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Almgren, Anders, and Viktor Haggren. "Market shares of regional shopping centres with proximity to an IKEA warehouse : IKEA Centres Case Study." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211206.
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This master thesis focuses on regional shopping centre’s market shares. It is written in cooperation with IKEA Centres that provided data regarding their shopping centres and funds for the gathering of statistics. The research question for the study is: What level of market share is valid for regional shopping centres in close proximity to an IKEA warehouse? In order to answer this question as accurate as possible the study is designed as a case study. The case is implemented on three different shopping centres, owned by IKEA Centres, with similar locations and market areas. The three shopping centres that are selected as subject centres in the study are Birsta City in Sundsvall, I-Huset in Linköping and Erikslund Shopping Center in Västerås. The case is focused on the regional shopping centres isolated and do not include the IKEA furniture store. The first part of the study concerns the delineation of the subject centres’ primary- and secondary market area. This is done using Reilly’s Law based on the prerequisites of the specific shopping centre. By using this method breaking points or borders of the market areas can be defined and located based on the calculated driving time. To be able to calculate the potential market shares for the centres, the buying power segmentation method is used. The statistics are bought from Statistics Sweden and concerns mainly the number of households in the market areas and their disposable income. The market share is calculated by comparing the potential buying power of the households and the actual sales in the shopping centres. The results of the conducted study regarding the market share in the total market area is that Birsta City has a significant larger market share (60%) than the two other centres that the study concerns. I-Huset (17% market share) and Erikslund Shopping (25% market share) are located in regions with a higher population and more competition, the authors see this as the main factor to the difference in the market share. Results regarding market shares in different categories of goods are also presented. The three subjects’ centres offer several different collections of items. All centres have a large market share in the fashion segments that are offered, a wide tenant mix in combination with the target groups is seen to be an effecting factor.Denna masteruppsats fokuserar på ämnet regionala shoppingcenters och dess marknadsandel. Uppsatsen är skriven i samarbete med IKEA Centres vilka har bidragit med data angående köpcentren samt medel för inköp av statistik. Studiens frågeställning är: Vilken marknadsandel har regionala köpcenter där ett Ikeavaruhus finns i närheten? För att besvara denna frågeställning på bästa sätt är studien utformad som en fallstudie. Fallstudierna är implementerade på tre olika shopping center i liknande läge och med likvärdiga marknadsområden. De tre köpcentrumen vilket är utvalda som ämnescenter i studien är Birsta City i Sundsvall, I-Huset i Linköping och Erikslund Shopping Center i Västerås. Forskningen är baserad på shopping centret och berör inte IKEAs möbelvaruhus. Den första delen av studien behandlar avgränsningen av köpcentrumens primära och sekundära marknadsområden. Avgränsningen är utförd med Reilly’s Law baserad på de specifika köpcentrets förutsättningar. Genom att använda den här metoden definieras brytpunkter och gränser för marknadsområdet kan avgränsas med hjälp av den beräknade körtiden. För att sedan beräkna köpcentrets marknadsandel används metoden ”Buying power segmentation method”. Statistiken som används är köpt från SCB och berör huvudsakligen antalet hushåll i marknadsområdena samt dess disponibla inkomst. Marknadsandelen är beräknad genom att jämföra den potentiella köpkraften hos hushållen med den faktiska försäljningen i köpcentren. Resultatet av den utförda studien rörande marknadsandelar av den totala marknaden är dels att Birsta City har en betydligt större marknadsandel (60%) än de två andra undersökta köpcentren. I-Huset (17% marknadsandel) samt Erikslund Shopping (25% marknadsandel) är belägna i regioner med högre invånarantal och större konkurrens. Författarna ser detta som en avgörande faktor till skillnaden i marknadsandel jämfört med Birsta City. Resultat angående marknadsandelar i olika kategorier av varor är också presenterade. De tre studerade köpcentren erbjuder ett brett utbud av produkter. Samtliga center har en stor marknadsandel i kategorier rörande kläder & mode. Den breda hyresgästmixen samt målgruppen för köpcentren antas vara påverkande faktorer till detta.
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Basu, Roy Tamal. "Role of rural periodic market centres in regional economic development - a case study of Uttar Dinajpur district, West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2015. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/1874.
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El-Nakib, Islam. "A proposal for Egyptian regional distribution centres for the COMESA market." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2008. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5871/.
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The objective of this research was to assess the feasibility of establishing Egyptian RDCs in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) in order to enhance Egyptian export flows to that economic bloc. The research hypothesis was that the volume of Egyptian exports within the COMESA market would be enhanced through the establishment of a network of RDCs. Intensive analysis of COMESA imports was conducted in order to understand the nature of the demand in the COMESA market and explore the export potential for Egyptian products. To increase the competitiveness of Egyptian exports to the COMESA market the research proposes the establishment of an RDC network in COMESA. Two models were used to select the locations for the Egyptian RDCs network within COMESA countries. The first model was used to set the criteria for the location decision within COMESA countries from a logistics perspective. The second model was used to assess the selected locations through criteria pertaining to several external factors such as economic and political stability, local infrastructure and geographical locations. Kenya, Djibouti and Tanzania are the three countries which proved to be the optimal locations to establish a generic network of Egyptian RDCs for the COMESA market. The factors which are adversely affecting the competitiveness of Egyptian exports to the COMESA countries were assessed based on three stages of export flows from the manufacturers' facilities in Egypt until reaching each country in COMESA via the RDCs. The first stage is from the Egyptian manufacturers' locations to the Egyptian seaports, the second from the Egyptian seaports to the seaport of the receiving country in which the RDC is located, and finally the third stage from the location of the RDC to the COMESA market for redistribution to the end users. In order to test the results from these models, two questionnaires were conducted to target Egyptian exporters and COMESA importers to investigate their views regarding the establishment of the Egyptian RDC network to serve the COMESA market. The findings of the questionnaires revealed that the COMESA market is a good gateway for Egyptian exports, however, a number of problems render the benefits from such a market to be a challenge to achieve. Therefore, the research has focused on recommended actions to be considered in potential implementation strategies through a schematic model to enhance the flows of Egyptian exports to the COMESA market and to overcome the hindrances in achieving a competitive position within this market.
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Tati, Gabriel. "Regional development planning and the role of secondary cities as migration centres in Cameroon." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311381.
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Van, Zyl Fransa. "Growing urban ecosystems : a food market in Menlyn." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30012.
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This study responds to the effect that current food production has on the natural environment, by researching urban systems and ecosystems. In reaction to the findings, a new food production system and the urban buying and retail culture are investigated. A food market and hydroponic production building is designed to serve as an alternative to the supermarket and conventional food production. AFRIKAANS : Hierdie studie reageer op die uitwerking wat huidige voedsel produksie op die natuurlike omgewing het, deur stedelike stelsels en ekostelsels te bestudeer. In reaksie op die bevindings word ‘n nuwe voedsel produksie stelsel en die stedelike koop-enverkoop- kultuur ondersoek. ‘n Varsprodukte mark en hidroponiese produksie-gebou word ontwerp om ‘n alternatief te bied vir die supermark en konvensionele voedselproduksie.Hierdie studie reageer op die uitwerking wat huidige voedsel produksie op die natuurlike omgewing het, deur stedelike stelsels en ekostelsels te bestudeer. In reaksie op die bevindings word ‘n nuwe voedsel produksie stelsel en die stedelike koop-en verkoop- kultuur ondersoek. ‘n Varsproduktemark en hidroponiese produksie-gebou word ontwerp om ‘n alternatief te bied vir die supermark en konvensionele voedselproduksie.
Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
unrestricted
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Knuppertz, Alexander. "Shopping centres in Kuala Lumpur: internationalised structural change of the Malaysian retail market." Berlin mbv, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993024106/04.
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Oberg, Conrad. "The market for offshore bank secrecy : an economic psychological analysis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370010.
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Zaman, Md Hasanuz. "Role of major Market centres in the development of police stations in Bagerhat district of Bangladesh." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/338.
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Clarke, Julian Alexander. "Telephone call centres and the labour process : with particular reference to the Nottingham local labour market." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405142.
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Coulondre, Alexandre. "Faire une place au marché : La création des centres commerciaux en France par les promoteurs immobiliers." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090016.
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Cette thèse questionne le développement des centres commerciaux en France. Pour cela, elle analyse l’activité des professionnels dédiés à leur élaboration : les promoteurs d’immobilier commercial. Appréhendés au prisme des projets, les centres commerciaux apparaissent comme des constructions à la fois immobilières, économiques et politiques. Ce sont des biens immobiliers qui prennent la forme de « places de marché ». A ce titre, ils doivent attirer les protagonistes du commerce de détail (commerçants, consommateurs). Mais ils doivent aussi « se faire une place » dans les territoires. Là, les promoteurs sont confrontés aux élus locaux. Le développement des centres commerciaux s’inscrit dès lors dans une tension entre trois modes de définition des projets. Il revient aux promoteurs de les articuler au sein des systèmes d’acteurs qui entourent chaque réalisation. A travers une enquête par entretiens ; un travail d’archives portant sur quatre projets (Bercy Village, Le Millénaire, Odysseum, Ecoparc) ; et des analyses statistiques sur le profil des centres commerciaux en Île-De-France ; cette thèse démontre une tendance récente des promoteurs à prendre en compte la vision des élus engagés activement dans le développement de leurs villes depuis deux décenniesIn this dissertation we study the creation of shopping malls in France. We propose a sociology of market work of retail property developers. As marketplaces creators they have to involve retailers and consumers in their projects. They also have to organize a place for the market inside the cities. Thus, they confront local representatives. As a result these marketplaces creators have to deal with property, retailing and political issues. A tension between three kinds of projects definition emerges. Property developers' activity follows several steps which comprised attempts to articulate this tension. Based on interviews, analyses of four projects (Bercy Village, Le Millénaire, Odysseum, Ecoparc) and a statistical study of the shopping malls profiles in the Île-De-France region, we show that property developers recently follow the vision of local representatives involved in the urban development since the 1990's
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Allgurén, Olivia, and Sanna Patama. "Securing the just-in-time delivery for the after-market : Study at Volvo car customer service." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för maskinteknik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-7786.
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The thesis has been performed at Volvo Car Customer Service in Gothenburg, Sweden. The output from the study will support Volvo to secure the Just-In-Time delivery of referrals for the after-market. The scope was limited to referrals from pre-planned orders, which occurs when there is no availability in the distribution centre where the orders were placed. Volvo's main warehouse in Europe is the Central Distribution Centre, which process referrals. The warehouse had an ongoing organisational change during this study. The concern was that the change would not lead to optimal conditions for processing referrals for different markets. It was therefore important to preserve the market knowledge in order to maintain a reliable referral service. A qualitative study was used and the information was gathered primarily through semi-structured interviews. Literature was studied both initially and continuously through the study. Analyse of the literature, current situation and data collection generated ideas for possible ways of securing the referral process and improvements. Benchmarking and Workshop was also performed in order to obtain further ideas. The result of this study was an information material containing information about all concerned markets, overview of referral flow and information regarding how the Central Distribution Centre needs to print referrals. The proposals suggested for future work were explained in long- and short-term. The short-term suggestions include use of the developed material in order to preserve the knowledge along with providing correct working conditions. For long-term suggestions focus has been on how to reduce or remove the printing problem. For future work Volvo Car Customer Service should consider these proposals in order to secure and improve the referral service.
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Leonard, Simon Brett. "Geographies of labour market regulation : industrial training in Government Training Centres and Skillcentres in Britain and London, 1917-93." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1608/.
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This thesis is concerned with one aspect of the state's intervention into industrial training in Britain, namely the policy programmes which constituted between 1917-93 the Government Training Centre and subsequent Skillcentre networks. These training initiatives are presented as one example of government's attempts at national and local labour market regulation and governance, placed within the context of industrial, social and political change within Britain and Greater London. This analysis of state intervention and policy formulation is set into a theoretical and explanatory framework which is both historically and geographically located. The thesis is structured into three distinct parts. Part one establishes the theoretical framework and is based upon a critique of selected local labour market research maintaining that an interpretation of regulation theory, involving the identification of sub-national landscapes of labour regulation and governance, offers an important basis for the study of labour market process within any particular geographical context. Part two provides a detailed presentation of the development of state-funded adult industrial training in Britain from the instructional factories of 1917, through the subsequent Government Training Centre and Skillcentre initiatives and concluding with the privatisation and eventual closure of the Skillcentre network in 1993. This historical perspective is presented in terms of nine distinct regulatory periods and a series of distinctive geographies of labour market regulation. Part three sets the findings of a survey of Skillcentre trainees in Greater London into this context. Skillcentre catchment areas in London in the early 1980s are identified and interpreted in terms of both contemporary processes of labour market change and the residual consequences of policy formulation and implementation derived under previous conditions of regulatory need. Access to Skillcentre training in the local labour market context of Greater London is seen to be the outcome of the intersection and interaction of a range of economic, social and political processes, operating over time and at a variety of spatial scales.
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Zalewska-Mitura, Anna. "Emerging markets from Central and Eastern Europe : evolving market efficiency, problems of thin trading and price limits." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286193.
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Yavuzer, Ipek. "Market Share Analysis For Shopping Centers In Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605909/index.pdf.
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In the last decade, the changes in living styles of people and shopping activities brought a new concept, &ldquoshopping center&rdquo
. By the time the numbers of shopping centers increased and this big consumption market created a great competition among the investors. The investors had the necessity of examining their market share within the market and other social and spatial factors for the feasibility of their shopping centers. In this thesis considering the need of such a study, a market share analysis is carried out to determine the market share of shopping centers within the competition, analyze the important facts of the market share, estimate the market capacity and potential market regions. Ankara is chosen as the study area since it has an increasing trend for the development of shopping centers. Tthe study is carried out for Armada, Bilkent and 5M Migros shopping centers since they serve for the whole city and have different functions such as recreation, restaurants, cultural activities together with shopping activities. For the analysis a gravity model developed by Lakshmanan and Hansen is used. The model estimates the market share of the centers among regions considering the factors, as accessibility in terms of cost and time, economic conditions of regions, attractiveness of shopping centers and competitors of the market. For the application process Geographic Information Systems ESRI Arc GIS 8.1 and ESRI ArcView 3.2 are used as software to store and manipulate data, build regulations on road network structure, calculate distances and costs, and present maps and results.
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Chen, Chun-Ling Jocelyn 1972. "Placement of engineering centers in emerging market countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17542.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-165).
GM sponsored this research to assist in its decision to establish an engineering center in India. The objective of this research is to understand the benefits and challenges faced by global companies in China and India. The study focused on a few global companies (Delphi, General Electric, and Motorola) that had engineering centers in both China and India. Two sets of data, direct data and indirect data, were collected. Direct data include responses to surveys sent to managers of these companies as well as personal interviews with executives of these companies. Indirect data include economic data and company profiles from the Internet, journals, company reports, and news releases. The data collected indicate that establishing engineering center in emerging market is beneficial to a global company. Companies that establish engineering centers in China usually benefit from their capabilities in manufacturing and customer service. Companies that establish engineering centers in India usually benefit from their knowledge-based services and the availability of English speaking engineers. Major challenges in these countries include cultural differences between the local employees and the headquarters, lack of technical management resources, and government regulations. Overall, the benefits outweigh the challenges. This research concludes that GM should establish a carefully focused technical center in India that focuses on research relevant to emerging markets or on software development that would have potential benefits to GM.
by Chun-Ling Jocelyn Chen.
S.M.
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Öner, Özge. "Experience in Shopping Centers : An Accessibility Analysis of Swedish Shopping Centers." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13734.
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This study aims to investigate how market size impacts the level of economic success, diversity, entertainment, arts, and experience of shopping centers in Sweden. More specifically the paper uses regression analyses to test the relation between different forms of shopping center performance and market size. The results show that the municipality market size plays an important role in all analyzed cases. The results also showed that local labor market size does not have a significant impact on the dependent variables.
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Almeida, Altivo Roberto Andrade de. "O sistema atacadista alimentar brasileiro." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286389.
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Orientador: Walter BelikTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O objetivo central deste estudo é a investigação sobre a evolução, as características atuais e as funções da estrutura atacadista do sistema brasileiro de abastecimento. Parte dos referenciais teóricos da abordagem de sistemas agroalimentares e das contribuições da nova economia institucional, em especial nos fundamentos da Economia dos Custos de Transação para analisar as centrais de abastecimento como estrutura de governança híbrida. A análise do sistema de abastecimento como uma network é utilizada como recurso metodológico para a caracterização do ambiente institucional, os graus de hierarquia presentes e o tipo de relações entre estes agentes, bem como possibilita uma análise das funções das centrais de abastecimento. São analisados os processos e as características da estruturação do Sistema Nacional de Centrais de Abastecimento - SINAC e as condições que determinaram o desmonte deste sistema, visando identificar as heranças presentes, tanto do processo de sua constituição quanto de sua desestruturação. Na parte empírica, delimita e identifica o sistema brasileiro atual, a partir de uma ampla survey. Dentre os principais resultados estão a elaboração de uma tipologia que identifica os entrepostos que mantêm as funções de reunião da produção (local e regional) e aqueles que operam meramente como entrepostos comerciais sem funções sistêmicas. A análise dos padrões mundiais dos sistemas alimentares, baseados nos processos estabelecidos pelas grandes redes de supermercados é colocada como referencial para reestruturação do setor atacadista, através da busca pela diferenciação e agregação de atributos de qualidade aos produtos hortigranjeiros
Abstract: The main objective of this study is research on the development, characteristics and functions of the current structure of the Brazilian wholesale supply. Based on the theoretical approach of agrifood systems, and the contributions of the new institutional economics, especially in the Transaction Cost Economics, to analyze the wholesale markets as a hybrid governance structure. The analysis of the supply system as a network is used as a methodology to characterize the institutional environment, the degree of hierarchy present and the type of relations between these actors, and provides an analysis of the functions of wholesale markets. It analyzes the processes and characteristics of the structure of the National System of Wholesale Markets (SINAC) and the circumstances which led the dismantling of this system, to identify the present legacies of both the process of its formation as its demise. In the empirical part, defines and identifies the current Brazilian system, from a broad survey. Among the main results are the development of a typology that identifies the warehouses that maintain the functions of assembly production (local and regional) and those who operate purely as commercial outlets, without systemic functions. The analysis of global patterns of food systems, based on procedures established by the major supermarket chains is placed as a reference for the restructuring of the wholesale sector through the pursuit of differentiation and aggregation of quality attributes of horticultural products
Doutorado
Politica Economica
Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
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Aveiro, João Paulo Carvalho. "Intervenção do banco central no mercado interbancário." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10686.
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In this work, we studied the literature of the interbank market and how a central bank can improve its functioning. We developed a framework that could accommodate the different models of the interbank market and central bank intervention created from Bryant (1980) and Diamond and Dybvig (1983). With this we show that, in most cases, banks with access to the interbank market are unable to provide the efficient allocation for its consumers. In this environment we find a role for a central bank that, by intervening in the interbank market, is able to induce banks to offer the same allocations that would be provided by a social planner, that is, efficient allocations.
Neste trabalho, estudamos a literatura de mercado interbancário e como um banco central pode melhorar o seu funcionamento. Criamos um framework que pudesse acomodar os diferentes modelos de mercado interbancário e intervenção do banco central criados a partir de Bryant (1980) e Diamond and Dybvig (1983). Com isso mostramos que, em grande parte dos casos, os bancos com acesso ao mercado interbancário são incapazes de prover a alocação eficiente para os seus consumidores. Nesse ambiente, encontramos uma função para um banco central que, ao intervir no mercado interbancário, é capaz de induzir os bancos a oferecerem as mesmas alocações que seriam providas por um planejador central, ou seja, alocações eficientes.
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Costa, Pedro Miguel Mendes Rosa. "Central bank independence and stock market returns." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10466.
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Mestrado em FinançasA independência dos bancos centrais é considerada tanto pela literatura como pelos decisores políticos como essencial para atingir estabilidade nos níveis de inflação estável e bem estar económico a longo prazo nas economias modernas. Geralmente, é uma teoria suportada pela ideia de que a independência dos bancos centrais permite atingir essa estabilidade sem prejudicar outras variáveis da economia. Até agora, e salvo raras exceções, os estudos feitos pela literatura sobre a relação da independência dos bancos centrais e as variáveis macroeconómicas têm negligenciado os retornos agregados dos mercados financeiros. Usando um conjunto de 21 países desenvolvidos, calculamos os respetivos retornos dos índices financeiros utilizando os índices MSCI, cotados em dólares americanos, e testamos se é possível encontrar algum impacto causado pelos vários níveis de independência dos bancos centrais. A nossa análise abrange um período de 20 anos e os resultados levam-nos a concluir que a hipótese de "free lunch" que acompanha os defensores da independência dos bancos centrais não é rejeitada quando estudamos o seu impacto nos retornos dos mercados financeiros.
Central bank independence is regarded by both literature and policymakers as essential for achieving stability in inflation and long term welfare in modern economies, and it is usually supported by the idea that it accomplishes such stability without harming other variables in the economy. Until very recently, the literature studies of its effect on several macroeconomic variables have neglected the analysis of stock market returns. Using a set of 21 developed countries, we calculate the respective yearly stock returns using the MSCI indices, quoted in US Dollars, and test if it is possible to trace an impact caused by the levels of independence of the countries' central banks. Our analysis spans for a period of 20 years and the results lead us to conclude that the free lunch hypothesis behind central bank independence cannot be rejected when its impact is studied on stock market returns.
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Brandt, Wayne M. (Wayne Martin). "Regional shopping centers : creating liquidity in an illiquid market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64865.
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Wong, Chi-wai, and 黃志偉. "Redevelopment of Central Market: an urban node." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31983091.
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Wong, Chi-wai. "Redevelopment of Central Market : an urban node /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25951348.
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Caillet, Florence. "La fabrique des besoins sociaux : la place et les usages des besoins des familles dans la politique d'accueil des jeunes enfants en France." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU1003/document.
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Dans la vie sociale, les besoins sont regardés comme un préalable nécessaire à la définition d’un projet ou à la création d’un service. Pourtant s’ils apparaissent évidents, naturels, ils sont l’objet d’une construction sociale. Cette recherche se propose d’étudier le processus de fabrication des besoins sociaux dans la politique d’accueil des jeunes enfants en France en partant des questions suivantes : comment les besoins adviennent-ils sur la scène publique, dans quelle mesure sont-ils pris en considération, comment sont-ils exprimés ? Trois déterminants des besoins ont été au cœur de l’analyse : le politique, l’individu et le marché. Nous avons montré que les besoins sociaux reçoivent plusieurs formes de « mise en visibilité » pour exister publiquement mais que cette politisation aboutit partiellement à les faire reconnaître comme un vrai problème. Par ailleurs, la reconnaissance des besoins sociaux passe par leur transformation en une « demande sociale ». Dans le secteur de la petite enfance, cette expression est rendue difficile parce que la photographie des besoins qui ressort des enquêtes est très hétérogène, mais aussi en raison de l’existence d’une non-demande (le non-recours au service), et à cause des situations « d’imprévisibilité » dans lesquelles se trouvent les parents par rapport à leur mode d’accueil. Enfin, les besoins sont étroitement liés à ceux qui les couvrent. Dans le cadre du nouveau marché des crèches d’entreprise, un déplacement s’opère : les besoins des familles sont mis en arrière-plan au profit de ceux des entreprises et des collectivités financeurs et potentiels clients des services. Ceci étant, les entreprises de crèches continuent à faire exister les besoins des familles, autrement, de manière plus quantitative, notamment par les plates-formes de réservation de places et par la promotion de deux figures du parent, celle du « salarié-parent » et celle du « parent-prospect »In social life, needs are considered as a necessary prerequisite to the definition of a project or the creation of a service. Though they seem obvious and natural, they result from a social construction. This research sets out to study the making process of social needs regarding child care policy in France from the following questions : how do needs arise on public scene, to what extent are they taken into consideration, how are they expressed ? Three determinative were at the heart of our analysis : politics, market and the individual. We have shown that social needs acknowledge several forms of “visibiliting” so as to exist on public scene but that actually this politicization partially succeeds in making them recognize as a real problem. On the other hand, the recognition of social needs goes through their transformation into one social request. In child care field, this expression turns out to be difficult, because the picture of the needs which emerge from surveys is very heterogeneous, owing to the existence of no-requesting (no-resorting to services), because of some situations of “unpredictability” in which parents cope with child minding. Finally, needs are closely linked to those who cover them. Within the context of the firm child care centres’ new market, a transfer has occurred : families’ needs have been relegated to the background to the profit of the firms and local communities’ ones :services’ financing and potential customers. Yet, market continues making families ‘ needs exist but differently, in a more quantitative way, in particular through child care centres’ websites and also by the promotion of both new faces of the parent : “salaried-parent” and “prospect-parent”
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Van, der Merwe J. M. P. "The impact of Stellenbosch Square on retail buying patterns in Paradyskloof." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1655.
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Scali, Emily Genia. "Central Market: A Study of Architecture as Ecosystem." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34032.
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The city functions as an Urban Ecosystem. As buildings are primary components of this system, each structure must appropriate its environment for the Urban Ecosystem to thrive. Additionally, each building acts as an individual ecosystem. Each building consumes energy, produces waste, and serves as an environment for life to flourish.
This project investigates the study of architecture based on principles of ecology. The building holds a market, culinary school, and restaurants; receiving,transforming, and distributing sustenance to the cityâ s inhabitants while supporting the greater metropolitan area farmers. The building exhibits the ubiquity of nature in the city and helps to revitalize an unhealthy part of Washington, DCâ s Urban Ecosystem.Master of Architecture
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Seerattan, Dave Arnold. "The effectiveness of central bank interventions in the foreign exchange market." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7361.
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The global foreign exchange market is the largest financial market with turnover in this market often outstripping the GDP of countries in which they are located. The dynamics in the foreign exchange market, especially price dynamics, have huge implications for financial asset values, financial returns and volatility in the international financial system. It is therefore an important area of study. Exchange rates have often departed significantly from the level implied by fundamentals and exhibit excessive volatility. This reality creates a role for central bank intervention in this market to keep the rate in line with economic fundamentals and the overall policy mix, to stabilize market expectations and to calm disorderly markets. Studies that attempt to measure the effectiveness of intervention in the foreign exchange market in terms of exchange rate trends and volatility have had mixed results. This, in many cases, reflects the unavailability of data and the weaknesses in the empirical frameworks used to measure effectiveness. This thesis utilises the most recent data available and some of the latest methodological advances to measure the effectiveness of central bank intervention in the foreign exchange markets of a variety of countries. It therefore makes a contribution in the area of applied empirical methodologies for the measurement of the dynamics of intervention in the foreign exchange market. It demonstrates that by using high frequency data and more robust and appropriate empirical methodologies central bank intervention in the foreign exchange market can be effective. Moreover, a framework that takes account of the interactions between different central bank policy instruments and price dynamics, the reaction function of the central bank, different states of the market, liquidity in the market and the profitability of the central bank can improve the effectiveness of measuring the impact of central bank policy in the foreign exchange market and provide useful information to policy makers.
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Bruno, Guilherme Rodrigues. "Mercado Central de Pelotas: a permanência no lugar do consumo." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2818.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
A presente dissertação constitui-se num estudo interpretativo sobre os mercados públicos tradicionais. O trabalho usa como caso piloto o Mercado Central de Pelotas (RS, Brasil), mas relaciona-o com outros casos igualmente pesquisados, como os mercados de Buenos Aires e o antigo mercado de Bagé. A partir desse recorte singelo, o trabalho se propõe a realizar uma interpretação dos fenômenos de consumo urbano, especialmente no tocante à construção, percepção e uso do espaço. Partindo da hipótese de que os mercados públicos tradicionais foram deteriorados para dar lugar aos supermercados, com prejuízos para a economia popular e a qualidade do espaço urbano, o trabalho procura justificar o entendimento de que a sociedade de consumo não edifica, e sim reifica a realidade, a partir da manipulação dos estímulos ambientais, com fins mercadológicos. Processo no qual os arquitetos teriam importância fundamental, como cúmplices ou críticos. Agindo em nome da segunda postura, propõe-se que a memória social dos mercados públicos deve ser preservada como representação do longo período em que o estado funcionou como promotor da economia popular. Os mercados públicos teriam sido equipamentos capazes não só de oferecer gêneros alimentícios a preços acessíveis, como também de promover o empreendedorismo; duas condições das quais carece a conjuntura atual, marcada pela alta dos preços dos alimentos e dos níveis de desemprego urbano. Se tal distorção fosse intrínseca à exploração econômica do solo urbano as cidades nem sequer teriam surgido, no entanto, o que uma breve caracterização das origens da atividade comercial revela é que as cidades se formaram justamente porque a troca permitiu um equilíbrio pacífico entre as demandas e ofertas dos gêneros necessários à preservação da vida. Essa função ancestral das atividades de troca se encontra preservada nos mercados públicos, onde a substituição da gôndola pela banca representa uma respeitosa aproximação face a face entre comerciantes, produtores e consumidores.
This is an interpretive study on the traditional public markets. The study takes for a pilot case Pelotas Central Market (Mercado Central de Pelotas) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, but sets it against other equally surveyed facilities, like Buenos Aires markets and the old Bagé Central Market. Departing from this simple sketch, the task purported to perform an interpretation of the urban consumption phenomena, particularly those referring to the building, perception, and usage of public spaces. Taking the viewpoint that the traditional public markets were ruined to give room to supermarkets and the subsequent damage to the popular economy and deterioration of the urban space, the work means to justify the working hypothesis that the consumption society does not edificate, but reificates the reality from the manipulation of the environmental stimuli with marketing goals, a process in which architects have played a fundamental role as accomplices or critics. Acting in the name of the second ideological viewpoint, it is proposed that the social memory of public markets be preserved as a representation of the long period in which the State has acted as a promoter of popular economy. Public markets have been facilities prepared not only to supply foodstuffs for cheap pricing but to promote entrepreneurship as well, two conditions the present state of the market lacks, as it is marked by the raise of food prices and the levels of urban unemployment. If said distortion had been intrinsic to the economic exploitation of urban soil, towns would not even had been built in the first place. On the contrary, a brief characterization of the origins of commercial activities reveals to us that towns have actually been established because the exchange of goods allowed for a peaceful balance between demand and offer of goods necessary to life preservation. This ancestor role of exchange activities is still preserved in the public markets where the substitution of gondolas by stands represents a respectful approach to the face-to-face dealings between vendors, producers, and consumers.
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Adams, James F. "Money and finance in East Central Europe : from central planning to the market." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291051397.
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Lugo, Mayra. "Exploring the Spa market in Vancouver, British Columbia /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/3629.
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Research Project (M.B.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005.Research Project (Faculty of Business Administration) / Simon Fraser University. Senior supervisor : Dr. Jennifer C. Chang. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41).
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Morrison, Nicola. "Commercial redevelopment process in Glasgow 1980-1991." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363302.
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Alexandre, Paulo Manuel Monteiro. "Contribuição para o estudo das motivações e estratégias de actuação da banca espanhola de média dimensão em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/633.
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Mestrado Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialO sector bancário tem uma inegável importância estratégica nacional dado ser um sector transversal a toda a economia e onde tendencialmente se tenta manter os centros de decisão em mãos nacionais. Temos vindo a observar um grande interesse por parte de instituições financeiras espanholas de média dimensão em actuarem no nosso País, que se consubstancia na abertura de escritórios de representação e sucursais. A finalidade deste trabalho é tentar perceber os objectivos, o percurso realizado, as formas de actuação e a estrutura de decisão das sucursais em Portugal de instituições financeiras espanholas de média dimensão. Testámos também quatro hipóteses de trabalho de investigação: a primeira que relaciona o processo de internacionalização dessas sucursais com a actuação no domínio da banca de retalho; a segunda, respeitando à eventual convergência das estratégias utilizadas para actuação no mesmo segmento de mercado; a terceira, relativa à localização dos centros de decisão e a Quarta, indagando quanto à dependência de recursos externos. Para o efeito, analisámos, através de entrevistas estruturadas, cinco situações que na nossa opinião são representativas do fenómeno, tendo concluído que as hipóteses levantadas foram corroboradas pelo trabalho de campo levado a efeito. Metodologicamente, foi adoptada uma postura abdutiva, caracterizada por um processo de inferência em que se procura formular hipóteses gerais capazes de permitirem explicar determinados factos empíricos.
The banking sector is of unquestionable national strategic importance due to its cross-sectional nature in the economy, thus the attempt to keep the decision centres on national hands. There has been a great interest from average Spanish financial institutions in operating in our country, by means of representation offices and branches. Through this study we are trying to understand the goals, adopted procedures, decision structure and performance achieved so far by the Portuguese branches of average Spanish financial institutions. We have also tested four research hypothesis: the first relates the internationalization process with the retail banking sector; the second regards possible coincident strategies used to operate on that market cluster; the third regards the localization of the decision centers and finally the foreign treasury resources dependence. For the above we analysed, using structured interviews, five situations which in our opinion are quite typical and the field work confirmed the tested hypothesis. Methodologically we used an abductive inference process trying to explain some empirical facts through testing the above mentioned hypothesis.
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Kwok, Sean Zee 1975. "Urban oasis : the central market redevelopment of Hong Kong." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68364.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 81).
In the ultra-urban centers of today, "nature" has become a precious resource that often gets sacrificed in the name of progress and development. The presence of nature has become increasingly elusive in the concrete jungle of present-day metropolises. And in the contemporary urban center of Hong Kong, where development is extensive and population is saturated, this displacement of nature cannot be spared. Looking high above, the Victoria Peak reveals itself in a distance between the crowded towers hugging the hillside; patches of sky are held up by the pinnacles of the numerous skyscrapers; intermittent rays of sunlight penetrates the close-knitted cracks between buildings. Under the pressure of development, the nature of Hong Kong struggles to manifest itself in increasingly fleeting glimpses. As the engine of progress churns on, the repression of nature intensifies in the urban center of Hong Kong. Humanity within its inhabitants is suppressed under more and more layers of desenSitizing urban artificiality. Testing my belief that urbanity does not necessarily precludes nature, my thesis proposes to recover the balance in the contemporary urban life. My thesis investigates the collection, distillation and intensification of the elusive natural forces in today's Hong Kong and using architecture phenomena to raise the awareness of these forces in the minds of its occupants. In my project, I attempt to reveal the "urban nature" of Hong Kong, proposing a humanistic urbanism for the city as an alternative
Sean Zee Kwok.
M.Arch.
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Goyal, Aparajita. "Information technology and rural market performance in Central India." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8126.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Lala-Sonora, Autumn Marie. "Surveying the Field: How Do (and Should) Writing Centers Market and Design." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1591194133726362.
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Martins, António Carlos Pereira Rico. "Segmentação dos mercados nos centros hípicos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/13130.
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O setor equestre e o cavalo desde cedo que acompanham a história de Portugal, mas é um setor com poucos estudos económicos. O presente estudo foca-se nos centros hípicos e estabelece como objetivo geral identificar segmentos de mercado ao nível do público-alvo dos centros hípicos e como objetivos específicos, identificar os critérios e variáveis de segmentação e caracterizar os elementos que compõem cada segmento.
O estudo apresenta a fundamentação teórica sobre a segmentação de mercado, posteriormente sobre centros hípicos e aspetos relacionados. No seguimento explica-se a metodologia, determinam-se os resultados obtidos com base na estatística descritiva e multivariada e finalmente apresentam-se as conclusões.
Conclusivamente verificaram-se 3 segmentos, um segmento de cavaleiros preocupados com a sua carreira desportiva, mas sensíveis ao estatuto social associado, um segundo segmento de indivíduos que gostam da equitação por causa dos cavalos e um terceiro segmento de cavaleiros que apenas pretendem uma carreira no setor; Market Segmentation in Equestrian Centers
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The equestrian market and the horse have a long history in Portugal, but needs to grow in matter of economic studies. The present study focuses on equestrian centers, specifically, aims to identify market segments in equestrian centers, identify the targeting criteria, the respective variables and characterize the individuals of each segment.
The study presents the theoretical background about the market segmentation, the equestrian center and related aspects. Further on, the methodology is explained, the results are determinate with the descriptive and multivariate statistics and finally the conclusions are presented.
Conclusively, 3 segments were identified, one segment of concerned riders with their sports career and their social status, a second segment of respondents who enjoys riding because of horses and finally a segment of riders that are concerned with their sports career without other constraints.
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Kirk, J. "An institutional analysis of shopping centre development and market in Madrid, Spain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445729/.
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This essay will look at the Spanish retail property markets, concentrating specifically on Shopping centres in Madrid. This particular market has developed rapidly over the past 30 years and has gained maturity, depth, breadth and complexity. In an attempt to account for its path of development, this essay will focus on various institutional approaches. It will also attempt to describe and analyse this pathway. The following questions are to be asked: Can institutional approaches to explaining property development be applied to the Madrid shopping centre sector And if so, how can the development of the sector be explained There are a number of key characteristics of the Madrid Shopping Centre property market which this project will attempt to explain and analyse. The table below summarises these main characteristics of the shopping centre Market in Madrid that will be analysed over the course of this essay.
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Jusselin, Paul. "Some aspects of the central role of financial market microstructure : Volatility dynamics, optimal trading and market design." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX025.
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Cette thèse est organisée en trois parties. Dans la première on examine les relations entre la dynamique microscopique et macroscopique du marché en se concentrant sur les propriétés de la volatilité. Dans la deuxième partie on s'intéresse au contrôle optimal stochastique de processus ponctuels. Finalement dans la troisième partie on étudie deux problématiques de market design.On commence cette thèse par l'étude des liens entre le principe d'absence d'opportunité d'arbitrage et l'irrégularité de la volatilité. A l'aide d'une méthode de changement d'échelle on montre que l'on peut effectivement connecter ces deux notions par l'analyse du market impact des métaordres. Plus précisément on modélise le flux des ordres marchés en utilisant des procesus de Hawkes linéaires. Puis on montre que le principe d'absence d'opportunité d'arbitrage ainsi que l'existence d'un market impact non trivial impliquent que la volatilité est rugueuse et plus précisément qu'elle suit un modèle rough Heston. On examine ensuite une classe de modèles microscopiques où le flux d'ordre est un processus de Hawkes quadratique. L'objectif est d'étendre le modèle rough Heston à des modèles continus permettant de reproduire l'effet Zumbach. Finalement on utilise un de ces modèles, le modèle rough Heston quadratique, pour la calibration jointe des nappes de volatilité du SPX et du VIX.Motivé par l'usage intensif de processus ponctuels dans la première partie, on s'intéresse dans la deuxième au contrôle stochastique de processus ponctuels. Notre objectif est de fournir des résultats théoriques en vue d'applications en finance. On commence par considérer le cas du contrôle de processus de Hawkes. On prouve l'existence d'une solution puis l'on propose une méthode permettant d'appliquer ce contrôle en pratique. On examine ensuite les limites d'échelles de problèmes de contrôles stochastiques dans le cadre de modèles de dynamique de population. Plus exactement on considère une suite de modèles de dynamique d'une population discrète qui converge vers un modèle pour une population continue. Pour chacun des modèles on considère un problème de contrôle. On prouve que la suite des contrôles optimaux associés aux modèles discrets converge vers le contrôle optimal associé au modèle continu. Ce résultat repose sur la continuité, par rapport à différents paramètres, de la solution d'une équation différentielle schostatique rétrograde.Dans la dernière partie on s'intéresse à deux problèmatiques de market design. On examine d'abord la question de l'organisation d'un marché liquide de produits dérivés. En se concentrant sur un marché d'options, on propose une méthode en deux étapes pouvant facilement être appliquée en pratique. La première étape consiste à choisir les options qui seront listées sur le marché. Pour cela on utilise un algorithme de quantification qui permet de sélectionner les options les plus demandées par les investisseurs. On propose ensuite une méthode d'incitation tarifaire visant à encourager les market makers à proposer des prix attractifs. On formalise ce problème comme un problème de type principal-agent que l'on résoud explicitement. Finalement, on cherche la durée optimale d'une enchère pour les marchés organisés en enchères séquentielles, le cas de la durée nulle correspondant à celui d'une double enchère continue. On utilise un modèle où les market takers sont en compétition et on considère que la durée optimale est celle correspondant au processus de découverte du prix le plus efficace. Après avoir prouvé l'existence d'un équilibre de Nash pour la compétition entre les market takers, on applique nos résultats sur des données de marchés. Pour la plupart des actifs, la durée optimale se trouve entre 2 et 10 minutesThis thesis is made of three parts. In the first one, we study the connections between the dynamics of the market at the microscopic and macroscopic scales, with a focus on the properties of the volatility. In the second part we deal with optimal control for point processes. Finally in the third part we study two questions of market design.We begin this thesis with studying the links between the no-arbitrage principle and the (ir)regularity of volatility. Using a microscopic to macroscopic approach, we show that we can connect those two notions through the market impact of metaorders. We model the market order flow using linear Hawkes processes and show that the no-arbitrage principle together with the existence of a non-trivial market impact imply that the volatility process has to be rough, more precisely a rough Heston model. Then we study a class of microscopic models where order flows are driven by quadratic Hawkes processes. The objective is to extend the rough Heston model building continuous models that reproduce the feedback of price trends on volatility: the so-called Zumbach effect. We show that using appropriate scaling procedures the microscopic models converge towards price dynamics where volatility is rough and that reproduce the Zumbach effect. Finally we use one of those models, the quadratic rough Heston model, to solve the longstanding problem of joint calibration of SPX and VIX options smiles.Motivated by the extensive use of point processes in the first part of our work we focus in the second part on stochastic control for point processes. Our aim is to provide theoretical guarantees for applications in finance. We begin with considering a general stochastic control problem driven by Hawkes processes. We prove the existence of a solution and more importantly provide a method to implement the optimal control in practice. Then we study the scaling limits of solutions to stochastic control problems in the framework of population modeling. More precisely we consider a sequence of models for the dynamics of a discrete population converging to a model with continuous population. For each model we consider a stochastic control problem. We prove that the sequence of optimal controls associated to the discrete models converges towards the optimal control associated to the continuous model. This result relies on the continuity of the solution to a backward stochastic differential equation with respect to the driving martingale and terminal value.In the last part we address two questions of market design. We are first interested in designing a liquid electronic market of derivatives. We focus on options and propose a two steps method that can be easily applied in practice. The first step is to select the listed options. For this we use a quantization algorithm enabling us to pick the options capturing most of market demand. The second step is to design a make-take fees policy for market makers to incentivize them to set attractive quotes. We formalize this issue as a principal agent problem that we explicitly solve. Finally we look for the optimal auction duration that should be used on a market organized in sequential auctions, the case of auctions with 0 second duration corresponding to the continuous double auctions situation. To do so, we use an agent based model where market takers are competing. We consider that the optimal auction duration is the one leading to the best quality of price formation process. After proving existence of a Nash equilibrium for the competition between market takers we apply our results on stocks market data. We find that for most of the stocks, the optimal auction duration lies between 2 and 10 minutes
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Cowley, Mervyn Wellesley. "Property market forecasts and their valuation implications: a study of the Brisbane central business district office market." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16563/1/Mervyn_Cowley_Thesis.pdf.
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Property market forecasts play a crucial role in modern real estate valuation methodologies and, consequently, flawed forecasts can have adverse impacts on the accuracy of valuations. This thesis identifies property industry inconsistencies in the formulation and application of office rent forecasts adopted in discounted cash flow (DCF) studies used to assess the value of commercial properties and the viability of proposed projects. Existing research on commercial property cycles and office property market modelling is examined in order to identify the dominant market drivers adopted by researchers. Forecasting techniques are also explored towards specifying space and rent models for the Brisbane CBD office market using the perceived dominant drivers as explanatory variables. Surveys of property valuers and developers are undertaken to underpin the selection of these variables. The implications of varying rent forecasts applied in DCF based valuation assessments are tested through the use of a case study involving four Brisbane office buildings. Innovative research is conducted through adopting geographic information system supported land use and historical valuation studies to delineate market precincts within the Brisbane CBD. The rent model is then re-estimated using precinct based office rent data to allow the generation of forecasts for the individual precincts. Out-of-sample accuracy test results for the precinct forecasts are compared with the results produced by the model specified using whole-of-city data.
The literature reviews, surveys and model testing determine a relatively consistent range of dominant explanatory variables applicable to office markets. The case study, in a local context, confirms that varying forecasts do have a significant impact on property valuations. Tests of the forecast results generated by the Brisbane CBD model provide some evidence that more plausible office rent forecasts stem from the use of market models as compared with solely applying professional judgement based forecasts. Subject to data availability limitations, the precinct based rent model is found to produce rent forecasts superior to those generated by the whole-of-city model. Finally, the thesis makes a range of industry recommendations towards enhancing forecasts and recommendations are also made for potential future research projects.
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Cowley, Mervyn Wellesley. "Property market forecasts and their valuation implications: a study of the Brisbane central business district office market." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16563/.
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Property market forecasts play a crucial role in modern real estate valuation methodologies and, consequently, flawed forecasts can have adverse impacts on the accuracy of valuations. This thesis identifies property industry inconsistencies in the formulation and application of office rent forecasts adopted in discounted cash flow (DCF) studies used to assess the value of commercial properties and the viability of proposed projects. Existing research on commercial property cycles and office property market modelling is examined in order to identify the dominant market drivers adopted by researchers. Forecasting techniques are also explored towards specifying space and rent models for the Brisbane CBD office market using the perceived dominant drivers as explanatory variables. Surveys of property valuers and developers are undertaken to underpin the selection of these variables. The implications of varying rent forecasts applied in DCF based valuation assessments are tested through the use of a case study involving four Brisbane office buildings. Innovative research is conducted through adopting geographic information system supported land use and historical valuation studies to delineate market precincts within the Brisbane CBD. The rent model is then re-estimated using precinct based office rent data to allow the generation of forecasts for the individual precincts. Out-of-sample accuracy test results for the precinct forecasts are compared with the results produced by the model specified using whole-of-city data. The literature reviews, surveys and model testing determine a relatively consistent range of dominant explanatory variables applicable to office markets. The case study, in a local context, confirms that varying forecasts do have a significant impact on property valuations. Tests of the forecast results generated by the Brisbane CBD model provide some evidence that more plausible office rent forecasts stem from the use of market models as compared with solely applying professional judgement based forecasts. Subject to data availability limitations, the precinct based rent model is found to produce rent forecasts superior to those generated by the whole-of-city model. Finally, the thesis makes a range of industry recommendations towards enhancing forecasts and recommendations are also made for potential future research projects.
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Nilsson, Mao-Wei. "Stock Market And Economic Growth In Central Eastern European Countries." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-26072.
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The initial efforts of transformation to market economies in transaction economy countries are to increase tighter links to modern eastern countries and one of the topics is the stock market. Empirical evidence suggests that the stock market can affect the economic growth. On the other hand, economic growth can affect the investments on the stock market by increasing the expectations of future economic growth. In this paper, I explore the possibility of the reverse causality between the stock market and economic growth in fourteen Central Eastern European (CEE) countries during 1998 to 2009. Mixed evidences indicate that the stock market is exogenous and has a positive effect on the economic growth. However, the results are ambiguous because they depend on the measurement of the stock market and the country settings.
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Dmitrijeva, Jekaterina. "Unemployment and labour market policy in Central and Eastern Europe." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0002/document.
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Transition vers l’économie de marché et accession a l’Union Européenne ont profondément modifié la structure et le fonctionnement des économies d’Europe Centrale et de l’Est. Cette thèse propose une analyse des évolutions observées sur les marchés du travail régionaux et nationaux des nouveaux pays membres de l’Union Européenne ainsi qu’une évaluation des politiques publiques mises en œuvre dans ce contexte de transition économique. L’analyse du processus d’appariement entre travailleurs et employeurs révèle l’importance de la demande de travail dans la création de nouvelles embauches en Lettonie, Slovénie et Estonie et souligne la nécessité d’intégrer flux (chômeurs et emplois vacants) et effets spatiaux dans la modélisation. L’efficacité des politiques publiques est attestée au niveau macro et microéconomiques et démontre l’influence positive des programmes de formation sur les taux de sortie du chômage et l’employabilité des participantsDuring the transition to market economy and the accession to the EU Central and Eastern European countries have witnessed remarkable changes in the structure and functioning of national economies. This thesis aims to assess the development of aggregate and regional labour markets in new EU member states through this eventful period and to investigate the role of active labour market policy in moderating the consequences of transitional shock and improving the performance of the labour market. The analysis of the process of worker-firm matching in Latvia, Slovenia and Estonia reveals that in transition - EU accession context the hiring process is labour demand driven and displays the existence of stock-flow patterns and spatial spillovers. The effects of ALMP programs are confirmed to be positive at both macroeconomic and individual levels: involvement of unemployed in training increases aggregate outflows from unemployment to jobs and increases individual employability of participants
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Dmitrijeva, Jekaterina Laurent Thierry. "Unemployment and labour market policy in Central and Eastern Europe." S. l. : Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2008/2008EVRY0002.pdf.
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Meira, Roberta Barros. "A quimera da modernização: do terceiro distrito de engenhos centrais ao complexo agroindustrial sucroalcooleiro paulista, mineiro e fluminense. 1875-1926." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-10042013-130149/.
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Essa tese tem por objetivo analisar o crescimento da produção açucareira em Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. A primeira parte preocupa-se com o uso dado as ideias associativistas nesta área e a montagem dos engenhos centrais. A segunda chama a atenção para a transformação destes engenhos centrais em usinas e a ampliação da importância do açúcar nesta que ainda seria uma área secundária da produção açucareira. Na última parte analisam-se as características específicas da introdução de avanços técnicos no cultivo da cana. Encontra-se em comum em todo o estudo a tentativa de contribuir para a melhor compreensão de questões como a importância do crescimento do mercado interno, a atuação do Estado no processo de modernização da indústria açucareira nesta área, a inter-relação que se criou entre o café e o açúcar e o papel desempenhado pelos outros subprodutos da cana, como o álcool e a aguardente. Como não foi um contexto isolado que lastrearia o que se afirmou neste trabalho, embora a delimitação dos seus contornos regionais seja clara, explorou-se tanto a influência da realidade mundial na produção açucareira destes estados como também a de um campo menor, mas essencial: o Norte. Buscou-se conseguir na abertura que se deu ao tema uma visão menos fragmentada da indústria sucroalcooleira mineira, fluminense e paulista se valendo de um conjunto de fontes primárias constituídas por fontes oficiais, periódicos agrícolas, relatórios técnicos e uma documentação produzida pelos próprios produtores de açúcar.The objective of this thesis is to analyze the growth of sugar production in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The first part of it deals with the utilization the ideas of the associativism in the area and the construction of central sugar mills. The objective of the second part is to call the attention to the transformation of such central sugar mills into modern mills and the enlargement of the importance of sugar in the secondary area of sugar production. In the last part of this thesis, some characteristics have been analyzed for the introduction of technical improvements in the cultivation of sugar cane. Attempts towards the contribution for a better comprehension of several factors, such as the importance of the internal market growth, the participation of the State in the modernization process of the sugar industry in this area and the interrelation between coffee and sugar are present throughout the whole study, as well as the role performed by other sugarcane sub products, such as alcohol and sugar cane spirits (aguardente). As no isolated context would support the present work, although the limitation of its regional outlines is clear the influence of the worldwide sugar production reality has been explored as well as the one existing in another smaller field, although essential, the North. The beginning of this work has dealt with a less fragmented vision of the sugar-ethanol industry in Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo through a set of primary sources obtained by official sources, technical reports and a documentation produced by the sugar producers themselves.
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Daniau, Anaïs. "L'animation politique des marchés : le management commercial au service de la gestion des centres urbains." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20088.
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Depuis les années 1970, l’organisation du commerce urbain s’est imposée comme un enjeu central pour les collectivités locales. La mise à l’agenda de situations problématiques impliquant le commerce a encouragé l’émergence de nouveaux métiers et de politiques publiques visant à prendre en charge ces problématiques. Cette thèse se donne pour objectif d’analyser l’émergence et le rôle de nouveaux professionnels chargés d’organiser l’offre commerciale des centres-villes : les managers de centre-ville. Au croisement de la sociologie des marchés et des analyses de l’action publique, la thèse analyse les dynamiques professionnelles, marchandes, urbaines et politiques sous-jacentes à l’organisation du commerce urbain. La première partie de la thèse retrace l’histoire de la régulation du commerce urbain et révèle les controverses que de telles interventions suscitent. La deuxième partie porte sur le processus de professionnalisation du métier de manager de centre-ville afin de montrer comment ce métier, promu par le secteur privé, fut petit à petit récupéré par les collectivités locales comme un outil de gouvernement des acteurs économiques. À partir d’une étude de cas menée sur la politique de Toulouse, la troisième partie de la thèse expose les conditions dans lesquelles cette politique a pu se déployer et se maintenir dans un contexte d’alternance politique. L’observation réalisée auprès du manager de centre-ville montre ensuite les différences facettes de son pouvoir et les objectifs qu’il poursuit. Dans la même optique, l’analyse d’une opération municipale d’acquisition de boutiques sur deux quartiers populaires du centre-ville, dévoile que l’objectif de diversification commerciale affiché par les élus locaux masque des ambitions de contrôle social des espaces publics et privés. En conclusion, cette thèse contribue à documenter les liens existants entre animation des marchés et production urbaine par l’étude du travail politique et marchand des managers de centre-villeSince the 1970s, the organization of urban shopping has emerged as a central issue for local authorities. Putting problematic situations involving retail trade one the policy agenda has encouraged the emergence of new professions and public policies aimed at shaping the retail offer of cities. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the emergence and role of new professionals in charge of organizing the commercial offer of city centres: city centre managers. At the crossroads of economic sociology and the sociology of public policies, this thesis analyzes the professional, market, urban and political dynamics that regulate urban shopping organization. The first part of the thesis relates how public interventions tried to control retail development for decades and reveals the controversies that such operations could generate. The second part deals with the process of professionalization of city centre managers and shows how local authorities gradually invested in this profession created by private sector. Then, the third part describes a case study of Toulouse’s retail policy. It sets out the conditions under which this policy was set up and maintained in a context of political changeover. The shadowing method carried out with the city centre manager highlights the different facets of his power and the goals he pursues. In the same vein, the last part analyzes municipal acquisition of shops in two popular downtown districts and shows that the formel goal of retail diversification hides ambitions of social control on public and private spaces. In conclusion, this research contribues to documenting the links between market animation and urban production by studying the political and commercial work of town centre managers
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Hemple, James Grant. "The productization of services : a market-centred approach to shaping collaboration and innovation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/39010/.
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The aim of this thesis is to explore how the productization of services is organised as a way of facilitating collaboration and arranging innovation. To achieve this the study is situated within the Business-to-Business (B2B) Marketing discipline and draws on the theoretical perspectives of Market Studies. The central theoretical focus of the thesis unfolds against three distinct but interrelated research questions: How is productization mobilised and exchanged by market actors? What effect does marketization have on market shaping practices? How does a firm’s business model facilitate its ability to organise and capture value? The case firm selected as the context of enquiry was a large Scottish public utility firm that delivered two key utility services to consumers and operates within a unique and complex regulatory framework. Adopting a pragmatic research philosophy based on abductive reasoning, a multi-method qualitative study was undertaken, and empirical data collected using a single case study approach. The study theoretically contributes to Marketing Studies by unpacking the performativity of the marketing object, which is found to be purposefully, consistently and temporarily destabilised and re-stabilised by actors, as they undertake agentic calculations during the productization processes. Further, the findings advance business model theory by illustrating the plurality of co-existing business models within a single firm, which dynamically span boundaries. The findings show that co-existing business models were wrapped in a collaborative spatio-temporal nature, and that this is framed through the six-year regulatory investment periods enforced upon the large public utility firm by regulators. The findings further contribute that the use of market devices are fundamental in the ability to shape market practice, demonstrated as case actors struggle to singularize the device due to lack of sound calculative abilities, resulting in attempts of qualification, which adds to the theoretical view that market devices need to be refined and calibrated. The main contribution of the thesis to practice demonstrates that organisations seeking to productize should fundamentally consider the context of the market, and industry that they exchange within. This thesis demonstrates that adopting a productized service offering will augment the knowledge and expertise required by the business to deliver value to its consumers and require restabilising of market practices.
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Johansen, Helene P. M. "Re-conceptualising party-centred politics in terms of 'market' : a relationship marketing approach." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2542/.
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This study is an inter-disciplinary theoretical endeavour which situates itself at the interface between marketing and political science and which contributes to both political marketing and political science perspectives. It emerges from the proposition that there are important differences between the workings of party-centred political systems as practiced in many of the well established democracies in Northern/Western Europe and candidate-centred systems such as in the United States. The latter are characterised predominantly by self-introduced political entrepreneurs who capture the nomination of a political party while the former are mainly constructed around the workings of membership parties that allow, encourage and facilitate party members' and associated members' participation in intra-party production processes (of policy and representatives). While these differences are acknowledged by interested political marketing and political science scholars, such insights have yet to penetrate at the level of theory. As a result, significant aspects of party-centred political realities are rendered theoretically invisible or they are misrepresented in these literatures. This study aimed to remedy these shortcomings through the application and extension of an alternative marketing framework - that is, the relationship marketing framework - which departs from the managerial marketing framework which is most often applied cross- contextually in the contemporary political marketing literature. The thesis offers a problematising re-description - a theoretical rethinking - of how party-centred political contexts may be understood in terms of "markets". The theoretical argument is constituted, firstly, by the methodological procedure involving an independent critical and reflexive analysis; and secondly, through the introduction of a theoretical contextual distinction between markets for 'high-touch labour-intensive services' (on the one hand) and ordinary goods and commoditised services (on the other); Together these aid in the development of a set of conceptual models aimed at furthering our understanding of party-centred politics in terms of "markets" and at helping to distinguish them theoretically from candidate-centred systems such as those in the United States. The argument contributes to scholarly debates devoted to understanding the dynamics of party-centred politics within both the political marketing and political science analytical traditions. The analysis also helps to shed theoretical light on the different types of political power that party-centred and candidate-centred systems potentially make available to their citizens, thereby contributing an enhanced understanding of different categories of democracy.
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Ehlert, Mark William. "Estimates of the impact of performance-based funding on the labor market effectiveness of Missouri's area vocational-technical schools /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901235.
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Macias, Lloret Mario. "Business-driven resource allocation and management for data centres in cloud computing markets." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144562.
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Cloud Computing markets arise as an efficient way to allocate resources for the execution of tasks and services within a set of geographically dispersed providers from different organisations. Client applications and service providers meet in a market and negotiate for the sales of services by means of the signature of a Service Level Agreement that contains the Quality of Service terms that the Cloud provider has to guarantee by managing properly its resources.
Current implementations of Cloud markets suffer from a lack of information flow between the negotiating agents, which sell the resources, and the resource managers that allocate the resources to fulfil the agreed Quality of Service. This thesis establishes an intermediate layer between the market agents and the resource managers. In consequence, agents can perform accurate negotiations by considering the status of the resources in their negotiation models, and providers can manage their resources considering both the performance and the business objectives. This thesis defines a set of policies for the negotiation and enforcement of Service Level Agreements. Such policies deal with different Business-Level Objectives: maximisation of the revenue, classification of clients, trust and reputation maximisation, and risk minimisation. This thesis demonstrates the effectiveness of such policies by means of fine-grained simulations.
A pricing model may be influenced by many parameters. The weight of such parameters within the final model is not always known, or it can change as the market environment evolves. This thesis models and evaluates how the providers can self-adapt to changing environments by means of genetic algorithms. Providers that rapidly adapt to changes in the environment achieve higher revenues than providers that do not.
Policies are usually conceived for the short term: they model the behaviour of the system by considering the current status and the expected immediate after their application. This thesis defines and evaluates a trust and reputation system that enforces providers to consider the impact of their decisions in the long term. The trust and reputation system expels providers and clients with dishonest behaviour, and providers that consider the impact of their reputation in their actions improve on the achievement of their Business-Level Objectives.
Finally, this thesis studies the risk as the effects of the uncertainty over the expected outcomes of cloud providers. The particularities of cloud appliances as a set of interconnected resources are studied, as well as how the risk is propagated through the linked nodes. Incorporating risk models helps providers differentiate Service Level Agreements according to their risk, take preventive actions in the focus of the risk, and pricing accordingly. Applying risk management raises the fulfilment rate of the Service-Level Agreements and increases the profit of the provider
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Snow, Byron. "Finding the Maputo Central Market (Mercardo Central de Maputo) : seeing the informal economy in formal architecture." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30015.
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The low-lying Baixa area of Maputo, is the historic and current city centre of Maputo. The district is an important transport hub, and business centre of Mozambique. The Mercado Central de Maputo (Maputo Central Market), is the only infrastructure provided in support of the micro-enterprisers and traders of the city. The Central Market has reached capacity, and informal street markets have developed to the north. These have become fractured and disconnected from facilities that allow for clean, comfortable, hygienic trade, and a healthier business environment. The architectural proposal offers a solution to the current inadequate trader infrastructure, while also recognizing the area’s heritage and economic significance. The fluxing character of the market is also important in the design. Promotion of micro-enterprise and consequent economic growth will be achieved through an upgrade and expansion of market related facilities. This will allow a greater number of marginalised vendors formal recognition and legitimacy. The intervention will act as a catalyst project in the urban regeneration, through the consolidation of the fractured market areas. Increasing the market’s drawing power on potential customers will promote the Central Market as a destination within its own right.Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
unrestricted
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Tůmová, Kateřina. "Analýza výkonnosti investičních kovů a mincí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-116482.
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This project deals with historical precious metals price development as gold, silver, platinum and palladium in connection to analysis of the precious metals investment benefits. There are discussed international market prices and retail prices as well. There is also mentioned the issue of price structure from the premium and other costs point of view, including possible risks coupled with investment. Approximated are also basic terms and forms of investment metals, alternative options of precious metals investment as well. The project also includes the issue of tax investment aspects and other advantages connected to it. Further there is indicated medial disinformation criticism and insufficient legal support for customers investing to the precious metals.