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Zhou, Bin. "A Study of Cross-Market Branch Banking in Illinois." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 7, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2016010101.
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This paper investigates the role of a host of geographical factors in shaping the cross-market branch banking network, using Illinois as a case study. The study adopts the multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure from social network analysis in non-parametric estimation. The research finds that cross-market branch banking is subject to distance decay. While the urban place hierarchy (including market size and population density) contributes positively to the role of places as control centers, its role in forming cross-market branch banking markets is more profound. The network centrality contributes positively to places' role as market centers, as does market concentration. Income level is positively associated with the role of control centers. Inward interstate banking tends to weaken the role of a place as a control center and market center. The information, art/entertainment, and government sectors play a positive role in attracting branch banking while the role of the retail is negative. The information industry is also a positive factor in forming control centers.
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Fossum, Drew J. "Market centers: Successful development required market rates." Natural Gas 11, no. 7 (January 9, 2007): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.3410110703.
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Sukmawati, Dety, and Euis Dasipah. "Pembentukan Harga Cabai Merah Keriting Secara Teoritis Dan Empiris." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 9, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v9i2.283.
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High demand for curly red chilies will cause prices to rise while production cannot fulfill consumer desires. This situation was caused by an imbalance of supply-demand, where the supply-demand imbalance can be caused by several changes such as changes in production technology, population growth or number of consumers, changes in income levels per capita and season (., Asriani, and Rasyid 2012). Research data as research subjects were 1) Price time series data, curly red chili production at production centers 2) Supply data of curly red chilies from Cikajang Garut Regency, Caringin Central Market, Gedebage Main Market and Kramat Jati Central Market, 3) Time series data price, production, supply, government policies and supporting data from the West Java Food Crops Agriculture Office, and related agencies. The data used were time series data and supporting data from: Price information centers in production centers, main markets and price information at the West Java Food Crops Agricultural Service, for each marketing agency data was carried out by tracing the marketing chain. The research analysis was carried out in several ways, namely theoretically and empirically at the production center and the wholesale market described descriptively. Theoretical price formation can be explained that prices was formed based on supply and demand. Prices derived from price formation can come from the District or Provincial Agriculture Office and be informed from the Commodity Price Information Center in production centers and forwarded to farmers, dealers, traders and wholesale markets. Price information can be conveyed to between market players, so that farmers and market players know your margin and profit. Empirically, it can be seen that price formation in production centers was not seen to be formed from supply and demand. The price in the wholesale market is the price determined by market players in the wholesale market based on the amount of supply entering the main market and price information between the parent markets. The information center at PIKJ does not have production data from production centers so that when the price hike occurs, the version of the Ministry of Agriculture is imports of chilies ("specifically for curly red chilies, there are no imports"). Imports indicate that the production / supply decreases without knowing the actual amount of production, in this case the price information speed was faster than the production data that was informed per year so that prices in farmers still do not increase, meaning that farmers do not enjoy price increases, in this case it can be said that market mechanism was not working well.
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Islam, Md Morshedul. "Spatial Distribution of Market Centers." International Research Journal of Business Studies 10, no. 3 (March 9, 2018): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.10.3.135-146.
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Irada Sinta, Intan Aulia Sari, Ulfa Yulinazira, and Siti Munawiroh. "GLOBAL MARKETS AND BUSINESS CENTERS." International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) 2, no. 7 (June 30, 2023): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v2i7.230.
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This paper discusses global markets and international business and their impact on companies and the economy at large. The global market includes international trade activities, cross-border investment, and inter-country economic integration. International business involves multinational corporations, global supply chains and international financial transactions. In the context of global markets, companies have wider access to larger markets, increase sales opportunities and diversify risks. They can access resources and labor that are not available in their home countries. However, engaging in international trade also involves challenges such as cultural differences, laws, regulations, and economic and political risks. International trade plays an important role in the economic growth of a country. It facilitates the flow of goods, services and capital between countries, increases productivity, creates jobs and strengthens economic dependence between countries. To trade in global markets, companies must understand international trade regulations, build strategic partnerships, and take advantage of technological advances to facilitate global communications and transactions. In addition, companies also need to manage risks related to currency fluctuations, changes in trade policies, and operational risks in foreign markets. Through careful research, in-depth market analysis and the use of the right strategies, companies can successfully trade with the world, increase their competitive advantage and achieve sustainable growth in an era of ever-evolving global markets.
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Rantlo, Ashby Montoeli, Molulela Tsoako, and Brian Muroyiwa. "Institutional Factors Influencing Diary Farmers Participation in Formal and Informal Milk Markets in Maseru Urban, Lesotho, South Africa." Journal of Agricultural Extension 24, no. 2 (May 10, 2020): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i2.6.
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The study assessed institutional factors influencing participation in milk markets in Maseru urban. Thirty (30) diary farmers were selected using structured questionnaires. Data were analysed using percentage and logit regression model. Results showed that dairy farmers (60%) used formal market channels more than informal market channels (40%). Market information (0.083), membership in organization and collective action (0.088), government support (0.036) and contractual agreements (0.034) influence participation in formal markets while social capital (0.036), path dependency (0.043), delayed payments (0.084) and distance to milk collection centres (0.054) influence participation in the informal markets. Advance payments should be introduced; institutional support system developed as well as the decentralisation of the milk collection centers or points.
Keywords: Market participation, institutional factors, milk markets, dairy farmers
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Baidoo, Isaac, Mawumefa Akusika Diaba, Amy Eshun Atiwoto, and Kingsley Odum Sam. "Economic Valuation of Three Selected Market Centers in Accra, Ghana." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. III (2024): 2590–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.803180.
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Market centers serve as vital economic hubs where transactions occur, impacting local economies profoundly. However, understanding the nuanced socio-economic dynamics within these centers remains crucial for informed policymaking and sustainable development. This study delves into the intricacies of market centers in Accra, Ghana, focusing on the Makola, Dome, and Madina markets. Drawing on established literature in market dynamics and economic development, the research employs a multi-method approach to analyze market users’ demographics, travel behaviors, and their willingness to invest in market infrastructure improvements. By addressing the specific problem of inquiry, namely, the need to comprehend the socio-economic factors influencing market participation and investment in market infrastructure, this study aims to provide actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders. Through structured questionnaires and statistical analysis, the study uncovers nuanced insights into the pivotal role of market centers in local economies. Findings underscore the predominance of female market participants, the significant economic contributions of market centers, and the readiness of stakeholders to contribute to market improvements. By integrating theoretical frameworks like the travel cost method and willingness to pay assessments, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the socio-economic dynamics shaping market participation. The study concludes with recommendations advocating for government intervention, community engagement, and targeted infrastructure investments to promote sustainable market development and foster economic resilience within local communities.
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Sinha, RIshabh. "Understanding In-Depth About Data Centre Security: Core Concepts & Market Growth." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42265.
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Abstract: Enterprises often perceive Data Centers as a key resource and demand dedicated security initiatives. Further, the emergence of security of the Data Center is playing a critical role in security-critical applications and data in a virtualized environment through optimal safeguarding. The providers of the Data Center have increased their focus. They have shown their participation in the market by enhancing products to augment the increasing demand for Data Center security solutions to address the rising needs of growing industries. This paper discusses various concepts of Data Center security along with its projected market growth on a global level. Keywords: Data Centers, Data Center Security, Data Center Security Importance, Data Center Security Market Growth, Data Center Security Practices
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Willett, Robert E. "Market centers have already achieved purpose." Natural Gas 11, no. 5 (August 20, 2008): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.3410110506.
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Carey, Kathleen. "Ambulatory Surgery Centers and Prices in Hospital Outpatient Departments." Medical Care Research and Review 74, no. 2 (August 3, 2016): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558716633010.
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Specialty providers claim to offer a new competitive benchmark for efficient delivery of health care. This article explores this view by examining evidence for price competition between ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs). I studied the impact of ASC market presence on actual prices paid to HOPDs during 2007-2010 for four common surgical procedures that were performed in both provider types. For the procedures examined, HOPDs received payments from commercial insurers in the range of 3.25% to 5.15% lower for each additional ASC per 100,000 persons in a market. HOPDs may have less negotiating leverage with commercial insurers on price in markets with high ASC market penetration, resulting in relatively lower prices.
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Cordero-Guzmán, Héctor R., Pamela A. Izvănariu, and Victor Narro. "The Development of Sectoral Worker Center Networks." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 647, no. 1 (April 5, 2013): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716212474647.
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In this article, we argue that understanding the impact of economic structures on low-wage workers requires the study of emerging worker centers and networks and that individual labor market outcomes and experiences are mediated and impacted by the work of these institutions. We focus on the formation of sectoral worker center networks and address three key issues: (1) What are some of the reasons why worker centers and worker center networks have developed? (2) How do these organizations manage their roles as labor market institutions and social movement organizations? and (3) Why did worker center networks focus on employment and in particular sectors of the low-wage labor market? We find that sector-based organizing (1) facilitates the development of worker- and sector-targeted service strategies, thereby enabling low-wage worker groups and organizations to better achieve their service and policy goals; (2) maximizes opportunities for the organizations to obtain national resources; and (3) expands the reach of organizational networks by bringing organizations together to share resources and best practices. By providing a range of worker-, employment-, and labor market–centered services in specific labor market sectors, worker centers and their networks solidify their role as labor market institutions and become more effective advocacy and social movement organizations.
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Posokhov, Igor, and Irina Novik. "HONG KONG, SINGAPORE, UKRAINE – THE GENESIS OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CENTERS, THE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT OF UKRAINE." Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2022.2.7.
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The analysis of the features of the formation of the world financial centers of the Asia-Pacific region has been carried out. The study showed that the experience of Singapore and Hong Kong shows that attracting the best specialists can turn into a prosperous country, an international financial center. Ukraine has great opportunities and resources for development, it has the potential to become one of the leading financial centers, but for this it is necessary to adopt the experience of establishing existing international financial centers, take into account strengths and weaknesses, develop its own unique development concept, train qualified specialists, provide support all spheres of the country's activities for their development. The features of the formation of the world financial centers of the Asia-Pacific region are highlighted: an advantageous geographical position on the routes of regional and world trade, close communication ties with London and the presence of a preferential tax regime; Singapore is the financial center of the countries of Southeast Asia with a developed set of all components, namely: a developed gold market, a developed foreign exchange market; a developed bank lending market and a developed stock market; Hong Kong is the second international financial center in terms of IPO and the second stock market in Asia, has representative offices of 70 largest banks in the world; close partnership (cooperation) of the financial centers of Hong Kong and Shanghai and the support of investors and the market as a whole; the growth of the role of the world economy in the world and the development of the specialization
of international financial centers. Proposals for the gradual transformation of Ukraine into a global financial center have been developed: programs for state regulation and support of the education system to gradually improve the efficiency of the level of education: significant retraining of specialists, free state training programs, increased funding for the education sector; reform of the medical system is a factor contributing to attracting foreign investment, both in the medical and industrial sectors, solving the problem of labor migration of medical workers due to their low wages; development and implementation of anti-corruption measures; development of the financial sector of Ukraine (banking, stock, insurance market, etc.) in order to achieve the status of "International Financial Center"; creating conditions for attracting public and private investments in the financial sector, improving the legislative and tax policy of the financial sector.
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Weijs-Perrée, Minou, Rianne Appel-Meulenbroek, Bauke De Vries, and Georges Romme. "Differences between business center concepts in The Netherlands." Property Management 34, no. 2 (April 18, 2016): 100–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-04-2015-0015.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the objectives, tenants, spaces and services of different business center concepts and test whether the existing classifications in literature and in the real estate market draw on significantly different concepts. Design/methodology/approach – After a literature review, data on business centers were collected with a questionnaire among owners/mangers of 139 business centers in the Netherlands. The existing business center concepts are examined whether these concepts are significantly different, using bivariate analyses. Findings – The findings of this study give insight into the business center market, the existing business center concepts and (dis)similarities between the concepts. Although many dissimilarities were found between the business center concepts, like offered services, social spaces and contractual agreements, findings show that the four business center concepts can be offered in similar objects. Originality/value – New ideas about working and the work environment have caused the business center market to become more differentiated. Some studies have attempted to classify the business center market into several categories or analyzed in detail one specific business center concept. However, these studies did not describe in detail the differences between the concepts. Also there is hardly any empirical research on this sector. This paper addresses gaps in previous research on business centers and demonstrates that there are significant (dis)similarities between the existing business center concepts.
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Silva, Lucas Carvalho e., Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva, and Antônio Carlos Santos. "Flower and ornamental plants wholesale markets in Brazil." Ornamental Horticulture 21, no. 1 (April 16, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/rbho.v21i1.776.
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In Brazil, formal wholesale trade of floriculture products is concentrated in the state of São Paulo, which represents 90% of the national market. Through the most diverse sales systems, wholesale trade of flowers and ornamental plants is in expansion and is carried out both in supply centers and sales centers. The aim of this study is to present the characteristics, dynamics, and history of trade in the main flower and ornamental plant wholesale markets in Brazil. To analyze these markets, we collected primary data provided by the wholesale markets themselves and secondary data obtained from bibliographic research. The wholesale flower and ornamental plant market in Brazil is concentrated in the state of São Paulo, although there are supply centers in other states. This market is mainly formed by Veiling Holambra, CEASA/Campinas, CEAGESP-ETSP, and Cooperflora/Floranet, with transactions of more than R$ 732 million/year, and 48.77% of this amount is through Veiling Holambra.
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Sokhatska, Hanna. "Creation of Adaptive LMS Systems in Postgraduate Education." Journal of Education in Black Sea Region 5, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/jebs.v5i1.186.
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The article considers the development of the market for postgraduate education in the context of requirements of Industry 4.0. The composition of the main providers of the educational services market has been determined. Among them are groups of universities, consulting and educational centres and business schools. The most significant for retraining of personnel are traditional universities and corporate training centres. They allow to effectively achieving students the required level of competence through a highly specialized training program. Universities also build a curriculum based on a competence-oriented approach. However, in fact, the actual needs of business in qualifying personnel are insufficiently taken into consideration in state education standards, which leads to the labour market imbalance. For adapting the existing training system to the new conditions a flexible LMS model has been proposed. It is based on the interaction of business, training centers and the labor market (student). Filling the LMS in such an ‘ecosystem’ occurs in accordance with the needs of enterprises in the field of qualification of the necessary personnel. As a result, the university or training center provides the necessary tools in the modular LMS, taking into account the prospects for the development of markets in the Industry 4.0. The student sets up the LMS for his individual needs and obtains precisely those skills and competencies that will enable him to become a competitive employee. Therefore, the company receives qualified personnel with a set of necessary competencies. Such an ‘ecosystem’ allows a flexible adaptation of the content of the educational process to the needs of all participants in the training. Using the proposed approach will ensure sustainable competitiveness of companies by providing the necessary personnel, students - to get the most popular skills and high qualifications, and training centers - to ensure high quality and demand for their educational services.
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Hatch, Brian, Robert Battalio, and Robert Jennings. "Post-Reform Market-Order Execution Quality: Multidimensional Comparisons Across Market Centers." Financial Review 36, no. 3 (August 2001): 123–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.2001.tb00023.x.
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Lu, Chin-Shan. "Market segment evaluation and international distribution centers." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 39, no. 1 (January 2003): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1366-5545(02)00022-4.
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Dawson, John A. "Book Review: Market Centers and Retail Location." Urban Studies 28, no. 3 (June 1991): 497–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420989120080531.
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Fossum, Drew J. "Order 636/636-a and market centers." Natural Gas 9, no. 3 (August 20, 2008): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.3410090305.
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Mickum, Luke A. "Market Centers 101: Making or Saving Money." Natural Gas 10, no. 9 (August 20, 2008): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.3410100906.
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Farooq, Omar, Mohammed Bouaddi, and Neveen Ahmed. "Financial Centers And Portfolio Performance: Evidence From An Emerging Market." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 29, no. 6 (October 29, 2013): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v29i6.8218.
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How does location of a firms headquarter effect its performance? This paper answers this question by using the data from India. This paper shows that portfolio of firms headquartered in Mumbai, the main financial center of the country, outperform portfolio of firms headquartered in other cities. Our results show that average returns, Sharp ratios, Farinelli and Tibiletti ratio, and CAPM alphas for portfolios comprising of firms headquartered in Mumbai are higher than their counterpart portfolios comprising of firms headquartered in other cities. We argue that firms headquartered in the financial center have better information environment than other firms. One of the channels via which improvement in information environment takes place is the clustering of firms in the financial center. We believe that, for any given level of resources, it is relatively cost effective for stock market participants to expend their resources on clustered firms to obtain value relevant information than on dispersed firms, thereby improving information environment of firms headquartered in the financial centers relative to other firms. Our arguments claim that better information environment of firms headquartered in the financial centers helps in maintaining investors confidence.
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Pirogova, Oksana, and Nataliia Temnova. "Dynamics of coworking growth in the real estate market under digitalization." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 10052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124410052.
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The pandemic has affected many sectors of the economy in Russia and the world, and has affected the commercial real estate market. In this situation, approaches to the organization of office space are changing. Currently, the segment of co-working centers is gradually becoming a full-fledged player in the commercial real estate market. The purpose of the study is to analyze the co-working market, forecast growth rates for the coming years and identify development trends. Research objectives: to analyze co-working centers in St. Petersburg; - Build a forecast of the number of co-working centers and identify new trends in the development of co-working spaces in a pandemic. The study used the following methods: descriptions, comparisons, analogies and generalizations, analysis and synthesis, modeling. Based on the data on the growth rates of co-working centers in St. Petersburg, a model for the growth of their number has been built. The research results will make it possible to forecast the development of the co-working center market in the near future.
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Oriol, Nathalie, Alexandra Rufini, and Dominique Torre. "Heterogeneous investors and trading platforms competition." Journal of Risk Finance 16, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-11-2014-0169.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider competition’s issues between European market firms, such as Euronext, and multilateral trading facilities, following Markets in Financial Instruments Directive’s enforcement. This new domestic competition is adding to the existing international competition among financial centers. While diversification of local trading services can improve the international competitiveness of a financial center, the fragmentation of order flows can harm its attractiveness. Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical setting analyzes the interaction between heterogeneous who experiment network externalities, and heterogeneous local trading services providers (alternative platforms and incumbent) in an international context. The authors compare two forms of organizations of the market: a consolidated market, and a fragmented market with alternative platforms – in both cases, in competition with a foreign universe. Findings – The results of this study point out the importance of the trade-off between diversification and externalities. With alternative platforms entry, enhanced competition decreases fees and redistributes informed investors between the foreign market and the domestic one. The increase of domestic platforms’ number then has more complex effects on externalities (of information and liquidity). When the liquidity externalities are low, the diversification of financial platforms increases the number of investors on domestic centers. When liquidity externalities are not negligible, despite the decrease of fees, this same diversification orientates more informed investors to the foreign center. Originality/value – This model is the first to analyze jointly the internal and international competition of trading platforms with heterogeneous investors.
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Zoma, Vincent, and Issaka Dahani. "Main characteristics of urban markets in Africa." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 06 (June 5, 2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i6.g01.
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Urban markets influence socially and economically in cities around the world, and imprint an obvious dynamic of development. However, their characteristics very often differ from one geographical area to another. Thus, this article, based on a literature review, aims to study the characteristics of markets in African cities. This research reveals that the characteristics of these markets on the African continent depend on their typologies and the arrangements made there. In terms of spatial distribution, each market is the center of a circle whose radius varies according to its importance and may be, depending on its size, a distribution or collection market. In general, they are characterized by two main types of market infrastructure, namely markets and shopping centers. In addition, the mismatch between the available space and the growth of the markets is at the origin of a remarkable spatial pressure and the interventions of the municipalities are generally very limited by the lack of technical and financial means.
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Muhammad Fahmi Nurani. "TOKO MODERN DAN TRADISIONAL: KEADILAN REGULASI." Jurnal Humaniora Teknologi 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34128/jht.v7i2.95.
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With the growth of shopping centers, it can be said that every year there are many minimarkets, supermarkets, hypermarkets, and modern markets such as malls whose existence continues to shift traditional markets in cities throughout Indonesia. People in urban areas tend to prefer to shop for their daily needs at supermarkets or supermarkets. The rapid development of shopping centers raises concerns for some people, because the irregular development of modern markets can result in the extinction of traditional markets or small shops due to their declining turnover. The growing retail giant is a threat to traditional markets, distance rules, zoning and the absence of other restrictions. Even now the modern market is side by side with the traditional market. The sustainability of the efforts of domestic producers and SMEs to encourage domestic products to enter the modern retail market is also an important issue to pay attention to.
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Juniarti Puspita Wulandari and Moch Doddy Ariefianto. "Integration of ASEAN Capital Markets with Developed Countries: Spillover Analysis for the 2003-2019 Period." JURNAL SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN HUMANIORA 8, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 466–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jseh.v8i4.164.
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This study aims to determine the spillover effect on the ASEAN stock market, which is influenced by the turmoil of the world's financial stock market centres, namely the United States, Japan and the United Kingdom, and to determine the pattern of influence of financial centres on countries in ASEAN. The data used in this research is time series data. Then an analysis of each country index was carried out, which the author obtained from the 2003-2019 period, and then the author used it to find emerging markets that were influenced by developed countries. This study uses the Dynamic Conditional Correlation-Generalized Autoregressive Heteroscedatic Model (DCC-GARCH) so that it is possible to examine the transmission of volatility between two different stock markets together. Based on the research results, it was found that there was a spillover effect from financial centre countries to emerging market countries in ASEAN. Besides that, there is also a finding that the spillover effect between the stock market of financial centers and developing country markets has varying results in the observation period. The 2008 financial crisis, which stemmed from the US financial crisis, caused significant changes to the ASEAN-5 stock market. This can be seen from the increasing influence or spillover effect of the American stock market, namely the SP500 and FTSE100, the most significant impact during and after the 2008 crisis.
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LILLQUIST, KARL. "Farming the Desert: Agriculture in the World War II–Era Japanese-American Relocation Centers." Agricultural History 84, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 74–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-84.1.74.
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Abstract In 1942 over 110,000 Japanese Americans were evacuated from the West Coast to ten inland, barbed wire-enclosed relocation centers in the name of national security. Agriculture was a key component of the eight arid to semiarid centers located in the western United States. Each center’s agricultural program included produce for human consumption, feed crops, and livestock. Some centers also grew seed, ornamental, and war crops. Evacuees raised and consumed five types of livestock and sixty-one produce varieties, including many traditional foods. Seasonal surpluses were preserved, shipped to other centers, or sold on the open market. Short growing seasons, poor soils, initially undeveloped lands, pests, equipment shortages, and labor issues hampered operations. However, imprisoned evacuee farmers proved that diverse agricultural programs could succeed in the harsh settings primarily because of labor-intensive farming methods, ingenuity, and the large markets provided by the centers. These agricultural programs played major roles in feeding, providing meaningful employment, and preparing evacuees for life outside the centers, and readied lands for post-war "homesteaders."
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Digra, Lakshmi, and Sharanjeet Singh. "Survey on Energy Efficiency in Cloud Computing." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2019.8.1.2125.
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Data centers are serious, energy-hungry infrastructures that can run large scale Internet based services. Energy ingesting representations are essential in designing and improving energy-efficient operations to reduce excessive energy consumption in data centers. This paper presents a survey on Energy efficiency in data centers, importance of energy efficiency. It also describes the increasing demands for data center in worldwide and the reasons for data centers energy inefficient? In this paper we define the challenges for implementing changes in data centers and explain why and how the energy requirements of data centers are growing. After that we compare the German data center market at international level and we see the energy consumption of data centers and servers in Germany from 2010 -2016.
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Daudin, Guillaume. "Domestic Trade and Market Size in Late-Eighteenth-Century France." Journal of Economic History 70, no. 3 (September 2010): 716–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050710000598.
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This article tests whether smaller domestic markets can explain why France industrialized more slowly than Britain. To do so, it uses theTableauxdu Maximum. It begins by presenting this source and then checks if the data from the source are plausible using a logit theoretical gravity equation. The results of this gravity equation are then employed to compute the expected market size of specific supply centers. Even if differences in real, nominal, and disposable income are taken into account, some French supply centers had access to domestic markets that were larger than the whole of Britain.
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Yarovenko, Tetiana, and Yelyzaveta Butenko. "Transformation of international financial centers in global economy." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 83, no. 4 (2023): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2023.04.159.
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The article considers approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of «financial center» and «international financial center». On the basis of this, the original interpretation of the concept of «international financial centers» is presented, which is defined as hubs of the international financial network in the form of a set of institutions of different jurisdictions that carry out international transactions, provide financial and other support services to clients around the world. This makes it possible to manage international financial flows, to serve the accumulation and distribution of capital at the global level. It is concluded that their importance for the global economy is to ensure stability and liquidity of the global financial market by redistributing international financial flows. It is marked that their feature and difference from the financial centers of national level is a presence of the ramified network of mediators for the sake of maintenance of the international acceding to the orientation on clients outside the country of basing. The advantages of hosting international financial centers for the country of location are determined. Thus, the creation and development of international financial centers helps to attract financial capital, increases the investment attractiveness of the host country and provides it with other economic and social benefits. The changes in the development index of the TOP-10 international financial centers (for 2022, 2014 and 2006) are analysed. New York, London, Singapore, and Hong Kong retain their leading positions in the TOP-10 during the analysed period. The existence of significant competition from financial centers for global leadership has been determined, which is explained by a slight gap in the ranking of the TOP-10 city-centers. It is noted that from the point of view of the global economy and influence on the world financial market, financial centers that are classified as global rather than international come to the fore. The directions of transformation of international financial centers in the context of globalisation are identified. It is noted that their role is changing due to the emergence of financial centers of global influence, innovative models of international activities, introduction of digital innovations and improvement of the regulatory framework for international financial activities.
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D. Lindarto and Reagan Solihin. "Mall & Market Design; a Neo-Vernacular Approach." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 4, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v4i1.3860.
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The traditional market is a trade sector with its characteristics, such as the interaction between sellers and buyers when bargaining for merchandise. Nowadays, its presence, especially in Medan, is getting replaced by the presence of modern markets such as shopping centers because the market conditions themselves are increasingly shabby and unkempt over time. Thus, people will become more shifting to the shopping center, which is cleaner, safer, and have more varied sales. Therefore, lots of efforts have been made by the government by issuing policies such as the presence of the Build Operate Transfer (BOT) system, the rebuilding of traditional markets, and the rearrangement and redevelopment of traditional markets to compete with modern markets.
With the Neo-Vernacular Architecture approach, the project will design by lifting local wisdom around the design area. Medan Tembung, Aksara, as the selected site, is quite strategic, which is the site of ex-Buana Plaza that has burned along its market, also located on one of the main routes to the highway gate of Kualanamu, and is an area with cultural values that still exist but began to disappear. Through this design, it’s expected to increase the return of public interest to traditional markets and also improve the regional economy that also does not forget to raise local wisdom.
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Haynes, Kingsley, and Homee F. E. Shroff. "Market centers and retail location: Theory and applications." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 13, no. 1 (January 1989): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-9715(89)90009-4.
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Açık, Abdullah. "The price behavior of the MGO bunker market: An integrated causality and interpretive structural modeling approach." Maritime Technology and Research 4, no. 2 (September 22, 2021): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2022.252561.
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Marine fuel price differences of supply centers have a significant effect on operators’ budgets, and so are closely monitored by traders, charterers and shipowners. The aim of this study is to determine the volatility spillovers between the prices of the major fuel centers in the world and to form a hierarchical structure based on the influence and dependence powers of these centers. For this purpose, an integrated structure of causality in variance and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methods are used. The data set used in this study includes marine gas oil (MGO) prices for 8 fuel centers used extensively in the world, namely: Fujairah, Hong Kong, Houston, Istanbul, New York, Piraeus, Rotterdam, and Singapore. This data consists of 782 daily observations covering a 3-year-period between 14.04.2017 and 13.04.2020. The ISM results reveal that these fuel centers lie at 6 different levels based on their driving and dependence powers, sources of price volatility in the market are Fujairah and Singapore, and the center that is most affected by volatility is Piraeus. In addition to drawing a macro frame for the fuel market, the results obtained are thought to be useful in reducing risk in the market due to uncertainty for stakeholders.
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He, Zhaohui. "Expansion, Integration, and the Limits of Commercial Publishing in North China during the Qing Dynasty: Taking Dongchang Prefecture as an Example." East Asian Publishing and Society 12, no. 1 (February 7, 2022): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22106286-12341357.
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Abstract Until now most studies on commercial publishing in pre-modern China have focused on two areas in the south, Jiangnan and Fujian, where publishing centers had been clustered since the Song dynasty. Before the Qing dynasty, commercial publications for the whole country had been provided by the publishing centers located in those two areas. However, the landscape changed significantly in the Qing dynasty, as commercial publishing extended to places where there had existed no printing shops before, especially the northern provinces of China. Dongchang prefecture along the Great Canal in Shandong province rose to become an important regional publishing center during the Qing. The publications produced in Dongchang not only satisfied the needs of local readers but were sold throughout Shandong and in other provinces in the north. As an outstanding publishing center in the north, Dongchang prefecture is a useful window from which to observe the development of commercial publishing and the book market in northern China in the Qing dynasty. This article investigates the origin, publications, readership, and distribution networks of printing shops in Dongchang prefecture. The author argues that rather than completely replacing the southern publishers in supplying books for readers in the north, the newly risen northern commercial publishers captured only a part of the market share. Some categories of books, such as new titles and high-end publications, still heavily relied on the southern publishers. In the Qing dynasty there was a notable trend towards stronger relationships between publishing centers and regional book markets. Hopefully this study will provide a more comprehensive landscape of commercial publishing in pre-modern China, and enhance our understanding of the development of book markets in the north.
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Mustika Maharani, Wydha. "REGULASI PENATAAN PASAR MODERN DAN REVITALISASI PASAR TRADISIONAL DI KOTA BLITAR." Translitera : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi dan Studi Media 8, no. 01 (March 31, 2019): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/translitera.v8i01.596.
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The development of a modern market and shopping centers more quickly in Indonesia could no longer avoid. The development of this phenomenon indirectly can threaten the traditional markets. To anticipate, envy and social unrest then required regulation which control modern market and required an apparent attempt to maintain and develop traditional markets in the revitalization of traditional markets. This research aims to: (1) knowledge and describe regulations modern markets that already exist, but in its implementation regulations modern markets are not aligned with the existing especially in relation to the distance between modern markets and traditional markets. (2) knowledge and describe revitalization program traditional markets to protect traditional markets in order to compete with modern market. This research adopted qualitative descriptive approaches. The research results show that the dualistic economic between a modern market with traditional markets made difficult the collaboration between them.
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Campos Rodríguez, Clara M., Dolores R. Santos Peñate, and José Andrés Moreno Pérez. "Formulación lineal de extensiones del problema de localización competitiva del líder- seguidor." Studies of Applied Economics 31, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v31i1.3272.
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The leader-follower problem is a sequential decision problem where, in a market initially without service centers, a firm, the leader, opens its centers and another competing firm, the follower, will enter later the market opening its centers. The leader chooses the locations taking into account that the follower will enter the market opening its centers and capturing part of the market share. The objective of each competing firm is to maximize its market share. We consider that the clients will behave making a binary choice using the distance as basis for her/his choice criterion. We extend the basic model by considering a threshold in the client choice rule and opening costs depending on the location. We get formulations of the problem extensions as linear programs from the basic linear model.
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Druzhinina, E. S. "PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYMENT AND CAREER CENTERS IN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION." Intellect. Innovations. Investments, no. 5 (2022): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2022-5-20.
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Modern graduates of educational institutions of higher education (hereinafter referred to as OOVO) demonstrate a significant level of anxiety, which is due to the difficulties of finding a job, possible employment. They do not have the skills of behavior in relation to the labor market, as well as the effective use of technologies for search and employment [2, 9, 12]. Therefore, many CSOs are increasingly beginning to pay attention to a set of issues to promote employment, as well as the adaptation of graduates in the national and regional labor markets. The purpose of this article is to theoretically substantiate and develop an organizational and economic mechanism for the development of employment and career centers at higher educational institutions. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is the scientific works of leading domestic and foreign scientists and specialists in the field of labor economics and management theory. In solving theoretical and practical problems of ensuring effective employment and career planning, general scientific research methods, methods of systematic and comparative analysis, expert assessments, strategic planning, organization and management of volunteer activities were used The article formulates a comprehensive scientific approach to solving the problems of regulatory, economic, social, organizational and managerial, personnel, scientific and methodological, information technology, logistical and service support for the activities of the Center for Employment and Career at an economic higher educational institution with the involvement of volunteers. The main program measures for the development of the Center have been identified in accordance with the stages of the employment and career management process, which make it possible to form the contours of programs and at the same time develop roadmaps for the development of the Center for the next planning period. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the theoretical substantiation and development of an organizational and economic mechanism for the development of employment and career centers at higher educational institutions, which allows, on the basis of comparable development of the volunteer movement and network mentoring, to effectively manage the processes of labor market and employment research, professional development, vocational guidance, career planning and employment of graduates of the The article offers practical recommendations that will allow economic organizations to improve the organizational structure and ways of forming strategies for the development of employment and career centers; use a system of indicators for evaluating the activities and development of these centers; organize the training of volunteers to work in the centers and develop programs for the development of centers taking into account the specifics of the labor market and employment; monitor the employment of graduates.
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Verdier, Daniel. "Domestic Responses to Capital Market Internationalization Under the Gold Standard, 1870–1914." International Organization 52, no. 1 (1998): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081898550527.
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The internationalization of capital markets that occurred during the era of the classical gold standard (1870-1914) was part of a broader set of trends that threatened to drain local markets from capital and channel that capital to the national financial center and, from there, toward other national financial centers. Still, internationalization was neither inevitable, uniform, nor irreversible but was a political choice informed by redistributional considerations between rival domestic interests and decided by politically dominant coalitions. The domestic institutional structure in each country determined the composition of the politically dominant coalition. Decentralized structures allowed potential losers to curb public policies favorable to capital market internationalization, whereas centralized structures allowed expected winners to promote such policies. As a result, economies with centralized states ended up being the most dependent on the international capital market, whereas economies with decentralized states took a less active part in the globalization of finance.
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Druzhinina, E. S. "Supporting Work and Development of Employment and Career Centers in Universities by Enlisting Volunteers." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 6 (December 6, 2022): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2022-6-102-112.
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The article describes the mechanism of adaptation support to work and development of employment and career centers in universities by enlisting volunteers and reveals key components of this mechanism. It can be labour markets of young people; requirements of business entities to personnel competences; the process of employment and career in universities; basic goals, objectives and principles of setting-up and developing such centers; analysis of advantages and drawbacks of their work, building and developing the administration system; use of volunteers’ work; academic and methodological tools; organizational and economic features and trends in center development; appraisal of such centers work and development; programs of development. All these mechanisms of adaptation support of work and development of employment and career centers in universities were studied and analyzed in view of volunteers’ role in these centers’ work. It gives an opportunity to provide comparable development of volunteer movement and net apprenticeship, to use different methods of interaction with labour market participants depending of factors of surroundings impact and to meet social request on specialists of certain professions with regard to goals of state policy of population employment.
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Firnanda, Yulio Astria Yudha, and Lukman Arif. "Implementasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Pasar Rakyat Pada Pasar Sukodono Kabupaten Sidoarjo." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 22, no. 2 (July 26, 2022): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i2.2293.
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The market is one of the places used to meet the needs of people's lives. Currently, it is necessary to realize that traditional markets are not the only trading centers. The increasing number of other trading centers such as modern markets, both in the form of minimarkets, hypermarts and malls which in turn can make traditional markets must be able to survive in the competition so as not to be crushed by the flow of modernization. However, in practice, the people's market still faces problems. This study aims to analyze and describe the implementation of the People's Market Management Policy at the Sukodono Market, Sidoarjo Regency. The type of research used by the author in this study is descriptive qualitative. The data sources of this research are primary data sources which are obtained from research informants and secondary data sources obtained from books, journals, and documents related to this research. Then the data collection techniques used in this study were interviews with purposive sampling method, direct observation (non-participants), and documentation with related data. In addition, the data analysis technique used is using interactive data analysis. The results of this study show that the implementation of the people's market management policy in Sukodono Market has been implemented but has not been optimal as a whole. This can be seen in the efficient, accountable, public interest, environmentally friendly, social responsibility and mutual cooperation focus that have been implemented well. However, the effective and productive focus has not been implemented optimally.
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LEE, Husang, Hidenori SHINNO, and Yoshimi ITO. "Market Competitiveness Evaluation of Machining Centers by Multidimensional Vectors." JSME international journal. Ser. C, Dynamics, control, robotics, design and manufacturing 40, no. 1 (1997): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec1993.40.163.
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Housman, Michael, and Mona Al-Amin. "Dynamics of ambulatory surgery centers and hospitals market entry." Health Services Management Research 26, no. 2-3 (August 2013): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951484813502007.
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Freburger, Janet K., and Robert E. Hurley. "Academic Health Centers and the Changing Health Care Market." Medical Care Research and Review 56, no. 3 (September 1999): 277–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107755879905600302.
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LEE, Husang, Hidenori SHINNO, and Yoshimi ITO. "Market Competitiveness Evaluations of Machining Centers by Multidimensional Vectors." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 62, no. 595 (1996): 1210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.62.1210.
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Weissman, Joel S. "Market Forces and Unsponsored Research in Academic Health Centers." JAMA 281, no. 12 (March 24, 1999): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.12.1093.
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Tiutiunnyk, Hanna. "AQUACULTURE INNOVATION AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL CENTERS: ENHANCING AQUACULTURE MARKET DEVELOPMENT." Grail of Science, no. 29 (July 18, 2023): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.07.07.2023.002.
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Aquaculture activities are conducted worldwide primarily to provide food for the population. However, this industry also holds significant potential for recreation and conservation of natural resources, including biodiversity protection. The modern world is increasingly recognizing the importance of preserving natural resources and shifting from a purely commercial approach to a broader social perspective, aligning with the principles of Sustainable Development Goals. Effective aquaculture management should consider the potential impacts on the ecosystem and local communities. These impacts may vary and encompass factors such as water and habitat quality, carbon footprint, recreational opportunities, cultural preservation, and social aspects. It is crucial to ensure a balance in the use of water resources, considering the benefits and costs associated with their utilization for present and future generations. Aquaculture can contribute significantly to the development of both urban and rural areas, making it essential to promote its sustainable practices for economic resource generation.
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Sayapina, K. V. "BRINGING INNOVATION PRODUCTS ONTO EXTERNAL MARKET: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL DEVICES INDUSTRY." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2018-3-80-87.
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The article is aimed at defining effective methods to manage promotion of high-tech products onto foreign markets, on basis of medical equipment market research. Key trends for development of medical equipment market in foreign countries are defined, which are consolidation of small laboratories and scientific centers in net associations, and offering personified products and diagnostic systems for individual usage. Features of algorithm of entering foreign markets are presented. In context of recommendations for bringing innovation high-tech products onto external markets, it is necessary to hold preliminary monitoring of local and foreign analogues on target market, to offer complex decisions, to organize conjoint enterprises for products promotion, and to form public-private partnership in long-term perspective.
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Ferdinand, Friska Natalia. "Comparison of Monopoly and Sharing Line-haul Vehicles in Express Delivery Service." Jurnal ULTIMA InfoSys 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/si.v6i1.280.
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In the Korean express delivery service market, many companies have been striving to extend their own market share and interested in collaboration through sharing resources such as line-haul vehicles and service centers. Collaboration has recently attracted a great deal of attention as an effective way to secure competitive advantage for companies with limited resources. Some companies operate line-haul vehicles in milk-run types of pick-up and delivery services among consolidation terminals and service centers with locational disadvantages so they can represent as traditional pick-up and delivery problem (PDP). This study proposes the design of express delivery service networks operate only one service center shared by different companies for service centers with low demands by comparing two systems: (i) Monopoly of line-haul vehicles and (ii) Sharing of line-haul vehicles
Keywords: Express Delivery Service, COllaborative Network Design, Comparison, Monopoly, Sharing
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Uzaman, Sardar Khaliq, Atta ur Rehman Khan, Junaid Shuja, Tahir Maqsood, Faisal Rehman, and Saad Mustafa. "A Systems Overview of Commercial Data Centers." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 14, no. 1 (January 2019): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitwe.2019010103.
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Data center facilities play a vital role in present and forthcoming information and communication technologies. Internet giants, such as IBM, Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, and Amazon hold large data centers to provide cloud computing services and web hosting applications. Due to rapid growth in data center size and complexity, it is essential to highlight important design aspects and challenges of data centers. This article presents market segmentation of the leading data center operators and discusses the infrastructural considerations, namely energy consumption, power usage effectiveness, cost structure, and system reliability constraints. Moreover, it presents data center network design, classification of the data center servers, recent developments, and future trends of the data center industry. Furthermore, the emerging paradigm of mobile cloud computing is debated with respect to the research issues. Preliminary results for the energy consumption of task scheduling techniques are also provided.
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Casson, Mark, and John S. Lee. "The Origin and Development of Markets: A Business History Perspective." Business History Review 85, no. 1 (2011): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680511000018.
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The origins of the market are obscure, but substantial documentary evidence survives from the eleventh century onward, when chartered markets and new towns were established across Western Europe. The expansion of the market system is important for business history because it created new opportunities for business growth. There has been no systematic literature review on market evolution since Henri Pirenne and Raymond de Roover, and this article attempts to fill the gap. It shows that successful markets were regulated–often by civic authorities–to maintain a reputation for reasonable prices and quality control. Markets were located at both transport hubs and centers of consumption, even when the latter were quite remote. However, as transport and communication costs declined, shakeouts occurred and only the larger markets survived.