Journal articles on the topic 'Marine Renewable Energy (MRE)'
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1
Vinagre, Pedro Almeida, Teresa Simas, Erica Cruz, Emiliano Pinori, and Johan Svenson. "Marine Biofouling: A European Database for the Marine Renewable Energy Sector." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 7 (July 5, 2020): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070495.
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Biofouling is a major problem shared among all maritime sectors employing submerged structures where it leads to substantially increased costs and lowered operational lifespans if poorly addressed. Insight into the ongoing processes at the relevant marine locations is key to effective management of biofouling. Of specific concern for the marine renewable energy (MRE) sector is the fact that information on biofouling composition and magnitude across geographies is dispersed throughout published papers and consulting reports. To enable rapid access to relevant key biofouling events the present work describes a European biofouling database to support the MRE sector and other maritime industries. The database compiles in one document qualitative and quantitative data for challenging biofouling groups, including non-native species associated with MRE and related marine equipment, in different European Ecoregions. It provides information on the occurrence of fouling species and data on key biofouling parameters, such as biofouling thickness and weight. The database aims to aid the MRE sector and offshore industries in understanding which biofouling communities their devices are more susceptible to at a given site, to facilitate informed decisions. In addition, the biofouling mapping is useful for the development of biosecurity risk management plans as well as academic research.
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Tan, Andrew Huey Ping, Khin Fai Chen, and Eng Hwa Yap. "System Dynamics of a Marine Renewable Energy Scheme (MRE) for Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 627 (September 2014): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.627.318.
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MRE provides great potential for Malaysia, an emerging economy, to diversify its primary energy mix and ensuring the security of its energy supply. In this paper, the state-of-the-art of each MRE type is studied alongside hydrographical and geographical conditions of Malaysian waters. It is based upon this knowledge that an MRE scheme is proposed for Malaysia. However, introducing a complex MRE system into Malaysia’s energy pool requires in-depth understanding of key governing factors and the dynamic behaviours of its implementation using a systemic approach. Results from system dynamics modelling have identified key-enablers to fast-track the implementation of MRE in Malaysia.
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Dengwen, Xia, Gao Yanbo, Wang Ji, and Xia Qian. "Analysis of the Development of China's Marine Renewable Energy Industry." Marine Technology Society Journal 48, no. 6 (November 1, 2014): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.48.6.11.
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AbstractThe Chinese government has attached great significance to the research, development, and utilization of marine renewable energy (MRE), all of which made significant achievements in the year 2012. This paper systematically reviews and analyzes the development status of China's MRE industry, in terms of resources, policies, and technologies. Some problems are also pointed out, in order to provide further suggestions for China's MRE sector in the future. Prospects and main tasks in the near future are proposed to establish the demonstration bases of MRE and the national public supporting platform for MRE. The development and utilization of MRE have become a significant measure for China for increasing renewable energy power, optimizing energy structure, developing the marine economy, and reducing power shortages on islands. In the future, China will continue to promote the R&D of ocean energy technology as well as the development of technology demonstration and perfection among service providers of industrial applications.
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Copping, Andrea E., Mikaela C. Freeman, Alicia M. Gorton, and Lenaïg G. Hemery. "Risk Retirement—Decreasing Uncertainty and Informing Consenting Processes for Marine Renewable Energy Development." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8030172.
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Marine renewable energy (MRE) is under development in many coastal nations, adding to the portfolio of low carbon energy sources that power national electricity grids as well as off-grid uses in isolated areas and at sea. Progress in establishing the MRE industry, largely wave and tidal energy, has been slowed in part due to uncertainty about environmental risks of these devices, including harm to marine animals and habitats, and the associated concerns of regulators and stakeholders. A process for risk retirement was developed to organize and apply knowledge in a strategic manner that considered whether specific environmental effects are likely to cause harm. The risk retirement process was tested against two key MRE stressors: effects of underwater noise from operational MRE devices on marine animals, and effects of electromagnetic fields from MRE electrical export cables on marine animals. The effects of installation of MRE devices were not accounted for in this analysis. Applying the risk retirement process could decrease the need for costly investigations of each potential effect at every new MRE project site and help move the industry beyond current barriers.
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Copping, Andrea E., Lenaïg G. Hemery, Dorian M. Overhus, Lysel Garavelli, Mikaela C. Freeman, Jonathan M. Whiting, Alicia M. Gorton, Hayley K. Farr, Deborah J. Rose, and Levy G. Tugade. "Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110879.
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Marine renewable energy (MRE) harnesses energy from the ocean and provides a low-carbon sustainable energy source for national grids and remote uses. The international MRE industry is in the early stages of development, focused largely on tidal and riverine turbines, and wave energy converters (WECs), to harness energy from tides, rivers, and waves, respectively. Although MRE supports climate change mitigation, there are concerns that MRE devices and systems could affect portions of the marine and river environments. The greatest concern for tidal and river turbines is the potential for animals to be injured or killed by collision with rotating blades. Other risks associated with MRE device operation include the potential for turbines and WECs to cause disruption from underwater noise emissions, generation of electromagnetic fields, changes in benthic and pelagic habitats, changes in oceanographic processes, and entanglement of large marine animals. The accumulated knowledge of interactions of MRE devices with animals and habitats to date is summarized here, along with a discussion of preferred management methods for encouraging MRE development in an environmentally responsible manner. As there are few devices in the water, understanding is gained largely from examining one to three MRE devices. This information indicates that there will be no significant effects on marine animals and habitats due to underwater noise from MRE devices or emissions of electromagnetic fields from cables, nor changes in benthic and pelagic habitats, or oceanographic systems. Ongoing research to understand potential collision risk of animals with turbine blades still shows significant uncertainty. There has been no significant field research undertaken on entanglement of large animals with mooring lines and cables associated with MRE devices.
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ZBURLEA, Laura, and Eugen RUSU. "AN EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF EXTRACTING MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE BLACK SEA." Mechanical Testing and Diagnosis 11, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mtd.2021.1.02.
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Energy production based on fossil fuels is the main reason for global warming. Many countries have begun switching fossil fuels with renewable energies, reducing the effects of climate change. A tremendous potential in future energy needs plays the Marine Renewable Energies (MRE). The MRE industry should take into consideration the potential environmental effects and if it poses any risks to marine animals, surrounding habitats or ecosystem processes. This research provides some insights regarding the MRE development and points out the potential environmental effects of implementing them and finally, draws some lines regarding the ecological effects of the MRE extraction from the Black Sea.
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Lima da Silva, Catarina Luiza Damasceno, Pedro Henrique Castello Branco Dágola, Marcos Antônio Cruz Moreira, and Luís Felipe Umbelino dos Santos. "Environmental impacts on marine energy: collision risks for marine animals and priority species for monitoring in Brazil." Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada 22, no. 2 (June 2022): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5894/rgci-n496.
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ABSTRACT Brazil has great potential for the development of technologies for the conversion of marine energy from waves and tides, which raises the discussion about the possible environmental impacts of these projects. This article seeks to synthesize knowledge about the risks of collision of marine animals, such as mammals, fish and birds, with marine renewable energy (MRE) devices, as well as to identify priority species for environmental monitoring along the Brazilian coast. The risk of marine mammals colliding with MRE devices is influenced by regional and behavioral factors. The risk of collision in a fish community is influenced by the avoidance behavior, the distribution of fish in the MRE sites and the stages of the enterprise (installation, operation and maintenance). Seabird collision risk is influenced by species behavior (geographical distribution, seasonal habitat use, diving time and depth) and the location of MRE structures (surface and/or water column). The survey of priority species for monitoring the risk of collision with MRE devices in Brazil consisted of 5 species of marine mammals, 13 taxa of seabirds, 5 species of endangered sea turtles and 18 species or groups of species of fish of economic importance to the country. The research review did not record the occurrence of collisions with marine animals. However, this does not mean that they did not occur, but that they may not have been observed due to monitoring challenges. The study concluded that research on the interaction of marine animals with MRE devices should be encouraged, even in prototypes and non-commercial projects, in order to reduce knowledge gaps and support the development of MRE in an environmentally sound manner. Keywords: Marine renewable energy, Collision risk, Species, Marine animals.
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Noble, Donald R., Michael O’Shea, Frances Judge, Eider Robles, Rodrigo Martinez, Faryal Khalid, Philipp R. Thies, et al. "Standardising Marine Renewable Energy Testing: Gap Analysis and Recommendations for Development of Standards." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090971.
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Marine renewable energy (MRE) is still an emerging technology. As such, there is still a lack of mature standards and guidance for the development and testing of these devices. The sector covers a wide range of disciplines, so there is a need for more comprehensive guidance to cover these. This paper builds on a study undertaken in the MaRINET2 project to summarise recommendations and guidance for testing MRE devices and components, by reviewing the recently published guidance. Perceived gaps in the guidance are then discussed, expanding on the previous study. Results from an industry survey are also used to help quantify and validate these gaps. The main themes identified can be summarised as: the development progression from concept to commercialisation, including more complex environmental conditions in testing, accurately modelling and quantifying the power generated, including grid integration, plus modelling and testing of novel moorings and foundation solutions. A pathway to a standardised approach to MRE testing is presented, building on recommendations learnt from the MaRINET2 round-robin testing, showing how these recommendations are being incorporated into the guidance and ultimately feeding into the development of international standards for the marine renewable energy sector.
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Cavagnaro, Robert J., Andrea E. Copping, Rebecca Green, David Greene, Scott Jenne, Debbie Rose, and Dorian Overhus. "Powering the Blue Economy: Progress Exploring Marine Renewable Energy Integration With Ocean Observations." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.6.11.
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AbstractMarine renewable energy (MRE) encompasses the harvest of energy from the movement of ocean waters in the form of either currents or waves, as well as temperature and salinity differentials. To date, most MRE development has focused on utility-scale electrical grid generation, but a growing body of work focuses on non-grid applications in the blue economy where MRE could provide power on-site and at the scale needed for specific maritime sectors. One of the blue economy sectors with promising applications for MRE is ocean observations using both mobile and stationary platforms. This paper documents the steps and results of engaging with experts across the myriad ocean observation platforms and capabilities to inform five use cases. These use cases include descriptions of specific ocean observation applications performing measurements of high societal value (e.g., data for weather forecasting and tsunami detection) that closely resemble specific sensing systems and, in most cases, are placed in a particular area of the ocean. Rapid resource assessments (i.e., first-order estimates) were performed at these locations to determine the suitability of marine and other renewable energy sources. From the information gathered so far, MRE has significant potential to enable improved ocean observation missions, expand ocean observing capacity, and develop as an industry in parallel with the needs of our changing oceans.
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de Peralta, Fleurdeliza A., Mark D. Watson, Ryan M. Bays, Joshua R. Boles, and Ford E. Powers. "Cybersecurity Resiliency of Marine Renewable Energy Systems Part 2: Cybersecurity Best Practices and Risk Management." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.2.4.
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Abstract Marine renewable energy (MRE) is an emerging source of power for marine applications, marine devices, and coastal communities. This energy source relies on industrial control systems and IT to support operations and maintenance activities, which create a pathway for an adversary to gain unauthorized access to systems and data and disrupt operations. Incorporating cybersecurity risk prevention measures and mitigation capabilities from inception, development, operation, to decommissioning of the MRE system and components is paramount to the protection of energy generation and the security of network architecture and infrastructure. To improve the resilience of MRE systems as a predictable, affordable, and reliable source of energy, cybersecurity guidance was developed to enable operators to assess cybersecurity risks and implement security measures commensurate with the risk. This publication is the second of a two-part series, with Part 1 addressing a framework to determine cybersecurity risk by assessing the vulnerability of an MRE system to potential cyber threats and the consequences a cyberattack would have on the end user. This Part 2 publication describes an approach to select appropriate cybersecurity best practices commensurate with the MRE system's cybersecurity risk. The guidance includes 86 cybersecurity best practices, which are associated with 36 cybersecurity domains and grouped into nine categories. The best practices follow the core functions of the National Institute of Science and Technology Cybersecurity Framework (e.g., identify, detect, protect, respond, and and recover) and insights from both maritime and energy industry guidance documents to identify security measures effective in protecting information and operational technology assets prevalent in MRE systems.
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de Peralta, Fleurdeliza A. "Cybersecurity Resiliency of Marine Renewable Energy Systems‐Part 1: Identifying Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities and Determining Risk." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.6.9.
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AbstractTechnology innovation, market demand, and the potential impacts of a changing climate are driving the marine renewable energy (MRE) industry to develop market-ready systems to provide low-carbon electricity for emerging, off-grid markets. The advanced operational and information technology devices used in MRE systems create a pathway for a cyber threat actor to gain unauthorized access to data or disrupt operation. To improve the resiliency of MRE systems as a predictable, affordable, and reliable source of energy from oceans and rivers, guidance was developed for an end users' organization that describes a framework for identifying and managing cybersecurity risk. The development of the cybersecurity guidance is based on standards described in the Risk Management Framework and Cybersecurity Framework developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This paper is the first of a two-part series that describes an approach to determine the cybersecurity risk for MRE systems based on assessing potential cyber threats, identifying vulnerabilities (people, processes, and technology, including physical and operational environment), and evaluating the consequences a cyberattack would have on operation of the MRE system and impact on end users' mission and business objectives. MRE developers and stakeholders can use this approach to assess their current cybersecurity risk posture to incorporate appropriate cybersecurity controls to reduce the consequences and impacts from a cyberattack on MRE systems. This approach can be refined further as MRE systems are deployed and operational configurations are available.
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Staines, Garrett, Gayle Barbin Zydlewski, Haley A. Viehman, and Rachel Kocik. "Applying Two Active Acoustic Technologies to Document Presence of Large Marine Animal Targets at a Marine Renewable Energy Site." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090704.
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Coastal regions are highly used by humans. The growing marine renewable energy (MRE) industry will add to existing anthropogenic pressures in these regions. Regulatory bodies require animal risk assessment before new industrial activities can progress, and MRE is no exception. Preliminary data of marine mammal use of an MRE device deployment location could be informative to permitting. A combination of downlooking hydroacoustics using an echosounder and acoustic camera (imaging sonar) was used to provide a number of large targets (proxy for large fish and marine mammals) in an area of interest for MRE tidal turbine deployment in Western Passage, Maine, USA. Data were collected in May, June, August, and September of 2010 and 2011. Of the nine large targets confirmed to be animals, eight were porpoises and one was a shark. Few large targets were observed in May and June, with the majority (90%) being present in August and September of both years. The most large targets were observed when tidal current speed was less than 1 m·s−1. These data provide a preliminary assessment of large targets in a single location over sixteen 24-h surveys. The aforementioned methodology could be used for future pre- and post-installation assessments at MRE device deployment locations. Their use in concert with visual and passive acoustic monitoring can provide water depth usage by marine mammals, which is a metric that is difficult to assess with passive acoustic and visual techniques.
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Kularathna, A. H. T. Shyam, Sayaka Suda, Ken Takagi, and Shigeru Tabeta. "Evaluation of Co-Existence Options of Marine Renewable Energy Projects in Japan." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 18, 2019): 2840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102840.
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Consensus building among local stakeholders is vital for the success of the proposed initial commercial marine renewable energy (MRE) projects in Japan. Even though the literature on stakeholder acceptance highlights the importance of creating local benefits and co-creation options, very few studies and almost no empirical data have been published on the application of non-monetary benefit creation schemes in the context of MRE. Hence, the purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the possible co-existence options available for Japan’s MRE projects through data collected from interviews and questionnaire surveys in two development sites in Nagasaki and Kitakyushu in Southern Japan. To overcome the limitations of data unavailability and uncertainty, the Dempster Shafer Analytic Hierarchy Process (DS-AHP) was used for evaluating the best co-existence strategy out of five potential options. The results indicate that local fisheries prefer the oceanographic information sharing option whereas most of the other stakeholders prefer using local resources to construct and operate the power plant, creating business involvement opportunities for the local community. Analysis of stakeholders’ decision behaviors suggests that perceived impacts, knowledge, and values influence the preference decision. In addition to the validation of stakeholder preference of the previously proposed co-existence options with empirical data, this study provides a robust method to further evaluate the potential options with the availability of new data.
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Barr, Zachary, Jesse Roberts, William Peplinski, Anna West, Sharon Kramer, and Craig Jones. "The Permitting, Licensing and Environmental Compliance Process: Lessons and Experiences within U.S. Marine Renewable Energy." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 5048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165048.
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The marine renewable energy (MRE; renewable energy captured from waves, tides, ocean currents, the natural flow of water in rivers, and marine thermal gradients, without building new dams or diversions) industry has a vital role in the U.S. clean energy strategy as we progress to meet U.S. electricity and blue economy needs with renewable, domestic energy sources. However, a thorough assessment of the U.S. marine energy permitting process from the viewpoints of both developers that propose projects and regulators that permit them has not been performed. Sharing practical experiences in this new industry is vital to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the permitting process, identify data and information gaps, develop lessons learned, and advance the industry. This paper is a case study of qualitative findings, lessons learned, and recommendations from guided discussions, workshops, and webinars with both marine renewable energy developers and state and federal regulators that have experience in the permitting process in the U.S.
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Whiting, Jonathan, Andrea Copping, Mikaela Freeman, and Amy Woodbury. "Tethys knowledge management system: Working to advance the marine renewable energy industry." International Marine Energy Journal 2, no. 1 (Nov) (October 31, 2019): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.2.29-38.
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Development of the marine renewable energy (MRE) industry has been challenged by uncertainty about potential environmental effects, which has resulted in slowing of permitting/consenting processes, and ultimately to constraints on the industry. These challenges result from a lack of sufficient devices in the water from which to learn, a dearth of quality monitoring data, and a lack of accessibility to information about these effects in general. This paper describes an ongoing process to improve understanding of the environmental effects of MRE through a public, online knowledge management system developed by the U.S. Department of Energy, known as Tethys (https://tethys.pnnl.gov). Tethys collects and curates relevant documents while supporting a diverse international community through intentional outreach and synthesis activities, many of which support an international collaboration under the IEA Ocean Energy System’s Annex IV. After eight years of operation, Tethys is internationally recognized and viewed as a trusted broker of information, with over 50,000 visitors annually. Tethys has provided clarity around environmental effects during a critical time in the industry when deployments are increasing in size and frequency.
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Almeida Vinagre, Pedro, and Gonçalo Fonseca. "Early biofouling colonization stages: Implications for operation and maintenance planning in marine renewable energy projects." Open Research Europe 2 (September 5, 2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14854.1.
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Background: Marine biofouling is a threat to industries working in the marine environment, representing enormous costs associated with equipment impairment and loss of performance. In the Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) and other maritime sectors which operate at sea for long periods, an important aspect of biofouling is related to the type and frequency of maintenance. Methods: This study investigated important parameters of macrofouling (for example composition, including the presence of non-indigenous species, thickness, and weight) from communities growing on small-scale wave energy components in marine conditions. The trials were performed during short periods of submersion (one to eight weeks) in the seasons when the colonisation process should be most intensive (spring, summer, and autumn). Furthermore, the frictional resistance forces generated to scrape the biofouling from those artificial components were investigated. Results: Overall, results show that while biofouling growth in early colonization stages might not present great detrimental effects to wave energy components, although marine corrosion and the settlement of non-indigenous species (NIS) should be factors of concern. Conclusions: It is suggested to perform biofouling-related maintenance activities after the peak of maximum growth and reproduction (during the warmer seasons in temperate to cold environments) to reduce the number and frequency of activities. NIS can be detected very early in the colonization process, highlighting the importance of biofouling monitoring and the implementation of biosecurity risk assessment plans early in the operational stage of MRE projects.
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Astariz, Sharay, and Gregorio Iglesias. "ENHANCING MARINE ENERGY COMPETITIVENESS: CO-LOCATED OFFSHORE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY FARMS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.waves.4.
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If marine energy is to become a viable alternative to fossil fuels, its competitiveness must be enhanced. In this sense, combining various renewables in the same marine space is emerging as a solution. Among the different options, this paper focuses on combined wind and wave energy farms. First, the different synergies between both renewable are analysed, such as the more sustainable use of the marine resource or the opportunity to reduce costs of both technologies by sharing some of the most important costs of an offshore project. Second, this paper focuses on two technology synergies: the reduction of the inherent intermittency of renewables; and the so-called shadow effect which implies the reduction of the wave height in the inner part of the wind farm. Both effects may suppose an important reduction in the operation and maintenance cost by reducing the balancing cost when connecting the installation to the grid and increasing weather windows to access the wind turbines. However, the benefits of this combination will depend on the site characteristics and the array layout. On this basis, the power smoothing and shadow effect in co-located farms are analysed through different case studies considering real sea conditions, wind farms currently in operation and a high resolution numerical model (SWAN). Finally, conclusions about the economic benefits of co-located farms are drawn by recalculating the levelised cost of energy when both renewable are combined.
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Bettouche, Mohamed Amine, Mohamed Fouad Benkhoris, Jean-Claude Le Claire, Djamal Aouzellag, Kaci Ghedamsi, and Mourad Ait Ahmed. "Analysis of the effect neutral connection mode for permanent magnet synchronous generator-vienna rectifier set." E3S Web of Conferences 152 (2020): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015203010.
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In this paper, it was considered to investigate a new electrical architecture for the conversion of mechanical energy from renewable sources into electrical energy, fault tolerant and high energy and dynamic performance for the exploitation of marine renewable energy (MRE). The architecture to be investigated concerns a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator combined with a Vienna rectifier, with a topology that minimizes the number of active switches to increase the reliability of the energy conversion chain. Despite the high non-linearity of this architecture, this control is made possible through to the dynamic performance and control of the maximum switching frequency of the self-oscillating controller called the Phase-Shift Self-Oscillating Current-Controller (PSSOCC). The study of the impact of the connection of the PMSG neutral to the mid-point of the DC bus is being investigated.
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Dubois, Shawn, Kerry Klein, and Marlène Villemure. "Viability of renewable technologies from marine derived energy as global sources of electricity." McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v3i1.128.
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Due to dwindling natural resources and continually increasing energy demands, renewable energy may be the solution to the world’s future energy needs. The oceans represent a large reservoir of energy and marine derived renewable energy may in turn represent a significant source of global electricity. In particular, the marine renewables reviewed in this study are ocean thermal energy conversion and wave energy. Unlike more mainstream renewables, little research has been undertaken to determine the capabilities of these technologies. However, the authors believe that these technologies have the potential to contribute significantly to the global energy market. Global potential maps for each technology were constructed using analysis of data sets provided by the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (Columbia University) and a Geographic Information System. These show the best viability of OTEC to be concentrated around the Equator, where the vertical ocean temperature gradients are at least 20°C/km, and that the most suitable areas for wave power are concentrated between the latitudes of roughly 40 to 60° N and S, where surface wind speeds average at least 8 m/s. Given these areas, gross potential outputs were calculated to be 605 TW for OTEC and 3368 TW for wave power, 1% of which is still greater than the global electricity demand (13.2 PWh, or 1.51 TW of power, in 2000 (EIA, 2007)). These results are promising, but they do not reflect technological, sociological and economical limitations. The environmental impacts of these technologies may range from local effects on ecosystems and biodiversity to long-term global climate and oceanic implications. Compared to modern non-renewable energy sources, these technologies have no significant greenhouse gas emissions. Given the globally significant potential outputs and limited environmental impacts of OTEC and wave energy, it is clear that marine renewable energy technologies are viable as future sources of electricity.
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Gonzalez, Silvana, John K. Horne, and Eric Ward. "Does temporal variability limit standardized biological monitoring at wave and tidal energy sites?" International Marine Energy Journal 2, no. 1 (Nov) (October 2, 2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.2.15-28.
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Commercial viability of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) is progressing but no national or international monitoring standards have been established for wave or tidal energy sites. Standardized monitoring within and across MRE sectors is necessary to expedite project permitting/consenting, detect environmental impacts, and enable comparison among sites and technologies. Acoustic backscatter from a bottom-deployed platform at a pilot wave energy site off Newport, Oregon was compared to data collected at a tidal turbine site in Admiralty Inlet, Washington. Metrics that describe fish and macrozooplankton densities and vertical distributions derived from acoustic backscattered energy were compared using wavelets and Autoregressive Moving Average models (ARMA). Average density and vertical distribution values significantly differed between sites. Metrics of density and location in the water column displayed diel (24 h) and tidal (12 h) cycles. Dispersion of animals in the water column varied at 64- and 128-h periods at both sites. Applicability of methods in both sectors suggests that a standard approach to biological monitoring is possible. Stationary acoustics and analytic methods presented here can be used to characterize pre-installation conditions and refine post-installation monitoring to site-specific characteristics to ensure cost-effective detection of impacts associated with MRE development.
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Fagundes Gasparoto, Henrique, Olivier Chocron, Mohamed Benbouzid, Pablo Siqueira Meirelles, and Luiz Saraiva Ferreira. "Torque Analysis of a Flat Reconfigurable Magnetic Coupling Thruster for Marine Renewable Energy Systems Maintenance AUVs." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010056.
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The concept of reconfigurable magnetic coupling thrusters (RMCT) applied to the vectorial thrust of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) has been recently developed and presented. This technology ensures greater robot watertightness with enhanced maneuvering capabilities, which are desired features in agile AUVs for marine renewable energy (MRE) system maintenance. It is possible since in RMCTs the driving torque is magnetically transmitted to the propeller, which has its orientation changed. This work is focused on the coupling and control torque calculation and further analysis of the latest prototype version (Flat-RMCT), in the static condition for the full thrust vector range. For this purpose, a numerical model is implemented and validated with experimental results. The numerical model is based on the finite volume integral method. The results indicate that the minimum magnetic reluctance propensity creates not only the expected magnetic spring effect but also an auto-driving torque due to the non-axial symmetry of coupling rotors, which exists only for reconfigurable couplings. Mathematical functions are proposed to model these effects and they are used to extend the understanding of the coupling. These models can be used to compose a full and accurate dynamic model for a better RMCT simulation, identification, and control.
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Benjamins, Steven, Elizabeth Masden, and Maurizio Collu. "Integrating Wind Turbines and Fish Farms: An Evaluation of Potential Risks to Marine and Coastal Bird Species." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060414.
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Expansion of marine aquaculture into more remote areas will likely accelerate over the next decade. Integrating Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) generation technologies (e.g., wind turbines) into remote, off-grid aquaculture sites will reduce reliance on fossil fuels by allowing localised low-carbon power generation, but may also result in novel environmental pressures. In this study, we undertook a thought experiment to assess the potential for increased collision risks to local marine and coastal bird species of integrating small wind turbines (4 units; combined capacity of 200 MWh) into a generalised marine fish farm in western Scotland (UK). Potential risks to bird species were assessed using a bespoke Sensitivity Index (SI) based on 12 factors, including population size, adult survival rate, UK conservation status, flight manoeuvrability, nocturnal flight activity, habitat preference, sensitivity to wind farms, attraction to fish farms for feeding and/or resting, and attraction to other marine anthropogenic structures/activities. SI scores varied substantially between species, but large gulls (Larus sp.) and European shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) were expected to be at the greatest potential risk. The general lack of information on interactions between birds and fish farms represented a significant knowledge gap, and greater focus on these interactions is needed to improve future risk assessments.
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Zhu, Wan Qiang, Bai Gong Wu, Yong Jun Dong, and Jing Fu Guo. "Research and Experiment on Energy Supplement Technology for Underwater Marine Instruments Based on Tidal Current Energy." Advanced Materials Research 1046 (October 2014): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1046.205.
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At present, with the gradual development of marine technology, application of marine monitoring instruments is becoming increasingly wide, for which there are more and more types of such instruments, and an increasing amount of electric energy is thus consumed. Continuous working period of such instruments and the further extension of their functions are obviously restricted by the link of electric energy supplement. Tidal current energy is a renewable energy in abundant reserve. In this paper, an electric energy supplementing device for drag-type marine monitoring instruments based on electricity generation with tidal current is designed, and its good functions are proved through water tank experiment, for which it can provide energy supplement to marine monitoring instruments.
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Taveira-Pinto, F., P. Rosa-Santos, and T. Fazeres-Ferradosa. "Recent work and prospective analysis on offshore structures and marine energy harvesting at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1201, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1201/1/012043.
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Abstract Marine energy harvesting and offshore structures for marine renewable energy exploitation rise as a trending topic of both research and industrial activities. However, many challenges are yet to be tackled and solved when it comes to place such equipment and structures at sea. Over the past years the Marine Energy Group at FEUP has been tackling some of those challenges aiming at a better competitiveness of marine renewable energy in comparison to traditional oil & gas sector, which is more mature and developed at this point in time. Additionally, recent findings of this research team have also been applicable to several offshore oil & gas infrastructures. In this work, the latest contributions, projects and research outcomes developed by the team are reviewed and presented towards the enhancement of future research lines and industrial opportunities.
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Khalid, Faryal, Peter Davies, Peter Halswell, Nicolas Lacotte, Philipp R. Thies, and Lars Johanning. "Evaluating Mooring Line Test Procedures through the Application of a Round Robin Test Approach." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 6 (June 13, 2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060436.
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Innovation in materials and test protocols, as well as physical and numerical investigations, is required to address the technical challenges arising due to the novel application of components from conventional industries to the marine renewable energy (MRE) industry. Synthetic fibre ropes, widely used for offshore station-keeping, have potential application in the MRE industry to reduce peak mooring line loads. This paper presents the results of a physical characterisation study of a novel hybrid polyester-polyolefin rope for MRE mooring applications through a round robin testing (RRT) approach at two test facilities. The RRT was performed using standard guidelines for offshore mooring lines and the results are verified through the numerical modelling of the rope tensile behaviour. The physical testing provides quantifiable margins for the strength and stiffness properties of the hybrid rope, increases confidence in the test protocols and assesses facility-specific influences on test outcomes. The results indicate that the adopted guidance is suitable for rope testing in mooring applications and there is good agreement between stiffness characterisation at both facilities. Additionally, the numerical model provides a satisfactory prediction of the rope tensile behaviour and it can be used for further parametric studies.
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Liu, Dr Suyu. "Exploring Renewable Energy in Food Supply Chain and Sustainable Marine Fishery with Sustainable Development Goals: Some Methodological Considerations." Scholars Bulletin 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sb.2022.v08i01.002.
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From the angle of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this research note explores renewable energy in food supply chain and sustainable marine fishery. With an initial theoretical analysis, it is observed that the share of renewable energy, as reflected by SDG Indicator 7.2.1, can contribute to the measurement of and data computation for SDG Indicators 12.3.1 and 14.7.1. This is because renewable energy becomes a significant component of on board cost for harvesting, processing, and preserving fishes by marine vessels/fleets. Also renewable energy can be used to estimate food waste because it functions as an estimation for municipal solid waste if data is not directly available. A number of scientific and practical implications are generated. For example, more interdisciplinary studies on the interactions across SDGs should be encouraged, and more in-depth empirical research are also expected in future. The connections between renewable energy, food supply chain, and sustainable marine fishery also call for more holistic policies for sustainable development, with adequate consideration of disparities in country contexts. Effective actions should be taken to further enhance the statistical capacities of countries and international organizations, which will be a foundation for applying more sophisticated techniques into the analysis of data in this field. The main objectives of this short research note are to provoke more scientific thoughts and provide policy-oriented recommendations. It leaves spaces for more empirical evidence-based future research including another study under the author’s plan.
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Li, Cai Ling, Song Zhou, and Ye Han. "Research on the Influence of Wind Energy on New Energy Utilization Coefficient of EEDI." Advanced Materials Research 744 (August 2013): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.744.561.
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Currently, the emissions discharged by ships are becoming more and more serious, which brings a great harm to the atmospheric and marine environment. In order to solve the emissions, especially of CO2 emission, the new ship energy efficiency design index (EEDI) has been introduced to reduce it. According to EEDI calculation formula, the use of new energy technology can reduce marine EEDI. Nowadays, wind energy as a clean and renewable energy, is an ideal alternative energy to be applied on ships. But until now, there is still no definite calculation formula and value regulation to parameters involved in the application of new energy on ships, including new energy utilization coefficient.
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Olmedo-González, Jorge, Guadalupe Ramos-Sánchez, Erika Paola Garduño-Ruiz, and Rosa de Guadalupe González-Huerta. "Analysis of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic—Marine Current Hybrid System and the Influence on Daily and Seasonal Energy Storage." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020468.
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Stand-alone systems in remote regions require the utilization of renewable resources; however, their natural intermittence requires the implementation of energy-storage systems that allow a continuous power supply. More than one renewable source is usually available at the same site. Thus, the choice of a hybrid system seems viable. It is relevant to study hybrid systems as they could reduce energy storage; however, sizing the hybrid system might have several implications, not only for the available daily energy, but also for the required daily energy storage and surplus seasonal energy. In this work, we present a case study of a stand-alone, conventional household powered by photovoltaic and marine-current-energy systems in Cozumel, Mexico. The analysis of different hybridization degrees serves as a guidance tool to decide whether hybrid systems are required for a specific situation; in contrast to previous approaches, where ideal consumption and generation profiles have been utilized, yearlong profiles were utilized here. The renewable potential data were obtained on site at an hourly resolution; requirements such as size of and cycles in the daily and seasonal energy storage were analyzed according to the degree of participation or hybridization of the proposed renewable systems through an algorithm that evaluates power generation and daily consumption throughout the year. A further analysis indicated that marine-current-energy implementation reduces the size of the daily energy-storage system by 79% in comparison to the use of only a photovoltaic system due to the similarity between the energy-demand profile and the marine-current-energy production profile. The results indicate that a greater participation of marine currents can help decrease daily storage while increasing seasonal storage by 16% compared to using only solar energy. On the other hand, hybridization enabled a reduction in the number of daily charge and discharge cycles at 0.2 hybridization degrees. It also allowed us to reduce the seasonal energy storage by 38% at 0.6 hybridization degrees with respect to only using energy from marine currents. Afterwards, energy-storage technologies were evaluated using the TOPSIS Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to validate the best-suited technology for the energy-storage system. The evaluation considered the characteristics of the technology and the periods of energy storage. In this work, hybrid storage systems were mandatory since, for daily storage, lithium-ion batteries are better suited, while for seasonal storage, hydrogen-producing systems are more suitable to manage the amount of energy and the storage duration due to the high seasonal renewable-energy variations.
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Reilly, Caroline E., Julia Larson, Alicia M. Amerson, Garrett J. Staines, Joseph H. Haxel, and Paul Morgan Pattison. "Minimizing Ecological Impacts of Marine Energy Lighting." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030354.
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Marine energy is poised to become an important renewable energy contributor for the U.S., but widespread deployment of the technology hinges on its benefits outweighing the potential ecological impacts. One stressor marine energy installations introduce is light, which is known to cause varying responses among wildlife and has not yet been addressed as an environmental concern. This review discusses requirements and regulations for similar structures and how lighting design choices can be made to meet these requirements while minimizing environmental consequences. More practical guidance on implementing lighting for marine energy is needed, as well as updated guidelines to reflect technological and research advances. Known responses of wildlife to light are introduced in addition to how the responses of individuals may lead to ecosystem-level changes. The impact of light associated with marine energy installations can be reduced by following basic guidance provided herein, such as removing excess lighting, using lights with high directionality, and employing controls to reduce light levels. Continued research on animal responses to light, such as findings on minimum light levels for animal responses, alongside the development of highly-sensitivity spectral characterization capabilities can further inform lighting guidelines for deploying future open ocean marine energy devices.
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Onea, Florin, and Eugen Rusu. "An Evaluation of Marine Renewable Energy Resources Complementarity in the Portuguese Nearshore." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121901.
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The Portuguese nearshore represents a suitable environment for the development of marine energy farms, with recent progress being related to the implementation of the first commercial wave farm or a large scale floating wind project. At the same time, there is also high solar power in this area that can be extracted; in the near future, the rapid development of floating solar projects all over the world is expected. In this context, the aim of the present work is to identify the complementarity between solar, wind and wave resources based on 10 years of ERA5 data (from 2012 to 2021). The results are provided mainly in terms of spatial maps. The analysis shows that solar and wind power are more significant in the southern part of this region, indicating for each resource an average value of 223 W/m2 for solar and 660 W/m2 for wind. On the other hand, the wave power gradually decreases from north to south, with an average value of 10 kW/m being expected at a distance of 50 km from the shoreline. In terms of complementarity, two scenarios were considered (mild and restrictive), the difference between them being estimated to be around 10%. Several dimensionless indices were defined in order to highlight the correlation between solar, wind and wave conditions, which may be considered as an element of novelty for the target area. In general, higher values (0.5) were noted in the case of the wind-wave and wave-solar combinations, excepting the southern part of Portugal (Algarve) where particular conditions were noted. Finally, the expected power outputs from some relevant technologies were also estimated, including a new concept of the wave energy generator designed for the WindFloat platform. Compared to the solar and wind systems, the performance of the selected wave generation system was quite low, suggesting that other types of wave energy converters would be more appropriate at this moment in the coastal area targeted. Finally, we need to mention that the idea of using multiple resources from a single marine site is an attractive one, while the methodology dedicated to this topic will continuously improve as new technological solutions emerge.
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Francisco, Francisco, and Jan Sundberg. "Detection of Visual Signatures of Marine Mammals and Fish within Marine Renewable Energy Farms using Multibeam Imaging Sonar." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020022.
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Techniques for marine monitoring have been greatly evolved over the past decades, making the acquisition of environmental data safer, more reliable and more efficient. On the other hand, the marine renewable energy sector has introduced dissimilar ways of exploring the oceans. Marine energy is mostly harvested in murky and high energetic places where conventional data acquisition techniques are impractical. This new frontier on marine operations brings the need for finding new techniques for environmental data acquisition, processing and analysis. Modern sonar systems, operating at high frequencies, can acquire detailed images of the underwater environment. Variables such as occurrence, size, class and behavior of a variety of aquatic species of fish, birds, and mammals that coexist within marine energy sites can be monitored using imaging sonar systems. Although sonar images can provide high levels of detail, in most of the cases they are still difficult to decipher. In order to facilitate the classification of targets using sonar images, this study introduces a framework of extracting visual features of marine animals that would serve as unique signatures. The acoustic visibility measure (AVM) is here introduced as technique of identification and classification of targets by comparing the observed size with a standard value. This information can be used to instruct algorithms and protocols in order to automate the identification and classification of underwater targets using imaging sonar systems. Using image processing algorithms embedded in Proviwer4 and FIJI software, this study found that acoustic images can be effectively used to classify cod, harbour and grey seals, and orcas through their size, shape and swimming behavior. The sonar images showed that cod occurred as bright, 0.9 m long, ellipsoidal targets shoaling in groups. Harbour seals occurred as bright torpedo-like fast moving targets, whereas grey seals occurred as bulky-ellipsoidal targets with serpentine movements. Orca or larger marine mammals occurred with relatively low visibility on the acoustic images compared to their body size, which measured between 4 m and 7 m. This framework provide a new window of performing qualitative and quantitative observations of underwater targets, and with further improvements, this method can be useful for environmental studies within marine renewable energy farms and for other purposes.
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Apolonia, Maria, Rhoda Fofack-Garcia, Donald R. Noble, Jonathan Hodges, and Francisco X. Correia da Fonseca. "Legal and Political Barriers and Enablers to the Deployment of Marine Renewable Energy." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 4896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164896.
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Ocean energy is a promising source of clean renewable energy, with clear development targets set by the European Commission. However, the ocean energy sector faces non-technological challenges and opportunities that are frequently overlooked in deployment plans. The present study aimed to provide a critical evaluation of the ocean energy sector’s legal, institutional, and political frameworks with an identification and analysis of both barriers and enabling features for the deployment of ocean energy. In the first stage, a literature review on the current political and regulatory frameworks of a set of European countries was carried out, setting the basis for the main challenges and enabling factors faced by the sector. Secondly, a critical analysis of the main non-technological barriers and enablers was performed, which was supported by questionnaires sent to regulators, technology developers, and test-site managers. This questionnaire allowed us to collect and integrate the views, perceptions, and personal experiences of the main stakeholders of the ocean energy sector in the analysis. The most relevant insights were collected to guide future policy instruments, supports, and consenting measures in a more informed and effective manner and to help accelerate the development of the sector.
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Young, Michaela. "Building the Blue Economy: The Role of Marine Spatial Planning in Facilitating Offshore Renewable Energy Development." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 30, no. 1 (February 17, 2015): 148–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341339.
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The oceans hold a stunning potential for meeting our ever-growing demand for energy in a sustainable manner by converting energy stored in the form of heat, waves, currents and tides. At present the offshore renewable energy industry remains in its infancy, but given the right conditions, it could grow into a significant contributor to the global energy mix. A number of inter-related barriers, such as resource and user conflicts, regulatory complexity, and a limited understanding of environmental impacts associated with offshore renewable energy technologies, as well as the general challenges surrounding ocean governance, hamper the development of the industry. Marine spatial planning is emerging around the world as a practical tool for promoting a more rational and wise use of the oceans. It could also play a significant role in promoting the speedy and environmentally sound deployment of offshore renewable energy by assisting in overcoming the various hurdles to the development of that sector of the blue economy.
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Roy, Anthony, François Auger, Florian Dupriez-Robin, Salvy Bourguet, and Quoc Tuan Tran. "Electrical Power Supply of Remote Maritime Areas: A Review of Hybrid Systems Based on Marine Renewable Energies." Energies 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071904.
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Ocean energy holds out great potential for supplying remote maritime areas with their energy requirements, where the grid size is often small and unconnected to a continental grid. Thanks to their high maturity and competitive price, solar and wind energies are currently the most used to provide electrical energy. However, their intermittency and variability limit the power supply reliability. To solve this drawback, storage systems and Diesel generators are often used. Otherwise, among all marine renewable energies, tidal and wave energies are reaching an interesting technical level of maturity. The better predictability of these sources makes them more reliable than other alternatives. Thus, combining different renewable energy sources would reduce the intermittency and variability of the total production and so diminish the storage and genset requirements. To foster marine energy integration and new multisource system development, an up-to-date review of projects already carried out in this field is proposed. This article first presents the main characteristics of the different sources which can provide electrical energy in remote maritime areas: solar, wind, tidal, and wave energies. Then, a review of multi-source systems based on marine energies is presented, concerning not only industrial projects but also concepts and research work. Finally, the main advantages and limits are discussed.
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Liu, Jie, Hai Bo Jiang, and Hang Guo. "Analysis about the Feasibility of Power Generation through Renewable Energy on Coral Reefs." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2625.
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This paper analyzed the feasibility of development and utilization of four kinds of renewable energy sources which are wind energy, wave energy and ocean current energy, solar energy and gave some specific recommendations about the use of wind power. The richness of four kinds of energy sources and some problems about the cost, reliability, installation, utilization and maintenance were systematically investigated. Studies have shown that on the coral reefs solar power generation has the more feasibility than wind power generation, and wave power generation and marine power generation have no feasibility within future ten years.
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Bethel, Brandon J., Yana Buravleva, and Decai Tang. "Blue Economy and Blue Activities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Recommendations for The Bahamas." Water 13, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13101399.
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Following the global shutdown of tourism at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, small island developing states such as The Bahamas had their economies immobilized due to their heavy dependence on the industry. Beyond economic recovery in a post COVID-19 paradigm, the blue economy, blue growth, and associated activities offer pathways for a more resilient economy and is well-suited for The Bahamas. This paper suggests conduits for economic development using a traditional strength, coastal and marine tourism, in conjunction with the emerging fields of ocean renewable energy, offshore aquaculture, marine biotechnology, and bioprospecting. The interlinkages between each activity are discussed. Knowledge gaps in offshore aquaculture, ocean renewable energy, marine biotechnology, and marine environment monitoring are identified. In each sector case, strategic and tactical decision-making can be achieved through the exploitation of ocean numerical modeling and observations, and consequently should be invested in and developed alongside the requisite computational resources. Blue growth is encouraged, but instances of blue injustice are also highlighted. Crucially, pursuing blue economy activities should be given top national priority for economic recovery and prosperity.
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Abbasi, Naved Ahmad, Ajay Kumar Kushaha, and Dr Shubham Shukla. "An Objective Analysis on the viability of underwater Turbines and their economic and environmental impacts." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42376.
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Abstract: The energy crisis and climate crisis are two topics that have been a source of discussion, controversies and interest for global superpowers like America, European Union and China. One of the solutions to solve both is by using renewable source of energy, tidal energy and kinetic hydropower in this instance. This research paper shows an objective analysis on the viability of underwater turbines, their economic benefits, direct or indirect impact on the marine life and environment, their necessity, replaceability over conventional non-renewable and renewable energy sources, and different complications around its small as well as large scale usage. Furthermore, a study is also done to determine the favourable environment in which underwater turbines can be used and the estimated output energy that can be generated using mathematical tools. Also, different alterations are discussed to increase the power density in order to make the technology more feasible. Keyword: underwater turbines, tidal energy, renewable energy
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Darmana, Tasdik, and Tony Koerniawan. "The Development of Energy Tourism Village in Indonesia: a Case Study in Nusa Penida." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 11001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912511001.
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The potential for renewable energy in Nusa Penida and the surrounding islands such as solar power plant, wind power plants, Biofuel power plant and Sea-Current power plant as a source of power plant for Bali Island can be integrated with another tourism potential as marine tourism, culinary tour, cultural and religious tourism. The combination of various types of tourism will be more complete if added to tourism knowledge of renewable energy in one location on the Island of Nusa Penida. Using a qualitative approach in the form of a case study and a survey on the island of Nusa Penida and doing interviews with the community and government officials in the Regency of Klungkung, Nusa Penida has the potential to be developed into an integrated tourism area renewable energy field in Indonesia.
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Buenau, Kate E., Lysel Garavelli, Lenaïg G. Hemery, and Gabriel García Medina. "A Review of Modeling Approaches for Understanding and Monitoring the Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010094.
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Understanding the environmental effects of marine energy (ME) devices is fundamental for their sustainable development and efficient regulation. However, measuring effects is difficult given the limited number of operational devices currently deployed. Numerical modeling is a powerful tool for estimating environmental effects and quantifying risks. It is most effective when informed by empirical data and coordinated with the development and implementation of monitoring protocols. We reviewed modeling techniques and information needs for six environmental stressor–receptor interactions related to ME: changes in oceanographic systems, underwater noise, electromagnetic fields (EMFs), changes in habitat, collision risk, and displacement of marine animals. This review considers the effects of tidal, wave, and ocean current energy converters. We summarized the availability and maturity of models for each stressor–receptor interaction and provide examples involving ME devices when available and analogous examples otherwise. Models for oceanographic systems and underwater noise were widely available and sometimes applied to ME, but need validation in real-world settings. Many methods are available for modeling habitat change and displacement of marine animals, but few examples related to ME exist. Models of collision risk and species response to EMFs are still in stages of theory development and need more observational data, particularly about species behavior near devices, to be effective. We conclude by synthesizing model status, commonalities between models, and overlapping monitoring needs that can be exploited to develop a coordinated and efficient set of protocols for predicting and monitoring the environmental effects of ME.
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Pamik, Murat, and Mustafa Nuran. "Increasing ship energy efficiency with diesel-electric propulsion system." World Journal of Environmental Research 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v10i2.5345.
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Today, the goal of reducing fossil fuel consumption and increasing the use of renewable energy is one of the most important issues in the maritime field. Regulations created by IMO in order to prevent environmental and air pollution in the maritime field have increased its effect day by day and made it necessary to move away from conventional systems and turn to alternative systems. Although studies in the area of using fully electric marine vehicles or using fully renewable energy systems are also ongoing, they are not preferred due to the high costs and lack of sustainability. While the use of Diesel Electric (DE) Propulsion System in marine vehicles is one of the alternatives in this field, it may be the most efficient choice with the improvements made on this system. The aim of this study is to examine the increase in ship energy efficiency using diesel-electric propulsion systems rather than the original ferry system.In the study, the historical development of the DE Propulsion System was investigated and other studies on the subject were examined. Detailed navigation data of a ferry using fossil fuels in the Gulf of Izmir were recorded, and a case study was carried out to examine the status of this ship's DE Propulsion System by using data such as engine load and fuel consumption. According to the results obtained, it has been revealed that using the DE Propulsion System can be much more efficient in terms of fuel consumption and emissions. It has been observed that the system provides benefits in terms of reliability and reduction of noise pollution. For future studies, it may be aimed to provide the ferry to be charged from the port and to increase the benefits of the system by using renewable energy. Keywords: Diesel-Electric, Energy Efficiency, Emission,ship
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Leijon, Jennifer, Johan Forslund, Karin Thomas, and Cecilia Boström. "Marine Current Energy Converters to Power a Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant." Energies 11, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 2880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112880.
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Some countries are facing issues on freshwater and electricity production, which can be addressed with the use of renewable energy powered desalination systems. In the following study, a reverse osmosis desalination plant powered by marine current energy converters is suggested. The marine current energy converters are designed at Uppsala University in Sweden, specifically for utilizing low water speeds (1–2 m/s). Estimations on freshwater production for such a system, in South Africa, facing the Indian Ocean was presented and discussed. It is concluded that the desalination plant cannot by itself supply freshwater for a population all the time, due to periods of too low water speeds (<1 m/s), but for 75% of the time. By using ten marine current energy converters, each with a nominal power rating of 7.5 kW, combined with a reverse osmosis desalination plant and water storage capacity of 2800 m3, it is possible to cover the basic freshwater demand of 5000 people. More studies on the hydrokinetic resource of the Western Indian Ocean, system cost, technology development, environmental and social aspects are necessary for more accurate results.
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Xu, Sheng, and Liang Liang. "Has Digital Finance Made Marine Energy Carbon Emission More Efficient in Coastal Areas of China?" Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031936.
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Energy is an essential material foundation for ensuring economic sustainability and national security. With the development of digitalization, the importance of digital finance in promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of the economy has emerged. The ocean is a national energy treasure house. In order to explore whether digital finance improves the carbon emission efficiency of marine energy, this paper selects panel data from 11 coastal areas from 2011 to 2019 in China and uses the panel fixed effect model, mediation, and moderation model to analyze the mechanism between them empirically. The results show that: (1) digital finance improves marine energy carbon emission efficiency, and the depth of use has the most obvious effect; (2) the incentive effect is heterogeneous due to different geographical locations, resource endowment degree, and digitalization degree; (3) the marine energy consumption structure plays a mediating effect, and marine industrial structure and technological innovation can enhance the impact of the digital finance on marine energy carbon emission efficiency. Therefore, optimizing the energy consumption structure and giving full play to the effect of digital finance in promoting the efficiency of marine energy carbon emission to help accelerate the low-carbon development of China’s economy and the realization of carbon emission reduction.
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Shi, Wei, Hyun Chul Park, Chin Wha Chung, and Young Chan Kim. "Marine Growth Effect on the Vibration Characteristics of Offshore Wind Turbine with Jacket Foundation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.691.
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Due to the energy crisis and greenhouse effect, wind energy is becoming one of the most attractive renewable energies during last three decades. Especially them offshore wind energy gets more attention because it could provide better wind condition with less turbulence and no visual impact and land limitation. Different foundation types could be used for offshore wind turbine. Jacket foundation is regarded as a suitable solution for the intermediate water depth ranging from 30 to 80 meters. On the submerged members of jacket, numerous type of marine fouling organism may be found. They may increase the diameter of the members, change the surface roughness and influence the hydrodynamic loads of structures. In this paper, the types and distribution of marine growth are presented. Effects of marine growth thickness, density and hydrodynamic coefficients on vibration characteristics of offshore wind turbine are discussed. The natural frequencies of the coupled system are compared.
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Moradi, Mehrdad, Narimene Chertouk, and Adrian Ilinca. "Modelling of a Wave Energy Converter Impact on Coastal Erosion, a Case Study for Palm Beach-Azur, Algeria." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 11, 2022): 16595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416595.
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Facing the exhaustion of fossil energy and in the context of sustainable development, strong incentives are pushing for the development of renewable energies. Nuclear energy and fossil fuels like petroleum, coal, and natural gas provide most of the energy produced today. As a result, greenhouse gases are released and climate change becomes irreversible. Furthermore, radioactive waste disposal causes severe radiation pollution in nuclear power. Alternatives such as marine energy are more sustainable and predictable. It has none of the detrimental effects of fossil and nuclear energies and is significant in terms of environmental sustainability by defending the coastline from erosion. Here, we study the Palm Beach-Azur region near Algiers on the Mediterranean Sea. The study aims to use wave energy converters (WEC) to generate clean energy and reduce coastline erosion. The results of this study show that in the presence of wave energy converters, the wave height decreased by 0.3 m, and sediment deposition increased by 0.8 m. Thus, sand deposit prediction demonstrates that the presence of WEC decreases marine erosion and contributes to an accumulation of sediments on the coast. Moreover, this confirms that WECs can serve a dual role of extracting marine energy by converting it into electrical energy and as a defence against marine erosion. Therefore, WECs justify their efficiency both in energy production and economic and environmental profitability due to coastal protection.
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Ustinov, Denis Anatolievich, and Ershat Rashitovich Shafhatov. "Assessment of Reliability Indicators of Combined Systems of Offshore Wind Turbines and Wave Energy Converters." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 9630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249630.
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Marine renewable sources can make a significant contribution to the development of electrical energy generation and can increase the power supply reliability of mineral complexes. The development of alternative energy sources is happening at a fast pace, and this is due to the improvement of technologies that allow for generating more energy and operating in more extreme conditions, with almost no negative effect on the environment. However, currently, renewable sources are not able to meet all the energy requirements of the platforms. Hence, a key point is to gradually introduce and develop new technologies. This article explores the advantages of combining power generation by wave converters and offshore wind turbines. It investigates the possibilities of improving the combined systems’ reliabilities through justification of their mutual topology and accounting for the shadow effect from the wave installations.
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Bao, Xianqiang, Xinghua Xu, Yan Zhang, Yiyong Xiong, and Chengya Shang. "Optimal Sizing of Battery Energy Storage System in a Shipboard Power System with considering Energy Management Optimization." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (July 12, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9032206.
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Due to the increasing concerns about the environmental and economic issues of traditional ships, all-electric ships with energy storage and renewable energy integration have become more and more appealing for the forthcoming future. In this paper, an optimal energy storage system (ESS) capacity determination method for a marine ferry ship is proposed; this ship has diesel generators and PV panels. ESSs sizing optimization and power system scheduling optimization are simultaneously conducted and it is converted to a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) model with special modeling techniques. The case study shows that the proposed method is flexible and effective, and the relationships between the ESSs size and the discharge rate, life cycle times, or initial investment cost are investigated.
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Krishnamoorthy, Murugaperumal, Satheeshkumar Packirisamy, Muqthiar Ali Shaik, Amaresh Karanam, Arulselvi Ramasamy, and Marlin Sagayaraj. "A Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of Renewable Energy-Based Marine Micro-Grid for Cruise Ship Applications: A Case Study Simulation." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.5.6.
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Abstract This article mainly deals with the design and developments of marine micro-grid for cruise ship applications. The incorporations of the solar PV array with existing fossil-fuel‐based generators and the replacement of an engine-based propulsion system into the electric propulsion system have shown enormous improvements in the technical performance and optimal operations of the system. The proposed hybrid marine micro-grid (HMMG) system design and development has created more influences on the system investment flows and environmental pollutant mitigation. Here, the hybrid micro-grid model has been developed with necessary multi-objective functions and operating constraints. The optimum techno-economic feasibility analysis has been carried out with an energy-balanced loss of load probability algorithm, which proved that the planned energy management system has a highly commendable and efficient configuration to achieve good system performance with viable economics for a sustainable energy society.
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Chynoweth, David P. "Renewable Biomethane From Land and Ocean Energy Crops and Organic Wastes." HortScience 40, no. 2 (April 2005): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.2.283.
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Production of methane via anaerobic digestion of energy crops and organic wastes would benefit society by providing a clean fuel from renewable feedstocks. This could replace fossil fuel-derived energy and reduce its environmental impacts, including global warming and acid rain. Although biomass energy is more costly than fossil fuel-derived energy, trends to limit carbon dioxide and other emissions through regulations, carbon taxes, and subsidies of biomass energy would make it cost competitive. Methane derived from anaerobic digestion is competitive in efficiencies and costs with other biomass energy forms including heat, synthesis gases, and ethanol. The objective of this paper is to review the results and conclusions of research on biomass energy conducted under the sponsorship of the gas industry with periodic co-funding from other agencies. The scope of this program was to determine the technical and economic feasibility of production of substitute natural gas (SNG) from marine and terrestrial biomass and organic wastes using anaerobic digestion as a conversion process. This work began in 1968 and continued until about 1990, ending as a result of low energy prices in the U.S. and reduced emphasis on renewable energy. For each of these feedstock categories, growth or collection (in the case of wastes), harvesting, conversion by anaerobic digestion, and systems and economic analysis were addressed. More recently the potential use of anaerobic digestion for stabilization and recovery of nutrients from solid wastes during space missions was studied with funding from NASA. The application of this process for that function as well as treatment of wastewater and waste gases generated during space missions is addressed.
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Johnston, DT, RW Furness, AMC Robbins, GA Tyler, J. McIlvenny, and EA Masden. "Tidal stream use by black guillemots Cepphus grylle in relation to a marine renewable energy development." Marine Ecology Progress Series 669 (July 8, 2021): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13724.
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Seabirds that forage within tidal streams may be vulnerable to collision or habitat change due to tidal stream turbines. The black guillemot Cepphus grylle is considered to be the seabird species most at risk from tidal stream turbines in UK waters. Using GPS tracking of adult breeding black guillemots, carried out on the island of Stroma, Caithness, in 2016 and 2017, we examined habitat use within the Inner Sound of the Pentland Firth in relation to the MeyGen tidal lease area (MTLA). We found foraging areas of black guillemots within the Inner Sound to be influenced by tidal velocity and seafloor depth. The velocities and depths which black guillemots selected while foraging within a 1 km boundary of the lease area significantly differed from those concurrently occurring within the MTLA (velocities: foraging = 0.79 m s-1, MTLA = 1.57 m s-1; depths: foraging = 24.55 m, MTLA = 32.09 m). This disparity between the used habitat and the conditions within the MTLA may indicate a reduced potential for interactions with turbines. The potential for collision with turbine blades is further reduced by black guillemots predominantly associating with mean tidal velocities slower than the 1 m s-1 cut-in speeds of the MeyGen turbines. However, as more turbines are constructed within the lease area (up to 398 turbines proposed), habitat and hydrodynamic conditions may be altered to become more suitable for foraging, so monitoring black guillemot foraging behaviour post-construction is strongly recommended.
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Liu, Hengxu, Feng Yan, Yeqing Jin, Weiqi Liu, Hailong Chen, and Fankai Kong. "Hydrodynamic and Energy Capture Properties of a Cylindrical Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Ocean Buoy." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 3076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073076.
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It is rather challenging to collect ocean wave energy at high efficiency because of its ultra-low frequencies and variable amplitudes. Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) technology is more suitable for harvesting low-frequency than electromagnetic power generation technology. In this work, we designed a built-in cylindrical Triboelectric Nanogenerator (C-TENG) installed inside the ocean buoy (BUOY-41). The hydrodynamic properties of the C-TENG are consistent with the ocean buoy, which are calculated by CFD software (Star-CCM+). The Energy Capture Properties of the C-TENG are established by the finite element software (COMSOL). The C-TENG has high power density (30 mW/m2) and can meet the power demand of the ocean buoy (10 mW). The implementation of the present work is of great academic value and practical significance for the development of efficient marine renewable energy conversion technology, enhancement of marine equipment energy replenishment, enrichment of hydrodynamic theories and revealing of the complex mechanisms.