or of trainee psychiatrists, but has a marked maldistribution between States and between city and rural areas which needs to be seriously addressed. In 1987 the ratio of psychiatrists to population in Australia was 1: 11 290 and in New Zealand 1: 21 440. It is estimated that by 1997 the corresponding ratios will be 1: 9 130 and 1: 12 440. There were 549 trainee psychiatrists in Australia and 103 in New Zealand. Relativity of human resources needs are emphasised. Those Australian States with the highest ratio of psychiatrists to population also have the highest ratio of trainees to population, a fact which has obvious implications.
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Deng, Hepu, Sophia Xiaoxia Duan, and Feng Luo. "Critical determinants for electronic market adoption." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 33, no. 2 (November 13, 2019): 335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-04-2019-0106.
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Purpose Understanding the critical determinants for the adoption of electronic markets (e-markets) is significant for the development of sustainable electronic business. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the critical determinants for the adoption of e-markets in Australian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for electronic business. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive review of the related studies is conducted. That leads to the development of a conceptual model for exploring the critical determinants for the adoption of e-markets in Australian SMEs. Such a model is then tested and validated using structural equation modelling on the survey data collected, leading to the identification of the critical determinants for e-market adoption in Australian SMEs. Findings The study reveals that perceived direct benefit, perceived trust, top management support and external pressures are critical for the adoption of e-markets in Australian SMEs. Perceived indirect benefit and organization readiness are insignificant for the adoption of e-markets. Originality/value This paper contributes to existing electronic business research by enriching the understanding of the critical determinants for the adoption of e-markets in Australian SMEs. Such a study provides government departments, e-market operators and SMEs with practical guidelines for the better use of e-markets in electronic business.
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Maani, S. A. "Are Young First and Second Generation Immigrants at a Disadvantage in the Australian Labor Market?" International Migration Review 28, no. 4 (December 1994): 865–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839402800411.
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This paper examines the assimilation hypothesis for young adult first-and second-generation immigrants in Australia. Models of the total weeks of unemployment and the number of spells of unemployment are examined as indicators of relative labor market conditions. The study differs from earlier work by focusing on young first- and second-generation immigrants and by utilizing information over four consecutive years of the Australian Longitudinal Survey (ALS) data, a comprehensive data set compiled for 1985–1988. The results consistently indicate that even when controlling for qualifications, both first- and second-generation immigrants are at a disadvantage. The results, however, support the hypothesis of declining disadvantage, as second-generation immigrants and those with more years in Australia had significantly more favorable conditions than recent immigrants both overall and within country of origin groups.
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Deeming, Christopher. "Classed attitudes and social reform in cross-national perspective: a quantitative analysis using four waves from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP)." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 162–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783316632605.
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This article attempts to forge new links between social attitudes and social policy change in Australia. Drawing on four survey waves of international social survey data and using multivariable regression analysis, this article sheds new light on the determinants of Australian attitudes towards the welfare state in a comparative perspective. It examines their variations across time and social groupings and then compares Australian welfare attitudes with those found in other leading western economies. While there is popular support for government actions to protect Australian citizens in old age and sickness, views about social protection and labour market policy for the working-age population are divided. The comparative analysis and the focus on class-attitude linkages allows for further critical reflection on the nature of social relations and recent social reforms enacted by the Liberal-National coalition government.
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Bahfen, Nasya. "1950s vibe, 21st century audience: Australia’s dearth of on-screen diversity." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 25, no. 1&2 (July 31, 2019): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v25i1and2.479.
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The difference between how multicultural Australia is ‘in real life’ and ‘in broadcasting’ can be seen through data from the Census, and from Screen Australia’s most recent research into on screen diversity. In 2016, these sources of data coincided with the Census, which takes place every five years. Conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, this presents a ‘snapshot’ of Australian life. From the newest Census figures in 2016, it appears that nearly half of the population in Australia (49 percent) had either been born overseas (identifying as first generation Australian) or had one or both parents born overseas (identifying as second generation Australian). Nearly a third, or 32 percent, of Australians identified as having come from non-Anglo Celtic backgrounds, and 2.8 percent of Australians identify as Indigenous (Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander). Nearly a fifth, or 18 percent, of Australians identify as having a disability. Screen Australia is the government agency that oversees film and TV funding and research. Conducted in 2016, Screen Australia’s study looked at 199 television dramas (fiction, excluding animation) that aired between 2011 and 2015. The comparison between these two sources of data reveals that with one exception, there is a marked disparity between diversity as depicted in the lived experiences of Australians and recorded by the Census, and diversity as depicted on screen and recorded by the Screen Australia survey.
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Bortolussi, G., J. G. McIvor, J. J. Hodgkinson, S. G. Coffey, and C. R. Holmes. "The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 1. Regional enterprise activity and structure." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 9 (2005): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03096.
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During 1996 and 1997, a survey examined the business activities of 375 selected northern Australian beef producers during the 1991 and 1992 to 1995 and 1996 financial years. The producers represented a broad cross-section of the northern beef industry in terms of geographical location, size of enterprise and herd, and ownership structures. The survey examined the enterprise structures and herd productivity of the participating properties. A diverse range of production activities were carried out with breeding and finishing, of which breeding stores and live cattle export being the most common activities. About 50% of the survey properties were run in conjunction with another property, both of which tended to be located in the same survey region. The additional properties served various purposes, depending on their location. There was evidence of specialist roles for the additional properties. The purchase of store cattle tended to be an opportunistic activity with younger cattle (<2 years old) being most preferred. Survey properties tended to target a range of markets; Northern Territory and northern Western Australian properties being the most likely to target a single market (live export). Aspiring to supply the slaughter markets was of greatest interest to Queensland beef producers. Aspiring to supply the USA manufacturing beef market was lowest where interest in live export was greatest. During the survey period, the USA manufacturing beef market, store and live cattle export markets were important outlets for cattle. Many herd and pasture-related improvements were planned to boost profitability in the 5 years post-survey (1997–2002). Increasing turn-off weight and branding rate, and decreasing turn-off age were of greatest interest to surveyed beef producers. Pasture improvement and improving pasture management also rated highly. The survey data indicated that the female genotype of the northern Australian herd had changed significantly over a 10- and 30-year period, with Bos indicus, Bos indicus cross and Taurindicus breeds being the most commonly reported breeds. The bull breeds present in regional herds suggest crossbreeding is occurring in conjunction with pure breeding. Most herds had more than 1 bull and female breed. Regional patterns were also found to exist for female and bull breeds with Bos indicus being common in herds in the northern parts of the survey area and Taurindicus breeds popular in southern herds. The results of this survey are discussed in relation to future developments in the northern Australian beef industry.
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Franklin, Adrian. "Human-Nonhuman Animal Relationships in Australia: An Overview of Results from the First National Survey and Follow-up Case Studies 2000-2004." Society & Animals 15, no. 1 (2007): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853007x169315.
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AbstractThis paper provides an overview of results from an Australian Research Council-funded project "Sentiments and Risks: The Changing Nature of Human-Animal Relations in Australia." The data discussed come from a survey of 2000 representative Australians at the capital city, state, and rural regional level. It provides both a snapshot of the state of involvement of Australians with nonhuman animals and their views on critical issues: ethics, rights, animals as food, risk from animals, native versus introduced animals, hunting, fishing, and companionate relations with animals. Its data point to key trends and change. The changing position of animals in Australian society is critical to understand, given its historic export markets in meat and livestock, emerging tourism industry with its strong wildlife focus, native animals' place in discourses of nation, and the centrality of animal foods in the national diet. New anxieties about risk from animal-sourced foods and the endangerment of native animals from development and introduced species, together with tensions between animals' rights and the privileging of native species, contribute to the growth of a strongly contested animal politics in Australia.
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Sharrad, Paul. "Interpodes: Poland, Tom Keneally and Australian Literary History." Text Matters, no. 2 (December 4, 2012): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10231-012-0062-7.
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This article is framed by a wider interest in how literary careers are made: what mechanisms other than the personal/biographical and the text-centred evaluations of scholars influence a writer’s choices in persisting in building a succession of works that are both varied and yet form a consistently recognizable “brand.” Translation is one element in the wider network of “machinery” that makes modern literary publishing. It is a marker of success that might well keep authors going despite lack of sales or negative reviews at home. Translation rights can provide useful supplementary funds to sustain a writer’s output. Access to new markets overseas might also inspire interest in countries and topics other than their usual focus or the demands of their home market. The Australian novelist and playwright Thomas Keneally achieved a critical regard for fictions of Australian history within a nationalist cultural resurgence, but to make a living as a writer he had to keep one eye on overseas markets as well. While his work on European topics has not always been celebrated at home, he has continued to write about them and to find readers in languages other than English. Poland features in a number of Keneally’s books and is one of the leading sources of translation for his work. The article explores possible causes and effects around this fact, and surveys some reader responses from Poland. It notes the connections that Keneally’s Catholic background and activist sympathies allow to modern Polish history and assesses the central place of his Booker-winning Schindler’s Ark filmed as Schindler’s List.
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Bo Liu, Hong, Breda McCarthy, Tingzhen Chen, Shu Guo, and Xuguang Song. "The Chinese wine market: a market segmentation study." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 26, no. 3 (June 3, 2014): 450–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-07-2013-0089.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the Chinese wine market can be meaningfully segmented and to explore marketing implications for the Australian wine sector. Design/methodology/approach – The research is descriptive in nature, using an online survey to collect quantitative data on wine consumer behaviour. A total of 407 responses were obtained. Data analysis included descriptive analysis (frequency distributions) and cluster analysis. Findings – The research identifies three clusters of wine consumers: “the extrinsic attribute-seeking customers”, “the intrinsic attribute-seeking customers” and “the alcohol level attribute-seeking customers”. These groups of consumers were categorised using a behavioural (benefit) segmentation base. Research limitations/implications – The use of an internet survey and convenience sample limits generalisation of the findings. The adoption of a behavioural basis in conducting the segmentation is a limitation. The use of more complex segmentation bases, such as psychographics, may yield a richer understanding of the Chinese wine consumer in future studies. Practical implications – The customer profiles provide Australian wine marketers with an insight into Chinese wine consumer behaviour. Brand positioning can be improved by ensuring that the brand emphasises certain product attributes which the segments value when choosing wine. Originality/value – Little previous research on market segmentation has been conducted in mainland China. For Australian wine marketers, this study provides a baseline study into market segmentation and may assist with targeting and brand positioning decisions.
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Kidd, Michael P., and Michael Shannon. "The Gender Wage Gap: A Comparison of Australia and Canada." ILR Review 49, no. 4 (July 1996): 729–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900409.
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Using data from the 1989 Canadian Labour Market Activity Survey and, for Australia, the 1989–90 Income Distribution Survey, the authors investigate the reasons for the significantly lower gender wage gap in Australia than in Canada. Key similarities and differences between these two countries, the authors argue, make them a good basis for a “natural experiment” to investigate the effects of different labor market institutions. In particular, Australia has a stronger union movement and a greater degree of centralization in wage determination than Canada, and most of its workers are covered by legally binding minimum working conditions. The authors conclude that several differences between the countries in labor market structure—notably, a lower rate of return to education, a lower rate of return to labor market experience, and a lower level of wage inequality in Australia than in Canada—are largely responsible for the smaller gender wage gap in Australia.
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Burgess, R. W., and J. A. Crowhurst. "Acid Aspiration Prophylaxis in Australian Obstetric Hospitals — A Survey." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 17, no. 4 (November 1989): 492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x8901700417.
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During 1987 a confidential survey of all hospitals in Australia providing obstetric services was undertaken to determine the antacid medications used routinely as prophylaxis against acid aspiration pneumonitis. Of the 567 hospitals surveyed, 379 (67%) responded. Of these, 243 hospitals provide an obstetric service which includes caesarean section, and 67% of these perform less than 500 deliveries per annum. Aspiration prophylaxis during labour was used in 22.4% of responding hospitals. Prior to elective caesarean section, 11.5% used no prophylaxis, and 39.4% used particulate antacids such as magnesium trisilicate mixture (33.3%) or Mylanta® (6.1%). Sodium citrate mixture was the most popular therapy (37%). Results were similar in the emergency caesarean section group. The use of cimetidine or ranitidine was uncommon in all groups. Results of this survey suggest marked differences in attitudes towards acid aspiration prophylaxis between Australian and British obstetric anaesthetic practices.
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Dow, Douglas. "The Adaptation of Host Market Positioning Strategies: Empirical Evidence on Australian Exporters." Journal of International Marketing 9, no. 3 (September 2001): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.9.3.41.19923.
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The author explores how and why the content of an exporter's host market positioning strategy differs from the content of its home market strategy. The research is significant for two reasons: (1) It uses a more comprehensive and rigorous definition and measurement of firm strategy than previous adaptation research, and (2) it systematically measures the magnitude and direction of the adaptation. Previous research has concentrated only on the need to adapt. This approach opens up an entirely new debate about what patterns of adaptation should be expected. The author uses a large-scale survey of Australian exporters to test the emerging hypotheses, which are strongly supported. Domestically based Australian exporters tend to have a narrower focus and rely more heavily on operations-based differentiation in foreign markets.
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Baillie, P. W., and E. Jacobson. "STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE CARNARVON TERRACE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 35, no. 1 (1995): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj94020.
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The under-explored Carnarvon Terrace is situated offshore of the Cape Range area in the Carnarvon Basin near the boundary of the Gascoyne and Exmouth Sub-basins. The stratigraphy of the area is controlled by only two wells (Pendock-1, Yardie East-1), but several onshore wells aid interpretation of seismic data.Understanding of the structural evolution of the region is facilitated by interpretation of a high-resolution non-exclusive seismic survey acquired by Geco-Prakla in 1993 (GPCTR-93 Survey).Three major tectonic stages are responsible for the structural configuration of the region:Late Palaeozoic extension in the Gascoyne Sub-basin;continental break-up between Australia and Greater India which took place along a major fracture marked by the Flinders-Long Island-Learmonth fault system active in Late Triassic and Early Jurassic times; andthe collision between Australia and Asia that commenced in Miocene times and is continuing to the present day. This event, marked by wrench and compressional structures, and often reactivation of older structures, is one of the most economically important in Australian geological history.From a regional prospectivity viewpoint at least three plays are worthy of further investigation.
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Kennedy, David. "Australian Video Viewing Survey." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 9, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n1.394.
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In late 2020, Venture Insights conducted a video consumer survey of 1,003 Australian households. This paper provides an overview of the results. A television set remains the most common device for watching video, but a substantial majority of households also watch video on PCs, tablets and smartphones. Internet-connected TVs are now common. Only 24% of households currently have a 4K or better TV, but 44% of households anticipate buying a 4K TV set over the next three years. More than half of households do not subscribe to a pay-TV service. Of those which do, two-thirds have Foxtel. Netflix remains dominant in the Australian subscription video market, while its main competitors are each subscribed to by about one-fifth of households. Most survey respondents expect their video consumption to remain stable across all formats over the next year.
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Scott, John G., Jodie Grigg, Monica Barratt, and Simon Lenton. "Social capital and cannabis supply." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 2 (February 3, 2017): 382–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783316688342.
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The distribution of cannabis in Australia is examined with reference to motivations for supplying drugs. We argue that the distribution of cannabis in Australia is best understood with reference to the concept of social supply, where a supplier, not considered to be a ‘drug dealer proper’, brokers, facilitates or sells drugs, for little or no financial gain to friends and acquaintances. The article draws on data from surveys and interviews with 200 young Australian cannabis users, almost all of whom had also supplied cannabis at some point in their lifetime. We further theorise the concept of social supply with reference to social capital. We argue that a sociological understanding of drug distribution should focus on drug communities, as opposed to markets, describing the features of social organisation that exist between people within social networks and related implications that such features might have in terms of social harm and well-being.
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Barton, Peter J. M., Andrew A. Beveridge, and Kay M. Jones. "Preparation for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Medical Schools in Australia: A Survey of Current Practice." ISRN Critical Care 2013 (March 27, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/789601.
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Introduction. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is acknowledged worldwide as a stressful clinical activity for all young doctors. The extent of standardisation of preparation for CPR within Australian curricula is unknown. Recent trends in the UK suggest the emergence of a common endpoint, Immediate Life Support (ILS) certification. The support for a similar shared endpoint in Australia is unknown. Methodology. A telephone questionnaire survey about the preparation for teaching CPR to medical students was undertaken in all Australian medical schools in early 2012; 88% of schools replied. Results. The majority favoured early basic CPR training. There was marked variation in how schools taught advanced CPR and how CPR competence was assessed. Only one school considered their graduates to be less than well prepared for CPR and all schools agreed that a common endpoint was desirable. Discussion. There is broad support for Immediate Life Support as a common end in resuscitation competence. Medical schools where students are prepared for a rural placement on graduation may still require a higher standard of competence.
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Miles, Morgan P., Martie-Louise Verreynne, Andrew McAuley, and Kevin Hammond. "Exploring public universities as social enterprises." International Journal of Educational Management 31, no. 3 (April 10, 2017): 404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-07-2015-0097.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how universities attempt to balance meeting their traditional mission of education, research and community engagement while remaining economically sustainable. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted in 2014 of university executives and found that universities in Australia are rapidly transitioning from public supported institutions to an organizational form much more like social enterprise, with all of the organizational, marketing and ethical ramifications. Findings Australian universities were found to be focused on maintaining financial viability and that the most significant source of future revenue for Australian universities is perceived to be from international students. Originality/value The findings have tremendous public policy and ethical implications – suggesting a shift in the classification of university education from what was generally considered a public good to what is increasingly perceived as a private good in the contemporary market place, with the increasing importance of international students.