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1
Dozoretz, Jeffrey Victor. "Client-treatment interaction in marital treatment interventions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185553.
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Outcome research on marital therapy has consistently demonstrated various treatment techniques to be effective. While therapies developed along affective, behavioral, or cognitive lines all have their proponents, there is no evidence to suggest that any one technique, or combination of techniques, is significantly better than any other. As a possible explanation, it was suggested that this finding of equal outcome among various marital therapy techniques might actually be an artifact of the way in which the research is conducted. Unlike in the marketplace, where couples may select a particular therapist with a particular orientation, couples taking part in a research project are randomly assigned to a particular treatment condition. If couples who are mismatched dropout of the project, results of equal outcome would be based only on data from those couples for whom the therapy they received was appropriate for their needs. This would suggest not that various marital therapy interventions are equal in the general population, but, rather, that different techniques are appropriate for different couples. In order to test this idea, 68 married couples were recruited and randomly assigned to a wait list control group, or one of two different marital treatment interventions. It was expected that, after an eight week intervention, the couples in the two intervention conditions would demonstrate significantly higher marital satisfaction ratings than those in the wait list control, but would not significantly differ from each other. This hypothesis was confirmed. Closer inspection, however, using Discriminant Function Analysis on pretest measures of affective, behavioral, and cognitive factors, suggested that different factors predicted which couples remained in each of the interventions, which differentially emphasized these factors. This was discussed as evidence that all marital therapy techniques are not created equal, but are differentially appropriate for different couples.
2
D'Angelo, Gregg. "The Marital Interaction Dimension Inventory: A Multidimensional Instrument." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332644/.
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The Marital Interaction Dimension Inventory (MIDI) is an assessment that evaluates marital relationships on seven dimensions; sexuality, self disclosure, emotional affiliation, conflict resolution, power outcome, commitment, and identity. The MIDI provides scores on and individual's actual and desired relationship.
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Edgington, Shawn Corey. "Fulfillment of Marital Expectations in Relation to Communication Style and Parents' Marital Interactions." DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2390.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of communication variables and parent marital variables with the fulfillment of marital expectations among newlyweds. Little research has been done on newlywed expectations and communication. This is an exploratory study conducted to determine how newlyweds' exposure to parents' marital interactions and communication styles correlated with newlyweds' fulfillment of marital expectations. Fifty newlywed couples (married 3-6 months) filled out the Marital Comparison Level Index (MCLI) questionnaire about their level of fulfillment of expectations. Couples were then videotaped talking to one another about the strengths of their marriage followed by a discussion of the potential weaknesses of their relationship. Those videotapes were then coded using the Marital Interaction Coding System--Global. The results indicate that parental marital variables had no significant association with newlywed children's level of fulfillment of expectations. The that was correlated with fulfillment of expectations was the wife's "withdrawal" behavior during the conversation about dissimilarities and weaknesses. The lack of relation with the other variables may have been masked by high levels of satisfaction in the first year of marriage and the homogeneous sample (age and religion).
4
Vaughan, Peter Christopher. "The impact of emotionally focused couples therapy on marital interaction." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26621.
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This study has addressed the continued debate regarding the effectiveness of "non-behavioral" marital psychotherapy. It provides empirical support for the effectiveness of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFCT), an "affective systemic" therapy model, by investigating changes of in-therapy interaction as a function of therapy. Specifically, the question under examination was: During EFCT, is the interaction of couples in the latter stages of the therapeutic experience significantly more positive than the interaction of couples in the beginning stages of the therapeutic experience?
The sample for this study consisted of 22 couples. A modification of the pretest-posttest control group design was used as the experimental design. The data consisted of audio recordings of the 22 participating couples' interaction during marital therapy sessions. Episodes marked by the presence of negative interactional patterns were chosen from the 2nd session of therapy and were compared to equivalent episodes from the 7th session. Two measures were used. The DAS, a self-report measure, was used to determine the level of marital distress experienced by the participating couples before and after treatment. And the SASB, an observer-rated coding system, was used for the analysis of the marital interaction. Cohen's Kappa, a coeffient of agreement for nominal scales, was used to determine the interrater reliability between the SASB coders.
This study investigated eleven hypotheses regarding the effectiveness of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy in bringing about positive change in couples' behavior and interaction during the therapy session. Eight of the eleven hypotheses were supported by statistically significant findings. EFCT was demonstrated to be effective in bringing about significant positive change in the frequency of negative/disaffiliative behaviors, the frequency of autonomous positive/affiliative behaviors, the occurrence of negative sequences, and the occurrence of positive sequences. EFCT was also demonstrated to be effective in bringing about
significant positive change in positive other-focused behaviors, positive self-focused behaviors, negative reciprocal sequences, and negative complimentary sequences. However EFCT was not demonstrated to be effective in bringing about significant positive change in positive controlling behaviors, negative controlling behaviors, and positive complimentary sequences. In conclusion, this study has found substantial support for the assertion that Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy does indeed help couples to positively change the nature of their interaction in therapy.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
5
Whelan, Susan Elizabeth, and n/a. "An exploration of marital interaction the relationship between Gottman's conflict resolution style and 'four horsemen', attachment theory, perception, gender and marital satisfaction." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070813.144947.
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The purpose of the current study was to examine links between Gottman's (1994, 1999) conflict resolution (CR) styles and marital distress indicators (the four horsemen), adult attachment, and Snyder's (1997) marital satisfaction inventory. (MSI-R). One hundred and one heterosexual couples (202 individuals; mean age = 43.5 years, SD = 11.15), currently involved in a marital style relationship (length of relationship M = 19 years, SD = 10.8), were recruited via undergraduate psychology students at a Melbourne university, who requested the questionnaires be completed by their parents or other relatives if they were not eligible for inclusion, and via a Melbourne relationship counselling centre. No evidence was found for matching of conflict resolution styles between partners in the couples, therefore hypotheses testing matching of conflict resolution style against marital distress indicators, marital satisfaction and attachment orientation were not supported. Women were found to score higher on the anxiety adult attachment dimension than men, but no gender differences were found on the 'avoidance' adult attachment dimension. Hypotheses testing links between adult attachment and Gottman's conflict resolution styles (CR) were supported. Participants classified into the secure attachment category were found to score significantly higher in validating CR than those classified as avoidant (dismissive or fearful), and significantly lower in volatile CR than preoccupied participants. Avoidant CR scores were found to be significantly lower amongst secure women than dismissive women, and amongst secure men than both dismissive and fearful men. The hypothesis that women would be higher in contempt and criticism than men was supported, whilst the prediction that men would be higher in stonewalling than women was not supported. Participants classified as secure were associated with lower levels of marital distress indicators and marital dissatisfaction variables than those classified as insecure, as predicted; however some gender differences were apparent in the pattern of differences between the attachment groups in these variables. The hypothesis testing partners' similarity to one another on Gottman's marital distress indicators was not supported; however strong support was found for the notion that partners believed themselves to be similar to their partners on these variables. The hypothesis that secure or dismissive participants would have greater perceived similarity than preoccupied or fearful participants was supported for men but not for women. The prediction that anxious attachment scores would be associated with higher accuracy of partner perception was supported for women but not for men. The prediction that anxious attachment would decrease with age and length of relationship was supported for women but not for men; and the final prediction that accuracy of partner perception would diminish with length of relationship was supported for men but not for women. Overall, results of the current study indicate that there are subtle differences between men and women in the experience of distress in marital relationships, as well as in how relationships change over time. Further, the current research offers evidence that the conflict resolution styles proposed by Gottman may be related to attachment orientation, and may offer some explanation as to how various attachment needs are met via these different methods of marital interaction.
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Harris, Keith W. "The psychophysiology of marital interaction : differential effects of support and conflict /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3003994.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-98). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Robbins, Brian Paul. "Depression and marital interaction : the complementarity between husbands' and wives' communicated appraisals /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487585645577396.
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Cappelli, Mario Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Marital interaction of couples with children with Spina Bifida : a case-control study." Ottawa, 1990.
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Hall, Stanley D. "Hostility in Marital Interaction, Depressive Symptoms and Physical Health of Husbands and Wives." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2167.
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The purpose of this study was to determine how hostility from either partner in a marital interaction affected marital partners' perceived general physical health, while investigating for indirect effects of partners' depression. A total of 296 married couples who participated in Waves 1 and 2 of the Flourishing Families Project were videotaped while completing a marital discussion task. Their interaction was coded for hostile behaviors using the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales, IFIRS. Structural equation modeling was used to examine how hostility in marital interactions at Wave 1 was related to partners' self-reports of physical health as measured by the RAND Health Survey 1.0 and depression as measured by the CES-D at Wave 1. Health of partners was controlled for at Wave 1. Findings from structural equation modeling showed that the husband's hostility directly affected his own general physical health and indirectly affected it through his depression. His hostility indirectly affected his wife's general physical health through her depression. The wife's hostility indirectly affected her physical health through her depression.
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Harris, Victor W. "Marital Quality, Context, and Interaction: A Comparison of Individuals Across Various Income Levels." DigitalCommons@USU, 2006. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2568.
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This research compared measures of marital quality between married respondents who were classified as adults currently receiving government assistance (GA) or adults not currently receiving government assistance (NGA). Additional demographic/contextual variables such as gender, age, age at first marriage, religiosity, income, education, cohabitation, mental health, and substance abuse along with four interactional variables - escalating negativity, criticism, negative interpretation, and withdrawal - were measured as potential correlates with marital quality.
Results indicated statistically significant differences between GA and NGA individuals on all of the marital quality measures and on 8 of the 11 demographic/contextual variable.;. Additionally, the four interactional variables showed strong predictive associations for each measure of marital quality for both GA and NGA individuals. Findings from this study are synthesized to help legislators, policy makers, therapists, and other helping professionals target specific needs and intervention strategies for each of these two distinct populations.
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Whelan, Susan Elizabeth. "An exploration of marital interaction the relationship between Gottman's conflict resolution style and 'four horsemen', attachment theory, perception, gender and marital satisfaction /." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070813.144947/index.html.
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Thesis (DPsych) -- Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.Submitted in partial requirement of the requirements for the award of Professional Doctorate in Psychology (DPsych) by Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 226-243).
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Leavitt, Spencer C. "Parents' Marital Quality and Interactions In Relation to Child Well-being." DigitalCommons@USU, 2002. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2670.
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Using a large national data set, this study was among the first to examine direct associations between parents' marital relationships and children's emotional, academic, and behavioral characteristics. The mediating effect of children's home environments, as well as relationships between children and parents, also were analyzed. The research design was longitudinal. Marital variables were measured in 1994, intervening variables in 1996, and children's outcome variables in 1998. It was expected that children would be influenced by three different aspects of their parents' marriage: marital happiness, marital interactions, and marital arguments. The parent/child relationship (parent/child closeness) and the children's home environments were expected to act as mediators between the marriage variables and child outcome variables. Because the focus of this study was to analyze how functioning between parents within marriage influences children, in order to add to, and not duplicate, research on marital dissolution and conflict, the three samples included only children whose parents had been continuously married since the children were born. Path analysis was used to determine if the data supported the hypothesis that marital relationships affect children's functioning and development. For the youngest group, ages 5 to 14, it was concluded that parents' marital happiness in 1994 was associated with fewer children's behavior problems and increased children's academic performance in 1998. For 12- to14-year-old children, the effects were similar, but smaller. In both cases, marital interaction did not seem to be related to child outcomes. The oldest group, ages 14-21 , was the least influenced by their parents' relationship. While the effect was somewhat small, the longitudinal nature of the analysis suggested that it is lasting. Results of the study varied significantly by race, and in some cases, by sex of the child. Future research should further analyze how marital relations influence children within different racial groups.
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Bennett, Chelsea A. "Negative Marital Interaction and Positive Child Outcomes with Parent/Child Attachment as a Moderating Variable." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2124.
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This longitudinal study investigated the potential moderating effects of attachment on negative marital interaction and positive child outcomes, specifically school engagement and child self-regulation. Waves I and II of data were drawn from the Flourishing Families Project; participants were 296 two parent families (fathers, mothers and children ages 10-13). Both observational and questionnaire data were used in data collection. Negative marital interaction was assessed using observational codes from the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales. All three family members' perceptions were used in assessing parent/child attachment and the potential positive child outcomes of school engagement and child self-regulation. As negative marital interaction increased, both school engagement and the child's self-regulation decreased. Only mother's attachment with child was a statistically significant moderating variable for the relationship between negative marital interaction and the child's school engagement. Gender effects showed that girls were more engaged in school and more self-regulated than boys. Implications for family therapy interventions with problems of child school engagement and self-regulation are explored.
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Rogers, Donna R. B. "The Effect of Dyad Interaction and Marital Adjustment on Cognitive Performance in Everyday Logical Problem Solving." DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6061.
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The theory of formal operations as a final stage of adult development has come under criticism for various reasons, primarily the overemphasis on logical thought processes which are based on invariant and absolute rules within a closed system. Everyday problems, in contrast, are typically "open-ended" and are defined by the context in which they are embedded.
The purpose of this study was to investigate cognitive behaviors that occurred between two individuals as they cooperatively worked together to solve logical problems. Of interest were the effects of marital adjustment on cognitive performance, the relation between social behaviors, marital adjustment, and cognition, and the influence of familiar versus a stranger dyadic problem-solving setting on cognitive behaviors. It was hypothesized that well adjusted married and stranger dyads would not only demonstrate mastery of problem-solving tasks at the formal operational level, but would also demonstrate more relativistic and/or dialectical problem solving, and more facilitative social behaviors, than poorly adjusted married and stranger dyads.
Forty couples between the ages of 35 and 50, who had been married between five and thirty years, were prescreened for verbal intelligence and marital adjustment. They were then randomly assigned to participate in one of four dyadic settings, that is, maritally well versus poorly adjusted couples solving problems in either married or unmarried/stranger dyads. Dyads were administered five formal operational problems. Two of the five were formal logical, or mathematical in nature, while three problems contained both mathematical and interpersonal, or social elements. Each dyad was videotaped during the problem-solving process, beginning with the instructions. Participant averaged about 1 hour and 15 minutes to complete five problems.
Analyses of variance were performed on marital adjustment and dyadic setting as related to formal and relativistic cognitions. There were no marital adjustment or dyadic setting differences in overall ability to use formal operations. However, maritally well adjusted stranger and married dyads evidenced significantly more relativistic cognitions, particularly on problems involving a social/everyday element, than poorly adjusted married and stranger dyads. These differences also held constant across each of three increasingly complex levels of relativistic behaviors. Multivariate analyses were performed on four separate social behavior scales as related to formal and relativistic cognitions, as well as marital adjustment and dyadic setting groups. Again, formal operations did not distinguish between the differing social behaviors; however, the social behavior scales, particularly avoidant versus cooperative behaviors, were strongly related to marital adjustment and relativistic thinking.
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Kettlitz, Robert E. (Robert Edward). "The Influence of Spousal Expectations, Interaction, and Bonding on Marital Quality: a Study of Selected Factors Affecting Individuals' Self-Reported Evaluation of their Marriage." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277798/.
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This investigation explored the relationship between married individuals' self-reports of their expectations, interaction, spousal bonding, and marital quality. From two universities, two hundred and thirty-seven currently enrolled and married students volunteered to provide the information on these factors via a semistructured self-administered questionnaire. The typical respondent was a female between 31 and 35 years old who had been married 8 years to her first spouse, had one child at home; and was a senior in college. Of the ten independent variables examined three variables contributed the most to individuals' self-reported evaluation of their marital quality. These were the time spent each week with their spouse, satisfaction with the quality of time spent with their spouse, and when the greatest level of bonding experiences occurred. Five significant findings emerged from the study. First, respondents' greater satisfaction with the quality of time spent with their spouse was consistently the strongest predictor of higher marital quality. Second, respondents who bonded more with their spouse after marriage or equally before and after marriage reported higher marital quality than those who bonded more before marriage. Third, the amount of time spouses spent together influenced respondents' reported marital quality. Fourth, spousal bonding has a very strong influence on individuals' self-reported marital quality. The influence of spousal bonding upon marital quality has been neglected by marriage and family researchers. Finally, joint activities such as talking, eating and cooking at home, sex, activities shared with children, and church related activities were identified by respondents as consistently promoting both a higher quality level for the time spent with their spouse and with their spousal bonding. Future research on marital quality should use larger and more representative samples, involve personal interviews, use longitudinal data collection, and perform time series or path analysis.
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Christenson, Amanda Claire. "The Relationship Between Partner Perceptions of Marital Power and Sexual Satisfaction as Mediated by Observed Hostile Interaction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3898.
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Using a sample of 322 married couples (644 spouses) from The Flourishing Families project, this study examined the relationship between marital power and sexual satisfaction as mediated by observed hostile interaction. More specifically, an actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) was used in which husband and wife perceptions of their partner's power were hypothesized to be related to husband and wife self-report of sexual satisfaction, with husband and wife observed hostile interaction as possible mediating variables. Results showed that husband and wife perceptions of power were positively related to their respective husband and wife sexual satisfaction and positively related to their respective hostile interaction. Husband hostile interaction was negatively related to husband sexual satisfaction. Husband and wife perceptions of power were negatively related to their partner's sexual satisfaction, and positively related to their partner's hostile interaction. Husband and wife hostile interaction were negatively related to their partner's sexual satisfaction. Husband observed hostility was a statistically significant mediator of the relationship between husband power and husband sexual satisfaction and of the relationship between wife power and wife sexual satisfaction. Wife observed hostility significantly mediated the relationship between husband power and husband sexual satisfaction.
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Barnes, Lauren Alyssa Bone. "Links between High Economic Distress and School Engagement as Mediated through Negative Marital Interaction and Parental Involvement." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3679.
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A review of research on family economic distress and its association with teen well-being shows a clear need to expand our knowledge about the connections between economic distress and key teen outcomes. Economic distress can act as an unexpected negative shock to the family system and can influence parent relationship quality, functioning, and involvement in children's lives. In turn, changes in systemic quality, functioning, and involvement can impact adolescents positively or negatively. Using observational coding and questionnaire self-report, this study examined the relationship between economic distress and negative marital interaction and the impact this has on parental involvement as a predictor of child school engagement while controlling for gender of the child. A structural equation model analysis was fit to data from 323 two-parent families. The average age of children for the study was 14.31 years of age. Results showed that economic distress is associated with marital relationship interactions, as well as parental involvement, which also impacts school engagement. Therapists should be mindful of and address current economic distress which their clients are experiencing and be aware of the possible associations with all parts of the family system. Possible interventions in the parent-couple system and increasing both mother and father involvement are suggested.
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Baker-Thomas, Stephanie G. "Effects of parenting support groups on social support, marital support, and perceptions of infants." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49923.
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This study investigated the relationships among prepartum parenting support groups, social support, marital support, and maternal perceptions of infants. The subjects were 20 prospective first-time parents; nine of the 20 women attended the workshops with their husbands. Subjects completed measures of social support number and satisfaction (SSQ-S and SSQ-N), marital support (MAT), and perceptions of infants (NPI) at three times: prepartum, at one week postpartum, and at 8 weeks postpartum. Social support number and satisfaction, and marital support, were stable and highly correlated with each other at all three times. None of the support variables predicted perceptions of infants. Postpartum perceptions of infants were significantly more positive than prepartum perceptions, most likely due to increased experience with infants. Women with low levels of marital support were significantly more likely to experience Cesarean section birth. The design of this study was modest, utilizing no control group. Results are discussed in light of this limitation.Ph. D.
incomplete_metadata
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Wheeler, Brandan E. "Age Differences in Marriage: Exploring Predictors of Marital Quality in Husband-Older, Wife-Older, and Same-Age Marriages." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2572.
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Using data from a nationally representative sample of 723 married adults, this study explored the association of age differences between spouses at the time of marriage on various aspects of marital quality years into the marriage. Four groups (full sample, husband-older, wife-older, and same-age marriages) were compared to see how marital quality was affected by age difference and several other moderating variables. Spousal interactions increased among wife-older marriages, but not among the other groups. An increased level of husband participation in household labor was linked with an increase in marital happiness and a decrease in marital problems for wife-older marriages. It also was related to a decrease in marital happiness for husband-older marriages as well as a decrease in spousal interaction for all groups except wife-older marriages, which showed no significant association to the division of household labor. Finally, a more traditional approach to gender roles among the same-age marriages was associated with a decrease in marital problems and a decrease in spousal interaction.
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Danford, Kayla Sue. "100 Years to Live: Marital Experiences and Advice of Ohio Centenarian Women." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1303848437.
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Wexler, Steven M. "Interaction and comparison between a marriage enrichment seminar and small group dynamics as they effect couples' marital satisfaction." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Thornton, John Michael 1950. "A Study of the Relationships Among Social Interest, Marital Satisfaction, and Religious Participation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935590/.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible relationship between social interest and marital adjustment in a selected group of married couples. Another variable relating to spiritual well-being and religious participation is also considered. In the studies reviewed, the concept of social interest as proposed by Adler has been supported as a psychological construct. It has generally correlated with characteristics that are viewed as social interest components. By contrast, it has generally related negatively with characteristics that are inconsistent with the concept. Of the investigations conducted, most have focused on the relationship between social interest and some aspect of individual functioning, such as psychological well-being, health, mood states, and locus of control. There has been little investigation between social interest and some aspect of individual functioning, such as psychological well-being, health, mood states and locus of control. There has been little investigation between social interest and marital satisfaction and, additionally, the possible relationship to religious participation. The results of this study support a positive relationship between social interest and marital satisfaction, a positive relationship[ between social interest and religious participation, and a positive relationship between marital satisfaction and religious participation.
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Hunsaker, Stephen K. "The Relationships of Parental Marital Status, Quality of Family Interaction and Gender to Adolescent Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use." DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2387.
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The tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use of adolescents was examined to see if any differences existed in the marital status of the adolescent's parents, the quality of family interaction for the adolescent, and the gender of the adolescent. Marital status was defined as intact families where adolescents were living with both biological parents, and nonintact families where adolescents had parents who were single, divorced, widowed, never married, and remarried. Data were from a survey that examined youth issues of 500 adolescents from a rural Utah county. It was hypothesized that marital type and quality of family interaction (family kindness, family hurtfulness, and family communication) would have an effect on adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use.
Adolescents from intact families differed significantly from those in nonintact families in terms of substance use. This study also illustrated that being from an intact family is not enough to prevent adolescent substance use. Rather, the combination of having an intact family and perceiving family kindness had the greatest deterring effect on substance use among adolescents.
Family kindness had the greatest impact in deterring tobacco and alcohol use. Family hurtfulness, on the other hand, was the strongest indicator of marijuana use. Gender was a factor in only one of the dependent variables, tobacco, with males using more than females.
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De, Klerk Marissa. "Socio-demographic differences of work-life interaction among South African employees / Marissa de Klerk." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/732.
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South Africa, being a multicultural society, is faced with unique and unusual circumstances
that can influence the interaction between their work and personal lives. However, countries
can vary noticeably in cultural norms, values and gender-role beliefs, which can lead to the
different experience of work-life interaction. Because of these differences, South African
workers could experience the interaction between work and home in different ways, and this
interaction may manifest differently in various socio-demographic groups. This makes it
difficult to develop strategies and intervention programmes that will help workers integrate
their work and personal lives more effectively.
The general objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between socio-demographic
characteristics and four dimensions of work-home interaction and to establish
which socio-demographic characteristics best predict work-home interaction amongst South
African employees. A sample (n = 2040) was taken from four industries in South Africa (i.e.
police service, the earthmoving equipment industry, mining and nursing). A socio-demographic
questionnaire and the 'Survey Work-Home Interaction - Nijmegen' (SWING)
were used. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha coefficients, Pearson product-moment
correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to analyse the data. The results
indicated that robust predictors included occupation, gender and language for negative work-home
interference (WHI), occupation, language and age for positive WHI, language and
occupation for negative home-work interference (HWI) and language, occupation, age and
education for positive HWI.
Recommendations were made for organisations and for future research.Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
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Rogers, Stacy Jo. "The family context of children's social and emotional development : marital quality and mother-child interaction in mother- father and mother-stepfather families /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487846885777754.
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Barnes, Lauren Alyssa Bone. "The Relationship of Equal Division of Labor and Satisfaction of Division of Labor to Positive Parenting as Mediated by Parents' Relationship Quality." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2130.
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Couples learn to negotiate a complex intersection between household labor and family processes. Using both observational coding and questionnaire self report, this study examined the relationship between father and mothers' reported equality with their division-of-labor, their satisfaction with division-of-labor and their respective positive parenting as observed in taped interaction with a target child while controlling for quality of the relationship between the parents. Findings showed that egalitarian division of labor was positively related to satisfaction in division of labor and that egalitarian division of labor was a significant predictor of mothers' relationship quality, but not fathers' relationship quality. It also showed that fathers', but not mothers', marital relationship quality was found to be correlated with positive parenting and satisfaction with division of labor was a significant predictor of positive parenting for mothers, but not for fathers. Therapists should be mindful of and address the role division of labor plays in a family. Researchers should examine the use of a more comprehensive overview of division of labor tasks.
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Crowe, Laura Majella. "Social support in later life : the influence of retirement and marital status : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1320.
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The study explored the relationship between retirement and marital status and objective and subjective measures of social support. A secondary analysis was conducted on a sample of 6,662 men and women aged 55-70 years of age. Results of a series of 2-way ANOVAs revealed greater interaction with friends amongst retired individuals than those who were employed. Marital status was shown to be associated with interaction with family and levels of perceived social support. An interaction between retirement and marital status was also shown to influence levels of perceived social support. The results reveal that retirement and marital status have an individual and interaction effect on various measures of social support and indicate the importance of considering marital status when researching, educating and working with issues regarding retirement and social support.
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Interaminense, Patricia Guimarães. "Sentidos de família na perspectiva de crianças em conflito familiar judicializado." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16070.
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Sob o olhar sociointeracionista e com o apoio da perspectiva da Rede de Significações, a criança é compreendida como ativa construtora de seu desenvolvimento, sendo instada a interpretar seu entorno, criando uma versão sobre objetos e acontecimentos sociais que lhe afetam. A família é um objeto social relevante para a criança uma vez que se constitui como seu primeiro e mais próximo contexto de desenvolvimento. Este objeto é constantemente transformado por mudanças socioculturais e por rupturas de desenlaces que implicam novas configurações familiares. Como qualquer outro membro familiar a criança elabora novos sentidos frente às diferentes realidades. A presente investigação objetivou perscrutar significações sobre família em crianças de 5 a 11 anos, entre estas, crianças cujos pais estão em litígio na justiça por disputa de guarda ou regulamentação de visitas, no Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco (TJ-PE). Participaram da pesquisa 41 crianças, sendo 25 meninos e 16 meninas. Do total de participantes, oito foram crianças indicadas pelo Tribunal de Justiça, com a aquiescência da família, para constituírem as crianças focais deste estudo. As demais crianças foram convidadas a compor a situação coletiva de observação, usando-se o critério de pertencerem ao ciclo de amizade escolar das primeiras, a partir da indicação das professoras. Portanto, para cada criança focal existiram três, quatro ou cinco parceiros privilegiados, que compuseram as oito oficinas de brincadeiras para planejarem encenações teatrais sobre família. Em seguida, cada criança, individualmente, foi instada pela pesquisadora a conversar sobre família a partir de dois desenhos que lhe eram solicitados: o primeiro sobre “uma família”; e o segundo sobre “sua família”. Os resultados obtidos com as duas situações, a coletiva e a individual, mostram que as crianças consideram pertinentes à família diversos arranjos, como, por exemplo, famílias nucleares, monoparentais, recasadas ou extensas. Evidencia-se também que as relações familiares são predominantemente manifestações de cuidado, proteção e vinculação afetiva. Quanto à vivência de conflitos conjugais na família, das oito crianças focais quatro expressaram sentimentos de descontentamento ou revelaram indícios desse sentimento. Entretanto, ressalta-se que, mesmo diante das dificuldades decorrentes do conflito, no percurso cotidiano, essas crianças constroem novos sentidos de família, mas preservam seu papel primordial de cuidado, afeto e lugar de pertencimento.
Under the sociointeractionist perspective and with the support of the Network of Meanings perspective, the child is perceived as active constructor of their development, being asked to interpret their surroundings, creating a version of objects and social events affecting them. The family is an important social object to the child as it is their first and closest development context. This object is constantly transformed by sociocultural changes and disruptions of outcomes involving new family configurations. Like any other family member, the child develops new senses when facing different realities. This research aimed to scrutinize meanings of family in children 5-11 years. Among these are children whose parents are in court dispute for custody or regulation of visits, at the Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco (TJ-PE). The participants were 41 children, 25 boys and 16 girls. Of all participants, eight were children indicated by the Court, with the family's consent, to constitute the focal children in this study. The other children were invited to compose the collective situation of observation, using the criteria of belonging to the same school of the focal children, from the indication of the teachers. Therefore, for each focal child there were three, four or five close partners, who composed the eight workshops of games to plan theatrical productions about family. Then each individual was asked by the researcher to talk about family from two designs that it demanded: the first about "a family"; and the second on "your family". The results obtained with the two situations, the collective and the individual, show that children consider several modalities relevant to the family, such as nuclear families, single-parent, remarried or extensive families. It also shows that family relationships are predominantly care demonstration, protection and affectionate bonds. As for the experience of marital conflict in the family, among the eight focal children, four expressed feelings of dissatisfaction or showed evidence of that feeling. However, it is important to state that even with the difficulties arising from the conflict in daily life, these children make new meanings about family that preserve the primary role of care, affection and place of belonging.
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Ng, Wai-ling Jacqueline. "A comparative study of the interactional patterns between abusive and non-abusive couples." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31979336.
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Dainton, Marianne. "An examination of routine and strategic interactions in maintained marital relationships /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487850665557138.
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Ng, Wai-ling Jacqueline, and 吳惠玲. "A comparative study of the interactional patterns between abusive and non-abusive couples." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979336.
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Driver-Morford, Janice L. "Observations of newlywed interactions in conflict and in everyday life /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9059.
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Kusner, Katherine G. "Longitudinal Effects of Self-reported Marital Strengths on Couples' Observed Conflictual Interactions Across the Transition to Parenthood." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1372505867.
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Crowley, Anne Katherine. "The relationship of adult attachment style and interactive conflict styles to marital satisfaction." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1763.
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Winston, Brianne L. "The Influence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) on Marital Relationships." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42795.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on marital relationships. MCI refers to age-related decline in memory and other cognitive processes that do not necessarily interfere with daily activities or the maintenance of social relationships with others (Petersen et al., 1999). Using social exchange theory as the theoretical framework to guide this qualitative study, aspects of the marital relationship explored from the nonimpaired spouses’ perspective were couple interaction, intimacy, and the division of household labor.
In-depth interviews were conducted with five husbands and five wives (M age = 76.6 yrs., S.D. = 6.64). Open-ended interview questions that focus on issues specific to the marital relationship included: (a) range of activities participated in as a couple, (b) ways of showing care or affection toward one another, and (e) management of everyday life. In addition to participating in the semi-structured interviews, the spouses completed three standardized scales (e.g., Revised Memory & Behavior Problems Checklist, Zarit Burden Interview, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale). Their responses to these measures provided information about the memory and behavioral changes of the elder as it related to the outcomes for and responses of the spouse. Spouses noted both change and stability within their marriages. They expressed “mixed emotions” concerning the influence of MCI on both them as individuals and on their relationship. Husbands’ responses focused on the negative relationship outcomes (e.g., frustration, stress) associated with caring for a spouse with memory loss; however, wives reported higher levels of burden and depression on the standardized measures than did the husbands. Gender differences were found regarding how husbands and wives view their roles in context to the caregiving situation, as well as how they adapt and cope. Longitudinal research is needed to examine the changes in the dynamics of these late-life marital relationships over time.Master of Science
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Simpson, Samantha Karma-Jean. "Effects of Exercise on Clinical Couple Interactions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7702.
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Research has shown that exercise has the potential to improve couple relationships. This study contributes to current literature by examining the associations between exercise, its duration, and its intensity and daily clinical couple interactions. Participants were 22 married couples in a treatment-as-usual setting who completed daily diaries about daily behaviors and marital interactions. Multilevel models were run, and results showed that wives who exercised were more likely to report a negative interaction with their husband that day. When wives exercised longer, both they and their husbands were more likely to report positive interactions that day. Interestingly, if husbands exercised longer on a given day, their wives were less likely to report positive interactions and there was no association between husbands' perception of interactions and their own exercise duration. Finally, we found that when wives exercised more intensely, both she and her husband were less likely to report positive marital interactions. These results have implications for clinicians working with couples in therapy.
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Bender, Alexis A. "Patients, Partners, and Practitioners: Interactions and Meaning- Making Following Spinal Cord Injury." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/57.
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Sustaining a Spinal Cord Injury at any point in time is life altering – physically, emotionally, and financially – for all persons affected by the injury, but it can place unique challenges on younger married couples. This study examines the transition to injury for 18 couples (ages 21-55). Data were collected using individual interviews with each partner at three time points following injury, as well as observation in the rehabilitation setting (Creekview). This resulted in 96 individual interviews and 300 hours of observation. Using a combination of the life course perspective and cognitive sociology as guiding theoretical frameworks and grounded theory analysis, I examined how the health care institution influenced the couples’ relationships during their rehabilitation stay and the subsequent transition home. Overall, this study found that Creekview shaped a thought community that emphasizes a return to walking and high levels of physical recovery. Patients who achieved these goals constructed positive narratives about the future while those with lower levels of recovery constructed negative narratives over time. Additionally, because of the dominant medical narrative of wait and see regarding physical recovery, many respondents constructed fuzzy narratives about the future that reflect ambiguity about what life would look like following injury. Additionally, Creekview staff and couples accepted and reinforced the dominant cultural narrative that women are natural caregivers, but larger social structures of class, gender, and the division of paid and unpaid labor work together to push some women into caregiving faster or prevent other women from engaging in caregiving. Expanding on Aneshensel et al.’s (1995) caregiving career, this study examines how younger couples move through the caregiving career when the expected outcome is not long-term care placement or death. This study identified three main types of caregivers, each with their own path of caregiving – Naturalized, Constrained, and Resistant caregivers. Overall, the transition to injury is complex for patients and partners and this study highlights some of the ways the marital relationship is affected by a non-normative, unexpected transition.
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Ball, Susan Elizabeth. "Maternal socialization of toddler distress as a function of marital quality and dyadic versus triadic interactions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0024/MQ33976.pdf.
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Shapiro, Alyson F. "Examining relationships between the marriage, mother-father-baby interactions and infant emotion regulation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9182.
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McKelvie, Margaret L. m. d. "Depressive symptoms and mood responses to marital problem-solving interactions: Specificity and within and between spouse effects." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3315758.
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Sanmartí, Boixeda Neus. "Biological interactions and resilience of seagrass ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672259.
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Our world is subjected to a panoply of drivers of change. In this context, the understanding on how our biosphere resists, absorbs or is altered by the changes, appears as a hot question in ecology. In this respect, two ecological concepts appear as essential, resilience and biotic interactions. Resilience is related to how ecosystems persist under stress or suffering disturbances. Interactions among species are to a large part responsible for the delivery of ecosystem functions, and form the architecture of biodiversity. Moreover, a substantial part of ecosystem resilience is founded on species interactions. This thesis is an attempt to shed some light on these issues through the deep exploration of specific case studies in seagrass ecosystems, in particular how seagrasses respond to external drivers (or how resilient they are), how these responses affect species interactions and which mechanisms allow coexistence of species linked by positive and negative interactions. Our approach is based upon field observations and field manipulative experiments.
Chapter 1 shows how an increase of organic matter in sediment weakens the mutualism between the bivalve Loripes lucinalis and the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. The mechanism implied is the effect of this increase (and, probably, the resulting anoxia) on seagrass root morphology (plant trait), which results in a lower provision of habitat for the bivalves, whose abundance decreases. The weakening of the mutualism can potentially decrease the resilience of these ecosystems to eutrophication and, therefore, compromise their persistence.
Chapter 2 describes a facilitative cascade in which the seagrass C. nodosa favors the abundance of the pen shell Pinna nobilis, which positively affects the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, which in turn consumes the seagrass. We suggest that the persistence of this three-species assemblage rests on the very local impact of sea urchins on the seagrass, likely driven by behavioural and denso-dependent processes.
Chapter 3 and 4 show that fast-growing species such as C. nodosa are highly resilient to stress or disturbances when affecting only the aboveground parts, recovering fast (within two weeks) from a single event of disturbance. C. nodosa shows several mechanisms of tolerance, such as compensatory growth, reallocation of internal resources and enhancement of the formation of new modules, when coping to repeated defoliation simulating herbivory. However, when the
belowground parts are lost by disturbances, recovery is highly delayed up to two years and is dependent on the characteristics of the disturbance such as size and timing.
Overall, this research has contributed to increase our understanding on how ecosystems respond to changes and how species interactions are maintained and disrupted. We have shown that environmental changes can alter the functioning of seagrass ecosystems at least in two directions. Firstly, by altering fundamental biological interactions, such as the seagrass-lucinid mutualism and, secondly, by affecting the resilience of ecosystems dominated by a foundation species, which promote species coexistence. Advances in the two complementary and interlinked directions will be crucial to better manage and preserve ecosystems and prevent their potential collapse under the increasing human-induced change the world is submitted to.El nostre món està sotmès a un ampli ventall de forces que tendeixen a provocar canvis. En aquest context, entendre com la biosfera resisteix, absorbeix o és alterada per aquestes forces resulta una qüestió candent, especialment per l'ecologia. Al respecte, dos conceptes ecològics esdevenen essencials: la resiliència i les interaccions biològiques. La resiliència és la capacitat de persistència o recuperació que tenen els ecosistemes sotmesos a estrès o pertorbacions. Les interaccions entre espècies (efectes de l'existència d'una espècie sobre la fitness d'una altra) contribueixen al manteniment de les funcions ecosistèmiques i, en un cert sentit, constitueixen l'arquitectura de la biodiversitat. A més, la resiliència dels ecosistemes depèn , en gran part, d’aquestes interaccions. Aquesta tesi és un intent d’aprofundir en els aspectes esmentats a través d'una sèrie de casos d’estudi en ecosistemes d’angiospermes marines. Concretament, el que fem és estudiar com els ecosistemes d’angiospermes marines responen a les forces causants de canvis, com aquestes respostes vénen mitjançades per canvis en la interacció entre espècies, i provar d'esbrinar els mecanismes que permeten la coexistència d’espècies que es troben vinculades per interaccions positives i negatives. La nostra aproximació es basa tant en observacions com en experiments en el camp. El Capítol 1 mostra com un increment de matèria orgànica en el sediment debilita el mutualisme entre el bivalve Loripes lucinalis i l’angiosperma marina Cymodocea nodosa. El mecanisme implicat que es proposa per explicar-ho està relacionat amb la plasticitat morfològica de la planta. Així, un increment en la matèria orgànica del sediment (i, probablement, l’anòxia que se'n segueix), fa que la planta modifiqui la morfologia de les seves arrels, que esdevenen molt menys ramificades i fan disminuir per tant la disponibilitat d'hàbitat per als bivalves. Una debilitació del mutualisme pot, potencialment, disminuir la resiliència d’aquests ecosistemes a l’eutrofització i, per tant, comprometre la seva persistència. El Capítol 2 descriu una cascada de facilitació en la qual l’angiosperma marina C. nodosa afavoreix l’abundància del gran bivalve Pinna nobilis, que ajuda a incrementar l'abundància de la garota Paracentrotus lividus, que al seu torn consumeix l’angiosperma. Suggerim que la persistència d’aquest sistema de tres espècies, aparentment inestable (tres interaccions concatenades circularment, dues de positives i una de negativa) es basa en què la interacció negativa (l’efecte de les garotes sobre l’angiosperma) té un abast molt limitat, probablement degut tant al seu comportament alimentari com a les defenses de la planta enfront de l'herbivorisme. Els Capítols 3 i 4 mostren que les espècies de creixement ràpid, com ara C. nodosa, són altament resilients a l'estrès o a les pertorbacions quan aquestes afecten només les parts aèries de les plantes (defoliació parcial o total), recuperant-se ràpidament (dues setmanes) després d'una pertorbació puntual en el temps. C. nodosa mostra diversos mecanismes de tolerància a la defoliació, com ara el creixement compensatori, la reassignació de recursos interns i l’increment en la taxa de formació de nous mòduls. Tanmateix, quan les pertorbacions provoquen la pèrdua de les parts subterrànies (rizomes i arrels), la recuperació és molt més lenta, i triga fins a dos anys. A més, aquesta recuperació depèn de les característiques de la pertorbació com ara la mida de l'àrea afectada i l’època de l'any en què es produeix. En general, aquesta tesi ha contribuït a comprendre millor les respostes dels ecosistemes als canvis. Hem pogut documentar alguns processos que permeten la coexistència entre espècies, així com mecanismes de resiliència específics que esdevenen ecosistèmics quan es manifesten en espècies fundadores d'hàbitat. També hem demostrat com els canvis, més enllà d'afectar espècies individuals més o menys emblemàtiques, poden provocar alteracions de formes més subtils, com ara erosionant la seva resiliència mitjançant la modificació d’interaccions biològiques. Els avenços en totes aquestes direccions complementàries i interrelacionades són crucials per a gestionar i preservar els ecosistemes i evitar el seu possible col·lapse.
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Nilsson, Jonathan. "FRAM i främmande farvatten : En funktionell resonans analys på högfartsnavigering i maritim miljö." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94570.
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This is a study that was conducted during a three day exercise of the Swedish Armed Forces called “Amfibieförbandet”, which is shortened as AMF, in Gothenburg. During the exercise three scientists followed the crew on the boats and this is one of the studies that became the result of the observation made during the exercise. The boats that was used during the three days were the boat called “Stridsbåt 90H” by the Swedish armed forces. The term easily translates to “Battleboat 90H”.The aim for this study was to apply an FRAM(functional resonance analysis method) on the high speed navigation that AMF conducts during their operations. This is one of the first times that a FRAM is used in the maritime environment and the first that is used at the AMF. It is also the first FRAM that focuses on high speed navigation in maritime environments. In this report there will be a presentation of the FRAM and what it is and how to use it.The FRAM has later been applied to the collected data from the observations during the three day exercise with AMF. The study’s main concern and aim to reach is the building of a FRAM, mostly to see how AMF really navigate in practice and how this sociotechnological system vary in its normal performances. The result will give an indication on how AMF:s navigation can be improved to be faster and safer, the result will also show if FRAM is an effective method to use in a maritime environment.Denna studie har genomförts i den maritima miljön som är amfibieförbundet(AMF) i Göteborg, Sverige. Studiens syfte var att kartlägga AMF:s sätt att navigera i hög fart. Stridsbåt 90H var båten som deltagarna i studien navigerat i. Förutom att kartlägga metodiken som AMF använder så var även syftet att genom FRAM(functional resonance analysis method) få fram hur AMF:s normala prestation såg ut när det kommer till navigering i hög fart. Studien i sig är därmed även ett test i att se om FRAM går att använda på maritima miljöer och ifall det med hjälp av metoden kan komma fram till användbara resultat.
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Gagnon, Denise. "Santé psychologique, qualité et interactions maritales des personnes souffrant de fibromyalgie : une étude controlée /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1522/24611831.
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Thèse (M.Ps.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2006."Mémoire présenté présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en psychologie offerte à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières." CaQTU Comprend des réf. bibliogr. : f. [111]-133. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQTU
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Montanari, Serena. "Microsatellite variation and reproductive interactions of common and Egyptian soles in Mediterranean sympatric demes." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1802/.
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Lindeman, Keith Gilmore. "Adult loneliness: individual and interactive relationships of the perception of family of origin, current social network, marital status, and gender /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487853913100918.
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Boll, Pamela Guyler. "Interactional characteristics of facial pain patients and their spouses: Assessment of self-report and behavioral observation measures of cohesion, adaptability, and marital satisfaction." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618601.
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Twenty-four facial pain patients and their spouses were videotaped answering questions concerning their relationships. This study was designed to more objectively support the clinical impressions of the MCV/VCU TMJ and Facial Pain Research Center's treatment team's view of the interactional characteristics of these couples. Prior to the team offering brief couples psychotherapy for assistance in the resolution of the pain problem, the team needed to assess the pain couples' relationship variables. Adherence to health care providers' recommendations is typically minimal unless all participants agree that specific treatment is warranted. There appears to be a lack of understanding among patients, their families, and health care providers as to the contributing factors in the maintenance and continuation of pain. This study describes the spousal unit in an effort to individualize care and treatment for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients and their families.;The pain couples' were rated by two trained family therapists on the dimensions of Cohesion, Adaptability, Communication, and Marital Satisfaction (measured by the Clinical Rating Scale and a clinical rating (CR) of Marital Satisfaction) and compared to the self-report (SR) ratings of the pain patients and their spouses (measured by the FACES-III). The couples were placed by group (Balanced, Mid-Range, or Extreme) on the Circumplex Model, and the pain patients were examined as to their reported difference in perceived pain (sensory and affective pain measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)).;The results of the study indicate that pain patients and their spouses were highly correlated with each other on the FACES-III and were Congruent. They scored within the normative range on Cohesion and were 1.5 S.D.'s above the normative mean for adults on Adaptability. Five couples were Balanced, twelve Mid-Range, and seven Extreme as for family group on the Circumplex Model; and significant relationships were found (a) between CRS/CR and SR and (b) between groups in perceived pain.
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Di, Francesco Nicola. "Species identification, distributioin and reproductive interactions of common smoot-hound and blackspotted smooth-hound shark (Genus mustelus) in the Adriatic Sea." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2170/.
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Longstanding taxonomic ambiguity and uncertainty exist in the identification of the common (M. mustelus) and blackspotted (M. punctulatus) smooth-hound in the Adriatic Sea. The lack of a clear and accurate method of morphological identification, leading to frequent misidentification, prevents the collation of species-specific landings and survey data for these fishes and hampers the delineation of the distribution ranges and stock boundaries of the species. In this context, adequate species-specific conservation and management strategies can not be applied without risks of population declining and local extinction.
In this thesis work I investigated the molecular ecology of the two smooth-hound sharks which are abundant in the demersal trawl surveys carried out in the NC Adriatic Sea to monitor and assess the fishery resources. Ecological and evolutionary relationships were assessed by two molecular tests: a DNA barcoding analysis to improve species identification (and consequently the knowledge of their spatial ecology and taxonomy) and a hybridization assay based on the nuclear codominant marker ITS2 to evaluate reproductive interactions (hybridization or gene introgression).
The smooth-hound sharks (N=208) were collected during the MEDITS 2008 and 2010 campaigns along the Italian and Croatian coasts of the Adriatic Sea, in the Sicilian Channel and in the Algerian fisheries. Since the identification based on morphological characters is not strongly reliable, I performed a molecular identification of the specimens producing for each one the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequence (ca. 640 bp long) and compared them with reference sequences from different databases (GenBank and BOLD).
From these molecular ID data I inferred the distribution of the two target species in the NC Adriatic Sea. In almost the totality of the MEDITS hauls I found no evidence of species sympatry. The data collected during the MEDITS survey showed an almost different distribution of M. mustelus (confined along the Italian coasts) and M. punctulatus (confined along the Croatian coasts); just one sample (Gulf of Venice, where probably the ranges of the species overlap) was found to have catches of both the species.
Despite these data results suggested no interaction occurred between my two target species at least during the summertime (the period in which MEDITS survey is carried out), I still wanted to know if there were inter-species reproductive interactions so I developed a simple molecular genetic method to detect hybridization.
This method is based on DNA sequence polymorphism among species in the nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 locus (ITS2).
Its application to the 208 specimens collected raised important questions regarding the ecology of this two species in the Adriatic Sea. In fact results showed signs of hybridization and/or gene introgression in two sharks collected during the trawl survey of 2008 and one collected during the 2010 one along the Italian and Croatian coasts. In the case that it will be confirmed the hybrid nature of these individuals, a spatiotemporal overlapping of the mating behaviour and ecology must occur. At the spatial level, the northern part of the Adriatic Sea (an area where the two species occur with high frequency of immature individuals) could likely play the role of a common nursery area for both species.
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Bauer, Michael G., Chauney Peck, Aubrey Studebaker, and Naomi Yu. "Art Therapy and Evidence-Based Practice: An Exploration of Interactions." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2015. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/167.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes and beliefs of art therapists towards Evidence-Based Practices (EBP). EBP is a rising trend in healthcare that refers to the process of using empirically validated research to make clinical decisions that best meet the needs of each client (Patterson, Miller, Carnes & Wilson, 2004).The investigators used a mixed methods approach to the research topic. Part A consists of a survey distributed to graduates of the Department of Marital and Family Therapy (MFT) at Loyola Marymount University (LMU). In addition to answering questions, survey participants were asked to create an art response depicting their perspective on the relationship between art therapy and EBP. In the second phase (Part B), the researchers used an arts-based methodology to further explore the findings from Part A. Part B involved the creation of key idea cards pulled from the literature review and the findings, individual art responses by each investigator, and verbal and written analyses of the content and process. The idea that art therapists are already integrating EBP and art therapy in their practices emerged as the major finding of the research. This realization that clinicians are already at the intersection of EBP and art therapy was a contrast to the cautious divided attitudes that were discovered in the literature review. Further research could not only strengthen the evidence base of art therapy, but also illuminate how exactly therapists have managed to bridge the gap between EBP and art therapy.
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Castillo, de la Peña Yaiza M. "Interactions between marine picoeukaryotes and their viruses one cell at a time = Interacciones entre picoeucariotas marinos y sus virus célula a célula." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668341.
Full textAbstract:
Marine viruses are key components of marine microbial communities, as they influence the cellular abundances and the community structure of microbes, participate in their genetic exchange, and intervene in the ocean biogeochemical cycles. Most studies dealing with the role of viruses in the marine environment have been done from a bulk community point of view, but going from the bulk community perspective to specific virus─host relationships is essential in order to understand the role of viruses in shaping a determined host community, in modifying host genomes, and ultimately in the release of organic compounds from the lysed cells. For this reason, in this thesis we implemented and applied different methodologies that are able to detect, visualize and quantify virus─host interactions in marine eukaryotes at the single cell level. We focused on picoeukaryotes (cells <3 µm) because they play crucial roles in marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles, and virus─host interactions in natural populations of these minute eukaryotes are largely unknown.
In the first chapter we combined previously developed techniques, used to assess prokaryotic host─phage interactions, to implement VirusFISH for detecting specific virus─host dynamics, using as a model system the photosynthetic picoeukaryote Ostreoccocus tauri and its virus OtV5. With the VirusFISH technique, we could also monitor the infection, as well as quantify the free viruses produced during the lysis of the host in a non-axenic culture, which allowed the calculation of the burst size. This study set the ground for the application of the VirusFISH technique to natural samples.
In the second chapter of this thesis, we applied VirusFISH to seawater samples from the Bay of Biscay (Cantabrian Sea) to study the dynamics of viral infection in natural populations of Ostreococcus along a seasonal cycle. We were able to quantify the percentage of cells infected over time, and compared these results with the transcriptional viral and host activities derived from metatranscriptomic data. This constitutes the first study where a specific viral─host interaction has been visualized and monitored over time in a natural system.
Picoeukaryotes in the ocean are prevalently uncultured, and thus, in the third chapter of this thesis we went an step further to unveil novel viral─host relationships in eukaryotic uncultured hosts. For this purpose, we mined single amplified genomes (SAGs) of picoeukaryotes obtained during the Tara Oceans expedition for viral signatures. We found that almost 60% of the cells analyzed presented an associated virus with narrow host specificity. Some of the viral sequences were widely distributed and some geographically constrained, and they were preferentially found at the deep chlorophyll maximum. Moreover, we found a mavirus virophage potentially integrated in four SAGs of two different lineages, suggesting the presence of virophages is more common than previously thought.
In summary, in this thesis we have implemented and used techniques that allow us to detect and monitor specific virus─host interactions, which is one of the major challenges in marine viral ecology. On the one hand, VirusFISH arises as a powerful technique that can be easily adapted to any host─virus system that has been genome-sequenced. On the other hand, the results obtained with the single cell genomics offer the opportunity to formulate hypothesis based on detected viral─host interactions in uncultured prevalent marine picoeukaryotes, which can be later tested using experimental approaches.Se han realizado muchos estudios sobre el rol de los virus en ambientes marinos desde el punto de vista de comunidad global, pero es esencial que vayamos hacía una visión más específica de relación virus─hospedador. Por ello, en esta tesis implementamos y aplicamos diferentes metodologías para estudiar interacciones virus─hospedador, centrándonos en picoeucariotas marinos ya que se conoce muy poco de ellos en poblaciones naturales. En el primer capítulo implementamos la técnica VirusFISH, permitiendo detectar dinámicas específicas virus─hospedador eucarióticos, usando como modelo Ostreococcus tauri y su virus OtV5. VirusFISH permitió monitorizar la infección, cuantificar en un cultivo no axénico los virus libres producidos durante la lisis y calcular el tamaño de explosión. Este estudio estableció la base para la aplicación de VirusFISH en muestras naturales. En el segundo capítulo aplicamos VirusFISH en muestras de agua natural para estudiar las dinámicas de infección en Ostreococcus. Cuantificamos el porcentaje de células infectadas durante un ciclo estacional y lo comparamos con las actividades transcripcionales de virus y Ostreococcus spp. Este constituye el primer estudio donde se visualiza y monitoriza una interacción específica virus─hospedador en el tiempo en un sistema natural. En el tercer capítulo descubrimos nuevas relaciones virus─hospedador en células no cultivadas, analizando genomas amplificados individuales de picoeucariotas, encontrando que la mayoría de las células presentaron al menos un virus. Estas secuencias víricas se encontraron preferentemente en el máximo profundo de clorofila, algunas de ellas ampliamente distribuidas por los océanos y otras constreñidas geográficamente. Además, encontramos un virofago mavirus potencialmente integrado en dos linajes distintos, sugiriendo que los virofagos son más comunes de lo que se pensaba. En resumen, hemos implementado y usado técnicas que nos han permitido detectar y monitorizar interacciones específicas virus─hospedador, uno de los mayores retos en la ecología microbiana marina. Por un lado, VirusFISH surge como una técnica potente que puede ser fácilmente adaptada a cualquier sistema virus─hospedador del cual tengamos el genoma secuenciado. Por otro lado, los resultados obtenidos con la genómica de célula individual muestran la oportunidad de formular hipótesis basadas en interacciones virus─hospedador detectadas en picoeucariotas marinos no cultivados, que pueden ser posteriormente testadas mediante aproximaciones experimentales.
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Bacher, Kathrin. "Interactions between fish farming, wild fish populations, local fisheries and society: a case study in Catalonia, Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284844.
Full textAbstract:
The overarching goal of this doctoral thesis was to advance the understanding of the interactions between marine fish farming, wild fish populations, the local small-scale fishery and the society. This thesis was designed as a multi-disciplinary study and is divided into three different sections: ecology (chapter 1 and 2), fisheries (chapter 3) and social science (chapter 4).
In the ecological part we examined the spatial and temporal extent of the attraction effect of wild fish at an Atlantic bluefin tuna and a Gilthead seabream farm. At both farms wild fish aggregated closely to the cage structure, revealing an abrupt decline of fish abundance rather than a gradient. The intensity of the cage effect varied according to farm, season and depth. At the seabream farm, the cage effect persisted year round, whereas at the tuna farm, the effect was restricted to summer and spring.
The variability of wild fish aggregations within the Gilthead seabream farm was analyzed because it can be a distorting factor in estimating the farm attraction effect. Our findings showed that at the surface, fish abundance was significantly higher during feeding compared with non-feeding periods. Moreover, the distance from the feeding vessel significantly influenced fish aggregations in the water column. At the bottom, substrate type was the dominant factor explaining aggregation variability.
The effect of fish farming on the small-scale fishery was evaluated in order to determine whether farms act as protection zones or as traps for wild fish populations. The findings revealed a relevant amount of commercial and recreational fishing effort in farm vicinity. However, the results showed no benefit or difference of fishing in close proximity to the farm compared to areas away from the farm (in terms of yield, income, and catch composition). Yet, farm-aggregated fish are vulnerable to hidden fishing practices inside the farm.
The analysis of the perception of marine fish farming in Catalonia was performed with five key stakeholder-groups (NGOs, local fishermen, fish farming industry, scientists and regional administration). Four perceptions were identified; two represented divergent views and two intermediate positions. Environmental impacts were not perceived as a high risk by the majority of the participants. The major weaknesses were attributed to economic (e.g. price competition with other producer countries) and social issues (e.g. lack of credible information about farmed products).
Overall, this thesis provides new information about the complex dynamics of wild fish aggregations at marine fish farms and investigates how this attraction effect influences the local small-scale fishery. Moreover, an understanding of the different perceptions on marine fish farming can help to secure a social, economic and environmental sustainable activity.Esta tesis persigue avanzar en el conocimiento de las interacciones de la piscicultura marina, de carácter multidisciplinar y estructurada en tres áreas: ecología (capítulos 1 y 2), pesca (capítulo 3) y ciencias sociales (capítulo 4). En el área de ecología, se analizó la extensión espacial y temporal del efecto atractor de peces salvajes sobre dos tipos de granjas: atún rojo (Thunnus thynnus) y dorada (Sparus aurata). En ambas el efecto atractor se restringía al límite de las jaulas, variando estacionalmente y en profundidad. Las diferencias entre granjas, permanente en doradas y estacional en atunes, se deben a diferencias en la composición específica asociadas con la localización y tipo de cultivo. El análisis de la variabilidad interna en la comunidad íctica se analizó ya que podría ser un factor distorsionador en la estimación del efecto atractor. Los resultados mostraron que la abundancia de peces en superficie disminuía significativamente en los períodos de no alimentación y durante la alimentación las concentraciones de peces disminuían en función de la distancia al barco alimentador. Por el contrario, la variabilidad de agregación en el fondo dependía exclusivamente del tipo de sustrato. La interacción con la pesca artesanal se evaluó con el fin de conocer si las granjas actúan como zonas de protección o como trampas para los peces salvajes. Los resultados no mostraron beneficio, detrimento o diferencia de la pesca en las proximidades de la granja respecto a zonas distantes (en términos de producción, ingresos y composición de las capturas). El análisis de la percepción de la acuicultura, indicador del escenario de aceptación y de elementos clave para su desarrollo, se realizó sobre cinco grupos de interés (ONGs, pescadores locales, industria de la piscicultura, científicos y administración regional) en el marco regional de Cataluña. Se identificaron cuatro percepciones; dos claramente divergentes y dos de posturas intermedias. Los impactos ambientales no fueron percibidos como de alto riesgo por la mayoría de los actores. Las principales debilidades fueron atribuidas a aspectos económicos (p. ej. la competencia con otros países productores) y sociales (p. ej. la falta de información acerca de la credibilidad de los productos acuícolas).