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Academic literature on the topic 'Markedness'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Markedness"

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Chaudron, Craig, and Kate Parker. "Discourse Markedness and Structural Markedness." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 12, no. 1 (March 1990): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100008731.

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This study investigates second language acquisition of English noun phrases in discourse, examining the effect of discourse markedness and structural markedness on the development of noun phrase use. English L2 noun phrase forms are examined within three universal discourse contexts: current, known, and new reference to topics. The targeted noun phrases forms include ø anaphora, pronouns and nouns with markers of definiteness and indefiniteness, including left dislocation and existential phrases. Based on expectedness within discourse, the least marked discourse context is reference to a current topic, and the most marked context is the introduction of a new referent as topic. Based on formal complexity, ø anaphora is the least marked structural form, and left-dislocated and existential noun phrases are the most marked. Free production and elicited imitation recall tasks, involving picture sequences that manipulated the three discourse contexts, were used to test Japanese learners' acquisition of noun phrase forms. They were evaluated by comparison with NS production. The results support predictions that L2 learners distinguish between discourse contexts, acquiring more targetlike forms in the least marked context first, and that they acquire the least marked structural forms earlier than the more marked ones.
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Allan, W. Scott, and Laurie Bauer. "Markedness, markedness inversion, and dependency phonology." Australian Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 2 (December 1991): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268609108599460.

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Urciuoli, Bonnie. "Neoliberalizing markedness." HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 6, no. 3 (December 2016): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14318/hau6.3.016.

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McCarthy, John J. "Comparative markedness." Theoretical Linguistics 29, no. 1-2 (January 24, 2003): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/thli.29.1-2.1.

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Næss, Åshild. "What markedness marks: the markedness problem with direct objects." Lingua 114, no. 9-10 (September 2004): 1186–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2003.07.005.

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Lehrer, Adrienne. "Markedness and antonymy." Journal of Linguistics 21, no. 2 (September 1985): 397–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222670001032x.

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Standard treatments of antonymy regularly state that of a pair of antonyms, one member is marked while the other one is unmarked. Certain semantic and syntactic properties are predicated of the unmarked (or in some cases of the marked) member of the pair. A few examples are given, usually 20 or so, which bear out the predictions.
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Suastini, Ni Wayan, Ketut Artawa, Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya, and I. Ketut Darma Laksana. "Translation and Markedness." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 6, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.6n.4p.28.

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Translation is a task which involves different aspects of linguistics. Producing equivalent degree of markedness is one of linguistic competences which should be owned by the translators. This ability has a contribution in maintaining the thematic structure and the propositional meaning through the translation process. The present study is a descriptive analytical corpus-based aimed to analyze (1) the translation of English marked structures, those are passive, it-cleft, existential and pseudo-cleft into Indonesian, and (2) the ways presenting the thematic structures in the target language. The development of English marked sentences involves thematization process, therefore analyzing the ways in translating these marked sentences and transferring the thematic structures to their Indonesian counterparts are interesting to be conducted. The corpus found in an English book entitled The Intelligent Investor and its Indonesian translation. The corpus is a parallel data consists of 191 marked English sentences and their Indonesian translations. Comparative analysis conducted to the data showed that 78.5% of the marked English sentences were translated into marked sentences in Indonesian. Translating the marked English sentences into Indonesian marked sentences supported the process of preserving the information.
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van de Weijer, Jeroen, and Marjoleine Sloos. "Acquiring markedness constraints." Linguistics in the Netherlands 2013 30 (November 18, 2013): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.30.14van.

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This paper questions the assumption made in classic Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993 [2004]) that markedness constraints are an innate part of Universal Grammar. Instead, we argue that constraints are acquired on the basis of the language data to which L1 learning children are exposed. This is argued both on general grounds (innateness is an assumption that should not be invoked lightly) and on the basis of empirical evidence. We investigate this issue for six general markedness constraints in French, and show that all constraints could be acquired on the basis of the ambient data. Second, we show that the order of acquisition of the marked structures matches the frequency of violations of the relevant constraints in the input quite well. This argues in favour of a phonological model in which constraints are acquired, not innate, i.e. a model in which grammatical notions such as constraints are derived from language use.
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Givón, T. "Markedness in Grammar." Studies in Language 15, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 335–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.15.2.05giv.

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Steriade, Donca. "Orality and Markedness." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 19, no. 1 (June 25, 1993): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v19i1.1518.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Markedness"

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Schaden, Gerhard. "Say hello to markedness." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3224/.

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In this paper, it will be shown that Bi-directional Optimality Theory (BOT) runs into problems of undergeneration when confronted with a certain class of partial-blocking phenomena. The empirical problem used to illustrate this is the cross-linguistic variation of one-step past-referring tenses. It will be argued that the well-known ‘present perfect puzzle’ is a sub-problem of it. The solution to the cross-linguistic variation of these tenses involves blocking of the marked tense. The relevant notion of ‘markedness’, while underivable synchronically, is argued to be linked to diachronic learning processes similar to those investigated by Benz (2006).
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Schuster, Peter. "Relevance theory meets markedness considerations on cognitive effort as a criterion for markedness in pragmatics /." Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/51984646.html.

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Nae, Niculina. "Markedness, Relevance and Acceptability in Translation." Graduate School of International Development. Nagoya University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6249.

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Causley, Trisha Kathleen. "Complexity and markedness in optimality theory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0004/NQ41121.pdf.

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Korchin, Paul D. "Markedness in Canaanite and Hebrew verbs /." Winona Lake (Ind.) : Eisenbrauns, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41275806w.

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Tangeman, A., M. Counts, B. Asher, and A. Lynn Williams. "The Role of Markedness in Cluster Acquisition." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2082.

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Pavesi, M. G. "A study of markedness in second language acquisition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374133.

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Lee, Christopher. "Consumer Linguistics: A Markedness Approach to Numerical Perceptions." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18352.

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Marketing is about numbers but not necessarily just a number. From a big crowd to a half empty arena, adjectives carry numerical associations. The research within this dissertation builds on that idea while focusing on markedness, a linguistics theory, which has been called the evaluative superstructure of language. For example, asking "How tall is the person?" is not an indication that the person is tall but merely a neutral way to ask about a person's height. Tall, in this case, is considered an unmarked term given its neutral meaning. Asking "How short is the person?" however, implies the person is actually short in addition to asking for their height. Linguistics literature has touched on the power of language in numerical estimations but has not fully explored it, nor has linguistics literature transitioned to the marketing literature. Study 1 begins to explore markedness in a consumer setting by using Google Trends to show that unmarked terms, such as tall, are searched more frequently than marked terms, such as short. Study 2 shows that using an unmarked term results in significantly higher estimates of crowd size than using a marked term but is not significantly different than using a neutral term. Study 3 incorporates numerical anchors, which reduce the markedness effects. Study 4 illustrates how an unmarked term results in a wider range of crowd size estimates than a marked term. Study 5 shows how markedness effects are largely eliminated based on the source of the message (team) and capacity constraint of the arena. Study 6 incorporates time to show that markedness effects are stronger in a judgment framed as per day than per year. Studies 7, 8 and 10 show how a marked term, such as half empty, results in significantly different numerical estimates over time. This effect is eliminated when reference to a point in time, such as "at halftime", is removed (study 9). These findings highlight the role of markedness in consumer judgment and have important implications for a variety of marketing theories.
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Reimers, Paula Mami. "The role of markedness in the acquisition of phonology." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425937.

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Kang, Yoonjung. "The phonetics and phonology of coronal markedness and unmarkedness." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8844.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-202).
This thesis investigates place feature restrictions in oral and nasal stop consonants with a special focus on the asymmetrical behavior of coronal and noncoronal stops. Two conflicting patterns of place restriction in outputs are attested: coronal unmarkedness and coronal markedness. This thesis shows that coronal unmarkedness is truly a default pattern of place restriction. Coronal unmarkedness is not confined to specific segmental contexts or to languages with a particular inventory structure. In addition, the coronal unmarked pattern is attested through diverse phonological processes such as assimilation, place neutralization, segmental and featural deletion, metathesis, vowel syncope and morpheme structure constraints. This follows from the context-free place markedness hierarchy proposed by Prince and Smolensky (1993). These constraints can conjoin freely with any context-specific constraints. Such conjunction predicts neutralization to coronal place to be attested in any position where place contrast reduction is found. On the other hand, although coronal markedness is also attested through diverse phonological processes such as assimilation, place neutralization, segmental and featural deletion, metathesis and morpheme structure constraints, it is found only in nonprevocalic positions and only in languages without a sub-coronal place contrast. I propose that unlike the default markedness constraint hierarchy, the reversed markedness hierarchy is projected from a perceptibility scale of place features and is therefore context-specific. I argue that a coronal stop in nonprevocalic position in a single-coronal language is perceptually less salient than noncoronal stops in corresponding positions due to a preferential weakening of tongue body articulation for coronal stops in these positions. Also discussed in this thesis is the effect of nasality of stops on the degree of place restrictions. A nasal stop tends to allow fewer place contrasts than an oral stop and a stop followed by an oral stop tends to allow fewer place contrasts than one followed by a nasal stop. Finally, previous approaches to coronal versus noncoronal asymmetry-Coronal Underspecification, Underspecification by Constraints and Perceptually Grounded Faithfulness Constraints are discussed and their inadequacy is demonstrated.
by Yoonjung Kang.
Ph.D.
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Books on the topic "Markedness"

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Eckman, Fred R., Edith A. Moravcsik, and Jessica R. Wirth, eds. Markedness. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5718-7.

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Linguistics Symposium of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (12th 1983). Markedness. New York: Plenum Press, 1986.

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Lahiri, Aditi, ed. Analogy, Levelling, Markedness. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER MOUTON, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110808933.

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The logic of markedness. New York, USA: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Samuels, Bridget D., ed. Beyond Markedness in Formal Phonology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.241.

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Markedness: The evaluative superstructure of language. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990.

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Itō, Junko. Japanese morphophonemics: Markedness and word structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.

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Itō, Junko. Japanese morphophonemics: Markedness and word structure. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2003.

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Korchin, Paul D. Markedness in Canaanite and Hebrew verbs. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns, 2008.

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Markedness and faithfulness in vowel systems. New York: Routledge, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Markedness"

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Comrie, Bernard. "Markedness." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 1–13. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.2.mar2.

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Moravcsik, Edith, and Jessica Wirth. "Markedness — An Overview." In Markedness, 1–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5718-7_1.

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Shaumyan, Sebastian. "The Semiotic Theory of Ergativity and Markedness." In Markedness, 169–217. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5718-7_10.

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Lapointe, Steven G. "Markedness, the Organization of Linguistic Information in Speech Production, and Language Acquisition." In Markedness, 219–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5718-7_11.

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Menn, Lise. "Language Acquisition, Aphasia, and Phonotactic Universals." In Markedness, 241–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5718-7_12.

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Solan, Lawrence. "Language Acquisition Data and the Theory of Markedness: Evidence from Spanish." In Markedness, 257–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5718-7_13.

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Benson, Bronwen. "The Markedness Differential Hypothesis: Implications for Vietnamese Speakers of English." In Markedness, 271–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5718-7_14.

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Fellbaum, Marie L. "Markedness and Allophonic Rules." In Markedness, 291–308. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5718-7_15.

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White, Lydia. "Markedness and Parameter Setting: Some Implications for a Theory of Adult Second Language Acquisition." In Markedness, 309–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5718-7_16.

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Cairns, Charles E. "Word Structure, Markedness, and Applied Linguistics." In Markedness, 13–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5718-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Markedness"

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Jin, Lifeng, and Marie-Catherine de Marneffe. "The Overall Markedness of Discourse Relations." In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d15-1132.

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Yang, Jianhong. "Linguistic Status of Markedness and Its Defining Criteria." In 2nd International Conference on Economics and Management, Education, Humanities and Social Sciences (EMEHSS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emehss-18.2018.80.

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Chen, Jingyi. "Sequential and Tonal Markedness in Zijin Hakka Tone Sandhi." In Proceedings of the 2018 International Symposium on Humanities and Social Sciences, Management and Education Engineering (HSSMEE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hssmee-18.2018.73.

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Ceolin, Andrea, and Ollie Sayeed. "Modeling Markedness with a Split-and-Merger Model of Sound Change." In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Computational Approaches to Historical Language Change. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4708.

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Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileios, and Kathleen McKeown. "A quantitative evaluation of linguistic tests for the automatic prediction of semantic markedness." In the 33rd annual meeting. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/981658.981685.

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Stasak, Brian, Julien Epps, and Aaron Lawson. "Analysis of phonetic markedness and gestural effort measures for acoustic speech-based depression classification." In 2017 Seventh International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Workshops and Demos (ACIIW). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aciiw.2017.8272608.

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Song, Luyi. "A Markedness Differential Approach Towards the Acquisition of English Locative Inversion for Chinese L2 Learners." In 2021 International Conference on Education, Language and Art (ICELA 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220131.088.

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Jufrizal and Lely Refnita. "Markedness in Word-Order Typology of English and Minangkabaunese: What Should the EFL Learners Know About?" In 7th International Conference on English Language and Teaching (ICOELT 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200306.027.

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