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Journal articles on the topic 'Marine reptile'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Stubbs, Thomas L., and Michael J. Benton. "Ecomorphological diversifications of Mesozoic marine reptiles: the roles of ecological opportunity and extinction." Paleobiology 42, no. 4 (May 17, 2016): 547–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2016.15.

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AbstractMesozoic marine ecosystems were dominated by several clades of reptiles, including sauropterygians, ichthyosaurs, crocodylomorphs, turtles, and mosasaurs, that repeatedly invaded ocean ecosystems. Previous research has shown that marine reptiles achieved great taxonomic diversity in the Middle Triassic, as they broadly diversified into many feeding modes in the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction, but it is not known whether this initial phase of evolution was exceptional in the context of the entire Mesozoic. Here, we use a broad array of disparity, morphospace, and comparative phylogenetic analyses to test this. Metrics of ecomorphology, including functional disparity in the jaws and dentition and skull-size diversity, show that the Middle to early Late Triassic represented a time of pronounced phenotypic diversification in marine reptile evolution. Following the Late Triassic extinctions, diversity recovered, but disparity did not, and it took over 100 Myr for comparable variation to recover in the Campanian and Maastrichtian. Jurassic marine reptiles generally failed to radiate into vacated functional roles. The signatures of adaptive radiation are not seen in all marine reptile groups. Clades that diversified during the Triassic biotic recovery, the sauropterygians and ichthyosauromorphs, do show early diversifications, early high disparity, and early burst, while less support for these models is found in thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs and mosasaurs. Overall, the Triassic represented a special interval in marine reptile evolution, as a number of groups radiated into new adaptive zones.

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2

Hikuroa, Daniel C. H. "Short Note: Second Jurassic marine reptile from the Antarctic Peninsula." Antarctic Science 21, no. 2 (December 2, 2008): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102008001715.

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Except for the rich record from the Neuquen Basin (e.g. Gasparini & Fernández 2006), Jurassic southern Gondwanan marine reptiles are relatively rare. A tooth discovered in the Bean Peaks, Ellsworth Land, Antarctic Peninsula (Fig. 1) represents the southernmost, and only the second record of Jurassic marine reptiles from the Antarctic Peninsula. Comprising a single, incomplete tooth, the specimen is unable to be assigned to a species, but the paucity of Gondwanan Jurassic marine reptile material means this find adds significant palaeobiogeographical information.

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3

Rogov, M. A., N. G. Zverkov, V. A. Zakharov, and M. S. Arkhangelsky. "Marine reptiles and climates of the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Siberia." Стратиграфия 27, no. 4 (June 16, 2019): 13–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-592x27413-39.

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All available data on the Jurassic and Cretaceous climates of Siberia, based on isotope, palaeontological and lithological markers are summarized. Late Pliensbachian cooling, early Toarcian warming, followed by late Toarcian to Middle Jurassic cooling and long-term Late Jurassic warming are well-recognized. Gradual cooling started since the late Ryazanian and continued during the whole Early Cretaceous except the short early Aptian warming event. At the beginning of the Late Cretaceous climate became warmer with warming peak at the Cenomanian–Turonian transition. During the middle and late Turonian climate became colder. During the Coniacian–Campanian time interval climate became warmer, but at the end of the Campanian new cooling event occurred. New records of marine reptiles from the Toarcian, Kimmeridgian, Volgian and Santonian–Campanian of the north of Eastern Siberia are described. All data concerning marine reptile occurrences in the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Siberia are reviewed; these records (from 51 localities) are mostly located at high palaeolatitudes. The analysis has revealed that most of the localities containing fossil reptile remains were llocated in the Transpolar palaeolatitudes (70°–87°). There are no direct relationship between climate oscillations and distribution of these animals. Taking into account recent data arguing that nearly all groups of the Jurassic and Cretaceous big marine reptiles were able to maintain constant body temperature and also were capable make long-range seasonal migrations, any conclusions concerning usage of these animals as markers of warm climate should be treated with a caution.

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4

Massare, Judy A. "Swimming capabilities of Mesozoic marine reptiles: implications for method of predation." Paleobiology 14, no. 2 (1988): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001191x.

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Body shape and mode of swimming were major factors that affected the swimming capabilities of Mesozoic marine reptiles. By estimating the total drag and the amount of energy available through metabolism, the maximum sustained swimming speed was calculated for 115 marine reptile specimens. Calculated sustained swimming speeds range from 1.8 to 2.7 m/sec, but are probably too high by as much as a factor of two. Mesozoic marine reptiles were probably much slower than modern toothed whales. The diversification of fast, agile teleost fish in the Cretaceous may have therefore contributed to the decline of the marine reptiles.Long-bodied reptiles appear to have had slower sustained swimming speeds than deep-bodied forms of the same length. For a given length, ichthyosaurs were probably faster sustained swimmers than plesiosaurs, and plesiosaurs were probably faster sustained swimmers than crocodiles and mosasaurs. This suggests that the long-bodied forms probably used an ambush technique to capture prey, to maximize the range of possible prey and to minimize competition with the faster pursuit predators.

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5

Tay, Michael A. "Problems in the Curation of Fossil Marine Reptiles." Geological Curator 4, no. 2 (April 1985): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc737.

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The majority of the large fossil marine reptiles stored in British museums are ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and crocodiles collected from the Liassic beds of England. Many of these specimens were recovered during the nineteenth century from manually operated quarries, especially those at Street in Somerset and at Barrow-on-Soar in Leicestershire. Others came from coastal exposures at Lyme Regis, or at Whitby where there were also large alum shale quarries (Howe e^ �l. 1981; Benton and Taylor 1984). Many of the more complete skeletons are now in the major collections held by the British Museum (Natural History), Oxford University Museum, and the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge. The remainder, however, are scattered throughout the provincial museums of Britain and Ireland and often form the bulk of their fossil reptile collections. Virtually every specimen suffers from one of the three most prevalent problems affecting such fossils: poor data, poor standards of preparation and poor display techniques. In discussing these problems, those aspects peculiar to marine reptiles will be examined.

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6

KEAR, B. P., T. H. RICH, M. A. ALI, Y. A. AL-MUFARRIH, A. H. MATIRI, A. M. MASARY, and Y. ATTIA. "Late Cretaceous (Campanian—Maastrichtian) marine reptiles from the Adaffa Formation, NW Saudi Arabia." Geological Magazine 145, no. 5 (June 11, 2008): 648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756808005062.

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AbstractMarine reptile remains occur in the Upper Cretaceous (lower Campanian to lower Maastrichtian) Adaffa Formation of NW Saudi Arabia. This is the first detailed report of late Mesozoic marine reptiles from the Arabian Peninsula. The fossils include bothremydid (cf. Taphrosphyini) turtles, dyrosaurid crocodyliforms, elasmosaurid plesiosaurs, mosasaurs (Prognathodon, plioplatecarpines) and an indeterminate small varanoid. The assemblage is compositionally similar to contemporary faunas from elsewhere in the Middle East/North Africa, and comprises taxa that are typical of the southern margin of the Mediterranean Tethys.

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7

Marshall, Michael. "Long-necked reptile was a marine hunter." New Scientist 247, no. 3295 (August 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(20)31406-8.

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8

Delsett, LL, and P. Alsen. "New marine reptile fossils from the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Greenland." Geological Magazine 157, no. 10 (July 12, 2019): 1612–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000724.

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AbstractKnowledge about marine reptile diversity and disparity during the Late Jurassic is increasing. This contribution describes marine reptile skeletal elements (ichthyosaur and plesiosaur) from Kingofjeld mountain in NE Greenland. The assemblage is early Late Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) in age, and consists of c. 100 disarticulated skeletal elements. The location is of biogeographic importance as it was at the time situated between the Boreal realm and the Tethys Sea and is promising in terms of future prospecting.

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9

Le Page, Michael. "Ancient marine reptile was killed by its meal." New Scientist 247, no. 3297 (August 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(20)31494-9.

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10

Li, Chun, Olivier Rieppel, Xiao-Chun Wu, Li-Jun Zhao, and Li-Ting Wang. "A new Triassic marine reptile from southwestern China." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31, no. 2 (March 17, 2011): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2011.550368.

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11

Silva-Soares, Thiago, Rodrigo Barbosa Ferreira, Rodrigo De Oliveira Lula Salles, and Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha. "Continental, insular and coastal marine reptiles from the municipality of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil." Check List 7, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.3.290.

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We present a list of the reptiles of the municipality of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, compiled through primary data (specimens gathered by the authors) and secondary data (specimens housed at museums and records available in literature). We record 51 reptile species distributed by the orders Crocodylia (one species), Testudines (nine species), and Squamata (forty-one species), subdivided in amphisbaenians (three species), lizards (eleven species), and snakes (twenty-seven species). We recorded six species that are listed as threatened in the Brazilian List of Endangered Species, as the terrestrial lizard Cnemidophorus nativo and the marine turtles Lepidochelys olivacea and Dermochelys coriacea.

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12

PAXTON, C. G. M., and D. NAISH. "DID NINETEENTH CENTURY MARINE VERTEBRATE FOSSIL DISCOVERIES INFLUENCE SEA SERPENT REPORTS?" Earth Sciences History 38, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.1.16.

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ABSTRACT Here we test the hypothesis, first suggested by L. Sprague De Camp in 1968, that “After Mesozoic reptiles became well-known, reports of sea serpents, which until then had tended towards the serpentine, began to describe the monster as more and more resembling a Mesozoic marine reptile like a plesiosaur or a mosasaur.” This statement generates a number of testable specific hypotheses, namely: 1) there was a decline in reports where the body was described as serpent or eel-like; 2) there was an increase in reports with necks (a feature of plesiosaurs) or reports that mentioned plesiosaurs; and 3) there was an increase in mosasaur-like reports. Over the last 200 years, there is indeed evidence of a decline in serpentiform sea serpent reports and an increase in the proportion of reports with necks but there is no evidence for an increase in the proportion of mosasaur-like reports. However, witnesses only began to unequivocally compare sea serpents to prehistoric reptiles in the late nineteenth century, some fifty years after the suggestion was first made by naturalists.

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13

Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., Geoffrey R. Smith, Leland J. S. Pierce, and Charles W. Painter. "The amphibians and reptiles of Colima, Mexico, with a summary of their conservation status." ZooKeys 927 (April 16, 2020): 99–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.927.50064.

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Colima is the fourth smallest Mexican state, covering only 0.3% of the surface area of Mexico, but due to the remarkable diversity of physiographic and environmental conditions present in Colima it contains a high biological diversity. We generated an up-to-date herpetofaunal checklist for Colima, with a summary of the conservation status of Colima’s amphibians and reptiles. Our checklist contains a total of 153 species of amphibians and reptiles (three introduced). Thirty-nine are amphibians and 114 are reptiles. More than half of Colima’s herpetofauna are Mexican endemics (66.7% of amphibians, 67.5% of reptiles). Less than 25% of the amphibian and reptile species in Colima are in protected categories according to the IUCN Red List and SEMARNAT. The reptiles in the Marine and Revillagigedo Archipelago regions are the most threatened taxa of the Colima herpetofauna. Colima shares > 80% of its herpetofauna with its neighboring states, Jalisco and Michoacán.

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14

Bardet, N., J. Falconnet, V. Fischer, A. Houssaye, S. Jouve, X. Pereda Suberbiola, A. Pérez-García, J. C. Rage, and P. Vincent. "Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates." Gondwana Research 26, no. 3-4 (November 2014): 869–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2014.05.005.

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15

Dernov, V. S., and M. I. Udovychenko. "(?)REPTILE COPROLITES FROM THE CAMPANIAN AND MAASTRICHTIAN (LATE CRETACEOUS) OF THE LUHANSK REGION." Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 27, no. 2(41) (January 26, 2023): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2022.2(41).268760.

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Problem Statement and Purpose. Vertebrate coprolites have important paleobiological and paleogeographical significance. They are quite common trace fossils, but have almost never attracted the attention of researchers, despite the fact that in the literature there are numerous references to the findings of vertebrate coprolites in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits of Ukraine. The aims of this study are to describe the morphology of coprolites, compare them with morphologically similar vertebrate coprolites, and identify their potential producers. Data & Methods. Two well-preserved specimens of the vertebrate coprolites(Morphotype A and Morphotype B) were found in sediments of the late Campanian Sydorove Formation and early Maastrichtian Konoplyanivka Formation of the northern part of the Donets Basin. Results. Chondrichthyes fishes are excluded from the list of potential producers of coprolites due to the absence of spiral grooves on the surface of a more wellpreserved coprolite and the spiral pattern on its transverse section. These coprolites differ from coprolites of crocodiles in shape, but are close to them in size. One of the coprolites (Morphotype A) probably belongs to a marine reptile of the family Mosasauridae. Mosasaurids were large marine reptiles that appeared and flourishedin the Late Cretaceous (Turonian-Maastrichtian). The morphology of mosasaurids confirms their adaptation to active swimming. They fed mainly on fish, mollusks and other marine reptiles. It was not possible to identify the systematic position of the coprolite producer of Morphotype B. Skeletal remains of mosasaurids are known in the Campanian and Maastrichtian sediments of the Donets Basin. The study results showed that coprolites are important for paleoecological studies, so they deserve a detailed study.

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16

Surmik, Dawid, Bruce M. Rothschild, Mateusz Dulski, and Katarzyna Janiszewska. "Two types of bone necrosis in the Middle Triassic Pistosaurus longaevus bones: the results of integrated studies." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 7 (July 2017): 170204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170204.

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Avascular necrosis, diagnosed on the basis of either a specific pathological modification of the articular surfaces of bone or its radiologic appearance in vertebral centra, has been recognized in many Mesozoic marine reptiles as well as in present-day marine mammals. Its presence in the zoological and paleontologic record is usually associated with decompression syndrome, a disease that affects secondarily aquatic vertebrates that could dive. Bone necrosis can also be caused by infectious processes, but it differs in appearance from decompression syndrome-associated aseptic necrosis. Herein, we report evidence of septic necrosis in the proximal articular surface of the femur of a marine reptile, Pistosaurus longaevus , from the Middle Triassic of Poland and Germany. This is the oldest recognition of septic necrosis associated with septic arthritis in the fossil record so far, and the mineralogical composition of pathologically altered bone is described herein in detail. The occurrence of septic necrosis is contrasted with decompression syndrome-associated avascular necrosis, also described in Pistosaurus longaevus bone from Middle Triassic of Germany.

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17

Ma, Le-Tian, Da-Yong Jiang, Olivier Rieppel, Ryosuke Motani, and Andrea Tintori. "A new pistosauroid (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the late Ladinian Xingyi marine reptile level, southwestern China." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): e881832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2014.881832.

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18

Jacobs, Louis, Michael Polcyn, Octávio Mateus, and Anne Schulp. "Deep Time Conservation Paleobiology of the Atlantic Jigsaw Puzzle and the Future of the Southwestern Angolan Coast." Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 60, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.fior9961.

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The puzzle-like fit of Africa and South America reflects the tectonically driven opening of the South Atlantic Ocean beginning over 130 mya. By 90 Ma, the North and South Atlantics were conjoined. The introduction of Cretaceous marine reptiles into the central South Atlantic from the north coincides with through-flow in the Equatorial Atlantic Gateway and with increased productivity and upwelling of the Benguela Current. The K-Pg extinction saw the demise of most marine reptiles, but upwelling apparently persisted, evidenced by a growing Cenozoic fossil record of sea turtles and marine mammals from the Angolan coast. Convergent similarities between the Cretaceous marine reptile vertebrate community and the modern vertebrate community of the Benguela Large Marine Ecosystem suggest essentially continuous productivity related to upwelling along the southwest African coast since Cretaceous time. Paleolatitude reconstructions show that predicted positions of coastal upwelling of the Benguela Current have moved south along the coast as Africa drifted northward through the descending limb of the southern Hadley Cell. The Cretaceous and modern faunas were both adapted to a productive upwelling zone. The Cretaceous relict Welwitschia mirabilis is consistent with coastal aridity alongside upwelling. Thus, the sediments of coastal Angola and the fossils they entomb are relevant to conservation paleobiology because they provide a baseline through deep time. Comparisons underscore the resilience of the Benguela Current on the one hand and emphasize human-driven threats to the Benguela Large Marine Ecosystem on the other. Solutions are being sought; for instance, through the evaluation of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSA) in the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem. In Angola, the geologic record of the opening of the South Atlantic, the fossils, public interest, and the value for sustainable development are positive indications for the future.

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19

Osczevski, Randall J. "The hunt for marine reptile fossils on western Ellesmere Island." Polar Record 28, no. 165 (April 1992): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400013395.

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AbstractAn expedition of the Canada/China Dinosaur Project collected several large marine-reptile fossils on western Ellesmere Island in the summer of 1989. They were led to the area by a 1939 report that a large fossil skeleton had been seen north of Trold Fiord by a member of a Royal Canadian Mounted Police patrol in 1926. This paper examines the events of the original discovery and an unsuccessful attempt by David Haig-Thomas to locate the fossils in 1937–38. Haig-Thomas had visited the area in 1935 as a member of the Oxford University Ellesmere Land Expedition. His party had reached a fiord variously identified as Trold Fiord or Vendomc Fiord, but a study of his probable route suggests that it was neither. This inaccurate identification misled Haig-Thomas' later search. In 1989, pieces of fossil bone from a large marine reptile were collected at a site compatible with the 1939 description.

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20

BARDET, NATHALIE, VALENTIN FISCHER, and MARCIN MACHALSKI. "Large predatory marine reptiles from the Albian–Cenomanian of Annopol, Poland." Geological Magazine 153, no. 1 (June 3, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756815000254.

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AbstractDuring the Early–Late Cretaceous transition, marine ecosystems in Eurasia hosted a diverse set of large predatory reptiles that occupied various niches. However, most of our current knowledge of these animals is restricted to a small number of bonebed-like deposits. Little is known of the geographical and temporal extent of such associations. The middle Albian – middle Cenomanian phosphorite-bearing succession exposed at Annopol, Poland produces numerous ichthyosaurian and plesiosaurian fossils. These are mostly isolated skeletal elements (e.g. teeth, vertebrae), but disarticulated partial skeletons and an articulated, subvertically embedded ichthyosaur skull are also available. The following taxa are identified: ‘Platypterygius’ sp., cf. Ophthalmosaurinae, Ichthyosauria indet.,Polyptychodon interruptus, Pliosauridae indet., Elasmosauridae indet. and Plesiosauria indet. The large-sized ichthyosaur ‘Platypterygius’ and the pliosauridPolyptychodon interruptuspredominate within the upper Albian – middle Cenomanian deposits. The Annopol record, combined with data from England, France and western Russia, suggests that ‘Platypterygius’ andPolyptychodon interruptusformed a long-term, stable ecological sympatry in marine ecosystems of the European archipelago, at least during the Albian – middle Cenomanian. In addition, the marine reptile assemblage from Annopol is distinct from other Eurasian ecosystems in containing also elasmosaurids in its Albian portion.

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21

Delsett, Lene L., Linn K. Novis, Aubrey J. Roberts, Maayke J. Koevoets, Øyvind Hammer, Patrick S. Druckenmiller, and Jørn H. Hurum. "The Slottsmøya marine reptile Lagerstätte: depositional environments, taphonomy and diagenesis." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 434, no. 1 (December 16, 2015): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp434.2.

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22

Chun, Li, Olivier Rieppel, Cheng Long, and Nicholas C. Fraser. "The earliest herbivorous marine reptile and its remarkable jaw apparatus." Science Advances 2, no. 5 (May 2016): e1501659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501659.

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Newly discovered fossils of the Middle Triassic reptileAtopodentatus unicuscall for a radical reassessment of its feeding behavior. The skull displays a pronounced hammerhead shape that was hitherto unknown. The long, straight anterior edges of both upper and lower jaws were lined with batteries of chisel-shaped teeth, whereas the remaining parts of the jaw rami supported densely packed needle-shaped teeth forming a mesh. The evidence indicates a novel feeding mechanism wherein the chisel-shaped teeth were used to scrape algae off the substrate, and the plant matter that was loosened was filtered from the water column through the more posteriorly positioned tooth mesh. This is the oldest record of herbivory within marine reptiles.

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23

Danise, Silvia, and Nicholas D. Higgs. "Bone-eating Osedax worms lived on Mesozoic marine reptile deadfalls." Biology Letters 11, no. 4 (April 2015): 20150072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0072.

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We report fossil traces of Osedax , a genus of siboglinid annelids that consume the skeletons of sunken vertebrates on the ocean floor, from early-Late Cretaceous (approx. 100 Myr) plesiosaur and sea turtle bones. Although plesiosaurs went extinct at the end-Cretaceous mass extinction (66 Myr), chelonioids survived the event and diversified, and thus provided sustenance for Osedax in the 20 Myr gap preceding the radiation of cetaceans, their main modern food source. This finding shows that marine reptile carcasses, before whales, played a key role in the evolution and dispersal of Osedax and confirms that its generalist ability of colonizing different vertebrate substrates, like fishes and marine birds, besides whale bones, is an ancestral trait. A Cretaceous age for unequivocal Osedax trace fossils also dates back to the Mesozoic the origin of the entire siboglinid family, which includes chemosynthetic tubeworms living at hydrothermal vents and seeps, contrary to phylogenetic estimations of a Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic origin (approx. 50–100 Myr).

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Schulp, A. S., G. H. I. M. Walenkamp, P. A. M. Hofman, B. M. Rothschild, and J. W. M. Jagt. "Rib fracture in Prognathodon saturator (Mosasauridae, Late Cretaceous)." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 83, no. 4 (December 2004): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600020345.

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AbstractTwo unusual bumps occur on the internal surface of a rib of the marine reptile Prognathodon saturator from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Maastricht, The Netherlands. These bumps are interpreted as stress fractures, possibly related to agonistic behaviour.

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25

Konishi, Takuya. "The northernmost occurrence of Prognathodon (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Western Interior Seaway of North America." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, no. 9 (September 2012): 1111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e2012-038.

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The marine reptile Prognathodon (Squamata: Mosasauridae), a mosasaurine mosasaur exhibiting a characteristically robust skull and dentition, lived during the last two ages of the Late Cretaceous. Fossilized remains of animals assigned to this genus are so far known from North America, Europe, Africa, and New Zealand, indicating their wide geographic ranges and presumed ecological and evolutionary success. Assignable to Prognathodon, a newly discovered partial marginal tooth from Dorothy, Alberta, Canada (51°15′48″N), extends the geographic range of the genus by 190 km northward in the Northern Hemisphere. Coupled with the New Zealand record of this mosasaur, the new discovery indicates that Prognathodon likely ranged anywhere from 60°N to 60°S paleolatitude, and these reptiles may even have been occasional inhabitants of the polar regions.

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Fischer, Valentin, Robert Weis, and Ben Thuy. "Refining the marine reptile turnover at the Early–Middle Jurassic transition." PeerJ 9 (February 22, 2021): e10647. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10647.

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Even though a handful of long-lived reptilian clades dominated Mesozoic marine ecosystems, several biotic turnovers drastically changed the taxonomic composition of these communities. A seemingly slow paced, within-geological period turnover took place across the Early–Middle Jurassic transition. This turnover saw the demise of early neoichthyosaurians, rhomaleosaurid plesiosaurians and early plesiosauroids in favour of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurians and cryptoclidid and pliosaurid plesiosaurians, clades that will dominate the Late Jurassic and, for two of them, the entire Early Cretaceous as well. The fossil record of this turnover is however extremely poor and this change of dominance appears to be spread across the entire middle Toarcian–Bathonian interval. We describe a series of ichthyosaurian and plesiosaurian specimens from successive geological formations in Luxembourg and Belgium that detail the evolution of marine reptile assemblages across the Early–Middle Jurassic transition within a single area, the Belgo–Luxembourgian sub-basin. These fossils reveal the continuing dominance of large rhomaleosaurid plesiosaurians, microcleidid plesiosaurians and Temnodontosaurus-like ichthyosaurians up to the latest Toarcian, indicating that the structuration of the upper tier of Western Europe marine ecosystems remained essentially constant up to the very end of the Early Jurassic. These fossils also suddenly record ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurians and cryptoclidid plesiosaurians by the early Bajocian. These results from a geographically-restricted area provide a clearer picture of the shape of the marine reptile turnover occurring at the early–Middle Jurassic transition. This event appears restricted to the sole Aalenian stage, reducing the uncertainty of its duration, at least for ichthyosaurians and plesiosaurians, to 4 instead of 14 million years.

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27

Vitousek, Maren N., James S. Adelman, Nathan C. Gregory, and James J. H. St Clair. "Heterospecific alarm call recognition in a non-vocal reptile." Biology Letters 3, no. 6 (October 2, 2007): 632–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0443.

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The ability to recognize and respond to the alarm calls of heterospecifics has previously been described only in species with vocal communication. Here we provide evidence that a non-vocal reptile, the Galápagos marine iguana ( Amblyrhynchus cristatus ), can eavesdrop on the alarm call of the Galápagos mockingbird ( Nesomimus parvulus ) and respond with anti-predator behaviour. Eavesdropping on complex heterospecific communications demonstrates a remarkable degree of auditory discrimination in a non-vocal species.

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MULLER, JOHANNES, SILVIO RENESTO, and SUSAN E. EVANS. "The marine diapsid reptile Endennasaurus from the Upper Triassic of Italy." Palaeontology 48, no. 1 (January 2005): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00434.x.

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Jiang, Da-Yong, Ryosuke Motani, Andrea Tintori, Olivier Rieppel, Cheng Ji, Min Zhou, Xue Wang, Hao Lu, and Zhi-Guang Li. "Evidence Supporting Predation of 4-m Marine Reptile by Triassic Megapredator." iScience 23, no. 9 (September 2020): 101347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101347.

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Buchy, Marie-Céline, and Héctor M. De La Paz Espinoza. "Piñatas of the desert: a collection of 1/10 scale models of late Jurassic Mexican marine reptiles." Geological Curator 9, no. 3 (September 2010): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc224.

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A decade of investigation of marine Upper Jurassic sediments in north-east Mexico has yielded a hitherto unknown marine reptile assemblage. Some of the specimens, including holotypes, are kept in collection at the Museo del Desierto, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of this institution, it was decided to create 3D life restorations of these animals (dubbed 'pinatas') at a 1/10 scale, consistent with current research about anatomy and life-style, using a variety of techniques and a restricted budget. The impact on the public is real and rewarding.

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Buchy, Marie-Céline. "First record ofOphthalmosaurus(Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Tithonian (Upper Jurassic) of Mexico." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 1 (January 2010): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08-122.1.

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From the Middle Jurassic on, the Tethys basin opened westward; the existence of a Carribean corridor linking the European and Pacific realms now appears well supported by comparison of marine reptile assemblages (e.g., Gasparini and Fernández, 1997, 2005; Gasparini et al., 2000; Fernández and Iturralde-Vinent, 2000; Gasparini and Iturralde-Vinent, 2001, 2006; Gasparini et al., 2002). Marine transgression in Mexico began during the Callovian, as evidenced by the evaporites of the Minas Viejas Fm. However, microfossils and invertebrate assemblages indicate that the Mexican Gulf remained isolated from both the European Archipelago and the Pacific, at least temporarily, until the middle Berriasian; the Florida uplift and southward movement of Yucatan were proposed as possibly forming a barrier (Salvador et al., 1993; Adatte et al., 1994, 1996; Goldhammer, 1999; Goldhammer and Johnston, 2001; Gasparini and Iturralde-Vinent, 2006). After almost a decade of field work and examination of collections, the Late Jurassic marine reptile assemblage of north-east Mexico confirms the conclusions drawn from microfossils and invertebrates. Poorly diagnostic ichthyosaur remains, with various thalattosuchians, numerically dominate the assemblage. Sauropterygians are rare, mainly represented by large pliosaurids of unclear affinities, a few vertebrae attributed to elasmosaurids, and a unique cryptoclidid. Turtles are yet to be reported (Frey et al., 2002; Buchy et al., 2003, 2005b, 2006a–d; Buchy, 2007, 2008a, b; material currently under study).

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de Miguel Chaves, Carlos, Francisco Ortega, and Adán Pérez-García. "New highly pachyostotic nothosauroid interpreted as a filter-feeding Triassic marine reptile." Biology Letters 14, no. 8 (August 2018): 20180130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0130.

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Two well-preserved specimens of a new eosauropterygian from the Upper Triassic of Central Spain are attributed to a new taxon, Paludidraco multidentatus gen. et sp. nov. It is a member of Simosauridae that presents several exclusive characters suggesting a highly specialized trophic adaptation. This discovery increases the already high ecological disparity of the Triassic marine reptiles.

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Krause, Douglas J., and Tracey L. Rogers. "Food caching by a marine apex predator, the leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 6 (June 2019): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0203.

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The foraging behaviors of apex predators can fundamentally alter ecosystems through cascading predator–prey interactions. Food caching is a widely studied, taxonomically diverse behavior that can modify competitive relationships and affect population viability. We address predictions that food caching would not be observed in the marine environment by summarizing recent caching reports from two marine mammal and one marine reptile species. We also provide multiple caching observations from disparate locations for a fourth marine predator, the leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx (de Blainville, 1820)). Drawing from consistent patterns in the terrestrial literature, we suggest the unusual diversity of caching strategies observed in leopard seals is due to high variability in their polar marine habitat. We hypothesize that caching is present across the spectrum of leopard seal social dominance; however, prevalence is likely to increase in smaller, less-dominant animals that hoard to gain competitive advantage. Given the importance of this behavior, we draw attention to the high probability of observing food caching behavior in other marine species.

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KOČÍ, TOMÁŠ, MARTINA KOČOVÁ VESELSKÁ, WILLIAM A. NEWMAN, JOHN S. BUCKERIDGE, and JAN SKLENÁŘ. "Archaeochionelasmus nekvasilovae gen. et sp. nov. (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha, Chionelasmatoidea) from the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (Czech Republic): the first bona fide Cretaceous neobalanoform." Zootaxa 4294, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4294.2.3.

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This paper records a new sessile cirripede from a nearshore, shallow-water facies at Předboj near Prague, Czech Republic. The new taxon, Archaeochionelasmus nekvasilovae gen. et sp. nov., is the earliest known neobalanoform barnacle, and while it may have been an obligate commensal of a cephalopod or marine reptile, that it was a shore barnacle cannot be ruled out. (Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:177CC951-CEC1-425C-B693-46ADB83BD5D9)

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Hogler, Jennifer A. "Speculations on the Role of Marine Reptile Deadfalls in Mesozoic Deep-Sea Paleoecology." PALAIOS 9, no. 1 (February 1994): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3515077.

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36

Cook, Francis. "Update on Quebec Amphibian and Reptile Atlas Project; Froglog; Amphipacifica; Marine Turtle Newsletter." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i2.907.

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37

Stevens, L., S. Chapman, and C. Hughes. "Compactor storage for the fossil marine reptile collections at the Natural History Museum." Geological Curator 11, no. 2 (December 2019): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc1481.

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Moving museum collections never seems to happen in the same way twice. The differences in specimen types, scale, distance, timescale, funding, staff resource, governance and scope seem to render lessons learned from previous moves almost pointless. Surely there must be a finite number of things that can go wrong, things to bear in mind and things never to do again? This report details our experiences in the hope that one day someone will conduct a specimen move in which all goes to plan.

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Wikelski, Martin, Victor Carrillo, and Fritz Trillmich. "ENERGY LIMITS TO BODY SIZE IN A GRAZING REPTILE, THE GALAPAGOS MARINE IGUANA." Ecology 78, no. 7 (October 1997): 2204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[2204:eltbsi]2.0.co;2.

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McGowan, C. "Unusual extensions of the neural spines in two ichthyosaurs from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-034.

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Some unusual extensions of the neural spines are reported for two ichthyosaurs from the Lower Jurassic of Germany. These processes are similar to those recently reported for the enigmatic marine reptile Hupehsuchus, from the Middle Triassic of China. There are insufficient data to determine whether the ichthyosaurian processes are homologous with those of Hupehsuchus, nor whether they represent ancestral features that were normally suppressed during ontogeny. The possibility that the processes are artificial rather than natural cannot be discounted.

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Chen, Xiao-hong, Ryosuke Motani, Long Cheng, Da-yong Jiang, and Olivier Rieppel. "A Carapace-Like Bony ‘Body Tube’ in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation." PLoS ONE 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2014): e94396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094396.

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41

Buchy, M. C., K. T. Smith, E. Frey, W. Stinnesbeck, A. H. González González, C. Ifrim, J. G. López-Oliva, and H. Porras-Muzquiz. "Annotated catalogue of marine squamates (Reptilia) from the Upper Cretaceous of northeastern Mexico." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84, no. 3 (September 2005): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600020977.

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AbstractRecent work in the Upper Cretaceous of northeastern Mexico has produced a diversity of vertebrate remains. For specimens referable to Squamata, both old and new, an annotated catalogue is here provided, wherein are summarised the geological context and morphological features of each specimen. All specimens appear to represent marine squamates, including an aigialosaur-like reptile preserving integumentary structures, several vertebrae possibly representing mosasauroids, the first Mexican mosasaur known from significant cranial material, an isolated mosasaur mandibular fragment, and the holotype of Amphekepubis johnsoni (considered to belong to Mosasaurus). These discoveries are auspicious and should deepen our understanding of palaeobiogeographic and evolutionary patterns

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42

Noè, L. F., R. Gómez-Cruz, M. Gómez-Pérez, and P. Patarroyo. "A pliosaur travels: the packaging of a unique Cretaceous marine reptile, and its transport from Colombia to the United Kingdom." Geological Curator 8, no. 6 (December 2006): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc373.

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As a result of a collaborative research effort between the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and the Sedgwick Museum (UK) the acid prepared skull and rock encased postcranial skeleton of a new Cretaceous marine reptile (a pliosaur) has been transported from Bogot� to the University of Cambridge. This contribution details the procedure from agreeing the loan, planning the transport, obtaining the funds, through the challenge of paperwork, innovative packing and labelling, to planning and managing the media, and the successful arrival of the specimen.

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JIANG, Dayong, Ryosuke MOTANI, Weicheng HAO, Olivier RIEPPEL, Yuanlin SUN, Andrea TINTORI, Zuoyu SUN, and Lars SCHMITZ. "Biodiversity and Sequence of the Middle Triassic Panxian Marine Reptile Fauna, Guizhou Province, China." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 83, no. 3 (June 10, 2009): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00047.x.

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44

Campbell, James A., Claudia J. Schröder-Adams, James W. Haggart, Patrick S. Drucken-Miller, Michael J. Ryan, and Grant D. Zazula. "First records of a Plesiosaurian (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) and an Ichthyosaur (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from Yukon, Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 127, no. 3 (December 3, 2013): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v127i3.1489.

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An isolated centrum collected ex situ from marine shales of the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Arctic Red Formation along the Road River represents the first documented occurrence of a plesiosaurian from Yukon. This centrum represents the northernmost occurrence of plesiosaurians in the Western Interior Sea of North America prior to the establishment of the first continuous seaway (Western Interior Seaway) connecting the Boreal and Tethyan seas. Additionally, this centrum is potentially the second-oldest elasmosaurid specimen known from North America. A second centrum, collected along the Beaver River, is likely derived from the Lower Cretaceous (Lower Albian) Garbutt Formation exposed farther upstream. It represents the first report of an ichthyosaur from Yukon. Additionally, six associated ribs collected from the Arctic Red Formation along the Peel River may also belong to a marine reptile; however, poor preservation of these ribs prevents a definitive taxonomic assignment.

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Bardet, Nathalie. "Maastrichtian marine reptiles of the Mediterranean Tethys: a palaeobiogeographical approach." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 573–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.183.6.573.

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AbstractA global comparison of coeval Maastrichtian marine reptiles (squamates, plesiosaurs, chelonians and crocodyliformes) of Europe, New Jersey, northwestern Africa and Middle-East has been performed. More than twenty outcrops and fifty species (half of them being mosasaurids) have been recorded. PEA and Cluster Analysis have been performed using part of this database and have revealed that marine reptile faunas (especially the mosasaurid ones) from the Mediterranean Tethys are clearly segregated into two different palaeobiogeographical provinces: 1) The northern Tethys margin province (New Jersey and Europe), located around palaeolatitudes 30-40°N and developping into warm-temperate environments, is dominated by mosasaurid squamates and chelonioid chelonians; it is characterized by the mosasaurid association of Mosasaurus hoffmanni and Prognathodon sectorius. 2) The southern Tethys margin province (Brazil and the Arabo-African domain), located between palaeolatitudes 20°N-20°S and developping into intertropical environments, is dominated by mosasaurid squamates and bothremydid chelonians; it is characterized by the mosasaurid association of Globidens phosphaticus as well as by Halisaurus arambourgi and Platecarpus (?) ptychodon (Arabo-African domain). These faunal differences are interpreted as revealing palaeoecological preferences probably linked to differences in palaeolatitudinal gradients and/or to palaeocurrents.On a palaeoecological point on view and concerning mosasaurids, the mosasaurines (Prognathodon, Mosasaurus, Globidens and Carinodens) prevail on both margins but with different species. The ichthyophageous plioplatecarpines Plioplatecarpus (Northern margin) and Platecarpus (?) ptychodon (Southern margin) characterise respectively each margin. The halisaurine Halisaurus is present on both margins but with different species. Of importance, the tylosaurines remain currently unknown on the southern Tethys margin and are restricted to higher palaeolatitudes. Chelonians (bothremydids and chelonioids) are respective of each margin, which probably indicates lower dispersal capabilities compared to mosasaurids. The relative scarcity of plesiosaurs and crocodyliformes could be linked to different ecological preferences. The noteworthy crocodyliforme diversity increase in the Palaeogene is probably linked to mosasaurid extinction during the biological crisis of the K/Pg boundary.

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Dortangs, Rudi W., Anne S. Schulp, Eric W. A. Mulder, John W. M. Jagt, Hans H. G. Peeters, and Douwe Th de Graaf. "A large new mosasaur from the Upper Cretaceous of The Netherlands." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 81, no. 1 (March 2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600020515.

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AbstractWe report the discovery of a new species of marine reptile, a mosasaur, from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of The Netherlands. Prognathodon saturator sp. nov. is represented by an almost complete skull and much of the postcranial skeleton, and is one of the largest mosasaurs discovered to date. The stout skull and extremely massive jaws are more powerfully built than in any other known mosasaur. Bite marks, the partial disarticulation and scattering of the skeleton, and the presence of associated teeth of Squalicorax and Plicatoscyllium suggest extensive scavenging by sharks.

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HOUSSAYE, ALEXANDRA, NATHALIE BARDET, JEAN-CLAUDE RAGE, XABIER PEREDA SUBERBIOLA, BAÂDI BOUYA, MBAREK AMAGHZAZ, and MOHAMED AMALIK. "A review of Pachyvaranus crassispondylus Arambourg, 1952, a pachyostotic marine squamate from the latest Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco and Syria." Geological Magazine 148, no. 2 (July 9, 2010): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756810000580.

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AbstractThe discovery of new specimens of Pachyvaranus crassispondylus Arambourg, 1952 from the Maastrichtian phosphates of Morocco and Syria enables us to (1) redescribe in detail this poorly known varanoid lizard, (2) provide a more detailed diagnosis and (3) re-evaluate the systematic affinities of this taxon within squamates. The latter is placed in Pachyvaranidae nov., considered a new unranked clade of non-pythonomorph Varanoidea. The intense pachyosteosclerosis observed in the vertebrae and ribs suggests a primarily aquatic mode of life for Pachyvaranus. This is in accordance with the sedimentological context (shallow marine environment). As for its palaeobiogeographical distribution, Pachyvaranus is a component of the marine reptile assemblages from the southern margin of the Mediterranean Tethys, around palaeolatitudes 20° N. The osteoderms previously referred to this taxon by Arambourg are reanalysed and assigned to a teleost fish.

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Surmik, Dawid, Tomasz Szczygielski, Katarzyna Janiszewska, and Bruce M. Rothschild. "Tuberculosis-like respiratory infection in 245-million-year-old marine reptile suggested by bone pathologies." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 6 (June 2018): 180225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180225.

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An absence of ancient archaeological and palaeontological evidence of pneumonia contrasts with its recognition in the more recent archaeological record. We document an apparent infection-mediated periosteal reaction affecting the dorsal ribs in a Middle Triassic eosauropterygian historically referred to as ‘ Proneusticosaurus ’ silesiacus . High-resolution X-ray microtomography and histological studies of the pathologically altered ribs revealed the presence of a continuous solid periosteal reaction with multiple superficial blebs (protrusions) on the visceral surfaces of several ribs. Increased vascularization and uneven lines of arrested growth document that the pathology was the result of a multi-seasonal disease. While visceral surface localization of this periosteal reaction represents the earliest identified evidence for pneumonia, the blebs may have an additional implication: they have only been previously recognized in humans with tuberculosis (TB). Along with this diagnosis is the presence of focal vertebral erosions, parsimoniously compared to vertebral manifestation of TB in humans.

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Surmik, Dawid. "Hemilopas mentzeli, an enigmatic marine reptile from the Middle Triassic of Poland revisited." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 282, no. 2 (November 21, 2016): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2016/0614.

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Cheng, Long, Xiao-Hong Chen, Qing-Hua Shang, and Xiao-Chun Wu. "A new marine reptile from the Triassic of China, with a highly specialized feeding adaptation." Naturwissenschaften 101, no. 3 (January 23, 2014): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-014-1148-4.

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