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1
Öner, Özge. "Experience in Shopping Centers : An Accessibility Analysis of Swedish Shopping Centers." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13734.
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This study aims to investigate how market size impacts the level of economic success, diversity, entertainment, arts, and experience of shopping centers in Sweden. More specifically the paper uses regression analyses to test the relation between different forms of shopping center performance and market size. The results show that the municipality market size plays an important role in all analyzed cases. The results also showed that local labor market size does not have a significant impact on the dependent variables.
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Yavuzer, Ipek. "Market Share Analysis For Shopping Centers In Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605909/index.pdf.
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In the last decade, the changes in living styles of people and shopping activities brought a new concept, &ldquoshopping center&rdquo
. By the time the numbers of shopping centers increased and this big consumption market created a great competition among the investors. The investors had the necessity of examining their market share within the market and other social and spatial factors for the feasibility of their shopping centers. In this thesis considering the need of such a study, a market share analysis is carried out to determine the market share of shopping centers within the competition, analyze the important facts of the market share, estimate the market capacity and potential market regions. Ankara is chosen as the study area since it has an increasing trend for the development of shopping centers. Tthe study is carried out for Armada, Bilkent and 5M Migros shopping centers since they serve for the whole city and have different functions such as recreation, restaurants, cultural activities together with shopping activities. For the analysis a gravity model developed by Lakshmanan and Hansen is used. The model estimates the market share of the centers among regions considering the factors, as accessibility in terms of cost and time, economic conditions of regions, attractiveness of shopping centers and competitors of the market. For the application process Geographic Information Systems ESRI Arc GIS 8.1 and ESRI ArcView 3.2 are used as software to store and manipulate data, build regulations on road network structure, calculate distances and costs, and present maps and results.
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Chen, Chun-Ling Jocelyn 1972. "Placement of engineering centers in emerging market countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17542.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-165).
GM sponsored this research to assist in its decision to establish an engineering center in India. The objective of this research is to understand the benefits and challenges faced by global companies in China and India. The study focused on a few global companies (Delphi, General Electric, and Motorola) that had engineering centers in both China and India. Two sets of data, direct data and indirect data, were collected. Direct data include responses to surveys sent to managers of these companies as well as personal interviews with executives of these companies. Indirect data include economic data and company profiles from the Internet, journals, company reports, and news releases. The data collected indicate that establishing engineering center in emerging market is beneficial to a global company. Companies that establish engineering centers in China usually benefit from their capabilities in manufacturing and customer service. Companies that establish engineering centers in India usually benefit from their knowledge-based services and the availability of English speaking engineers. Major challenges in these countries include cultural differences between the local employees and the headquarters, lack of technical management resources, and government regulations. Overall, the benefits outweigh the challenges. This research concludes that GM should establish a carefully focused technical center in India that focuses on research relevant to emerging markets or on software development that would have potential benefits to GM.
by Chun-Ling Jocelyn Chen.
S.M.
4
Brandt, Wayne M. (Wayne Martin). "Regional shopping centers : creating liquidity in an illiquid market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64865.
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Lala-Sonora, Autumn Marie. "Surveying the Field: How Do (and Should) Writing Centers Market and Design." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1591194133726362.
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Garrefa, Fernando. "Shopping Centers: de centro de abastecimento a produto de consumo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-18052010-153220/.
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Este trabalho demonstra que o padrão evolutivo dos shopping centers os conduziu a um enquadramento em três momentos: (i) como centro de abastecimento, quando surge como proposta voltada ao planejamento territorial; (ii) como produto imobiliário, quando agentes deste setor passam a edificá-los e a controlá-los e; (iii) como produto de consumo, quando tendo assumido a condição de mercadoria, tendeu a acompanhar as demandas oriundas dos novos modos de produção e consumo no final do século XX, que incluem o consumo de sensações, experiências e lugares e que tem como marcos a descartabilidade e a necessidade de inovação constante. Em seguida, nota-se que esta condição, de produto de consumo (descartável, mutante, de rápida obsolescência) associado ao caráter inercial das edificações, os torna empreendimentos altamente vulneráveis no contexto da sustentabilidade urbana (econômica e sócio-cultural). Pôde-se concluir assim, que a dinâmica presente nesta dupla condição exige um maior controle do desenvolvimento urbano no que se refere à implantação deste tipo de empreendimento imobiliário.This paper shows that the evolution of shopping centers standards lead them to a framing at three moments: (i) as a supplying center, when it appeared as a proposal concerning territorial planning; (II) as real estate product, when entrepreneurs from that sector start to build and control them ; (III) as consumption product, when assuming the merchandise condition, it tended to follow the emergent demands from new ways of production and consumption in the end of century XX, that include the consumption of sensations, experiences and places, that has as landmark the necessity of constant innovation. After that, this condition, of consumption product (dismissible, mutant, of fast obsolescence) associate to the inertial character of its buildings, transforms them into highly vulnerable enterprises in the context of the urban sustainability. Concluding, the dynamics concerning this double condition require a higher control of the urban development when refer to this kind of real estate enterprise.
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Lugo, Mayra. "Exploring the Spa market in Vancouver, British Columbia /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/3629.
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Research Project (M.B.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005.Research Project (Faculty of Business Administration) / Simon Fraser University. Senior supervisor : Dr. Jennifer C. Chang. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41).
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Bracaite, Giedre. "Investment in Retail Centers - An Investigation of the Swiss and the Lithuanian Real Estate Market." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/06609440001/$FILE/06609440001.pdf.
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Ehlert, Mark William. "Estimates of the impact of performance-based funding on the labor market effectiveness of Missouri's area vocational-technical schools /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901235.
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Nordlund, Hanna. "The effect of competition on the number of opioids prescribed." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390156.
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The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is a change in physician's behavior because of increased competition in the primary care market. The hypothesis is that increased competition in the healthcare market increases the physician's tendency to prescribe drugs in order to attract patients. Therefore, this paper aims to examine whether the number of opioids prescribed has increased due to a Swedish reform known as the System of Choice that was implemented between 2007-2010, whose target was to increase the competition in the healthcare market. A difference-in-difference method is applied to examine the causal relationship between the reform and the number of prescriptions of opioids. This method is applicable since the counties introduced the reform at different points in time. The result is not statistically significant but the estimate is positive which corresponds to previous literature. However, the result could indicate that the System of Choice has had no effect on the number of opioids prescribed.
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Alexandre, Paulo Manuel Monteiro. "Contribuição para o estudo das motivações e estratégias de actuação da banca espanhola de média dimensão em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/633.
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Mestrado Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialO sector bancário tem uma inegável importância estratégica nacional dado ser um sector transversal a toda a economia e onde tendencialmente se tenta manter os centros de decisão em mãos nacionais. Temos vindo a observar um grande interesse por parte de instituições financeiras espanholas de média dimensão em actuarem no nosso País, que se consubstancia na abertura de escritórios de representação e sucursais. A finalidade deste trabalho é tentar perceber os objectivos, o percurso realizado, as formas de actuação e a estrutura de decisão das sucursais em Portugal de instituições financeiras espanholas de média dimensão. Testámos também quatro hipóteses de trabalho de investigação: a primeira que relaciona o processo de internacionalização dessas sucursais com a actuação no domínio da banca de retalho; a segunda, respeitando à eventual convergência das estratégias utilizadas para actuação no mesmo segmento de mercado; a terceira, relativa à localização dos centros de decisão e a Quarta, indagando quanto à dependência de recursos externos. Para o efeito, analisámos, através de entrevistas estruturadas, cinco situações que na nossa opinião são representativas do fenómeno, tendo concluído que as hipóteses levantadas foram corroboradas pelo trabalho de campo levado a efeito. Metodologicamente, foi adoptada uma postura abdutiva, caracterizada por um processo de inferência em que se procura formular hipóteses gerais capazes de permitirem explicar determinados factos empíricos.
The banking sector is of unquestionable national strategic importance due to its cross-sectional nature in the economy, thus the attempt to keep the decision centres on national hands. There has been a great interest from average Spanish financial institutions in operating in our country, by means of representation offices and branches. Through this study we are trying to understand the goals, adopted procedures, decision structure and performance achieved so far by the Portuguese branches of average Spanish financial institutions. We have also tested four research hypothesis: the first relates the internationalization process with the retail banking sector; the second regards possible coincident strategies used to operate on that market cluster; the third regards the localization of the decision centers and finally the foreign treasury resources dependence. For the above we analysed, using structured interviews, five situations which in our opinion are quite typical and the field work confirmed the tested hypothesis. Methodologically we used an abductive inference process trying to explain some empirical facts through testing the above mentioned hypothesis.
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Karminska-Bielobrova, Marina. "State implementation mechanisms association agreement between the EU and Ukraine." Thesis, Наука и икономика, 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/36648.
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Foreign Ukraine's integration into the global economy plays an important role in the development of the national economy, which is why Ukraine is interested in supportive environments that simplifies access to foreign markets and ensure stable trade flows through continuous improvement of competitiveness of domestic production. Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union is a new format of relations aimed at establishing a deep and comprehensive free trade agreement Ukraine - the EU and the gradual integration of Ukraine into the EU internal market.
13
Alhasweh, Mohamed Abdulwahab, and Babrak Farid. "The effects of Ikea and external shopping centers on regional trade and retail growth : A comparative analysis of Ikea’s establishment in Kalmar and Karlstad." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-21363.
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This paper examines the effects of Ikea store establishment in Kalmar and Karlstad on the trade and retail inside the two cities, and as well on the trade and retail in the close neighboring municipalities and in further peripheral municipalities in both regions. After the establishment of Ikea store, Kalmar and Karlstad have experienced significant growth in trade and retail. The question, however, is how big this growth is in both cities? And how different locations on different distances from Ikea have been affected? What impact there was on different segments of the retail? How different business branches have been affected? How large the catchment area for the emerging new large-scale retail locations is? These questions, in addition to few others, are investigated in this paper. The thesis starts with an introduction chapter containing a background of the topic, problem description, the investigated questions, the purpose, and the outline of the paper. The next chapter includes the frame of reference which consists of literature review and theoretical framework about the external shopping centers and their impact on retail and regional trade development. It includes also information gathered from previous studies technical reports and other available sources about the subject. The third chapter includes description for the methods used to collect the primary and secondary data needed for the purpose of this study. Then the empirical framework which demonstrates the results of the conducted research followed by analysis and concluded in discussion and conclusion. Mixed methods are used as research strategy in this thesis, and the method to conduct the research is based on telephone interviews for the primary (qualitative) data, and documents and desk research for the secondary (quantitative) data. The gathered data is analyzed and designed in a way that allows the usage of comparative analysis technique to present the findings and draw conclusions. The results showed that new established Ikea retail store outside the city boundaries results with many effects on the city center and on the neighboring municipalities as well. The city center seems not to be affected negatively, but on the contrary positive effects were witnessed in both regions, these positive effects are linked to the increase inflow of customers from the external retail area which is known as spillover effect. III On the other hand, the neighboring towns and municipalities are more negatively affected especially with the trade of con-convenience goods as the consumers in these towns and municipalities start to go to the area of Ikea and the large external retail center to do their purchasing, the substitution effect is then said to be occurred. Moreover, the further far municipalities do not seem to be significantly affected by the establishment of Ikea. These effects whether positive or negative could be monitored by looking to few trade parameters such as the turnover, the sales index, and the consumers’ expenditure, these parameters can be very useful to measure the developments and changes in the trade and retail in a given place.
14
Saint-Amour, Pascal. "Market integration : France's grain markets of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61806.
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Panfel, Matthew Ryan. "Assessing the retail niche and identifying additional locations with market potential for a lifestyle center a case study of consumer preferences and shopping behavior-The Shops at Atlas Park, Queens County, New York /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Cason, Brian (Brian Paul). "Volatility of hotel market fundamentals and the determinants of variations between markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62135.
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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate , 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80).
How can volatility as well as other dynamics and characteristics in hotel market fundamentals affecting risk be better understood? This paper explores that fundamental question along with other more specific questions that naturally follow: What are the markets and hotel sectors that exhibit the most volatility in RevPAR, and its various components: occupancy, ADR, absorption and completions? How can markets be characterized as more supply driven or demand driven? How can market revenue metrics be characterized as rate or occupancy driven? What determines the variations in these metrics? What markets behave similarly? What do these findings mean in terms of various risk management practices? This paper develops a model for the systematic analysis of hotel markets based on observed trends in historical data. The paper first calculates measures of volatility. It then develops a model to characterize markets based on which fundamentals play a larger role in hotel market dynamics. It then provides a further comparison of markets based on which exhibit similar movements in RevPAR. The findings then are analyzed for their meaning in terms of risk in hotel markets. Finally, the findings are interpreted to reach conclusions about the nature and determinants of volatility in hotel markets, and how to better mitigate these risks in portfolio selection.
by Brian Cason.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
17
Almgren, Anders, and Viktor Haggren. "Market shares of regional shopping centres with proximity to an IKEA warehouse : IKEA Centres Case Study." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211206.
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This master thesis focuses on regional shopping centre’s market shares. It is written in cooperation with IKEA Centres that provided data regarding their shopping centres and funds for the gathering of statistics. The research question for the study is: What level of market share is valid for regional shopping centres in close proximity to an IKEA warehouse? In order to answer this question as accurate as possible the study is designed as a case study. The case is implemented on three different shopping centres, owned by IKEA Centres, with similar locations and market areas. The three shopping centres that are selected as subject centres in the study are Birsta City in Sundsvall, I-Huset in Linköping and Erikslund Shopping Center in Västerås. The case is focused on the regional shopping centres isolated and do not include the IKEA furniture store. The first part of the study concerns the delineation of the subject centres’ primary- and secondary market area. This is done using Reilly’s Law based on the prerequisites of the specific shopping centre. By using this method breaking points or borders of the market areas can be defined and located based on the calculated driving time. To be able to calculate the potential market shares for the centres, the buying power segmentation method is used. The statistics are bought from Statistics Sweden and concerns mainly the number of households in the market areas and their disposable income. The market share is calculated by comparing the potential buying power of the households and the actual sales in the shopping centres. The results of the conducted study regarding the market share in the total market area is that Birsta City has a significant larger market share (60%) than the two other centres that the study concerns. I-Huset (17% market share) and Erikslund Shopping (25% market share) are located in regions with a higher population and more competition, the authors see this as the main factor to the difference in the market share. Results regarding market shares in different categories of goods are also presented. The three subjects’ centres offer several different collections of items. All centres have a large market share in the fashion segments that are offered, a wide tenant mix in combination with the target groups is seen to be an effecting factor.Denna masteruppsats fokuserar på ämnet regionala shoppingcenters och dess marknadsandel. Uppsatsen är skriven i samarbete med IKEA Centres vilka har bidragit med data angående köpcentren samt medel för inköp av statistik. Studiens frågeställning är: Vilken marknadsandel har regionala köpcenter där ett Ikeavaruhus finns i närheten? För att besvara denna frågeställning på bästa sätt är studien utformad som en fallstudie. Fallstudierna är implementerade på tre olika shopping center i liknande läge och med likvärdiga marknadsområden. De tre köpcentrumen vilket är utvalda som ämnescenter i studien är Birsta City i Sundsvall, I-Huset i Linköping och Erikslund Shopping Center i Västerås. Forskningen är baserad på shopping centret och berör inte IKEAs möbelvaruhus. Den första delen av studien behandlar avgränsningen av köpcentrumens primära och sekundära marknadsområden. Avgränsningen är utförd med Reilly’s Law baserad på de specifika köpcentrets förutsättningar. Genom att använda den här metoden definieras brytpunkter och gränser för marknadsområdet kan avgränsas med hjälp av den beräknade körtiden. För att sedan beräkna köpcentrets marknadsandel används metoden ”Buying power segmentation method”. Statistiken som används är köpt från SCB och berör huvudsakligen antalet hushåll i marknadsområdena samt dess disponibla inkomst. Marknadsandelen är beräknad genom att jämföra den potentiella köpkraften hos hushållen med den faktiska försäljningen i köpcentren. Resultatet av den utförda studien rörande marknadsandelar av den totala marknaden är dels att Birsta City har en betydligt större marknadsandel (60%) än de två andra undersökta köpcentren. I-Huset (17% marknadsandel) samt Erikslund Shopping (25% marknadsandel) är belägna i regioner med högre invånarantal och större konkurrens. Författarna ser detta som en avgörande faktor till skillnaden i marknadsandel jämfört med Birsta City. Resultat angående marknadsandelar i olika kategorier av varor är också presenterade. De tre studerade köpcentren erbjuder ett brett utbud av produkter. Samtliga center har en stor marknadsandel i kategorier rörande kläder & mode. Den breda hyresgästmixen samt målgruppen för köpcentren antas vara påverkande faktorer till detta.
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Gilbert, Keith M. (Keith Michael). "The neighborhood shopping center market in California." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66328.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1990.Title as it appears in the Sept. 1990 M.I.T. Graduate List: Development of and investment in neighborhood shopping centers in California.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-61).
by Keith M. Gilbert.
M.S.
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Castillo-Salazar, Juan-Carlos-Cris, and Jimmy-Paúl Silva-Bazán. "Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de un centro ecoeficiente de fisioterapia dirigido al adulto mayor en la ciudad de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2015. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/3329.
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El presente proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo principal demostrar la viabilidad técnica, económica y de mercado de implementar un establecimiento que brinde servicios de fisioterapia a los adultos mayores de la ciudad de Lima Metropolitana enfocado en mejorar la calidad de vida de sus pacientes, en el aumento del nivel de servicio de sus terapias y en la optimización de la eficiencia de sus instalaciones a través de la implementación de un sistema de gestión ambiental basado en la ecoeficiencia lo que contribuirá en el desarrollo sostenible y mitigación del impacto ambiental en el área de influencia del proyecto.The main aim of the present research project is to demonstrate the technical, economic and market feasibility of implementing an establishment that provides physiotherapy services for seniors of the city of Metropolitan Lima focused on improving the quality of life for patients, increasing the level of service of its therapies and optimizing the efficiency of its facilities through the implementation of an environmental management system based on the eco-efficiency which will contribute to sustainable development and mitigation of the environmental impact in the project´s area of influence.
Trabajo de investigación
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Guimarães, Lucilene Ferreira Cerqueira. "O TRABALHO DOS/DAS ASSISTENTES SOCIAIS NO ÂMBITO DO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL(SUAS): entre as normas e a precarização nos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social(CRAS) de São Luís/MA." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/872.
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Previous issue date: 2014-05-23I study the work of the social worker within the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS) from the Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS), in São Luís, Maranhão. I talk about the expansion of the professional working market within the national policy for social assistance which nationally established the SUAS and the CRAS in which the incorporation of the social worker in the technical crew is a legal requirement in the policy effecting process. In the empirical data analysis, I consider the centrality of the working category and the assumption that the professional working conditions experience determinations of the working organization mode in the capitalist society and the configuration of social policies in responses of the State to the expressions of the social issues in the contemporaneity. I emphasize the policy for social assistance from its new rearrangement, through: the 1988 Federal Constitution, the Social Assistance Organic Law (LOAS) and the National Policy for Social Assistance (PNAS); I emphasize the centrality that this policy assumes in the last two decades in the set of policies for social protection in Brazil and the insertion of Social Service in the CRAS. I recall the historical process of this insertion in the social care service in São Luis, where I verify that the work of the social workers within the SUAS, through the CRAS, expresses a contradiction between the policy rules and the precariousness that challenges the profession Code of Ethics. In the final considerations, I point out that conservative elements in the professional practice are identified, persisting shortsighted practices that meet the provisions of the social assistance policy, which reinforces the maintenance of users in the state of need in relation to their subsistence.
Estudo sobre o trabalho do/da assistente social no âmbito do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) a partir dos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS) no município de São Luís do Maranhão. Trato da expansão do mercado de trabalho profissional no âmbito da Política Nacional de Assistência Social que institui nacionalmente o SUAS e os CRAS nos quais a inserção de assistentes sociais na equipe técnica é uma exigência legal no processo de efetivação da política. Na análise de dados empíricos, parto da centralidade da categoria trabalho e da premissa de que as condições de trabalho profissional sofrem determinações do modo de organização do trabalho na sociedade capitalista e da configuração das políticas sociais nas respostas do Estado às expressões da questão social na contemporaneidade. Enfatizo a política de assistência social a partir do seu novo reordenamento, através: da Constituição Federal de 1988, da Lei Orgânica da Assistência Social (LOAS) e da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS); ressalto a centralidade que essa política assume nas duas ultimas décadas no conjunto das políticas de proteção social no Brasil e a inserção do Serviço Social nos CRAS. Resgato o processo histórico dessa inserção na prestação da assistência social em São Luís onde verifico que o trabalho dos/das assistentes sociais no âmbito do SUAS, através dos CRAS, expressa uma contradição entre as normas da política e a precarização que desafia o Código de Ética da profissão. Nas considerações finais ressalto que elementos conservadores no exercício profissional são identificados, persistindo práticas de caráter imediatista que atendem as determinações da política de assistência social, as quais reforçam a manutenção dos usuários no estado de necessitados, em relação à sua subsistência.
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Johnson, Kris (Kris Dianne). "Analytics for online markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98571.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 147-153).
Online markets are becoming increasingly important in today's world as more people gain access to the internet. Furthermore, the explosion of data that is collected via these online markets provides us with new opportunities to use analytics techniques to design markets and optimize tactical decisions. In this thesis, we focus on two types of online markets -- peer-to-peer networks and online retail markets -- to show how using analytics can make a valuable impact. We first study scrip systems which provide a non-monetary trade economy for exchange of resources; their most common application is in governing online peer-to-peer networks. We model a scrip system as a stochastic game and study system design issues on selection rules to match trade partners over time. We show the optimality of one particular rule in terms of maximizing social welfare for a given scrip system that guarantees players' incentives to participate, and we investigate the optimal number of scrips to issue under this rule. In the second part, we partner with Rue La La, an online retailer in the online flash sales industry where they offer extremely limited-time discounts on designer apparel and accessories. One of Rue La La's main challenges is pricing and predicting demand for products that it has never sold before. To tackle this challenge, we use machine learning techniques to predict demand of new products and develop an algorithm to efficiently solve the subsequent multi-product price optimization. We then create and implement this algorithm into a pricing decision support tool for Rue La La's daily use. We conduct a controlled field experiment which estimates an increase in revenue of the test group by approximately 10%. Finally, we extend our work with Rue La La to address a more dynamic setting where a retailer may choose to change the price of a product throughout the course of the selling season. We have developed an algorithm that extends the well-known multi-armed bandit algorithm called Thompson Sampling to consider a retailer's limited inventory constraints. Our algorithm has promising numerical performance results when compared to other algorithms developed for the same setting.
by Kris Johnson.
Ph. D.
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Harsha, Pavithra. "Mitigating airport congestion : market mechanisms and airline response models." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46387.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-165).
Efficient allocation of scarce resources in networks is an important problem worldwide. In this thesis, we focus on resource allocation problems in a network of congested airports. The increasing demand for access to the world's major commercial airports combined with the limited operational capacity at many of these airports have led to growing air traffic congestion resulting in several billion dollars of delay cost every year. In this thesis, we study two demand-management techniques -- strategic and operational approaches -- to mitigate airport congestion. As a strategic initiative, auctions have been proposed to allocate runway slot capacity. We focus on two elements in the design of such slot auctions -- airline valuations and activity rules. An aspect of airport slot market environments, which we argue must be considered in auction design, is the fact that the participating airlines are budget-constrained. -- The problem of finding the best bundle of slots on which to bid in an iterative combinatorial auction, also called the preference elicitation problem, is a particularly hard problem, even more in the case of airlines in a slot auction. We propose a valuation model, called the Aggregated Integrated Airline Scheduling and Fleet Assignment Model, to help airlines understand the true value of the different bundles of slots in the auction. This model is efficient and was found to be robust to data uncertainty in our experimental simulations.
(cont.) -- Activity rules are checks made by the auctioneer at the end of every round to suppress strategic behavior by bidders and to promote consistent, continual preference elicitation. These rules find applications in several real world scenarios including slot auctions. We show that the commonly used activity rules are not applicable for slot auctions as they prevent straightforward behavior by budget-constrained bidders. We propose the notion of a strong activity rule which characterizes straightforward bidding strategies. We then show how a strong activity rule in the context of budget-constrained bidders (and quasilinear bidders) can be expressed as a linear feasibility problem. This work on activity rules also applies to more general iterative combinatorial auctions.We also study operational (real-time) demand-management initiatives that are used when there are sudden drops in capacity at airports due to various uncertainties, such as bad-weather. We propose a system design that integrates the capacity allocation, airline recovery and inter-airline slot exchange procedures, and suggest metrics to evaluate the different approaches to fair allocations.
by Pavithra Harsha.
Ph.D.
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El-Nakib, Islam. "A proposal for Egyptian regional distribution centres for the COMESA market." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2008. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5871/.
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The objective of this research was to assess the feasibility of establishing Egyptian RDCs in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) in order to enhance Egyptian export flows to that economic bloc. The research hypothesis was that the volume of Egyptian exports within the COMESA market would be enhanced through the establishment of a network of RDCs. Intensive analysis of COMESA imports was conducted in order to understand the nature of the demand in the COMESA market and explore the export potential for Egyptian products. To increase the competitiveness of Egyptian exports to the COMESA market the research proposes the establishment of an RDC network in COMESA. Two models were used to select the locations for the Egyptian RDCs network within COMESA countries. The first model was used to set the criteria for the location decision within COMESA countries from a logistics perspective. The second model was used to assess the selected locations through criteria pertaining to several external factors such as economic and political stability, local infrastructure and geographical locations. Kenya, Djibouti and Tanzania are the three countries which proved to be the optimal locations to establish a generic network of Egyptian RDCs for the COMESA market. The factors which are adversely affecting the competitiveness of Egyptian exports to the COMESA countries were assessed based on three stages of export flows from the manufacturers' facilities in Egypt until reaching each country in COMESA via the RDCs. The first stage is from the Egyptian manufacturers' locations to the Egyptian seaports, the second from the Egyptian seaports to the seaport of the receiving country in which the RDC is located, and finally the third stage from the location of the RDC to the COMESA market for redistribution to the end users. In order to test the results from these models, two questionnaires were conducted to target Egyptian exporters and COMESA importers to investigate their views regarding the establishment of the Egyptian RDC network to serve the COMESA market. The findings of the questionnaires revealed that the COMESA market is a good gateway for Egyptian exports, however, a number of problems render the benefits from such a market to be a challenge to achieve. Therefore, the research has focused on recommended actions to be considered in potential implementation strategies through a schematic model to enhance the flows of Egyptian exports to the COMESA market and to overcome the hindrances in achieving a competitive position within this market.
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Snyder, Brion Scott. "Should the Defense Fuel Supply Center trade in the futures market?" Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA277235.
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Williams, Alan R. "The Officeminium : alternative tenure choice in the Office Business Center market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33177.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
In title on t.p. "Officeminium" is followed by the trademark symbol.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-68).
The Office Business Center (OBC) is a shared office facility, which is fully equipped, staffed and furnished. Many small business and sole proprietors choose OBC space over traditional leased office space because it alleviates the upfront cost and time required to maintain and manage an effective office infrastructure. Additionally, the persistence of low commercial mortgage interest rates have helped to witness a rise in office space ownership through the growth of the office condominium market- a market which is also dominated by small businesses and sole proprietorships. This thesis investigates the viability of a new real estate product, the Officeminium(TM). The Officeminium(TM) is a hybrid product which combines the ownership tenure of the office condominium and the full service environment of an OBC. The Officeminium(TM) provides a subset of small business owners and small proprietors with a hedge against rent risk and opportunistic agency, while affording office building owners and developers with a means to reduce excess building capacity and potentially increase the value of their real estate asset.
by Alan R. Williams.
S.M.
26
Tati, Gabriel. "Regional development planning and the role of secondary cities as migration centres in Cameroon." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311381.
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Jeong, Jinbae. "Examination of the rationality of real estate market pricing : focusing on the US office property market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54856.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-50).
This study examines whether or not investors behave rationally when they price the U.S. office properties. After reviewing several previous studies on the market efficiency, this paper makes three new attempts: first, we employs the actual information on transactions and rents at the property level to resolve the substitution problems; second, we introduce another pricing method which use gross yields and typical cap rate method; lastly, Shiller Test with those actual data is conducted to determine whether future rental growth can be predicted by both or either of those two pricing methods. The major empirical results can be summarized into the two findings: 1) in the pricing models, the gross yield reflects a property's future rental growth, whereas the cap rate is mostly correlated to the relatively short-term rental growth in the past, 2) in Shiller Test, the future rental growth of a property can be forecasted by the gross yield, not by the cap rate. These findings suggest that although not perfect, investors of the US office properties, at least partially, forecast the future income of the investments, and reflect them into the pricings by means of gross yields rather than cap rates.
by Jinbae Jeong.
S.M.
28
Wei, Yu-Hua S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The market of medical office buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77128.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2012.Cataloged from department-submitted PDF version of thesis. This electronic version was submitted and approved by the author's academic department as part of an electronic thesis pilot project. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103).
This paper is to define the demand and supply factors and to develop a system to forecast the future development of medical office buildings. At this juncture of time when the health care industry is facing historical changes due to demographic shift, economic challenges and legislative moves, understanding the market mechanism of medical office buildings that provide easy accesses for medical service to aging population, carry lower costs for health care system, and promote the preventive care in medical practices has never been more critical. Medical office buildings as a real estate product type have unique market and development mechanism. They house medical services and have commercial and retail real estate characteristics. To understand the demand and supply of medical office buildings, health care industry that provide medical services, population consuming medical services and real estate industry develop and manage the physical space need to be observed. By using panel regression to analyze historical economic, population and health care employment data across metropolitan areas, we can establish a system that explains the medical office building market. We further quantify the future medical office building demand based on the forecasted economic data and the model established in this paper. The future development of medical office buildings is intricately tied to many factors including the trends predicating the scale and speed of the development. Using the historical events as guidelines and the system established, this paper presents positive outcomes for the demand of medical office buildings under different scenarios.
by Yu-Hua Wei.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
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Sykora, Jiri S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Vacancy durations in the office market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123599.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-50).
The durations of other indicators have been researched extensively in real estate studies, primarily the time on market and the duration of residence in housing units. Despite their importance, empirical research on the duration of vacancies is relatively limited and focused mainly on the housing sector. This paper aims to fill this gap and analyze the determinants of vacancy durations in the office sector. The analysis is based on a dataset of individual office suites located in New York City, NY that became vacant between 2012 and 2015. Vacancy durations are a form of time-to-event data and as such can be examined using survival analysis. We present several parametric and non-parametric survival models. Four key characteristics -- unit size, asking rent, building height, and floor number -- are found significant across all model specifications. Specifically, vacancy durations are affected the most by unit size and asking rent. Survival probabilities are found to considerably vary over time, which appears to be driven by variations in employment growth.
by Jiri Sykora.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate
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CARVALHO, PATRICIA DE OLIVEIRA. "LOYALTY IN THE FITNESS CENTER MARKET AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AGE SEGMENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7155@1.
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O mercado de academias de ginástica brasileiro atendeu 2,8 milhões de alunos e faturou total de R,8 bilhão no ano de 2003 (ACAD, 2003). Sete mil estabelecimentos, entre pequenas e grandes academias,
competem pela atenção de alunos que buscam alcançar uma vida mais saudável e um corpo perfeito. Autores como Oliver (1999) e Reichheld (1996) afirmam que a adoção de estratégias com ênfase na lealdade podem oferecer um impacto positivo na lucratividade, além de permitir um aumento gradativo na taxa de retenção de clientes. Este trabalho avalia a existência de lealdade entre os consumidores de
serviços de academias de ginástica, identifica as características da lealdade apresentadas e analisa se este
comportamento mostra diferenças entre o segmento mais jovem do mercado (menos de 50 anos de idade) e o segmento de mais idade (50 ou mais anos). O estudo, feito à luz do modelo de Oliver (1999), identifica comportamento de lealdade entre os consumidores e as academias de ginástica. No entanto, a análise dos dois segmentos evidencia ênfase em características diferentes. A amostra de consumidores com menos de 50 anos mostra uma relação entre a lealdade e aspectos afetivos. Já o segmento de consumidores com 50 ou mais anos de idade mostra um comportamento de lealdade ligado à intenção de
manter a prática de exercícios na academia já freqüentada, independente de preço e localização, mostrando uma relação com aspectos conativos da lealdade.The Brazilian fitness centers market serves 2.8 million people and might have generated revenues of approximately R.8 billion in 2003 (ACAD, 2003). Seven thousand stablishments, from small to large fitness centers, competed for the customer s attention, who are in search of a healthier life and a perfect body. Authors such as Oliver (1999) and Reichheld (1996) state that the adoption of a loyalty strategy offers a positive impact on profits and allow a gradual increase of the customer retention rate. This dissertation evaluate the existence of loyalty in the fitness centers market, identify the characteristics of the loyalty behavior and analyse if there are differences in loyalty behavior between the youth segment (less than 50 years old) and the elderly segment (50 years old or more). The study was conducted using the Oliver (1999) construct and it has identified that both segments are loyal, although they showed emphasis in different characteristics. The younger consumers` loyalty presents relationship with affective aspects. The elderly segment appeared to have a connection between its loyalty behavior and the conative aspects.
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Martins, António Carlos Pereira Rico. "Segmentação dos mercados nos centros hípicos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/13130.
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O setor equestre e o cavalo desde cedo que acompanham a história de Portugal, mas é um setor com poucos estudos económicos. O presente estudo foca-se nos centros hípicos e estabelece como objetivo geral identificar segmentos de mercado ao nível do público-alvo dos centros hípicos e como objetivos específicos, identificar os critérios e variáveis de segmentação e caracterizar os elementos que compõem cada segmento.
O estudo apresenta a fundamentação teórica sobre a segmentação de mercado, posteriormente sobre centros hípicos e aspetos relacionados. No seguimento explica-se a metodologia, determinam-se os resultados obtidos com base na estatística descritiva e multivariada e finalmente apresentam-se as conclusões.
Conclusivamente verificaram-se 3 segmentos, um segmento de cavaleiros preocupados com a sua carreira desportiva, mas sensíveis ao estatuto social associado, um segundo segmento de indivíduos que gostam da equitação por causa dos cavalos e um terceiro segmento de cavaleiros que apenas pretendem uma carreira no setor; Market Segmentation in Equestrian Centers
Abstract:
The equestrian market and the horse have a long history in Portugal, but needs to grow in matter of economic studies. The present study focuses on equestrian centers, specifically, aims to identify market segments in equestrian centers, identify the targeting criteria, the respective variables and characterize the individuals of each segment.
The study presents the theoretical background about the market segmentation, the equestrian center and related aspects. Further on, the methodology is explained, the results are determinate with the descriptive and multivariate statistics and finally the conclusions are presented.
Conclusively, 3 segments were identified, one segment of concerned riders with their sports career and their social status, a second segment of respondents who enjoys riding because of horses and finally a segment of riders that are concerned with their sports career without other constraints.
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Varol, Nebibe 1980. "Inventory deployment and market area segmentation in a two-echelon distribution network design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17728.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-128).
Most of the logistics systems involve a multi-level distribution system structure due to value added by a multi-level configuration. Interactions of these levels, i.e. echelons, should be considered while making strategic decisions regarding the choice of the size, number and location of stocking sites as well as the tactical decision regarding the choice of inventory policy to be used. We analyze a two-echelon distribution network to characterize the market segmentation of each echelon and inventory deployment between the two-levels. Allocation of stock under a stochastic demand structure is considered simultaneously with warehousing and transportation decisions, which is an extension of the General Optimal Market Area (GOMA) Model developed by Erlenkotter. The distribution of inventory is investigated under different stock policies and the sensitivity of this distribution to various system parameters is analyzed.
by Nebibe Varol.
S.M.
33
Trippl, Michaela. "Islands of Innovation and Internationally Networked Labor Markets. Magnetic Centers for Star Scientists?" Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2009. http://epub.wu.ac.at/138/1/document.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Top researchers and outstanding scientists are an essential source of science-based innovation and regional development. The location pattern and international movements of the scientific elite, are, thus, of fundamental importance. However, despite a growing interest, there is only little empirical evidence about these core issues. Drawing on the results of a world-wide survey of 720 ―star scientists‖ (identified by the number of citations they generated in journals in the ISI databases in the period 1981-2002) this paper seeks to explore the role of islands of innovation in providing employment opportunities for stars. It is shown that US and European islands of innovation and their regional labor markets are at the forefront when it comes to produce (i.e. to educate) and to employ star scientists and to exchange them with other places. Furthermore, the paper provides evidence for the formation of a network among innovative regional labor markets based on international movements of the best and brightest scientific minds. (author´s abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Look, Mary V. "Policy Systems and Their Complexity Dynamics: Academic Medical Centers and Managed Care Markets." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27253.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examined how complexity theory might offer insight into the behavior of a population of large-scale networked organizational groups. Academic medical centers (AMCs), a large-scale social and policy system that plays a key role in the education of physicians, the conduct of research, and the provision of specialized clinical care, were chosen as an example to demonstrate the enhanced understanding that can be obtained from the application of complexity theory. Graphical and nonlinear mathematical tools were chosen to place this research study in contrast to studies that metaphorically apply the concepts of complexity theory to social systems.
Complexity science suggests that AMCs will demonstrate both nonlinearity and the emergence of patterned behaviors characteristic of self-organization in complex adaptive systems. Changes in the fiscal environment of AMCs, influenced by federal policy and the health care delivery market, were hypothesized to be among the factors that mediated changes in AMCsâ activities and organizational relationships during a twenty-year period. The collection and examination of multiple indicators within the framework of a study model allowed development of a rich description of the AMC system and identification of patterned behaviors. Graphical analysis was used to identify underlying periodic and chaotic attractors in the AMC system. A logistic equation was used to confirm the presence of nonlinearity.
The presence of nonlinearity and the emergence of patterned behavior within schools in different managed care market groups suggested that it is appropriate to treat the population of AMCs as a complex adaptive system. The results of this research study also showed that AMCs have responded to the rise of managed care in the health care delivery marketplace by leveraging their institutional strengths. Identification of nonlinear properties offers a new perspective for understanding the behavior of a population of networked organizations, the management of large-scale systems, strategic planning, and policy formulation. Until researchers and managers recognize the coexistence of nonlinear and linear processes in social systems, they will make decisions on the basis of incomplete information.Ph. D.
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Van, der Merwe J. M. P. "The impact of Stellenbosch Square on retail buying patterns in Paradyskloof." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1655.
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Knuppertz, Alexander. "Shopping centres in Kuala Lumpur: internationalised structural change of the Malaysian retail market." Berlin mbv, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993024106/04.
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Li, Yunda. "Navigating treacherous waters : U.S. private real estate debt market opportunity and investment strategy under new debt capital market order." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107864.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 68-71).
U.S. commercial real estate debt capital market is experiencing some underlying structural changes. New regulations in banking and CMBS industry have resulted in reduced roles of these regulated lenders in the commercial real estate financing market. Funding gaps appear in the market as regulated lenders pullback from various types of lending. This paper delivers a comprehensive and most updated analyses on the current U.S. commercial real estate debt capital market opportunities and investment strategies. The paper illustrates the current debt capital market landscape, summarizes the key regulation changes that created challenges for regulated lenders, identifies the current dislocations and opportunities in the U.S. commercial real estate debt capital market, analyzes appropriate investment strategies that can capitalize on these opportunities, and finally identifies target investors for each strategy. This paper takes the angles of both investment managers and institutional investors, as it provides insights and analyses for both audience groups.
by Yunda Li.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
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Zade, Joshua Charles. "Public market development strategy : making the improbable possible." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58663.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, and (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, Center for Real Estate, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-150).
Public markets were once central components of the urban food system in American cities, but declined in number and importance by the middle of the 20th century. Despite a diminished role in feeding the city, public markets have persisted, and interest abounds in both existing markets and the development of new ones. In addition to creating an alternative to the mainstream commercial food system, public markets can generate a range of community benefits including small business opportunities, preservation and promotion of local foods and foodways, and a forum for public interaction. Despite these benefits, developing new, permanent, indoor markets is a unique challenge. This paper investigates development strategies for organizations seeking to create new public market halls in U.S cities. Literature specific to public market development is reviewed and contextualized within broader real estate planning frameworks. A detailed case study of the Boston Public Market Association and its efforts to develop a new public market hall in Boston illuminates the difficulties of successfully advancing a public market project. In particular, current opportunities facing that organization illustrate potentially successful strategies to develop a new public market. While developing a public market is not simply a real estate problem, the real estate world's twin criterion of "most fitting and probable use" suggests an appropriate planning structure for public market proponents.
(cont.) By planning for a market that is "most fitting" in response to a range of local contexts, market advocates can make the improbable possible by adopting an opportunistic real estate strategy and attracting support and resources from both the public and private sectors. Given the long timeline market projects may face, sustained commitment and diligent activity are essential to successful market development.
by Joshua Charles Zade.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
M.C.P.
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Solórzano, M. Ricardo M. (Ricardo Miguel Solórzano Macías). "Housing markets : Mexico." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54864.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate , 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Vita. Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-59).
What, When and Where to Develop? The purpose of this study is to help find the major areas of opportunity for housing development and production in Mexico. The thesis intends to help developers in their eternal quest for the right product, location and timing. The answer to these questions will not only help developers with decision making regarding housing projects, but will be helpful to the industry as a whole. It will help lending institutions determine which projects to finance and will be a valuable tool for local and federal governments in determining which cities and income levels or housing products need higher government subsidy or support. The number of housing units sold in Mexico in the last decade has almost quadrupled, yet market forecasts generated by institutions and developers seem negligible. A greater effort to assess the housing demand and deficit has been made by private institutions and government entities which finance most housing sales in the country, while developers seem only to go as far as is necessary to secure financing for their respective projects. This study provides an outlook of the housing markets in Mexico and includes an analysis of what is currently being done to measure and forecast housing demand. The thesis concludes with rigorous economics analysis intended to forecast markets through a Vector Autoregression (VAR) Model. The model uses 15 years of historical data on housing prices, inventories and sales with economic and demographic variables to create forecasts for seven cities representing each of the seven regions the country was segmented into for the study.
by Ricardo M. Solórzano M.
S.M.
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Graham, Timothy Royce. "An analysis of the convention center market and implications for the planned expansion of the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117303.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-51).
The proposed expansion of the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center was approved by the Massachusetts legislature in 2009. In 2010, the governor put the expansion on hold citing an overstated economic impact. Proponents argue that expanding the convention center will lead to increased occupancy and significant economic benefits. But do the benefits outweigh the costs? The first part of this thesis provides an overview of the convention center market in the US as well as two case studies of convention centers that have undergone expansions. The second part closely examines the history and performance of the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center using data from the Massachusetts Convention Center Authority along with data from various other sources to project realistic economic costs and benefits of the expansion as currently proposed.
by Timothy Royce Graham.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
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Zhai, Chuan. "Chinese institutional investment in U.S. real estate market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101317.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 64).
Followed by huge amounts of small real estate investments from wealthy Chinese individuals, large institutional investors, like well-known insurance companies and developers, also started to step into the U.S. real estate market to make large profit since 2013. Apparently, the strong economy and relatively steady real estate market are the major attractions for both individual and institutional investors all around the world; however, compared with individual investors who care more about return and immigration, Chinese institutional investors focus more from the strategic standpoint especially when the current U.S. real estate market has such relatively high price and possibly would face another round of depression within a few years. This thesis will first look at all transaction details of large-scale real estate investments in major American cities to uncover the similarities and differences in terms of product types and geographic areas. And then, many reasons for the strong investment trend will be discussed on both macro- and micro-level. In addition, through interviews and literature reviews, specific real estate products, strategies, and investment methods will be discussed for each type of institutional investors. Finally, this thesis will compare Chinese institutional real estate investment nowadays with Japanese investors in the 1980s to find out the similarities and differences, and most importantly, what Chinese can learn from Japanese investors' failure and what is a good way to participate in the U.S. real estate market.
by Chuan Zhai.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
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Mayo-Smith, James French. "Sourcing off market commercial real estate acquisition targets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106755.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-70).
Sole sourcing, or acquiring grocery anchored properties that are marketed to only a few prospective buyers, is favorable to general partners, who will oversee and run the property, because it increases their chances of acquiring the target. Furthermore, this is beneficial to their limited partners who have provided meaningful sources of capital in order to acquire the property. The hypothesis is that by tracking outstanding commercial mortgage backed securities (CMBS) loans coming due in the next several years, collecting data on current owners/borrowers, attempting to understand their wants and needs at asset and portfolio levels, and providing solutions to their circumstances while effectively marketing to engage existing owners of grocery anchored retail real estate assets in US metro markets with favorable demographics, one can increase the likelihood of closing off market transactions with prospective sellers while not using brokers through a system that is replicable across various real estate property types. The conclusion is that evaluating CMBS loan maturity and other data-driven advances to sole source deals are currently underutilized in the market. Currently, firms must first define an investment thesis internally. Next, the team should gather property and owner names of target markets and submarkets that fit the established investment criteria. Analyzing owners' portfolios, fund lives, and tenant expirations builds understanding behind events that trigger property sales. Furthermore examining CMBS loan maturities and outstanding property-level debt should be analyzed when targeting properties, but this strategy has not been as widely adopted as it will be in the future. Building and establishing relationships in the market will remain critical and marketing directly to brokers and owners is essential. This is believed to be a replicable strategy across markets to source off market deals of grocery anchored retail centers today. In the future, data-driven acquisition targeting is expected to increase. Firms that adopt these strategies, in conjunction with proven methods utilized today, will be better positioned to source and close off market acquisition.
by James French Mayo-Smith.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
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Zhou, Ye S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Foreign institutional investment in China's real estate market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123585.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-53).
The Chinese real estate market has been growing rapidly over the past decade and has become a popular destination for foreign institutional investors (FIls) including both the public and private entities such as sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, equity funds, banks and insurance firms. An increasing interest from global investors has been observed recently. The total property transaction volume of foreign institutional investment in mainland China set a new yearly record in 2018 and a new quarterly record in the first quarter of 2019. The main objective of this study is to identify the investor universe and the investment patterns of different types of FlIs in China's real estate market. Thorough analysis of the actual transaction data is performed to understand the investment behaviors and preferences in each major property sector including office, retail, industrial, apartment, hotel and site development. Company profiles and a few selected cases formost active investors in the market are reviewed to analyze the investment strategies. This research finds that institutions from the United States and Singapore have dominated the foreign investment field. Equity funds and investment managers are the most active players among all types of FIls. While the office sector is the most popular type, prime retail assets also have a few loyal followers. The development site lost it attractiveness but the industrial and the rental apartment sectors received tremendous attention in recent years. Following their investment guidelines, FIls demonstrate different risk tolerances by the investor type and also adopt various investment strategies for different property types. The study also provides analysis of future investment trends in the selected promising sectors and regions. The investment risks are assessed for FIIs who have been or will be in the Chinese real estate market.
by Ye Zhou.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate
44
Van, Zyl Fransa. "Growing urban ecosystems : a food market in Menlyn." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30012.
Full textAbstract:
This study responds to the effect that current food production has on the natural environment, by researching urban systems and ecosystems. In reaction to the findings, a new food production system and the urban buying and retail culture are investigated. A food market and hydroponic production building is designed to serve as an alternative to the supermarket and conventional food production. AFRIKAANS : Hierdie studie reageer op die uitwerking wat huidige voedsel produksie op die natuurlike omgewing het, deur stedelike stelsels en ekostelsels te bestudeer. In reaksie op die bevindings word ‘n nuwe voedsel produksie stelsel en die stedelike koop-enverkoop- kultuur ondersoek. ‘n Varsprodukte mark en hidroponiese produksie-gebou word ontwerp om ‘n alternatief te bied vir die supermark en konvensionele voedselproduksie.Hierdie studie reageer op die uitwerking wat huidige voedsel produksie op die natuurlike omgewing het, deur stedelike stelsels en ekostelsels te bestudeer. In reaksie op die bevindings word ‘n nuwe voedsel produksie stelsel en die stedelike koop-en verkoop- kultuur ondersoek. ‘n Varsproduktemark en hidroponiese produksie-gebou word ontwerp om ‘n alternatief te bied vir die supermark en konvensionele voedselproduksie.
Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
unrestricted
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Figueroa, Rodriguez Cristian Ricardo. "Emission regulations in the electricity market : an analysis from consumers, producers and central planner perspectives." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84716.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-122).
In the first part of this thesis, the objective is to identify optimal bidding strategies in the wholesale electricity market. We consider asymmetric producers submitting bids to a system operator. The system operator allocates demand via a single clearing price auction. The highest accepted bid sets the per unit market price payed by consumers. We find a pure Nash equilibrium to the bidding strategies of asymmetric producers unattainable in a symmetric model. Our results show that producers with relatively large capacities are able to exercise market power. However, the market may seem competitive due to the large number of producers serving demand. The objective of the second part of the thesis, is to compare two regulation policies: a fixed transfer price, such as tax regulation, and a permit system, such as cap-and-trade. For this purpose, we analyze an economy where risk neutral manufacturers satisfy price sensitive demand. The objective of the regulation established by the central planner is to achieve an external objective, e.g. reduce pollution or limit consumption of scarce resource. When demand is uncertain, designing these regulations to achieve the same expected level of the external objective results in the same expected consumer price but very different manufacturers' expected profit and central planner revenue. For instance, our results show that when the firms are price takers, the manufacturers with the worst technology always prefer a tax policy. Interestingly, we identify conditions under which the manufacturers with the cleanest technology benefit from higher expected profit as tax rate increases. In the third part of the thesis, we investigate the impact labeling decisions have on the supply chain. We consider a two stage supply chain consisting of a supplier and a retailer. Demand is considered stochastic, decreasing in price and increasing in a quality parameter, e.g. carbon emissions. The unit production cost for the supplier is increasing in the quality level chosen. We identify two different contracts that maximize the efficiency of the supply chain while allowing the different parties to achieve their objectives individually.
by Cristian Ricardo Figueroa Rodriguez.
Ph.D.
46
Kim, Kyungmin. "An econometric analysis and forecasting of Seoul office market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68184.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2011.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68).
This study examines and forecasts the Seoul office market, which is going to face a big supply in the next few years. After reviewing several previous studies on the Dynamic model and the Seoul Office market, this thesis applies two structural econometric models to forecast trends of rent, vacancy, and new supply of office space of Seoul Office Market, which is going to face a big supply in the next a few years. The first model has rent and supply equations. The second model is a full model that consists of three simultaneous equations; rent, supply, and absorption equations Empirically, the simple model was tested against time-series data of the Seoul office market since 1975. Rent equation is explained by current office stock, current GDP and past rent and past GDP, both lagging one year. The supply equation explains new office supply by one year lagging completion, five and six years lagging rent and growth of GDP in two previous years. The second model is a full model that consists of three simultaneous equations: rent, supply, and absorption equations based on time-series data since 1991. In this model, rent is impacted by current vacancy rate, past rent and vacancy rate both lagging one year. The supply equation is explained by completion one year ago, five years lagging rent, and past vacancy rate lagging four years, and the absorption equation is expressed by GDP per employment, current GDP, one year ago rent, and occupied stocks. Using estimated models with exogenous supplies for the next six years, ten-year contingent forecasts are made based on three scenarios having different estimated GDP growths. The forecasts for both models demonstrate that untypical supply for next six years will impact office rent negatively in all of the scenarios. In short, the Seoul office market, strongly affected by big supply over demand until 2016, will tend to be become soft or tight during same period before supply goes down and rent reacts. Since late 2010s, however, the market will fully recover from oversupply.
by Kyungmin Kim.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
47
Pei, Pamela Pen-Erh. "Towards a unified theory of procurement contract design : production flexibility, spot market trading, and contract structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45799.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-116).
We present in this work a unified approach and provide the optimal solution to the pricing problem of option contracts for a supplier of an industrial good in the presence of spot trading. Specifically, our approach fully and jointly endogenizes the determination of three major characteristics in contract design, namely (i) Sales contracts versus options contracts; (ii) Flat fee versus volume- dependent contracts; and (iii) Volume discounts versus volume premia; combining them together with spot market trading decisions and also the option of delaying production for the seller. We build a model where a supplier of an industrial good transacts with a manufacturer who uses the supplier's product to produce an end good with an uncertain demand. We derive the general non-linear pricing solution for the contracts under information asymmetry of the buyer's production flexibility. We show that confirming industry observations, volume-dependent optimal sales contracts always demonstrate volume discounts (i.e., involve concave pricing). On the other hand the options contracts are more complex agreements, and optimal contracts for them can involve both volume discounts and volume premia. Further, we find that in the optimal contracts, there are three major pricing regimes. First, if the seller has a higher discount rate than the buyer and the production costs are lower than a critical threshold value, the optimal contract is a flat fee sales contract. Second, when the seller is less patient than the buyer but production costs are higher than the critical threshold, the optimal contract is a sales contract with volume discounts. Third, if the buyer has a higher discount rate than the seller, then the optimal contract is a volume-dependent options contract and can involve both volume discounts and volume premia. We further provide links between industry and spot market characteristics, contract characteristics and efficiency. Last, we look into an extension of our basic model, where we give an analysis for the case when the seller is given a last minute production option.
by Pamela Pen-Erh Pei.
Ph.D.
48
Wenceslao, Delfin C. "What are the business and regulatory factors for a successful Philippine REIT market?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58632.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, Center for Real Estate, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-80).
In an attempt to determine what business and regulatory factors are required for the successful establishment of a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) structure in the Philippines, we analyzed the macro and microeconomic factors affecting the Philippines property market. The proposed law governing the REITs in the Philippines was also analyzed and compared with other REIT regulation in Asia. In the Asian REIT industry, supply and demand issues are inherently important. However, regulations, governing their activities, are also a factor in their growth and success. On the Philippine REIT supply side, the office, retail and hotel sectors offer acquisition potentials for REITs. Key demand drivers for real estate in the Philippines have been the increasing remittances from Overseas Filipino Workers, which have increased consumer spending in residential real estate and consumer goods, prompting rent growth in the retail sector. Another factor is the phenomenal growth of the Business Process Outsourcing industry which is driving both demand for office and residential supply On the REIT demand side, there is a strong incentive for real estate developers/owners/sponsors to divest their properties into REITs in order to access an alternative and cheaper source of capital caused by the increasing globalization and securitization of real estate. Opportunities to create fee-based businesses through external management contracts with REITs also exist. For potential REIT shareholders, there is clear investor demand for a tax efficient, yield driven investment vehicle such as REITS, which provide, not only higher transparency, professional management, greater liquidity and more stable return, but also diversification for their local and global portfolios.
(cont.) A tax savings analysis was simulated using the current proposed REIT legislation and found that, although REITS provide significant tax benefits to residents and nonresidents, greater tax advantages are created for nonresident investors. The proposed Philippine REIT legislation is largely in line with international REIT standards. As is the case with other Asian REITs, it appears that Philippine REIT regulation shall be a case of walking-before-running. And as international REIT regulation is continuously evolving and changing, both the Philippine REIT public and private sectors should ensure that local market regulation adapts to the global markets.
by Delfin C. Wenceslao.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
49
Katz, Omer S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Kailash Gupta. "The tale of two markets : a comparison of performance between Class A properties in secondary markets and Class B properties in primary markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92606.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2014.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 65).
As the number of investors in real estate expands and current investors increase their target allocations, we can expect to see a substantial increase in the investment pace in real estate for institutions. Investors seeking high yields have been shifting their focus away from core investments due to high prices and resulting low yields, and have started to look beyond core properties and core markets for opportunities. This thesis examines the historical performance of Class A buildings in secondary markets and Class B buildings in primary markets from 2005 to 2013. Historical performance data is used from NCREIF, and the CoStar database is used to classify each property as Class A or Class B. Through this study we hope to shed some light on the importance of location and asset type (Class A or Class B buildings) as determinants of returns in commercial real estate investments. An analysis of our empirical findings, on an aggregated basis of an entire real estate cycle (2005-2013), indicates that while office and multifamily properties have demonstrated similar behavior throughout the cycle, this has not been the case for industrial properties. In the case of office and multifamily properties, Class B buildings in primary markets have outperformed Class A properties in secondary markets and the NCREIF NPI. As opposed to these distinct results, in the case of industrial properties, Class A buildings in secondary markets have outperformed Class B properties in primary markets and the NCREIF NPI. One explanation for this unpredictable behavior might be associated with the substantial economic and physical differences of industrial properties, specifically when compared to office and multifamily properties. Another possible explanation of this result has to do with the relatively small size of NCREIF data on industrial properties, and, consequentially, the industrial property data in this thesis was comprised of merely 93 industrial properties. Based on the overall empirical findings of our study, a savvy real estate investor, who is dedicated to maximizing his long run returns, would be better off investing in office and multifamily properties in primary markets, and in industrial properties in secondary markets.
by Omer Katz and Kailash Gupta.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
50
Haven, Philippa. "Minimum Wage & the Informal Sector: Evidence from a Day Labor Center." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1018.
Full textAbstract:
Much debate surrounds the effect the minimum wage has on employment. Economic theory suggests that the minimum wage acts as a price floor in the labor market and thus leads to disemployment. However, empirical evidence from a variety of industries, states, and age groups suggests that the minimum wage has negative, negligible, and even positive effect on employment. This Economics/Public Policy Analysis thesis is the first study to analyze the effect the minimum wage has on employment in the informal sector. I apply four OLS regressions with various levels of specifications on five dependent variables: hourly wage, log hourly wages, hours worked, log daily income, and percentage working. My results suggest that economic theory holds true in the informal sector with regards to the California minimum wage mandate of 2016: the minimum wage had a positive and statistically significant effect on hourly wage, with average hourly wages increasing by $1.88; the minimum wage had a negative and statistically significant effect on percentage working, with average number of workers dispatched to jobs decreasing by 15%.