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Guimarães, Alexandre Velloso. "When Knowledge Management Drives a Strategic Transformation Project." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 3, no. 4 (October 2011): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jskd.2011100103.
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This article introduces and explores the case of a Brazilian Air Force Organisation, the Aeronautical Economy and Finance Secretariat, which based on different findings provided by knowledge management (KM) research, started a broad strategic transformation process to address KM specific issues while improving organisational performance. The case description is complemented by theory regarding strategic management applied to public organisations to underpin the perception that, for such organisations, not driven by market variables, KM may exert a positive influence as a trigger to strategic changes rather than other performance related aspects.
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Percy, William, and Kevin Dow. "The Coaching Black Box: Risk Mitigation during Change Management." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14080344.
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A case study of strategic renewal in the Chinese education market, this paper explores a non-directive coaching model and its impact on risk mitigation, knowledge exchange and innovation in strategic renewal through the application of multi-tiered coaching and manager coaches. Through an ethnographic action research methodology, we ask “Can coaching mitigate organisational risk and increase the likelihood of positive outcomes in change management?” and “Can managers, acting as internal coaches, increase knowledge socialisation and mitigate risk in the change management process?” The paper finds that there is no inherent failure rate in the change management process and that a strategic management approach can mitigate risk liberating managers and organisations to seek to create the collaborative environments that support organisational learning and strategic renewal, thus moving beyond a narrative of failure to one of strategic empowerment and a strategic management approach to risk mitigation. We conclude that a data-driven approach to organisational learning and Professional Learning Communities helps teams to ask the right questions and to mitigate risk through better aligning the organisation to its strategic reality, exploiting organisational learning to achieve competitive advantage and ensuring that systems and processes continue to match the emerging strategic reality.
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Lehndorff, Steffen. "The governance of service work - changes in work organisation and new challenges for service-sector trade unions." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 8, no. 3 (August 2002): 415–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890200800307.
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The paper describes the diversity and unity of work organisation in service activities. It distinguishes a trend to ‘service-sector Taylorism’ from a contrasting tendency of ‘professional autonomy', alongside the joint core described by the notion of ‘market-based governance’ of service work, which confronts the individual (service) worker with internalised markets. The new mode of governance has substantial impacts on working conditions. The concluding section discusses the need for a public debate on the shortcomings of service work organisation primarily driven by market forces. Market failures, such as labour shortages in social service activities, should be identified and confronted with a new basic assessment of the value of services and in particular social services. Trade unions may contribute to this debate by developing their own paradigms of good service work.
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Edwards, A. G. "OUTSOURCING—A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE." APPEA Journal 37, no. 1 (1997): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj96036.
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The global business community is experiencing a massive shift towards adoption of outsourced 'back office' transaction services.Called 'strategic outsourcing', it is driven by the desire of global companies to focus on core activities, and to outsource non-core business processes to specialist global service organisations. It is a significant new market for these organisations, expected to be worth US$40 billion globally, by the year 2000.While cost reduction is a major benefit, the outsource service provider offers value-added service by its ability to re-engineer business processes to world best practice, its ability to rapidly transition the client organisation to new technology, and by extracting the efficiencies of shared services processing.The global service organisations see strategic outsourcing as a natural evolution of their service offering.Outsourcing extends beyond the cost reduction strategies of their consulting service projects: downsizing organisation structure, re-engineering to introduce world class business processes, and transition management for introduction of new technology.By evolving from these project based assignments, into provision of on-going outsourced transaction services, the service organisations have the opportunity to establish a different strategic relationship with their clients, and add value that a client organisation cannot achieve by itself.Cost savings come from the operational efficiencies of shared services processing, and the lower operational cost achieved by specialising the processing of non-core, 'back-office' transactions, and sharing overheads between several clients.Additional business benefits result from the partnering relationship, which can produce new industry specialist services3 valuable to other clients within the same industry.It is likely that the role of the service organisation will further develop, from the position of strategic outsource business partner, to that of general contractor, where a client selects one major supplier as the single point of contact for all outsourced services. The general contractor becomes responsible for all outsourced outputs, subcontracts the services of all other outsourcing organisations, and remains solely responsible for their service provision.
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Starling, S. W. "CREATING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FROM KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SHARING." APPEA Journal 40, no. 1 (2000): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99038.
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Petroleum companies are being challenged to exploit complex reservoirs, operate in remote regions and employ advanced technology to meet stock market demands for increased shareholder value.However, many companies face these challenges with a diminished pool of experienced staff due to organisation downsizing, outsourcing of activities and the retirement of older employees.To combat this erosion of experience, knowledge management programs that aim to formalise the generation and leverage of expertise and skills are becoming an important means of creating and sustaining competitive advantage.To be effective, these knowledge management programs must be driven by the business needs and bring together people, processes, and technology to focus on how knowledge creates value for the organisation.An important consideration for many organisations is bringing about a cultural change which encourages knowledge management and promotes information sharing. Successful change requires leadership, resources, and appropriate rewards.The case studies presented describe how an Australian production company is planning systems to manage the capture, organisation, and sharing of knowledge, and how a multinational exploration company is implementing technology to facilitate information sharing initiatives to access, analyse, and apply knowledge around the world.
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Birt, M., T. Wallis, and G. Winternitz. "Talent retention in a changing workplace: An investigation of variables considered important to South African talent." South African Journal of Business Management 35, no. 2 (June 30, 2004): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v35i2.654.
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In a workplace characterised by market-driven turnover, organisations attempting to retain those employees considered core to their purpose and continued success (referred to as ‘talent’) face a huge challenge in determining the factors instrumental in minimising turnover amongst this group. This research aimed to identify the variables important to this group of valued employees, with a specific focus on the South African context. In addition, it was aimed to discover the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic variables to South African talent, particularly when these are considered as factors in their decisions to leave the organisation. It was found that South African talent placed great importance on intrinsic variables, although market opportunities were also considered highly significant in employees’ decisions to leave. The variable of ‘Concern with employment equity and affirmative action’ was revealed as a specifically South African variable, but it was not ranked as one of the participants’ top five most important variables influencing retention.
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POTTER, STEPHEN, and ROBIN ROY. "USING SCENARIOS TO IDENTIFY INNOVATION PRIORITIES IN THE UK RAILWAY INDUSTRY." International Journal of Innovation Management 04, no. 02 (June 2000): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919600000081.
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In the face of increasing uncertainty in market, technology and political/social trends, scenarios have come to be used to explore how an organisation could plan for a range of possible futures. This paper outlines four scenarios for the future of UK rail transport up to 2010, developed in the run-up to the privatisation of British Rail in the late 1990s. The scenarios, cost-driven, quality-driven, technology-driven and environment-driven, were produced to identify areas of strategic R&D needed to improve rail's competitiveness in the transport market. Each scenario is illustrated by a typical passenger "journey" and leads to a different set of R&D needs and priorities. The paper concludes with an assessment of the scenarios five years since they were written, in the light of actual developments since UK rail privatisation. This indicates that the focus to date has been on the cost and quality-driven approaches although there may be a shift towards technological and environmental priorities in the next decade.
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Batko, Roman, and Jan Kreft. "The superfluousness of CSR in media organisations." Journal of Organizational Change Management 30, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-09-2015-0172.
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Purpose However, the scale of corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation in Polish media organisations is diversified. The survey, which was conducted among the CEOs of some regional radio broadcast partnerships in Poland, indicates that only one of them has in fact accepted the CSR solutions. The majority of this group think there is no need to implement CSR because they consider it to be a duplication of the public media mission. Considering commercial media, all the biggest TV and radio stations apply CSR. The pressure is manifested by the fact that numerous media organisations – commercial and public ones – have accepted solutions of CSR. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach To verify the hypotheses, a survey was conducted from January to June 2015, in 12 (out of 17) Polish regional radio stations (independent partnerships). The research was of quality character – each media organisation selected for the survey was a separate case study. To collect the required data, two research methods were applied: in-depth interviews with the radio station CEOs (N1-N12); analysis of organisation documents concerning the mission of public organisations. We assumed that an in-depth analysis of a fragment of the empirical material in the form of a case study comes as an element of universal experience, and it reflects the universe (Denzin and Lincoln, 2009). Findings The survey suggests that only one organisation implements CSR standards. Its CEO, however is mainly driven by business reasoning. He considers that “it is an excellent tool to improve the image of the organisation in the advertisement market” and “a good way to present a radio company as a reliable business partner”. Research limitations/implications A critical attitude to CSR in media organisations has a double source: generally, CSR is not adequate to all organisations; CSR multiplies social functions of a media organisation, and a role which it plays in the society. It comes as an immanent feature of the way how a media organisation functions in its basic dimension. As presented above, the attempt to define specific elements, which allow us to analyse the level of “advance” characteristic for a media organisation, drives us to a following conclusion: communication and implementation of the CSR standards seems natural in the context of such activities of media companies as placing orders (relations with business partners, internal policy of employment, etc.), however, it only comes as a confirmation of such expectations from media organisations which are connected with maintenance of journalist standards. Practical implications As the survey of the CEOs of Polish public radio companies suggests, the problem of multiplying social responsibility of media refers, first of all, to public media. Majority of the executives considers CSR as duplication of fulfilling the public mission, and as some superfluous practice in public media. Social implications Considering this situation, it is possible to state that the concept of CSR, first of all, results from the presence of media entities in the market, where they compete mainly for the attention of listeners and advertisers. The consumer-investor dimension of media operations also contributes to the perception of CSR as the operation which is apparently pro-social, however which truly aims at increasing the company value by the improvement of its image as goods and service provider. Originality/value The source of acceptance for public media is a strong belief in social value of honest and competent information reporting and its contextualisation. At the same time, however, a basic deteriorating factor of media legitimisation is their transformation into market-oriented economy. Commodification of media means constant pressure to increase the role of “business” rhetoric and “business” solutions. The pressure is manifested by the fact that numerous media organisations – commercial and public ones – have accepted solutions of CSR.
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Silva, Minelle E., Gustavo Picanço Dias, and Stefan Gold. "Exploring the roles of lead organisations in spreading sustainability standards throughout food supply chains in an emerging economy." International Journal of Logistics Management 32, no. 3 (January 14, 2021): 1030–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-05-2020-0201.
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PurposeThis paper investigates how food supply chains (SCs) introduce sustainability standards (i.e. organic and/or Fair Trade labels). The authors combined the concepts of power and dependence with types of governance mechanisms to analyse for-profit and cooperative organisations. The authors explored nuances of how lead organisations are spreading sustainability standards.Design/methodology/approachFour cashew nut and honey SCs were investigated as case studies in Brazil, with data gathered through 15 interviews, secondary data and field visits. Data were examined through a content analysis process following a combined deductive and inductive approach.FindingsSustainability is spread driven by market pressure, mainly through the diffusion of technical information, either by lead organisations enablers or inter-organisational relations. The authors found that the type and structure of organisations impact the source of power (mediated or non-mediated) and level of mutual dependence between buyer and supplier. For instance, suppliers that hold a strategic position use direct governance mechanisms, which, in turn, lessens the power imbalance in regard to the lead organisation. The authors found in the analysis, a close relation between governance mechanisms and the spread of sustainability, which is ultimately based on strong SC relationships.Practical implicationsBy recognising their role and the contingencies in spreading sustainability standards along the SC, managers of lead organisations can better design their relationships as well as create strategies to increase their supply chain sustainability (SCS) performance.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the underexplored issue of how sustainability standards are spread throughout SCs in Latin America. Also, it shows how different types of SC rely on governance mechanisms that foster SCS.
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Boscheck, Ralf. "Health-Care Cost Containment through Evidence-Based Competition: On the Rebirth of an Old Idea and the Chances for Implementing It Today." World Competition 34, Issue 4 (December 1, 2011): 661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2011052.
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The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) expects market-driven reforms to increase the efficiency of health-care systems particularly if policymakers succeed in aligning incentives for multiple product and service suppliers to guarantee treatment outcome. The health-care reform of the Obama Administration reflects this approach. However, similar to the previous reform initiatives, it will be unable to ensure an efficient supply of necessary care unless performance is clearly defined in terms of treatment outcome. US regulatory initiatives, complementing the health-care bill, could put an end to the recent history of ill-defined market-driven reforms. The challenge is to navigate rather different views on the accessibility and marketability of different levels of outcome data and to coordinate seemingly conflicting regulatory agendas to promote properly constituted health-care markets.
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Zaki, Mohamed. "Digital transformation: harnessing digital technologies for the next generation of services." Journal of Services Marketing 33, no. 4 (August 12, 2019): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-01-2019-0034.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss digital transformation and its four trajectories – digital technology, digital strategy, customer experience and data-driven business models – that could shape the next generation of services. This includes a discussion on whether both the market and organizations are all ready for the digital change and what are the opportunities that will enable firms to create and capture value though new business models. Design/methodology/approach Providing services is a proven and effective way to secure a competitive position, deliver long-term stable revenues and open up new market opportunities. However, it is also clear that some organisations are struggling to digitally transform. Therefore, the commentary provides a brief insight into how firms explore the possibilities of digital transformation and navigate these uncharted waters. Findings Today’s digital technologies affect the organisation outside and in, enabling the creation of new business models and transforming the customer experience. The incumbents are acutely aware that they need to transform strategically – to build new networks and value chains. Originality/value This commentary extends earlier work exploring the digital disruption within services to highlight a number of connected areas: the challenges and opportunities of digital transformation at a strategic level, as well as understanding and enhancing the customer experience and seeing how new data-driven business models can underpin service transformation.
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Holtgrave, Ursula, and Raymund Werle. "De-Commodifying Software? Open Source Software Between Business Strategy and Social Movement." Science & Technology Studies 14, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55135.
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Focusing on open source software the origin, development and organisation of a process of de-commodification is examined in an industry that usually relies on strong provisions to protect intellectual property. Open source denotes a cooperative and voluntary mode of software development cross-cutting organisational boundaries and transcending relations of market exchange. Starting with the Open Systems Movement in the late 1970s, which was driven by business strategic and industrial policy interests and complemented by a spirit of mutual support in professional communities, a social movement type of collective action has emerged which develops knowledge as a public good. Competent communities share the norms of the hacker culture and cooperate in informal relations challenging the boundaries between private and public goods. But the open source idea has also been transformed into a business strategy by companies who provide basic software products for free and make money with complementary products and services.
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Biondi, Yuri. "Empowering Market-Based Finance: A Note on Bank Bailouts in the Aftermath of the North Atlantic Financial Crisis of 2007." Accounting, Economics and Law - A Convivium 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ael-2016-0004.
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Abstract The North Atlantic Financial Crisis of 2007 did suddenly and massively disrupt the activities of financial markets and financial institutions that were organised under a market-based financial architecture at local and international levels. Both corporate and public policies were at the origin of this financial organisation that was established since the seventies and put at issue by this crisis. Finance and government were then as much complementary as rival actors throughout this market-driven transformation of local and international financial systems. Bank bailouts of 2007–2008 may be situated in this comprehensive and historical pattern, and embedded in the institutional structure that was designed and implemented to organise trans-national financial markets and financialisation.
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Hielscher, Volker. "Die Arbeitsverwaltung als Versicherungskonzern?" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 37, no. 148 (September 1, 2007): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v37i148.506.
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One of the main pillars of the German social security system, the Federal Labour Agency has undergone the most extensive reorganization of a public sector organisation in Germany in recent years. The contribution describes the main principles of this management-driven reform process and its conseguences for the service quality in the local job centres. It leads to the conclusion that a gain of efficiency in labour administration faces problems of exclusion for specific groups of job seekers from measures of active labour market policy.
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Van Tonder, Estelle, and Mornay Roberts-Lombard. "A Theoretical Framework For Managing CSR Plans And Related Initiatives In The Modern Business Environment." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2013): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v11i12.8259.
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Organisations can make a valuable contribution in alleviating poverty and improving the general living standards of society. In the modern turbulent business environment, characterised by intense competition and customers demanding corporate responsibility, it further seems that a well-managed corporate social responsibility (CSR) plan could assist executives in winning the hearts and minds of their customers. Regular interactions with stakeholders on CSR initiatives can also assist executives in identifying trends in the market and introducing innovations. CSR can further be used as a strategic tool to manage the reputation of the organisation. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework on guidelines that organisations could implement to manage their CSR plans and CSR-related initiatives more effectively. A number of secondary sources, including textbooks and previous research studies, were consulted in compiling the proposed framework which includes actions that executives could take to design and implement their CSR plans more effectively. In addition, principles for the effective management of CSR-driven innovations and reputation management initiatives are also provided. The framework also focuses on guidelines for the types of social media initiatives that would need to be incorporated into the executives strategic plan to ensure that the strategy implemented is truly competitive. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations that could be further investigated in a follow-on empirical study to provide further assistance to organisations wishing to survive and grow their businesses in the modern turbulent business environment. The paper is relevant to executives requiring guidance on implementing their CSR initiatives more successfully and contributes to the improvement of organisational behaviour within the socially responsible environment.
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WARBURTON, JENI, and CATHERINE McDONALD. "The challenges of the new institutional environment: an Australian case study of older volunteers in the contemporary non-profit sector." Ageing and Society 29, no. 5 (May 28, 2009): 823–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x09008484.
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ABSTRACTIncreased emphasis on efficiency and regulation is changing the nature of the non-profit sector in western countries. In this paper, we explore the impact of these contemporary changes on older, more traditional volunteers. Specifically, we use neo-institutional theory as a framework to explore the micro-effect of these processes in one large, multi-service non-profit organisation in Australia. The findings of an ethnographic study are presented using an analytical template comprising: (1) the observational space; (2) the conversational order; (3) the content of talk; and (4) areas of resistance. Findings from these categories provided evidence of two institutional orders – one a traditional way of operating consistent with a charity model, and the other, a new, dominant approach driven by market forces. It was found that older, more traditional volunteers struggled to maintain the old order as well as to make the transition to the new order. If organisations are to benefit from a pool of potential volunteers and if older people are to benefit from the social and health advantages associated with productive ageing, there are important implications in these findings. Older people are able to make a successful transition to the new order, but organisations need to be more proactive in facilitating the change. In particular, organisations need to reject ageist cultures and practices, provide training and skills development, and to work collaboratively with older people.
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Krystal, Matthew. "Are Inexpensive Solutions Affordable?" Anthropology in Action 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/aia.2019.260203.
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This article explores the efforts of an indigenous non-governmental organisation (NGO) to solve two related problems in San Miguel Totonicapán: the lack of clean drinking water and deforestation. Drawing on participant observation conducted during field stays over 10 years and survey data collected over 18 months, the article examines the affordability of bio-sand drinking water filters and high-efficiency wood cooking stoves. It considers whether savings over typical current practices for the procurement of drinking water and cooking fuel off set the purchase price of new sustainable technologies. The article also outlines data-driven recommendations offered to the NGO. While there are significant obstacles to market distribution, the acquisition of a bio-sand water filter or an improved wood stove makes good economic sense for households that presently purchase drinking water or firewood.
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Hosty, G. M., S. J. Groves, C. A. Murray, and M. Shah. "Pricing and Risk Capital in the Equity Release Market." British Actuarial Journal 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 41–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700001628.
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ABSTRACTAlthough equity release market sales have been flat since 2003, the market has seen significant developments in terms of product flexibility, with greater levels of guarantees and drawdown schemes, in particular, leading to the reduction in average case sizes. All things being equal, products should have become more expensive for consumers, but the competitive environment which has driven product innovation has also resulted in lower product margins. This is all good for the consumer, but it is increasingly difficult for providers to reach target returns on capital, and this is deterring some prospective new entrants. One of the purposes of this paper is to investigate the profitability of typical schemes in the market at present, and so to address the question of whether competition has forced the market to function at non-profitable levels. In doing this, the paper also provides a benchmark for existing providers and potential new entrants, against which they can check the reasonableness of their own assumptions. We will aim to provide a rational pricing methodology, which can be adopted by any organisation active in the market, and we hope that this can support the market as it expands over the coming years. In order to produce a set of cohesive results, we have modelled a range of potential outcomes using a pricing basis which we consider to be broadly ‘average’. While we would encourage providers to compare our results with their own pricing assumptions, and to ensure that they are satisfied as to the reasons for any differences, there is a health warning, as our results should only be used as a check in this regard. If our ‘averages’ are suitable for use by some providers, then this is just co-incidence. In practice providers should adapt the assumptions made to suit their own product features, target market, expense profile and appetite for risk.
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Fricke, Werner. "Thirty years of work life programmes in Germany." Concepts and Transformation 8, no. 1 (July 18, 2003): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cat.8.1.04fri.
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Between 1974 and 2002 there were three state financed work life programmes at federal level in Germany, with a financial outlay of more than €1 billion. The author evaluates the programmes’ achievements, conflicts and deficits and pays special attention to the role of social science research in work design projects; he concludes by comparing the German experiences and the Norwegian tradition of work life programmes since the 1960s. The social partners participated at programme and project level from the very beginning. Many successes have been achieved: the easing of physical work load and unhealthy work; the development of flexible and decentralized work organization in industry and services; providing working people with opportunities to make better use of their qualifications. There were also lost opportunities: due to massive conflicts between trades unions, employers’ associations and the programme administration, the initial perspective of enhancing democratic participation and enlarging the scope of co-determination in industry was abandoned, after a series of successful experiments, as early as 1980. The implementation of modern forms of work organization, including semi-autonomous group work, largely failed; it was (and still is) restricted to less than 5% of enterprises in Germany. Recent tendencies in industry to return to Tayloristic forms of work organisation, to intensify work processes by introducing market-driven work organisation and flexible working time schemes, directly contradict the original intentions of the programmes.
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Ma, Haili. "Yueju – The Formation of a Legitimate Culture in Contemporary Shanghai." Culture Unbound 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2011): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.124213.
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This article presents a case study of the development of a local cultural form – Shanghai Yueju – caught up in the rapid urban redevelopment of post-socialist China. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of ’habitus’ and ’distinction’, it analyses the processes of the reformation of taste and class in a Chinese city. It explores the following question: can high levels of financial investment revive Yueju and allow it to gain market success and cultural distinction? The question is examined in the context of Shanghai’s swift urbanisation process, throughout which the government has reinforced its control over not only economic but also social and cultural capital. It suggests that ignoring Yueju’s rootedness in a local habitus of long history and focusing only on its economic organisation has had a damaging effect on the vibrancy and viability of this cultural form. This case study of Yueju in Shanghai suggests that economically driven cultural development could lead to the erosion of local culture and restricting its social and cultural innovation.
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Bhattacharya, Rudrani, and Abhijit Sen Gupta. "What Role Did Rising Demand Play in Driving Food Prices Up?" South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance 6, no. 1 (June 2017): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277978717695155.
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Average food inflation in India during the period 2006–2013 was one of the highest among emerging market economies and nearly double the inflation witnessed in India during the previous decade. An often-cited hypothesis argues that the surge in food inflation during this period was driven by rising demand for high-value food products due to higher per capita income and diversification of Indian diets. In this article, we test the validity of this hypothesis by estimating the expenditure elasticity and then calculating the aggregate demand using data from household survey conducted by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). Our results show that in recent years, estimated demand has exceeded supply of all major food products, barring fruits. Moreover, empirical estimates indicate that the demand–supply gap is an important driver of rise in food prices, along with other factors such as minimum support prices, global prices, fiscal deficit and agricultural wages. JEL Classification: E31, E37, Q11
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Wadesango, Ongayi, Victor Jones, Lovemore Sitsha, and Newman Wadesango. "The Impact of Covid-19 Lockdown on Working Capital Management and Profitability of Firms: A Case Study of Lesley Bakers PVT LTD." International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 12, no. 5 (September 19, 2022): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.13302.
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This research study was carried out to analyse the impact of Covid-19 Lockdown towards working capital management and profitability of companies. The main complications faced were loss of market whilst operational costs remained on the same level. Enforcement of lockdown regulations such as curfews and intercity travel bans posed a threat in profit statuses of many firms. A challenge also faced was reduction of workforce to meet World Health Organisation requirements of social distancing and health safety protocols. The researchers applied quantitate descriptive research design to gather data from the baker’s employees. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Lesley was driven by the conservative approach techniques whereby it was required to reduce receivables from customers, maintaining high stocks, and timely settlement of liabilities. However, following the covid-19 global pandemic which led to many business operations being ceased and many of the organisation's clients which are in the formal sector to be highly affected resulting in the delaying of amounts due. The sudden increase in debtors would result in cash shortages to fund other operations and pay the current liabilities. Furthermore, the findings indicated slow payment by credit customers meaning that most of the firm’s accounts receivable remains outstanding for a long period of time. This is evidenced by high percentages of accounts receivable compared to other current assets of the firm. The researchers found that effective working capital management techniques had to be applied to continue operations. The researchers recommend companies to minimize their operational, production and capital expenditure in response to reduced market forces. Government support should be granted to local firms since they are no longer importing materials or exporting products, whilst the firm apply efficient working capital techniques.
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Burston, Mary A. "A complex matter: charitable organisation or corporate institution? A reflection on charity and its applicability in an era of market-driven higher education in Australia." Critical Studies in Education 61, no. 1 (June 15, 2017): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2017.1333520.
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Lemsa, Santa. "FRAMEWORK TO BUILD AN ADVANCED ANALYTICS MATURITY ASSESSMENT MODEL: QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.79.
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INTRODUCTION
Every minute of every day, a huge amount of data is created – social media, email communication, any device connected to the internet, google search. The future of digitalisation and internet of things promises a further generation of new data volumes. New advanced analytical approaches are required to deal with and make sense of large volumes of unstructured and structured data.
Data-driven business environment is a competitive advantage for any organisation. To ensure faster and smarter decision-making, organisations are forced to use advanced analytics to analyse the past, understand the present behaviour and predict and influence future events, actions, decisions and behaviour. Assessment of the advanced analytics ecosystem is crucial for further development, competitions in the market and to reach the strategic goals of the organisation. The assessment and understanding of the investments needed and next steps is critical to make the digitalisation process productive.
Advanced analytics can be described as a process of turning huge volumes of structured or unstructured data, statistical and predictive analytics into decision-making with a value to business. In addition, time after time it is accepted as predictive analytics, big data analytics, data mining and similar. This is a forward-looking technique that can provide insights from huge unstructured or structured data volumes. The techniques used include data mining, machine learning, forecasting, visualisation, semantic analysis, sentiment analysis, network and cluster analysis, multivariate statistics, graph analysis, simulation, neural networks and others.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The questionnaire developed by the author is based on an academic literature review, reports and publications shared by the analytics sector, industry experts and the author’s professional experience in the advanced analytics industry. The questionnaire design is developed based on 4 models with disclosed or semi-disclosed information to obtain data for modelling: 1) Analytics Maturity Quotient Framework (AMQ), Authors: Aryng, Data Science consulting, training and advising company; 2) DELTA Plus Model, Authors: International Institute for Analytics (IIA, Davenport); 3) Defining analytics maturity indicators (DAMI), Authors: Jasmien Lismont, Jan Vanthienen, Bart Baesens, Wilfried Lemahieu; 4) TDWI Analytics Maturity Model, Authors: TDWI (Transforming data with intelligence) training company.
RESULTS
The outcome is a questionnaire with 40 questions – single choice, multiple choice, text entry, matrix table, constant sum type questions allowing one to collect wide ranging and structured information. The main blocks are Demographics, Data management, Analytics, Process around data and analytics, People, Technologies, Culture, Leadership, Success drivers, Barriers. The questionnaire was launched on 20 December 2021 and now the field work is at the final stage. The author developed the new questionnaire, adjusted it for 2022, and localised it for Latvia.
DISCUSSION
Considering the increasing demand for advanced analytics including automated decision-making based on data, the significance of understanding the advanced analytics ecosystem maturity level in the organisations of Latvia is topical. The outcome is a core phase of the research paper “Challenges of Advanced Analytics Adoption in the Organisations of Latvia” with the research goal to develop the Advanced Analytics Ecosystem Assessment and Recommendation Tool based on ‘self-assessment’ to improve the results of the organisation in accordance with the strategic goals of the organisation. The questionnaire design of the quantitative survey is the most significant step in building an assessment model that allows one to collect core data material to obtain the initial model. The domains and factors which determine the maturity of advanced analytics will be identified based on quantitative survey data using proper analysis such as clustering, factor analysis, correlation analysis and other relevant analytical methods.
CONCLUSIONS
The challenge was to create a questionnaire in Latvian because of missing relevant terminology in Latvian, thus, leading to the identification of potential new terminology to be developed and implemented in Latvian.
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Lemsa, Santa. "FRAMEWORK TO BUILD AN ADVANCED ANALYTICS MATURITY ASSESSMENT MODEL: QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.79.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION
Every minute of every day, a huge amount of data is created – social media, email communication, any device connected to the internet, google search. The future of digitalisation and internet of things promises a further generation of new data volumes. New advanced analytical approaches are required to deal with and make sense of large volumes of unstructured and structured data.
Data-driven business environment is a competitive advantage for any organisation. To ensure faster and smarter decision-making, organisations are forced to use advanced analytics to analyse the past, understand the present behaviour and predict and influence future events, actions, decisions and behaviour. Assessment of the advanced analytics ecosystem is crucial for further development, competitions in the market and to reach the strategic goals of the organisation. The assessment and understanding of the investments needed and next steps is critical to make the digitalisation process productive.
Advanced analytics can be described as a process of turning huge volumes of structured or unstructured data, statistical and predictive analytics into decision-making with a value to business. In addition, time after time it is accepted as predictive analytics, big data analytics, data mining and similar. This is a forward-looking technique that can provide insights from huge unstructured or structured data volumes. The techniques used include data mining, machine learning, forecasting, visualisation, semantic analysis, sentiment analysis, network and cluster analysis, multivariate statistics, graph analysis, simulation, neural networks and others.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The questionnaire developed by the author is based on an academic literature review, reports and publications shared by the analytics sector, industry experts and the author’s professional experience in the advanced analytics industry. The questionnaire design is developed based on 4 models with disclosed or semi-disclosed information to obtain data for modelling: 1) Analytics Maturity Quotient Framework (AMQ), Authors: Aryng, Data Science consulting, training and advising company; 2) DELTA Plus Model, Authors: International Institute for Analytics (IIA, Davenport); 3) Defining analytics maturity indicators (DAMI), Authors: Jasmien Lismont, Jan Vanthienen, Bart Baesens, Wilfried Lemahieu; 4) TDWI Analytics Maturity Model, Authors: TDWI (Transforming data with intelligence) training company.
RESULTS
The outcome is a questionnaire with 40 questions – single choice, multiple choice, text entry, matrix table, constant sum type questions allowing one to collect wide ranging and structured information. The main blocks are Demographics, Data management, Analytics, Process around data and analytics, People, Technologies, Culture, Leadership, Success drivers, Barriers. The questionnaire was launched on 20 December 2021 and now the field work is at the final stage. The author developed the new questionnaire, adjusted it for 2022, and localised it for Latvia.
DISCUSSION
Considering the increasing demand for advanced analytics including automated decision-making based on data, the significance of understanding the advanced analytics ecosystem maturity level in the organisations of Latvia is topical. The outcome is a core phase of the research paper “Challenges of Advanced Analytics Adoption in the Organisations of Latvia” with the research goal to develop the Advanced Analytics Ecosystem Assessment and Recommendation Tool based on ‘self-assessment’ to improve the results of the organisation in accordance with the strategic goals of the organisation. The questionnaire design of the quantitative survey is the most significant step in building an assessment model that allows one to collect core data material to obtain the initial model. The domains and factors which determine the maturity of advanced analytics will be identified based on quantitative survey data using proper analysis such as clustering, factor analysis, correlation analysis and other relevant analytical methods.
CONCLUSIONS
The challenge was to create a questionnaire in Latvian because of missing relevant terminology in Latvian, thus, leading to the identification of potential new terminology to be developed and implemented in Latvian.
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Duncan-Marr, Alison, and Stephen J. Duckett. "Board self-evaluation: the Bayside Health experience." Australian Health Review 29, no. 3 (2005): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah050340.
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Board evaluation is a critical component of good governance in any organisation. This paper describes the board self-evaluation process used by Bayside Health, a public health service in Melbourne. The question of how governing boards can assess their performance has received increasing attention over the past decade. In particular, the increasing demand for accountability to shareholders and regulators experienced by corporate sector Boards has resulted in greater scrutiny of board performance, with the market and the balance sheet providing some basis for assessment.1-3 Performance evaluation of governing boards in the public sector has been more challenging. Performance evaluation is complex in a sector that is not simply driven by the bottom line, where the stakeholders involve both government and the broader community, and where access to, and the quality and safety of the services provided, are often the major public criteria by which performance may be judged. While some practices from the corporate sector can be applied successfully in the public sector, this is not always the case, and public sector boards such as the Board of Directors of Bayside Health have been developing ways to evaluate and improve their performance.
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Kisa, Adnan. "Analysis of the pharmaceuticals market and its technological development in Turkey." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 22, no. 4 (September 19, 2006): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646230605149x.
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Objectives: The objectives of this study were to analyze the current structure of the Turkish pharmaceuticals market to explain the latest developments and to offer some insight into the likely policy issues that this sector will face.Methods: Systematic searches of the relevant Turkish and English research literature were made, using electronic databases in addition to written reports.Results: The pharmaceutical industry in Turkey currently has eighty-seven manufacturing firms, eleven raw material manufacturers and thirty-eight importing firms. These add up to a total of 136 firms, 35 of which are driven by foreign capital, with 8 of these foreign-run firms having their own plants in Turkey. The industry employs approximately 19,000 personnel. In terms of growth, the value of pharmaceutical products in Turkey recently has exceeded that in Europe. In addition, per capita drug consumption levels are quite low compared with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and European Union countries. Major international players in the medical equipment and pharmaceutical products sector have also been opening offices in Turkey to reap the benefits of this rapidly evolving market.Conclusions: The pharmaceutical industry in Turkey is quite advanced and diverse, with high quality, generic pharmaceutical products being manufactured as well as poor quality copies that have not been appropriately tested in terms of bioequivalence and bioavailability. The country faces a low level of drug consumption due to economic and cultural constraints compared with Western countries. Governmental control and regulations are key issues because the majority of drug purchases (70–80 percent) throughout the country are currently reimbursable through public sector agencies such as the Pension Fund and the Social Insurance Organization.
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Chen, Jia, and Seungbin Park. "Government Partisanship, Unionization and the Structure of Investment Liberalization." Canadian Journal of Political Science 52, no. 4 (September 16, 2019): 825–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423919000295.
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AbstractGovernments in advanced industrial democracies generally regulate foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows with two types of policy measures: entry barriers and post-establishment restrictions. This article provides an integrated account for the two types of FDI restrictions, which is largely absent in the existing literature. We argue that the government's choice of FDI policies is shaped by a compound effect of the incumbent's ideological orientation and the political influence of unionized labour. Although inward FDI broadly benefits domestic workers, the entrance of multinational corporations (MNCs) adversely impacts the unionized interests of labour by transforming the labour market in ways detrimental to unions’ wage-bargaining leverage. Leftist governments, driven by the preferences of their labour constituency, tend to lift entry barriers to FDI in order to promote capital inflows. At the same time, leftist governments may also need to address unions’ concerns about inbound MNCs by tightening post-establishment restrictions on FDI, which impose constraints on the globalized business and operational model of MNCs. We argue that leftist incumbents generally liberalize entry barriers but tighten post-establishment restrictions when the level of labour unionization is high. We found evidence consistent with our argument from country-level and sector-level analysis of FDI restrictions, using a sample from the early 2000s to the mid-2010s of Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.
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Godiyal, Shailendra Prasad, and Kuldeep Singh. "A Comparative Study of Data Protection Laws: Current Global Trends, Challenges and Need of Reforms in India." VEETHIKA-An International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/veethika.2022.08.02.004.
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“The best way to get a bad law repealed is to enforce it strictly.” Abraham Lincoln’s legacy is still relevant in this decade. The 21st century is sometimes referred to as “the information age” because of the tremendous growth in the variety of ways we use information. India is rapidly transforming into digital economy. India has also been affected by the digital revolution. Recognizing its importance and the potential for significant disruption in practically every area of society, Indian government devised and implemented the “Digital India” plan. India is on track to develop into a digital economy with a substantial market for foreign businesses. In January 2022, there were 658.0 million internet users in India. Between 2021 and 2022, there were 47 million more internet users in India (+8.2 percent). Internet penetration in India stood at 47.0% in January 2022.
Data security and protection are crucial given the world’s increasing digitization. Processing of personal data is increasingly widespread, despite the fact that the shift to a digital economy is still in progress. Today’s digital environment makes it so that almost every action a person takes involves some sort of data transaction. New markets have emerged as a result of the Internet, particularly those whose business plans directly or indirectly involve the collection, organisation, and processing of personal data.
It is pertinent and strange to mention the fact here that, “the world’s largest taxi company UBER owns no vehicles; Facebook, the world’s most popular social media platform, creates no content; Alibaba, the most valuable retailer, has no inventory; similarly, Airbnb, the world’s largest accommodation provider, owns no real estate”. All of these are the “Data Driven” and not the “information driven” companies. It indicates that the company collects, analyses, and applies data to make important decisions. It is a serious matter of concern around the world when it comes with right to privacy of an individual. This study deals with current data protection laws, challenges and reforms in India.
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Szombati, Ivett. "Szociális ellátások a társadalombiztosítási családtámogatás rendszerében." Orvosi Hetilap 160, Supplement 1 (February 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2019.31395.
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Introduction and aim: In my study, analysing the data available from the change of the regime to the present day, from among the social services, I examine the changes of the financial support relating to children and its parts which are currently financed from the budget of the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary, with special emphasis on the Child Care Benefit and the Child Care Allowance and their modifications. Data and methods: Within the framework of our research, we analyze – through data from the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary, the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Hungarian State Treasury as well as on the basis of literature review – the social financial support and its changes, within the family policy system. Results: Hungarian family policy is still driven by the attitude of staying at home for three years with the child. The long period spent at home with the children fundamentally affects the adjustment of mothers to the labour market which has a direct effect on the economic productivity. Even though according to the current regulations, mothers are allowed to work full-time besides receiving child care allowance after their child fills 6 months, part-time employment and telework is still in its infancy compared to the Western-European countries. Based on our research, high percentage of families go for the child care benefit directly after the birth of the child thus not participating in the labour market processes. Besides if they do participate, the percentage of employment on minimal wage is still very high which means that in 2016–2017 36% of families with two breadwinners and two children were forced to survive on subsistence income. Conclusion: In the examined period, we found that social and family policy changes unfortunately were not able to react sufficiently to the demographic challenges despite Hungary spending significantly more on family policy than other European and OECD countries. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(Suppl 1): 43–48.
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Trąpczyński, Piotr. "De-internationalisation." Baltic Journal of Management 11, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 350–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-08-2015-0153.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically diagnose the current body of knowledge on de-internationalisation from the perspective of its various antecedents and implications for firms and to identify key research gaps and formulate recommendations for future research. Design/methodology/approach Contrary to many reviews of international business literature, this paper adopts a deductive approach by applying theory-driven dimensions of internationalisation to extant research so as to identify key developments and research gaps. Findings Among existing studies, attention has been consistently devoted to divestments, reductions of operating modes and foreign market withdrawals, while neglecting other crucial dimensions. Moreover, while financial effects of divestments have been frequently studied, the competitiveness implications of de-internationalisation have widely been neglected. Research limitations/implications Further research should consider de-internationalisation phenomena from the viewpoint of several interrelated aspects, as well as shift attention from studying failure to studying optimisation. More attention should be devoted to changes in the organisation of multinational enterprises in line with a changing degree of internationalisation. Practical implications The review provides a comprehensive synthesis of extant knowledge on the antecedents, forms and outcomes of de-internationalisation, which is of particular interest for decision-makers responsible for international expansion. This topic has been mostly neglected due to the sensitive character of the underlying decisions. The understanding of the determinants and consequences of de-internationalisation processes can contribute to a more conscious management of foreign operations. Originality/value The paper draws on the research paradigm of strategic management research, as well as international business literature, to refine the understanding of de-internationalisation and provide a contribution to this still under-researched area.
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Nesan, Jawahar. "Factors Influencing Tacit Knowledge in Construction." Construction Economics and Building 5, no. 1 (November 19, 2012): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v5i1.2943.
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Increased complexity of the construction business and consequentuse of new management concepts and technologies ledconstruction organisations to focus more on the transfer of explicitknowledge. However, it is the tacit knowledge that determinesthe construction companies’ competitiveness in a business thatis driven by turbulent market conditions and customers’ everincreasingdemands. This paper highlights the importance of tacitknowledge sharing in construction, explores the challenges andopportunities to efficiently share tacit knowledge, and based on theliterature review identifies some critical factors that influence tacitknowledge in construction. It is argued that employees’ knowledgesharing (learning) behaviours are influenced by work practices thatare borne by respective organisational behaviours. Organisational,cultural, and project characteristics that facilitate knowledgesharing among construction employees are explored and thepractices that influence the construction employee behaviour insharing tacit knowledge are highlighted.
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Kontoghiorghes, George J. "Differences between the European Union and United States of America in Drug Regulatory Affairs Affect Global Patient Safety Standards and Public Health Awareness: The Case of Deferasirox and Other Iron Chelating Drugs." Medicines 8, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines8070036.
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Regulatory policies on drugs have a major impact on patient safety and survival. Some pharmaceutical companies employ all possible methods to achieve maximum sales in relation to the monopoly of their patented drugs, leading sometimes to irregularities and illegal activities. Misinformation on the orphan drug deferasirox has reached the stage of criminal investigations and fines exceeding USD 100 million. Additional lawsuits of USD 3.5 billion for damages and civil fines were also filed by the FBI of the USA involving deferasirox and mycophenolic acid, which were later settled with an additional fine of USD 390 million. Furthermore, a USD 345 million fine was also settled for bribes and other illegal overseas operations including an EU country. However, no similar fines for illegal practises or regulatory control violations have been issued in the EU. Misconceptions and a lack of clear guidelines for the use of deferasirox in comparison to deferiprone and deferoxamine appear to reduce the effective treatment prospects and to increase the toxicity risks for thalassaemia and other iron loaded patients. Similar issues have been raised for the activities of other pharmaceutical companies promoting the use of new patented versus generic drugs. Treatments for different categories of patients using new patented drugs are mostly market driven with no clear safeguards or guidelines for risk/benefit assessment indications or for individualised effective and safe optimum therapies. There is a need for the establishment of an international organisation, which can monitor and assess the risk/benefit assessment and marketing of drugs in the EU and globally for the benefit of patients. The pivotal role of the regulatory drug authorities and the prescribing physicians for identifying individualised optimum therapies is essential for improving the survival and safety of millions of patients worldwide.
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Joshi, Manoj, and Apoorva Srivastava. "Family business in transition: a case of PAL." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 6, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 72–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-11-2013-0029.
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Purpose – The case aims to deal with multi generation entrepreneurship. Families are about people and businesses are about money, therefore, conflict between the two is inevitable. Family-owned businesses develop competitive edges when they align values, vision, strategy, investment and governance to make both family and business activities more professional and mutually supportive. It is a belief that “treating the business like a family”, driven by values and concern for human needs, creates an organization with motivated people working together to create long-term value. Jitesh Ghai is the MD of Panchamrit Asbestos Ltd (PAL), which stands for PAL. Jitesh has an “experiential learning” with the cement sheet business and has understood the nuances of the business. It is supposedly required that PAL ought to professionalize owing to market infeasibility. Shashwat, his son has diversified interests and therefore desires to spin-off to “Big Apple”. Design/methodology/approach – The case is based on research and secondary information, which has been tested several times, while filling the case gaps during the process. To authenticate information, multiple sources (vendors and customers) of information have been used. Findings – There is a dilemma between the father-son relationship and decision to professionalise or spin-off! It is understood that in multigenerational business, it is not necessary that the subsequent generation keep the same business, but must preserve wealth and traditions. Research limitations/implications – The findings are based on observations on one organisation and research carried through secondary sources, which may limit to theory building. Practical implications – An enterprise largely competes on the basis of available talent, knowledge, competency and capability. Therefore, knowledge must be managed. For survival and growth, business transition must be handled effectively. Originality/value – The case is original with the business family in its second generation striving to survive.
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Pande, Kirti, and Raja K. Gundu. "Challenges and Strategies for Indian IT MNCs in 2010." Foreign Trade Review 37, no. 1-2 (April 2002): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515020107.
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IT service providers in India have been increasingly concerned about competitive threat to their export business from emergingfirms in China. The world over competition is being replaced by co-opetition. Competitors are becoming global in their view of service markets and are driven by demand from buyers for dealing with well-known trusted and large service brands. Alliance with Chinese firms will allow scale and risk diversification for Indian vendors to compete as global brands. Opportunity for achieving scale of operations emerge from projections of the Chinese software market size to grow to $22-27 billion' by year 2006 from $5.024 billion in 2000. Risk diversification opportunity exists in the form of expanding markets to Japan and South Korea. A word of caution is that the hype surrounding China will eventually subside. A hype cycle Model enumerates why the predicted revenues might not be realised due to government policies and economic turmoil, hence entry strategy should be well timed. We suggest entry in 2004 as appropriate timing for Indian MNCs. On the other hand the perceived threat of China emerging as an alternative outsourcing base is not substantiated by facts. Based on current data we estimate an acute shortage in skilled labour. India too will face skill shortages to a lesser degree. We recommend process innovation in software development methodologies as a strategy for meeting the projected supply shortages. Finally, companies are likely to face internal challenges. The genesis of these challenges lie in its implementation part and top management vision. A balanced scorecard has been evolved for IT companies to link strategies with critical success factors and generate key performance measures for internal strength of the organisation. The paper tries to make certain recommendations which are emerged during the discussions with various CEOs of different companies.
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Thyne, Maree, Kirsten Robertson, Leah Watkins, and Olly Casey. "Retailers targeting children with set collection promotions: the child’s perspective." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 643–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-08-2017-0180.
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Purpose Children are familiar with retail outlets (especially supermarkets) and the reality of shopping from an increasingly early age. In turn, retailers are actively engaging this young market, targeting them through various promotional strategies. One popular strategy adopted by grocery retailers is giveaway collectible set items. The purpose of this paper is to question the ethicality of such campaigns, within the framework of vulnerable consumers by examining children’s opinions of the campaigns and the supermarkets who run them, and the drivers of children’s involvement in the campaigns. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative focus groups were employed with 67 children aged five to ten years. Focus groups were made up of children in similar age groups to cluster responses by age and allow for comparisons. Thematic analysis was undertaken and responses were coded into themes. Findings Children were initially driven to collect through promotional advertising or because a third party offered them a collectible. The drivers for subsequent collecting differed between age groups, with younger children more focussed on themes around play and older children (seven and above) collecting through habit, because it was a craze amongst their peers and therefore the collections became items of social currency. Children’s perceptions of the supermarkets motivations also differed by age. Younger children thought supermarkets gave the collectibles away as “gifts” for altruistic reasons. The older children articulated a clear understanding of the economic motives of the organisation including: to attract children to their stores, to encourage pester power and to increase revenue by encouraging customers to buy more. The older children questioned the ethics of the collectible campaigns, referring to them as scams. Research limitations/implications The findings extend the important discussion on the nature of children’s vulnerability to advertising by showing that the children’s vulnerability stretches beyond their ability to understand advertising intent. Despite older children in the present study being cognisant of retailers’ intentions they were still vulnerable to the scheme; the embeddedness of the scheme in the social lives of the children meant they lacked agency to opt out of it. Further, the finding that the scheme transcended boundaries in the children’s lives, for instance, being associated with social currency at school, highlights the potential negative impact such schemes can have on the well-being of children. Originality/value Until now, research has investigated the motivations that children have to collect, but previous studies have focussed on collections which have been determined by the children. This paper presents the opinions and perceptions of the children who are directly targeted by commercial organisations to collect and raises concerns around the ethicality of such schemes.
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Manley, Karen, and Le Chen. "Collaborative learning model of infrastructure construction: a capability perspective." Construction Innovation 15, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 355–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-05-2014-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a new model to show how continuous joint learning of participant organisations improves project performance. Performance heterogeneity between collaborative infrastructure projects is typically examined by considering procurement systems and their governance mechanisms at static points in time. The literature neglects to consider the impact of dynamic learning capability, which is thought to reconfigure governance mechanisms over time in response to evolving market conditions. Design/methodology/approach – There are two stages of conceptual development. In the first stage, the management literature is analysed to explain the standard model of dynamic learning capability that emphasises three learning phases for organisations. This standard model is extended to derive a novel circular model of dynamic learning capability that shows a new feedback loop between performance and learning. In the second stage, the construction management literature is consulted, adding project lifecycle, stakeholder diversity and three organisational levels to the analysis to arrive at the collaborative model of dynamic learning capability. Findings – The collaborative model should enable construction organisations to successfully adapt and perform under changing market conditions. The complexity of learning cycles result in capabilities that are imperfectly imitable between organisations, explaining performance heterogeneity on projects. Originality/value – The collaborative model provides a theoretically substantiated description of project performance, driven by the evolution of procurement systems and governance mechanisms. The model’s empirical value will be tested in future research.
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Hamin, Hamin, David Rosenbaum, and Elizabeth More. "Understanding Organisational Risks and Opportunities Associated with Implementing Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme from the Nonprofit Service Provider Perspective—Findings from Quantitative Research." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15120614.
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In this paper, we provide useful lessons from a quantitative analysis across several nonprofit organisations undergoing generational change due to the implementation of the Australian government’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). This paper contributes to the field in demonstrating the usefulness of the approach in revealing how change has to occur at both the micro and macro levels of the organisations involved, affecting both followers and transforming leadership, whilst simultaneously reinforcing the need to address the strategic and operational risks inherent in such transformational change. It represents a follow-up to an earlier published longitudinal qualitative research and provides further evidence on the key findings associated with the development of the NDIS Implementation Framework. The current paper considers the importance of the risk and opportunity conundrum associated with the implementation of the NDIS among Australian nonprofit service providers. This paper recognises that, as entities operating ostensibly outside the purely commercial realms of service design and delivery, nonprofit service providers are potentially handicapped by an historic lack of relevant and necessary market-based skills. The risks necessitate an accelerated programme of skill development and skill acquisition to enable the full range of opportunities to be realised. The change management processes, identified using the conceptual framework of readiness → implementation commitment → sustainability, as discussed in this paper, highlight the potential financial consequences which have substantial impacts on such nonprofit service providers. Organisations in these settings are challenged by ongoing financial sustainability issues where very small financial margins, resulting directly from the generational business model shift from a supply-driven system to a demand-driven system, may prove the difference between organisational survival and failure.
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Ennals, Richard. "Democratic Dialogue and Development: An Intellectual Obituary of Björn Gustavsen." International Journal of Action Research, no. 2-3/2018 (January 11, 2019): 146–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/ijar.v14i2-3.06.
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Björn Gustavsen, with an original professional background as a lawyer and judge in his native Norway, had a formative role in organisational development processes in Norway, Sweden, Scandinavia and the European Union over four decades. Following in the tradition of Norwegian working life research by Trist and Thorsrud, he provided the conceptual framework and practical case studies which have driven major national and international programmes. He learned from different experience of organisational change in, for example, the USA and Japan, but he identified a distinctive way forward for the European Union, where he acted as a senior adviser. In contrast to conventional Taylorist top-down management and reliance on expert consultants, his approach was bottom up and concept driven, with a focus on empowering workers. With a commitment to long-term sustainable processes, he emphasised the importance of capacity building and succession planning, highlighting development organisations. His approach to partnership and coalition building enabled collaboration across sectors, in the cause of creating collaborative advantage. He had a distinctive fluent academic writing style, but spentmost of his time engaged in the design and practice of development, and editing the work of younger colleagues. He saw the role of academic journals and edited books in the development process, so encouraged new publications, but without seeking to dominate. He took ideas of Action Research and case studies, and applied them to national enterprise development programmes, working with the labour market parties. This resulted in a distinctive research and development culture.
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M. Brown, Rhonda. "Community Health Within the Context of Health Reform." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 1 (2000): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00009.
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Recent health reforms in Victoria based on a market model characterised by competition and market control of health services, have radically changed the funding and management of community health organisations and the way health services are provided. Community health has sustained ongoing funding cuts, restructures, amalgamations, and corporatisation over the past decade. Within the context of reform community health has been forced to become competitive through improvement in the efficiency and effectiveness of services. At the same time organisations must collaborate to ensure a co-ordinated approach to health care and continue to provide services which are responsive to community needs. With diminishing government funding community health organisations must seek alternative funding sources through the tendering process. A 1998 study of one of the largest metropolitan community health organisations in Victoria gives some insights into the impact of these reforms. The findings of this study show that health reforms based on market principles are not compatible with the delivery of health care, and in particular with primary health care, the underlying philosophy of community health. Organisations are becoming more bureaucratic and hierarchical with decision making being driven by management rather than by consultation with community and staff. Resources are being diverted from health promotion and community development activities to direct services, that are individual and problem focused rather than community and prevention focused.
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Beverland, Mike, and Lawrence S. Lockshin. "Growth Models in the New Zealand Wine Industry: Some Case Study Evidence." Journal of Management & Organization 7, no. 2 (2001): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200005186.
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AbstractOne of the most dominant models for explaining organisational growth is that of organisational lifecycles. Drawing parallels with biology, life cycle theorists argue firms are born, grow, mature and decline. Despite a proliferation of models of organisational lifecycle, there is little empirical support for their general validity. The present study builds a four-stage model of organisational life cycle based on case study research in the New Zealand wine industry. Far from being driven by internal pressures, these cycles seem to be related to the demands of the global wine market, as well as the strategy chosen by each firm.
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Beverland, Mike, and Lawrence S. Lockshin. "Growth Models in the New Zealand Wine Industry: Some Case Study Evidence." Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 7, no. 2 (2001): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2001.7.2.20.
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AbstractOne of the most dominant models for explaining organisational growth is that of organisational lifecycles. Drawing parallels with biology, life cycle theorists argue firms are born, grow, mature and decline. Despite a proliferation of models of organisational lifecycle, there is little empirical support for their general validity. The present study builds a four-stage model of organisational life cycle based on case study research in the New Zealand wine industry. Far from being driven by internal pressures, these cycles seem to be related to the demands of the global wine market, as well as the strategy chosen by each firm.
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Ebarefimia, Udegbe, Scholastica, Udegbe, Maurice Inedegbor, Ogundipe Kehinde Ahmed, Akintola Omobola Ganiyat, and Kareem, Rashdidat. "THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISATIONAL DECISION MAKING, COMMITMENT AND PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 01, no. 11 (June 22, 2012): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20120111a05.
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This study explored the moderating role of organizational decision-making and sense of commitment, on business outcomes of multinational corporations (MNCs) in Nigeria. Extant literature suggests that the relationship between specific organizational decision making and business outcomes should vary across different environments. Proponents of the decision-making perspective have posited that decisions must be well co-ordinate, and executed with a sense of commitment for a company to be market-driven or customer-oriented. Specifically, it is anticipated that the relationship between organizational decision-making and business outcomes are likely to be greater when the organization is market-driven or customer-oriented. Therefore, the intensification of research on this has led to the current survey study to examine the relationship among organizational decision making, sense of commitment and performance. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained with the aid of questionnaire, while the secondary data were obtained from literature. 7 copies of the questionnaire were administered in each of the MNCs that served as sample. The respondents were selected based on convenience sampling method. The selected 100 MNCs were stratified into categories of services, manufacturing and others. Out of the total sample of 700, a total of 600 useable questionnaires were returned representing a response rate of 86%.The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and t – test analysis. The research instrument showed high reliability and validity. Two hypotheses were developed and tested. Two major findings resulted from the study. The first is that there is a positive relationship between market-driven or customer-oriented organizational decision-making and business outcomes. The second is that there is a significant relationship between organizational sense of commitment and performance.
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Luengo, María, Carlos Maciá-Barber, and José Luis Requejo-Alemán. "Evaluating organisational ethics in Spanish news media." Journalism 18, no. 9 (April 13, 2016): 1142–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884916643682.
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Drawing from 420 surveys addressed to news media practitioners, 30 in-depth interviews with media executives and 6 focus groups, this article focuses on the institutional dimensions of ethics in journalism and explores the way in which ethical standards are perceived by journalists and other representative groups involved in Spanish news media. The data show that participants ascribe moral obligations to journalistic institutions. Interviewees emphasise the predominance of market-driven interests over ethical values as one of the main threats to journalism. However, differences between the perceptions of journalists and media executives reveal that the latter believe that journalistic ethics pertain to individual journalists.
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Madikizela, K., and K. Michell. "An investigation into the relationship between diversity, leadership and innovation in the South African construction industry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 8 (November 1, 2022): 082026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/8/082026.
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Abstract Without a diverse leadership and workforce, in the South African construction industry innovation is hindered and slowed, resulting in a weakened ability to respond to a fast paced and technologically driven market and economical changes, which has a direct impact on organisational growth. Little is known about the role of leadership in managing the relationship between diversity and innovation in the South African construction industry. The construction industry has not been responsive to market changes and therefore slow to innovate. This rapidly evolving contextual landscape requires a more diverse workforce in order to address these challenges. This paper presents the findings from a study that investigated and analysed the role of leadership in managing the relationship between diversity and innovation in the construction industry. In this context leadership is described as the ability to select, equip, train, and influence one or more followers who have diverse gifts, abilities, and skills and focuses the followers to the organisation’s mission and objectives. Diversity are described as age, ethnicity, cultural background, gender, race and capabilities. Innovation is described as the implementation of ideas that have come together to create new solutions to problems or improvements to existing systems, processes, products, or attempted solutions.
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Rohracher, Harald. "Intermediaries and the Governance of Choice: The Case of Green Electricity Labelling." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 41, no. 8 (August 2009): 2014–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a41234.
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This paper is about the reframing of electricity markets as a strategically oriented nonstate governance activity of intermediary organisations. In particular, it is centred on the establishment of ‘green’ electricity labels by environmental and other nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) as an attempt to establish and shape a market for green electricity. Such labels serve as a ‘boundary object’ between electricity generators, suppliers, consumers, and regulators, and are analysed as the creation of new sociotechnical arrangements around green electricity generation and use. The analysis also shows that private governance initiatives of this kind are highly interdependent with state regulatory systems. NGOs have played a vital role in defining and negotiating such standards, enrolling and aligning supply-side and demand-side actors, communicating with a wider public and building trust for the respective products, establishing links with regulators, and shaping policies for renewable electricity at national and European levels. The cases of electricity labelling investigated are an example of new political strategies of civil society intermediary organisations in an increasingly market-driven environment.
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Orsi, Fabienne, Sauman Singh, and Luis Sagaon-Teyssier. "The Creation and Evolution of the Donor Funded Market for Antimalarials and the Growing Role of Southern Firms." Science, Technology and Society 23, no. 3 (April 27, 2018): 349–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971721818762906.
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Since the early 2000s, the question of access to medicines at affordable prices for Southern populations has appeared as one of the major challenges for the international governance of health. But what is at stake is the creation of market for medicines in the global South, particularly countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa. These markets are new in nature in the sense that they are driven by international organisations where Southern firms, especially from India, occupy an increasingly important position. However, the specificity of these markets and the way they are constituted have been little analysed. In this article, we suggest focusing the attention on the constitution of the market of antimalarial drugs and highlighting the role played by Southern firms in this market. Our study focuses on the public sector market of antimalarial drugs. We provide an institutional and quantitative analysis of the creation of this public market. We then discuss the growing importance of the Southern firms, mainly Indian and Chinese, in this market.
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Najeeb, Ali, and Mary Barrett. "Conformance or evasion." Employee Relations: The International Journal 41, no. 6 (October 7, 2019): 1183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-08-2018-0209.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how resort managers respond to employment legislation (Law No. 02/2008). Design/methodology/approach The qualitative case study data from seven self-contained tourist resorts in the Maldives were used to investigate the managerial responses to employment legislation. Findings Resort managers’ responses ranged from passive compliance to active resistance, with decoupling through opportunism as the dominant strategy used to circumvent the legislation. Some human resource management (HRM) practices emerged from resort managers’ interactions with external stakeholders and employees. Strategic responses and HRM practices were driven by a search for legitimacy or efficiency and sometimes both. The findings show that there are differences between strategic responses and HRM practices by organisational subfield, local resorts and international hotel chains. The resorts’ market orientation also influenced resort managers’ responses and HRM practices. Research limitations/implications The findings of this paper have limitations because it was limited to a single industry/sector and to a particular piece of legislation. However, it demonstrates the complexity of the relationship between institutional context and HRM. Originality/value This paper shows that responding to employment legislation entails a high level of interplay between the institutional environment and HR actors, and between stakeholders (e.g. employees) and HR actors. It demonstrates the difficulty of reconciling institutional requirements with the preferences of different stakeholders and organisational interests. HR actors actively make sense of institutional requirements and modify HRM practices to accommodate stakeholders’ varying perspectives and preferences. This suggests that in countries such as the Maldives, uneven institutional coverage (e.g. incomplete employment legislation) allows room for organisations to innovate – for better or worse.
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Whitehead, Philip, and Paul Crawshaw. "A tale of two economies: the political and the moral in neoliberalism." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 34, no. 1/2 (March 4, 2014): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-09-2012-0082.
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Purpose – This article aims to critically explore current forms of neoliberalism and their impact upon the moral economy. The authors examine how the dominant neoliberal political economy impacts upon three overlapping registers: individual subjectivity, national reconstructions and organizational transformations. These three registers are fashioned by, and subsequently help to reproduce, the contours of the prevailing politico-economic system. The market-driven ethic of neoliberalism, however, is diametrically opposed to that of a moral economy concerned with universalism and equality in meeting human need. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual theoretical piece. Findings – The result is that the latter have been replaced by competitive individualism as societies reconstruct themselves in the image of the market place. This profound cultural shift is well known, but in this article, the authors will claim that it has in turn had a profound impact upon individual subjectivities and the key institutions and organisations that have long formed the basis of the Western social democratic consensus. Originality/value – It is original because it theorises the impact of neoliberalism on organisations.
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Jetschke, Anja. "What Drives Institutional Reforms in Regional Organisations? Diffusion, Contextual Conditions, and the Modular Design of ASEAN." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 5, no. 1 (January 2017): 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2016.30.
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AbstractWhat drives institutional reforms in regional organisations? And what explains the institutional design of ASEAN? Despite many differences, conventional approaches to the institutional design of regional organisations more generally and ASEAN in particular are united in regarding them as either determined by factors endogenous to the region − such as varying state interests or collective norms − or as exogenously driven, most importantly by hegemonic states like the US or China. This article offers a diffusion account of ASEAN's institutional design. Building on a more recent strand in the diffusion literature emphasising that diffusion rarely leads to convergence, the article makes two genuine contributions. First, it argues that members of regional organisations engage in modular adoption: they select institutional templates from a variety of regional as well as international organisations thereby taking advantage of available information on the costs and benefits of alternative institutions. Second, it argues that contextual conditions and cognitive priors influence what templates are chosen. The argument will be illustrated with a case study on ASEAN's adoption of a single market and a dispute settlement mechanism. Finally, and contrary to arguments that institutional borrowing might increase the expectations-deliverance gap within regional organisations, it argues that if conducted consistently, modular adoption can lead to substantial innovation and success.