Academic literature on the topic 'Marine resource extraction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Marine resource extraction"
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Bryden, Ian G., and Scott J. Couch. "ME1—marine energy extraction: tidal resource analysis." Renewable Energy 31, no. 2 (February 2006): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2005.08.012.
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Figueroa, Félix L. "Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids from Marine Resource." Marine Drugs 19, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19010018.
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In the last 10 years, a great number of publications (both regular papers and reviews) have been published on the interesting molecules—mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Despite significant advances in the research of MAAs, current overviews in the recent publications involving MAA research still need reporting. The aim of this Special Issue is to join, as an interdisciplinary approach, the photochemical and photobiological aspects, with emphasis on new natural resources to obtain both algae and zooplankton MAAs, advances in methodology of extraction and chemical identification of new MAAs. Finally, this Special Issue reviews the bioactivities of MAAs including UVR screen, antioxidant, immunostimulant, growth factor, DNA protection, inhibition of collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase, and anti-photoaging, among others, and their potential use as nutracosmeceutic molecules (i.e., oral and topic photoprotector).
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Bourban, Sébastien E., Noémie D. C. Durand, Tom T. Coates, Lindsay Gill, Michael Harper, and Richardson Stephen. "MODELLING TIDAL ENERGY RESOURCE AND EXTRACTION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 31, 2011): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.posters.6.
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A number of areas around the UK coast are being investigated as possible locations for tidal energy harnessing. Detailed assessment using regional hydrodynamic modelling supported by field measurements can be used to quantify the energy resource and to determine limitations in the potential development area, including those due to the interactions between waves and tides. Two case studies illustrate the techniques applied and the implications for tidal device deployment: (a) Marine Current Turbines (MCT) are planning to deploy an array of their SeaGen tidal devices off the northwest Anglesey coast, UK; and (b) THETIS Energy Ltd are planning a development off the north Northern Ireland coast in the North Channel.
The sites are characterised by moderately severe wave conditions, strong currents, and complex geomorphologic features, yielding highly variable and spatially complex, tidal range dependent current patterns. The regional hydrodynamic models (based on the TELEMAC system, an unstructured finite element solver from Electricité de France, now publicly distributed under an open source license) were calibrated against good quality field data for both sites, and captured the strong variability of the currents to a grid resolution of about 10 m over 30-day tidal cycles. Some areas were found to have strong currents on the flood tide but much weaker currents on the ebb, and vice versa and directions were not necessarily opposite. Areas with appropriate water depths, consistently good flow characteristics and, therefore, commercially attractive energy resource comprised only parts of the pre-selected sites.
Off the northwest Anglesey coast, the TELEMAC-2D hydrodynamic model was complemented with a third generation wave transformation model. The local wave conditions are strongly affected by currents, giving rise to potentially dangerous conditions for construction and maintenance operations, as well as complex forces on the energy devices. By simulating the power take-off and physical characteristics of the MCT SeaGen devices, the hydrodynamic model was used to assess the impact of individual devices on the current regime and the actual energy available from the proposed arrays taking account of wake effects (Figure 1). The extent and intensity of the wake areas were calibrated to some degree against field data obtained from the MCT Lynmouth SeaFlow deployment (installed May 2003). Wakes could extend over a significant area, requiring careful placement of the individual devices within each array to avoid reduction in power generation.
Off the north Northern Ireland coast, the TELEMAC-3D hydrodynamic model was used to produce maximum and average kinetic power density maps to identify useful site survey locations. The presence of an amphidromic point not far from the site, with virtually no tidal range yet strong currents, was correctly reproduced by the hydrodynamic model. The modelling study followed or exceeded the Assessment of Tidal Energy Resource guidance set by the European Marine Energy Centre for a full feasibility stage. In particular, comparisons with observed bed-mounted current data showed differences in maximum speed at various elevations throughout the water column within 5% or better at two of the three sites (spring tide currents).
Numerical modelling has proven to be effective and critical in investigating possible locations for tidal energy harnessing at a number of areas around the UK coast.
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Sørensen, Ann-Dorit Moltke, Adane Tilahun Getachew, and Charlotte Jacobsen. "Starfish (Asterias rubens) as a New Source of Marine Lipids: Effect of Season, Size and Oil Extraction Methods." Foods 11, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 2998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11192998.
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The increasing demand for oils that contain health-beneficial omega-3 fatty acids calls for new resources or better utilization of existing resources, such as side-streams or underutilized resources to maintain a sustainable fishery. Starfish has been, until recently, an unexploited resource with limited utilization. Currently, starfish is processed into starfish meal for feed. However, the content of bioactive compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids and phospholipids, could make it a new source of marine oil containing omega-3 fatty acids for human consumption. The aim of this study was to map the composition of bioactive compounds in starfish and starfish meal at different harvesting times to elucidate the content and variation over seasons. The results showed that starfish is a good source of marine omega-3 fatty acids and rich in phospholipids. Some variation was observed in the composition, especially for EPA bound to phospholipids, which was significantly higher in the spring. Traditional extraction using heat and mechanical separation was not applicable to the starfish, and neither was enzyme-assisted extraction. On the other hand, the supercritical CO2 extraction method using EtOH as a co-solvent seemed to be a promising green technology for extracting not only non-polar lipids, but also polar lipids, such as phospholipids. However, the conditions for extraction need further optimization.
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Zhou, Haiyi, Pengcheng Jiao, and Yingtien Lin. "Emerging Deep-Sea Smart Composites: Advent, Performance, and Future Trends." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 17, 2022): 6469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186469.
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To solve the global shortage of land and offshore resources, the development of deep-sea resources has become a popular topic in recent decades. Deep-sea composites are widely used materials in abyssal resources extraction, and corresponding marine exploration vehicles and monitoring devices for deep-sea engineering. This article firstly reviews the existing research results and limitations of marine composites and equipment or devices used for resource extraction. By combining the research progress of smart composites, deep-sea smart composite materials with the three characteristics of self-diagnosis, self-healing, and self-powered are proposed and relevant studies are summarized. Finally, the review summarizes research challenges for the materials, and looks forward to the development of new composites and their practical application in conjunction with the progress of composites disciplines and AI techniques.
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Chettiar, Niranjwan, Sumesh Narayan, Jai Nendran Goundar, and Ashneel Deo. "Design of a Gorlov Turbine for Marine Current Energy Extraction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 772 (July 2015): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.772.556.
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As fossil fuels near depletion and their detrimental side effects become prominent on ecosystems, the world searches renewable sources of energy. Marine current energy is an emerging and promising renewable energy resource. Marine current energy can be alternative energy source for electricity production. Many marine current converters are designed to tap marine current energy; however, Gorlov turbine proves to have minimum manufacturing and maintenance cost, hence giving desired power output. A 0.3m diameter and 0.6m long 3 bladed Gorlov turbine was designed, fabricated and test to analyse its performance. The turbine produces average power 15 W and proves to be quite efficient for marine current energy extraction.
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Carver, Rosanna. "Resource sovereignty and accumulation in the blue economy: the case of seabed mining in Namibia." Journal of Political Ecology 26, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.23025.
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<p>Following its global emergence, the blue economy agenda is now touted as a mechanism through which the Republic of Namibia can achieve long-term sustainable and equitable growth. In (re)defining the ocean, seabed mining has been central to these discussions. Drawing on fieldwork and semi-structured interviews undertaken with key actors in Namibia and South Africa, between 2016 and 2017, as well as recent policy debates and discourse surrounding the potential extraction of marine phosphate in Namibia this article critically examines the framing of the marine environment as an extractive space. The blue economy presents opportunities for new forms of capitalist accumulation and this has resulted in struggles over who can accumulate in the marine sphere. This article therefore analyses the emerging and competing claims to sovereignty over this "new" resource frontier, including by state and non-state actors, and identifies which actors have been included or excluded from the blue economy agenda. In discussing sovereignty over this frontier and resources therein, it undertakes a rigorous analysis of the complications created by the ocean as a three-dimensional, voluminous, "borderless" space.</p><p><strong>Key Words: </strong>Namibia, seabed mining, sovereignty, frontier, blue economy, EEZ</p>
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Miao, Ying Xia, Shu Xun Wang, Lu Yang Li, Tian Xiang Jiang, and Jing Wang. "Marine Environment Impact Analysis and Countermeasures on Sea Water Utilization Project." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 882–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.882.
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Sea water utilization projects are catching attention as the seawater utilization industry continues to grow. This paper analyzes the marine environment impact from different kind of sea water utilization projects such as seawater desalination, direct seawater utilization and seawater chemical resource extraction, and brieflypresents relevant countermeasures.
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Waldner, Jeffrey, Jeffrey Reidenauer, Lora Turner, Paul Knorr, and Leighann Brandt. "BUILDING A NATIONAL SAND RESOURCE INVENTORY FOR THE US CONTINENTAL SHELF." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.88.
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The future of coastal resilience or restoration plans which implement natural or nature-based features largely depends upon the identification of proximate and compatible offshore sand and gravel material. BOEM’s Marine Minerals Program (MMP) is multi-faceted, focusing on coordinated leasing of sediment for extraction, inventorying sediment resources through geological and geophysical surveys of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), and environmental studies and reviews to inform decisions.
However, on a national scale, little is known about the character, quantity, and location of sand resources on the OCS and the habitat it provides for biological communities. BOEM places a high priority on creating a comprehensive national sand resource inventory to meet BOEM’s mandate as stewards of all federal mineral resources on the OCS. This stewardship responsibility will be realized by proactively planning for the increasing demands for OCS resources and emergency needs as they arise.
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Starosielski, Nicole. "Resource Operations of the Ecological Digital Humanities." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 2 (March 2016): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.2.401.
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Large-scale industrial processes and networks of extraction, slow violences wrought across toxic landscapes, and rapidly shifting atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic cycles are altering the conditions of human and nonhuman existence in ways that challenge the limits of existing media technologies. The last of these transformations—the fluctuating distributions of water—is the focus of this essay. Hydrologists are struggling to model and predict the intensities of drought, the changing supply of watersheds, the dispersions of chemicals through streams and rivers, and the failures of aging infrastructure. Water transports contaminants too small to identify by sight, requiring technologies that can register tiny particles on a massive scale. Water complicates boundary-making projects—it moves easily across local and regional zones, human and nonhuman bodies, and atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecologies. Global weather patterns and distribution infrastructures shape its circulation, yet its material effects depend greatly on local conditions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marine resource extraction"
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Loftus, Molly R. "Coastal Environmental Policies and Water: Environmental Values in Ghana and Senegal." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1082.
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This thesis provides a comparative analysis of the environmental values present in Ghana’s and Senegal’s coastal regions, and the implications that those have for the surrounding environment. The countries approaches to urban farming, mining and oil and gas extraction, fishing, marine debris and municipal waste management are assessed in order to reach a greater understanding of these environmental issues. In undertaking this thesis, I attempted to draw a correlation between the handling of these issues and how people perceive their environment. Through the comparison of environmental degradation and the level of effort to achieve a more sustainable developmental framework in both countries, I draw examples from successes in Senegal’s coastal management framework to recommend appropriate environmental policy for the Greater Accra Region.
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Krzysiak, Amanda J. "The isolation and characterization of natural products from marine plants and microorganisms /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/krzysiaka/amandakrzysiak.pdf.
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Reiche-De, Vigan Stéphanie. "Le droit et l'espace souterrain. Enjeux de propriété et de souveraineté en droit international et comparé." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3044.
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L’espace souterrain, qui s’étend depuis la surface des terres émergées et des fonds marins jusqu’au centre de la Terre, est délaissé par le droit international. Aucune règle de droit international positif ne vient réglementer l’utilisation que les Etats font de leur espace souterrain territorial, cette utilisation et le régime de la propriété souterraine faisant partie de leur domaine réservé. Si les normes internationales régissent l’utilisation de l’espace souterrain extra-territorial, celui des grands fonds marins et celui de l’Antarctique, elles n’appréhendent l’espace souterrain qu’en termes d’utilisation et de mise en valeur des ressources minérales. De ce régime juridique d’exploration et d’exploitation des ressources minérales dépend d’ailleurs le statut juridique de l’espace souterrain qui va de la pleine souveraineté de l’Etat côtier à l’exclusion de toute appropriation nationale ou individuelle. Devant la multiplication des utilisations souterraines et face aux dommages environnementaux et aux violations des droits de l’homme liés à certaines de ces utilisations, le droit international doit réinvestir l’espace souterrain et notamment le contenu et l’étendue des droits qui le concernent tant dans l’ordre interne qu’international afin d’en réglementer la mise en valeur et d’en assurer la protectionUntil today, there has been little interest of international Law concerning the earth’s subsurface, as the space that extends from the surface of the soil or of the seabed to the center of the earth. On the one hand, there is no rule of international law that regulates the use Sovereign States have of their territorial subsurface. It is currently understood that subsburface activities and property law that regulates them, are within domestic jurisdiction only and do not come under international law scrutinity as they waive the exercice of an absolute independance of States. On the other hand, the existing rules of international law that regulates extraterritorial subsurface, notably the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof beyond national jurisdiction and the Antarctic, consider the earth’s subsurface mostly in terms of use and exploitation of mineral resources. Faced with the evergrowing uses of the subsurface that are solely used for extraction or for injection and storing, and regarding the impacts of some underground activities on the environment and on human rights, International Law must play a role by regulating the content and extent of rights that are exercised over the earth’s subsurface inside and outside territorial jurisdiction for development and protection purposes
Books on the topic "Marine resource extraction"
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Mapstone, Bruce, ed. Oceans. CSIRO Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486307944.
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Australia has the third largest marine estate in the world, extending from the tropics to Antarctica and including vast areas of the Indian, Pacific and Southern Oceans. We have a good reputation for management of our marine estate but there is still much to understand about how our actions affect the oceans, including through climate change, fishing, resource extraction, shipping, and recreation and tourism.
Our oceans are tremendous resources, culturally, socially and economically, and are repositories for incredible biodiversity. Oceans provide food and energy and influence weather and climate across the country. Indigenous Australians have had cultural and livelihood relationships with our oceans for thousands of years. Most Australians live within an hour’s drive of the coast and the seaside is a valued recreational destination, as it is for increasing numbers of international tourists. Australia’s oceans affect our every activity and managing them well is vital to our nation.
Oceans: Science and Solutions for Australia summarises decades of scientific research by CSIRO and other agencies to describe what we know about our oceans, how research contributes to their use and management, and how new technologies are changing marine research. It provides engaging and accessible reading for all those interested in Australia’s magnificent marine estate.
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Fogarty, Michael J., and Jeremy S. Collie. Fishery Ecosystem Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768937.001.0001.
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This book provides an integrated framework for the quantitative analysis of exploited aquatic ecosystems, tracing the critical linkages between fundamental ecological processes and their implications for sustainable resource management. Examples are drawn from freshwater and marine ecosystems throughout the world. Fishery ecosystems have historically been subject to a broad array of human interventions, ranging from large-scale removal of biomass to deliberate attempts at ecosystem engineering involving species introductions, habitat alteration, and selective reorganization of ecosystem structure. Traditional approaches to fisheries analysis and management focus on extraction of resources viewed in isolation from the broader ecosystem setting. Further, these approaches typically are predicated on assumptions of “well-behaved” dynamical properties characterized by stable equilibrium properties. This book explores a broader range of possibilities concerning human impacts on aquatic ecosystems. It places software tools in the hands of students and professionals in an electronic supplement. Modeling and statistical programs in R and other platforms are provided to assist in the transition from concept to practical application.
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Bebbington, Anthony, Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai, Denise Humphreys Bebbington, Marja Hinfelaar, Cynthia A. Sanborn, Jessica Achberger, Celina Grisi Huber, Verónica Hurtado, Tania Ramírez, and Scott D. Odell. The Politics of Natural Resource Extraction in Zambia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820932.003.0004.
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By comparing historical periods of high and low social and economic investment related to the mining sector, this chapter explores the reasons why Zambia’s mineral wealth has not been translated into sustained and inclusive development. A political settlements approach is utilized to explore the dynamics of the governance of natural resources. The analysis reveals a level of continuity in political arrangements, a meta-settlement of some kind, which is founded on a long lineage of the power of foreign influence in shaping economic and social policies. While the building of political coalitions proved useful for establishing some level of stability in Zambia, these coalitions have not stimulated development and have tended to push non-dominant groupings to the political margins.
Book chapters on the topic "Marine resource extraction"
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Davidsdottir, Brynhildur. "Management of the Commons: Social Behavior and Resource Extraction." In Dynamic Modeling for Marine Conservation, 356–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0057-1_16.
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Hickey, Rita M. "Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Carbohydrates with Health Benefits from Marine Resources: Macro- and Microalgae, Cyanobacteria, and Invertebrates." In Marine Bioactive Compounds, 159–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1247-2_6.
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Ibañez, Elena, Miguel Herrero, Jose A. Mendiola, and María Castro-Puyana. "Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds with Health Benefits from Marine Resources: Macro and Micro Algae, Cyanobacteria, and Invertebrates." In Marine Bioactive Compounds, 55–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1247-2_2.
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Psuty, Norbert P., and Philip E. Steinberg. "Coastal and Marine Geography." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0032.
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The 1990s witnessed a significant increase in popular interest in the US regarding the geography of the world’s coastal and marine spaces. Factors motivating this renewed interest included growing public environmental awareness, a decade of unusually severe coastal storms, more frequent reporting of marine pollution hazards, greater knowledge about (and technology for) depleting fishstocks, domestic legislation on coastal zone management and offshore fisheries policies, new opportunities for marine mineral extraction, heightened understanding of the role of marine life in maintaining the global ecosystem, new techniques for undertaking marine exploration, the 1994 activation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, reauthorization of the US Coastal Zone Management Act in 1996, and designation of 1998 as the International Year of the Ocean. Responding to this situation, the breadth of perspectives from which coastal and marine issues are being encountered by geographers, the range of subjects investigated, and the number of geographers engaging in coastal-marine research have all increased during the 1990s. As West (1989a) reported in the original Geography in America, North American coastal-marine geography during the 1980s was focused toward fields such as coastal geomorphology, ports and shipping, coastal zone management, and tourism and recreation. Research in these areas has continued, but in the 1990s, with increased awareness of the importance of coastal and marine areas to physical and human systems, geographers from a range of subdisciplines beyond those usually associated with coastal-marine geography have begun turning to coastal and marine areas as fruitful sites for conducting their research. Climatologists are investigating the sea in order to understand processes such as El Niño, remote-sensing experts are studying how sonic imagery can be used for understanding species distribution in three-dimensional environments, political ecologists are investigating the ocean as a common property resource in which multiple users’ agendas portend conflict and cooperation, and cultural geographers are examining how the ocean is constructed as a distinct space with its own social meanings and “seascapes.” Despite (or perhaps because of ) this expansion in coastal-marine geography, the subdiscipline remains fragmented into what we here call “Coastal Physical Geography,” “Marine Physical Geography,” and “Coastal-Marine Human Geography.”
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Boyle, Alan, and Catherine Redgwell. "9. Prevention of Marine Pollution." In Birnie, Boyle, and Redgwell's International Law and the Environment, 503–70. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199594016.003.0009.
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This chapter focuses on threats of pollution to the health of the marine environment. It focuses in particular on marine pollution. The oceans constitute a large expanse of common space. The oceans have been freely used for maritime commerce, exploitation of living resources, extraction of oil and gas, and as a disposal area for waste products for centuries. The law needs to protect marine ecosystems as much as any others on land. Climate change has now begun to harm marine ecosystems and international law needs to consider this. The chapter aims to demonstrate the extent to which an international legal regime for the control of marine pollution from ships has developed since 1972, and the degree to which it has proved effective. The big question is: how can it be made more effective in the future?
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Link, Jason S., and Anthony R. Marshak. "The Northern Gulf of Mexico." In Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management, 283–342. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843463.003.0007.
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This chapter describes the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) region and the major issues facing this marine fisheries ecosystem, and presents some summary statistics related to the 90 indicators of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) criteria. The region contains high numbers of marine species comprising commercially and recreationally important invertebrate (e.g., penaeid shrimp, blue crab, eastern oyster) and finfish (e.g., red snapper, grouper, red drum, pelagic sportfishes) fisheries, which contribute heavily to national landings and seafood supply. The northern GOM contains one of the nation’s largest marine economies (among the eight U.S. regional marine ecosystems), which is dependent on offshore mineral extractions, tourism, marine transportation, living marine resources (LMRs), and other ocean uses. The GOM provides critical social and economic benefits to the region and the nation, is a region with high numbers of managed species, yet exploitation of these resources and an increasing human population makes the GOM an area subject to significant natural and human stressors, including the highest number of hurricanes in the U.S. Atlantic region, large expanses of hypoxic bottom water, overfishing, and major oil spills like the 2010 DWH event.
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Sharma, Pallavi, and Ruchika Zalpouri. "Microwave-assisted extraction of proteins and carbohydrates from marine resources." In Innovative and Emerging Technologies in the Bio-marine Food Sector, 361–74. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820096-4.00019-5.
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Pettorelli, Nathalie. "Satellite remote sensing and anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity." In Satellite Remote Sensing and the Management of Natural Resources, 51–65. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717263.003.0004.
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This chapter explores how satellite remote sensing can be employed to monitor a wide range of anthropogenic pressures which affect species and ecosystems, in both terrestrial and marine systems. First, it reviews the literature on the use of satellite data to monitor deforestation and forest degradation. It then explores how these data can be used to monitor fragmentation, which is another form of habitat degradation that can represent an important threat to the preservation of biological diversity. This is followed by a review of the use of satellite remote sensing information to monitor urbanisation, night-time light pollution, oil exploration and exploitation, mineral extraction activities, oil spills and run-off, and illegal fishing. The chapter concludes by discussing opportunities for satellite remote sensing to monitor and predict the impact of climate change on biodiversity.
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Zhou, Xu, Wanqing Ding, and Wenbiao Jin. "Microwave-assisted extraction of lipids, carotenoids, and other compounds from marine resources." In Innovative and Emerging Technologies in the Bio-marine Food Sector, 375–94. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820096-4.00012-2.
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Mahindrakar, Komal V., and Virendra K. Rathod. "Ultrasound-assisted extraction of lipids, carotenoids, and other compounds from marine resources." In Innovative and Emerging Technologies in the Bio-marine Food Sector, 81–128. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820096-4.00001-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Marine resource extraction"
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Miller, Veronica B., and Laura A. Schaefer. "Dynamic Modeling of Hydrokinetic Energy Extraction." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67722.
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The world is facing an imminent energy supply crisis. Our well-being is linked to the energy supply, and energy is in high demand in both the developed and the developing world. Therefore, in order to sustain our energy supply, it is necessary to advance renewable technologies. Despite this urgency, however, it is paramount to consider the larger environmental effects associated with using renewable resources. Hydropower, in the past, has been seen as a viable resource to examine given that its basics of mechanical to electrical energy conversion seem to have little effect on the environment. Discrete analysis of dams and in-stream diversion set-ups has shown otherwise though. Modifications to river flows and temperatures (from increased and decreased flows) cause adverse effects to fish and other marine life because it changes their adaptive habitat. Recent research developments have focused on kinetic energy extraction in river flows, which prove to be more sustainable as this type of extraction does not involve a large reservoir or large flow modification. The field of hydrokinetic energy extraction is immature. Little is known about their performance in the river environment, and their risk of impingement, fouling, and suspension of sediments. Basic principles of hydrokinetic energy extraction are presented along with a computational fluid dynamics model of the system. Through examining these principles it is clear that more research is required in hydrokinetic energy extraction with emphasis towards lower environmental and ecological impact.
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Miyazaki, Wataru, Takeo Kondo, Kazukiyo Yamamoto, Motohisa Ootuka, Hideki Takahashi, and Hitosi Miyazaki. "Research Into the Extraction of the Appeal Points of Marine Space in the Okinawa Marine Resort and a Method of Estimating the Accommodated Population." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92220.
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In the formation of a marine resort, the extraction of the various appeal points of marine space is an important issue. For this reason, this research project targeted Kumejima in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and considering tourists who visit the resort as the target of the study, a decision was taken to evaluate the quality of the appeal points that comprise the resort. As a result, the appeal points of marine space were found to be comprised of three main resource elements and 13 categories related to these elements. The accurate number of tourists who visit a resort, be it marine resort or otherwise, must be grasped in order to plan the promotion of the resort and reactivation of the community. For this reason, this research project proposed a method of grasping such trends utilizing tobacco tax that is a unique system of taxation in Japan. As a result, time and cost were conserved compared to past methods and it was possible to grasp the annual number of tourists with high precision. Based on these results, it is believed that materials that indicate the direction of the formation of marine resort in Kumejima in the future have been provided.
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Radloff, Ernst, and Bohdan Hrebenyk. "Canadian Arctic Shipping and Emission Assessment." In SNAME 9th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2010-101.
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The changing Arctic environment is a significant consideration in the forecast of future marine emissions stemming from the potential increase in natural resource extraction and inter-and intra-Arctic shipping. The Transport Development Centre (TDC) of Transport Canada has carried out a vessel emission inventory study for marine vessels operating in the Canadian Arctic. The inventory comprises a baseline assessment for the years 2002 to 2007 and forecasts to 2010, 2020, and 2050. The inventory utilizes a “bottom-up” vessel activity based approach consistent with current best practices and was completed using the marine emission inventory tool (MEIT). The forecasts were based on expected population growth, and economic activities in the Arctic. Also taken into consideration are the changes and projections for the Arctic environment, specifically when and to what extent the ice will recede allowing for increased vessel access to the Arctic. The forecast shows that by 2050 a significant increase in Green-house gas (GHG) and emissions are expected to occur due to an increase in intra-Arctic shipping resource extraction and eco-tourism. This translates into a five-fold increase for both CO2 and NOx and significant increases in other criteria air contaminants (CAC) especially if large-scale gas production occurs in the western arctic region of Canada. The forecast also includes several scenarios such as the designation of the Arctic as an Emission Control Area (ECA) and the harmonization with EPA and IMO Marpol regulations for marine fuel and engine emission standards, which would have the potential to lower CAC emissions.
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Tjåland, Egil, Steinar Løve Ellefmo, Kurt Aasly, Tor Berge Gjersvik, and Christine Fichler. "Oil and Gas Technologies as Key Elements for a Viable Deep Sea Mining Industry." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-81273.
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Abstract Deep-marine mineral deposits, including polymetallic nodules, seafloor massive sulfides, and cobalt rich manganese crusts, are known down to 6000 meters water depths. Challenges of such extreme water depths, long distances from supply bases and the need for cost-effective technical solutions, share many similarities with challenges in the oil and gas industry. As in the case of oil and gas, the resource estimation of mineral resources depends to a large extent on geophysical measurements, including seismic and electro-magnetic measurements. Production of deep-marine mineral deposits can draw on experiences from oil and gas production from ultradeep water depths, and transportation of ore from the sea bottom can use riser technology employed in oil and gas projects. Floating Production Storage and Offloading vessels used by the oil and gas industry can be utilized to store ore from seabed mining before transport to onshore mineral processing facilities or, less likely, for mineral processing on the seabed, or onboard the Floating Production Storage and Offloading vessel. However, the large sea depths and the high investments needed to achieve a minimal ecological footprint, will need many innovations and new solutions. Such challenges are similar to what the oil and gas industry has developed for oil and gas exploration and production in deep water. Here we show how technologies from the oil and gas industry can be applied for deep sea mineral extraction.
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Tiron, Roxana, Sarah Gallagher, Kenneth Doherty, Emmanuel G. Reynaud, Frédéric Dias, Fionn Mallon, and Trevor Whittaker. "An Experimental Study of the Hydrodynamic Effects of Marine Growth on Wave Energy Converters." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10698.
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Even though the outstanding energy resource provided by ocean surface waves has long been recognized, the extraction of wave power is still in its infancy. Meanwhile, the increased interest in sustainable energy alternatives could lead to large-scale deployments of wave energy convertors (WECs) worldwide in the near future. In this context, the interaction of WECs with the marine environment is an issue that has come under increased scrutiny. In particular, the accumulation of biological deposits on the device (commonly referred to as biofouling) could lead to a modification in the behaviour and performance of the device design. For coastal devices in the North-Eastern Atlantic region, the main contributors to biofouling are likely to be the brown algae from the genus Laminaria. In the experimental study described in this paper, we have investigated the effects of algal growth on a scale model of the Oyster 800 WEC, a technology developed by Aquamarine Power. The experiments were carried out in the wave tank at Queens University Belfast. The algal growth on the device has been emulated with plastic stripes attached on the surface of the device. Several configurations with various placements and stripe dimensions were tested, in sea states typical to the targeted deployment sites. Our experiments were designed as a worst-case scenario and provide first insights into the potential effects of biofouling on the performance of a WEC. The experiments indicate that the effects of biofouling could be significant and suggest the need for further investigation.
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Wang, Shujie, Yingying Wang, Peng Yuan, and Chao Xu. "Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Hydro-Turbine Blade Hydrofoil in the Exploitation of Tidal Current Energy." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20729.
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As tidal current regarded as a sustainable resource to be exploited for future generation of electrical power, the hydrodynamics of hydro-turbine has become a focus in research for the extraction of energy from marine currents. The lift and drag characteristics of hydro-turbine’s blade hydrofoil are the key factors affecting efficiency and cavitation and vortex are considered as the important influences on life span of blade hydrofoil. Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM), a new numerical method of computational fluid dynamics, is adopted to simulate and analyze the performance of blade hydrofoil. NACA0012, NACA63-215, NACA2412, NACA4411 and NACA4424 are simulated at different angles of attack using D2Q9 model and boundary condition of nonequilibrium bounce-back scheme to obtain pressure coefficient, lift coefficient, drag coefficient and streamline in each regime. Suitable hydrofoil and angle of attack can be chosen and utilized based on the results obtained which compared well with the results published in the technical literature, and accuracy and feasibility of LB method for engineering application are verified simultaneously.
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Elwood, David, Solomon Yim, Alex Yokochi, Ken Rhinefrank, Joe Prudell, Al Schacher, Peter Hogan, Aaron Vander Muelen, Annette von Jouanne, and Ted Brekken. "Numerical and Experimental Modeling of Direct-Drive Wave Energy Extraction Devices." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29728.
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The solutions to today’s energy challenges need to be explored through alternative, renewable and clean energy sources to enable a diverse national energy resource plan. An extremely abundant and promising source of energy exists in the world’s oceans in the forms of wave, tidal, marine current, thermal (temperature gradient) and salinity. Among these forms, significant opportunities and benefits have been identified in the area of wave energy extraction. Waves have several advantages over other forms of renewable energy such as wind and solar, in that the waves are more available (seasonal, but more constant) and more predictable, thus enabling more straightforward and reliable integration into the electric utility grid. Wave energy also offers higher energy densities, enabling devices to extract more power from a smaller volume at consequent lower costs. However, many engineering challenges need to be overcome to ensure wave energy device survivability, reliability and maintainability, in addition to efficient and high quality power take-off systems. Optimizing wave energy technologies requires a multi-disciplinary team from areas such as Electrical, Chemical, Ocean, Civil and Mechanical Engineering, to enable innovative systems-level research and development. This paper presents some recent research developments on experimental and numerical modeling on direct-drive approaches and the associated devices designed to convert the motion of the ocean waves into electrical energy using point absorber wave energy converters. This research is focused on a simplification of processes, i.e., replacing systems using intermediate hydraulics or pneumatics with direct-drive approaches to allow generators to respond directly to the movement of the ocean by employing magnetic fields for contact-less mechanical energy transmission, and power electronics for efficient electrical energy extraction. The term “direct” drive describes the direct coupling of the buoy’s velocity and force to the generator without the use of hydraulic fluid or air. The wave energy buoy and spar are designed to efficiently capture ocean wave energy and transfer it to the generator. These buoys have been tested at the Oregon State University O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory, with planned testing off the coast of Oregon. The paper will examine several direct-drive approaches, including electrical and mechanical design characteristics, describe the numerical modeling of the associated conceptual devices, prototype testing, and some ongoing research on the dynamics of buoy generator systems for design optimization.
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Maandal, Gerard Lorenz D., Mili-Ann M. Tamayao, and Louis Angelo M. Danao. "An Analysis of the Technical Feasibility of Off-Shore Wind Energy in the Philippines." In ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2019-3835.
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Abstract The technical feasibility of off-shore wind energy in the Philippines is assessed. Geographic information system is utilized to integrate the different technical data into a single model. Off-shore wind speed data for five years at elevations 10m, 20m, 80m, and 100m from a local database was used as reference for the wind resource study. Two wind turbines were considered for the energy conversion component, Siemens SWT-3.6-120 and Senvion 6.2 M126. The wind speed data was interpolated to 90m and 95m using standard power law to match the hub heights of the turbines studied. The wind power density, wind power, and annual energy production were calculated from the interpolated wind speeds. Areas in the Philippines with capacity factor greater than 30% and performance greater than 10% were considered technically viable. Exclusion criteria were applied to narrow down the potential siting for offshore wind farms, namely, active submerged cables, local ferry routes, marine protected areas, reefs, oil and gas extraction areas, bathymetry, distance to grid, typhoons, and earthquakes. Several sites were determined to be viable with north of Cagayan having the highest capacity factor. The highest wind capacity factor for the offshore wind farms are located in north of Ilocos Norte (SWT-3.6-120: 54.48%–62.60%; 6.2M126: 54.04%–64.79%), north of Occidental Mindoro (SWT-3.6-120: 46.81%–60.92%; 6.2M126: 45.30%–62.60%) and southeast of Oriental Mindoro (SWT-3.6-120: 45.60%–59.52%; 6.2M126: 45.30%–62.60%). However, these sites are not acceptable due to technical, social, and political constraints. The constraints considered in the study are active submerged cables with a buffer of 5 km, local ferry routes with a buffer of 3km, marine protected areas with a buffer 3 km, reefs with a buffer of 3 km, oil and gas extraction areas with a buffer of 5 km, bathymetry less than 50m, distance to grid of within 120 km, historical typhoon tracks with greater than 250 kph and 50 km buffer, and historical earthquakes with greater than 6.5 magnitude with a buffer of 15 km. Upon application of these exclusion criteria, the potential sites for offshore wind farms are north of Cagayan, west of Rizal, north of Camarines Sur, north of Samar, southwest of Masbate, Dinagat Island, Guimaras, and northeast of Palawan.
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Sant, Tonio, and Robert N. Farrugia. "Performance Modelling of an Offshore Floating Wind Turbine-Driven Deep Sea Water Extraction System for Combined Power and Thermal Energy Production: A Case Study in a Central Mediterranean Context." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10714.
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Current research is exploring a new design concept for offshore wind turbines whereby the electrical generator in a conventional wind turbine is replaced by a large positive displacement pump that supplies pressurized sea water to a centralized hydro-electric plant. This paper investigates the potential of applying this concept to concurrently exploit thermocline thermal energy through deep sea water extraction in conjunction with offshore wind energy. A performance analysis is presented for a single wind turbine-driven pump supplying combined power and thermal energy by delivering pressurised deep sea water to a land-based plant consisting of a hydro-electric generator coupled to a heat exchanger. The steady-state power-wind speed characteristics are derived from a numerical thermo-fluid model. The latter integrates the hydraulic characteristics of the wind turbine-pump combination and a numerical code to simulate the heat gained/lost by deep sea water as it flows through a pipeline to shore. The model was applied to a hypothetical megawatt-scale wind turbine installed in a deep offshore site in the vicinity of the Central Mediterranean island of Malta. One year of wind speed and ambient measurements were used in conjunction with marine thermocline data to estimate the time series electricity and thermal energy yields. The total energy yield from the system was found to be significantly higher than that from a conventional offshore wind turbine generator that only produces electricity. It could also be shown that in regions where the offshore wind resource is not as rich, but where the ambient temperature is high as a result of a hotter climate, the cooling energy component that can be delivered is relatively high even at periods of low wind speeds.
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Gururaja Rao, Lakshmi, Jonathon Schuh, Randy H. Ewoldt, and James T. Allison. "On Using Adaptive Surrogate Modeling in Design for Efficient Fluid Power." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46832.
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In the last several decades fluid power has been used extensively in diverse industries such as agriculture, construction, marine, offshore resource extraction, and even entertainment. With a vast and ever-increasing spectrum of potential applications, the design of efficient and leak-free components in fluid power systems has become essential. Previous experiments and studies have shown that the use of microtextured surfaces in hydraulic components achieves performance enhancement by reducing friction and leakage. This article aims to build on this recent work through a systematic optimization-based study of performance improvement through microtexture surface design. These studies evaluate the potential of Newtonian fluid properties, coupled with varying surface features, to achieve design objectives for efficiency. This early-stage design strategy aims to find optimal surface features that minimize apparent fluid viscosity (low friction) and the area of the microtexture. The resulting multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem involves a computationally intensive simulation of the system based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). As a strategy to reduce overall computational expense, this paper describes the development of a new adaptive surrogate modeling strategy for multi-objective optimization. Two case studies are presented: a simple analytical case study illustrating the details of the method and a more sophisticated case study involving the two-dimensional CFD simulation of Newtonian fluids on symmetric surface textures. This design approach embraces the potential of using rheologically complex fluids in engineering system design and optimization. This study can be further extended to a more generalized problem by coupling both fluid and geometrical design decisions.
Reports on the topic "Marine resource extraction"
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Walsh, Alex. The Contentious Politics of Tunisia’s Natural Resource Management and the Prospects of the Renewable Energy Transition. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.048.
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For many decades in Tunisia, there has been a robust link between natural resource management and contentious national and local politics. These disputes manifest in the form of protests, sit-ins, the disruption of production and distribution and legal suits on the one hand, and corporate and government response using coercive and concessionary measures on the other. Residents of resource-rich areas and their allies protest the inequitable distribution of their local natural wealth and the degradation of their health, land, water, soil and air. They contest a dynamic that tends to bring greater benefit to Tunisia’s coastal metropolitan areas. Natural resource exploitation is also a source of livelihoods and the contentious politics around them have, at times, led to somewhat more equitable relationships. The most important actors in these contentious politics include citizens, activists, local NGOs, local and national government, international commercial interests, international NGOs and multilateral organisations. These politics fit into wider and very longstanding patterns of wealth distribution in Tunisia and were part of the popular alienation that drove the uprising of 2011. In many ways, the dynamic of the contentious politics is fundamentally unchanged since prior to the uprising and protests have taken place within the same month of writing of this paper. Looking onto this scene, commentators use the frame of margins versus centre (‘marginalization’), and also apply the lens of labour versus capital. If this latter lens is applied, not only is there continuity from prior to 2011, there is continuity with the colonial era when natural resource extraction was first industrialised and internationalised. In these ways, the management of Tunisia’s natural wealth is a significant part of the country’s serious political and economic challenges, making it a major factor in the street politics unfolding at the time of writing.