Journal articles on the topic 'Marine renewabel energy installation'
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Mateescu, Razvan, Elena Vlasceanu, and Liliana Rusu. "Analysis-based results on the delineation of prearrangement areas for marine renewable energy installations in the Western Black Sea Basin." E3S Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3scconf/20185101009.
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The selection of optimum places for installations and suitable solutions for the use of marine renewable energy requires a complex approach as well as a longer period of time and a spatial scale hydrodynamic characterization, which time-limited and local studies are incapable to provide. To that end, the complex monitoring and modelling approach on the evolution of large-scale marine and coastal processes in response to both direct and indirect human intervention and to natural phenomena variability is an increasingly important issue in the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and MSP implementation, all over the world. The installation of wave/currents devices within coastal and marine areas involves the knowledge of the physical, economic and social impact of the continuous modification of the marine hydrodynamics, due to the new changes induced in the marine climate. The present work adequately takes into account the combined results of Marine Spatial Planning Directive applications within Western Black Sea Basin (WBSB). The MSP approach allows the selection of efficient areas for the installation of marine waves and currents devices converters (WECs), in relation with the potential environmental impact of adjacent MPAs, taking into account the induced strong variability of renewable devices/convertors on the coastal processes. Recommended areas for the installation of the above-mentioned devices within highly energetic areas asked for a proper response in order to develop a detailed delineation targeting a sustainable coastal protection.
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Mateescu, Razvan, Elena Vlasceanu, and Liliana Rusu. "Analysis-based results on the delineation of prearrangement areas for marine renewable energy installations in the Western Black Sea Basin." E3S Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185101009.
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The selection of optimum places for installations and suitable solutions for the use of marine renewable energy requires a complex approach as well as a longer period of time and a spatial scale hydrodynamic characterization, which time-limited and local studies are incapable to provide. To that end, the complex monitoring and modelling approach on the evolution of large-scale marine and coastal processes in response to both direct and indirect human intervention and to natural phenomena variability is an increasingly important issue in the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and MSP implementation, all over the world. The installation of wave/currents devices within coastal and marine areas involves the knowledge of the physical, economic and social impact of the continuous modification of the marine hydrodynamics, due to the new changes induced in the marine climate. The present work adequately takes into account the combined results of Marine Spatial Planning Directive applications within Western Black Sea Basin (WBSB). The MSP approach allows the selection of efficient areas for the installation of marine waves and currents devices converters (WECs), in relation with the potential environmental impact of adjacent MPAs, taking into account the induced strong variability of renewable devices/convertors on the coastal processes. Recommended areas for the installation of the above-mentioned devices within highly energetic areas asked for a proper response in order to develop a detailed delineation targeting a sustainable coastal protection.
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Sheehan, Emma V., Sarah C. Gall, Sophie L. Cousens, and Martin J. Attrill. "Epibenthic Assessment of a Renewable Tidal Energy Site." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/906180.
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Concern over global climate change as a result of fossil fuel use has resulted in energy production from renewable sources. Marine renewable energy devices provide clean electricity but can also cause physical disturbance to the local environment. There is a considerable paucity of ecological data at potential marine renewable energy sites that is needed to assess potential future impacts and allow optimal siting of devices. Here, we provide a baseline benthic survey for the Big Russel in Guernsey, UK, a potential site for tidal energy development. To assess the suitability of proposed sites for marine renewable energy in the Big Russel and to identify potential control sites, we compared species assemblages and habitat types. This baseline survey can be used to select control habitats to compare and monitor the benthic communities after installation of the device and contribute towards the optimal siting of any future installation.
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Astariz, Sharay, and Gregorio Iglesias. "ENHANCING MARINE ENERGY COMPETITIVENESS: CO-LOCATED OFFSHORE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY FARMS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.waves.4.
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If marine energy is to become a viable alternative to fossil fuels, its competitiveness must be enhanced. In this sense, combining various renewables in the same marine space is emerging as a solution. Among the different options, this paper focuses on combined wind and wave energy farms. First, the different synergies between both renewable are analysed, such as the more sustainable use of the marine resource or the opportunity to reduce costs of both technologies by sharing some of the most important costs of an offshore project. Second, this paper focuses on two technology synergies: the reduction of the inherent intermittency of renewables; and the so-called shadow effect which implies the reduction of the wave height in the inner part of the wind farm. Both effects may suppose an important reduction in the operation and maintenance cost by reducing the balancing cost when connecting the installation to the grid and increasing weather windows to access the wind turbines. However, the benefits of this combination will depend on the site characteristics and the array layout. On this basis, the power smoothing and shadow effect in co-located farms are analysed through different case studies considering real sea conditions, wind farms currently in operation and a high resolution numerical model (SWAN). Finally, conclusions about the economic benefits of co-located farms are drawn by recalculating the levelised cost of energy when both renewable are combined.
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Peplinski, William J., Jesse Roberts, Geoff Klise, Sharon Kramer, Zach Barr, Anna West, and Craig Jones. "Marine Energy Environmental Permitting and Compliance Costs." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 4719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164719.
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Costs to permit Marine Energy projects are poorly understood. In this paper we examine environmental compliance and permitting costs for 19 projects in the U.S., covering the last 2 decades. Guided discussions were conducted with developers over a 3-year period to obtain historical and ongoing project cost data relative to environmental studies (e.g., baseline or pre-project site characterization as well as post-installation effects monitoring), stakeholder outreach, and mitigation, as well as qualitative experience of the permitting process. Data are organized in categories of technology type, permitted capacity, pre- and post-installation, geographic location, and funding types. We also compare our findings with earlier logic models created for the Department of Energy (i.e., Reference Models). Environmental studies most commonly performed were for Fish and Fisheries, Noise, Marine Habitat/Benthic Studies and Marine Mammals. Studies for tidal projects were more expensive than those performed for wave projects and the range of reported project costs tended to be wider than ranges predicted by logic models. For eight projects reporting full project costs, from project start to FERC or USACE permit, the average amount for environmental permitting compliance was 14.6%.
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Soria-Rodríguez, Carlos. "Marine Renewable Energies and the European Regional Seas Conventions." Climate Law 6, no. 3-4 (October 11, 2016): 314–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00603007.
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Marine renewable energies (mres) have become a priority in the eu due to their potential contribution to mitigating climate change and providing competitive, affordable, and secure energy (among other benefits). However, the installation, maintenance, operation, and decommissioning of mres, in addition to the energy transmission to the grid and the development of the related industry, could compromise the protection of the marine environment. The Regional Seas Conventions (rscs) are some of the relevant legal instruments for the protection of the marine environment at the European regional level. This article analyses the applicability of the rscs to mres and argues that these instruments offer only generic protection against the environmental effects associated with the deployment of these sources of energy. However, the interaction between the rscs and relevant eu secondary law instruments applicable to mres can strengthen the environmental protection against the environmental effects of mres in the eu’s maritime spaces. 1
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Fenu, Beatrice, Valentino Attanasio, Pietro Casalone, Riccardo Novo, Giulia Cervelli, Mauro Bonfanti, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Giovanni Bracco, and Giuliana Mattiazzo. "Analysis of a Gyroscopic-Stabilized Floating Offshore Hybrid Wind-Wave Platform." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060439.
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The energy innovation scenario sees hybrid wind-wave platforms as a promising technology for reducing the variability of the power output and for the minimization of the cost of offshore marine renewable installations. This article presents a model that describes the installation of a 5 MW wind turbine on a floating platform designed by Fincantieri and equipped with gyroscopic stabilization. The use of gyros allows for the delivery of platform stabilization by damping the wave and wind induced motion on the floater and at the same time producing extra power. Shetland Island was chosen as the reference site because of its particularly harsh weather. Final results show that the total production of power in moderate and medium climate conditions is considerable thanks to the installation of the gyro, together with a significant stabilization of the platform in terms of pitching angle and nacelle acceleration.
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VASILESCU, Valeriu-Florian, and Dumitru DINU. "INSTALLATION OF SUBMARINE CABLES IN THE OFFSHORE WIND INDUSTRY AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT." Journal of marine Technology and Environment 1, no. 2021 (2021): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53464/jmte.01.2021.07.
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"This article presents the main methods of installing submarine cables used in the offshore wind industry and the impact they have on the marine environment. From this article, the reader will be able to understand the basic principles that are taken into account from the design phase of a submarine cable, principles that seek to streamline their installation, operation and maintenance and their impact on the marine environment. Given the scale of the development of the wind industry, especially offshore, the length of submarine cables that provide energy transport from the wind farm to shore consumers is also constantly growing. The construction and operation of offshore wind energy systems has been and continues to be regarded with scepticism by environmental activists. Despite the undeniable benefits of this renewable energy source, the impact on the marine environment must also be taken into consideration. We studied the most efficient methods of installing submarine cables in the offshore wind industry – study which also includes analysing the behaviour of submarine cables and analysing ships’ movement during cable transport and installation. This article is only part of a major research on the installation of submarine cables in the offshore wind industry. In terms of the frequency and relatively short duration of submarine cable installation operations, on a small strip of up to 8m, the disturbances and impact caused by these operations are considered minor and are preferred compared to bottom trawling operations and dredging, which are repetitive and more extensive. A single impact, such as cable burial operations, is preferred to continuous, multiple or recurrent impacts. [1] "
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Copping, Andrea E., Mikaela C. Freeman, Alicia M. Gorton, and Lenaïg G. Hemery. "Risk Retirement—Decreasing Uncertainty and Informing Consenting Processes for Marine Renewable Energy Development." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8030172.
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Marine renewable energy (MRE) is under development in many coastal nations, adding to the portfolio of low carbon energy sources that power national electricity grids as well as off-grid uses in isolated areas and at sea. Progress in establishing the MRE industry, largely wave and tidal energy, has been slowed in part due to uncertainty about environmental risks of these devices, including harm to marine animals and habitats, and the associated concerns of regulators and stakeholders. A process for risk retirement was developed to organize and apply knowledge in a strategic manner that considered whether specific environmental effects are likely to cause harm. The risk retirement process was tested against two key MRE stressors: effects of underwater noise from operational MRE devices on marine animals, and effects of electromagnetic fields from MRE electrical export cables on marine animals. The effects of installation of MRE devices were not accounted for in this analysis. Applying the risk retirement process could decrease the need for costly investigations of each potential effect at every new MRE project site and help move the industry beyond current barriers.
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Chitteth Ramachandran, Rahul, Cian Desmond, Frances Judge, Jorrit-Jan Serraris, and Jimmy Murphy. "Floating wind turbines: marine operations challenges and opportunities." Wind Energy Science 7, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 903–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-903-2022.
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Abstract. The global floating offshore wind energy industry is rapidly maturing, with several technologies having been installed at pilot and demonstration scales. As the industry progresses to full array-scale deployments, the optimization of marine activities related to installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning presents a significant opportunity for cost reduction. This paper reviews the various marine operations challenges towards the commercialization of floating wind in the context of spar-type, semi-submersible and tension leg platform (TLP) technologies. Knowledge gaps and research trends are identified along with a review of innovations at various stages of development, which are intended to widen weather windows, reduce installation costs, and improve the health and safety of floating-wind-related marine operations.
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Liu, Jie, Hai Bo Jiang, and Hang Guo. "Analysis about the Feasibility of Power Generation through Renewable Energy on Coral Reefs." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2625.
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This paper analyzed the feasibility of development and utilization of four kinds of renewable energy sources which are wind energy, wave energy and ocean current energy, solar energy and gave some specific recommendations about the use of wind power. The richness of four kinds of energy sources and some problems about the cost, reliability, installation, utilization and maintenance were systematically investigated. Studies have shown that on the coral reefs solar power generation has the more feasibility than wind power generation, and wave power generation and marine power generation have no feasibility within future ten years.
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Segura, Eva, Rafael Morales, and José A. Somolinos. "Influence of Automated Maneuvers on the Economic Feasibility of Tidal Energy Farms." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 5965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215965.
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The vertiginous increase in the global demand for energy, together with the imbalance between the period during when fossil resources were formed and the rhythm of their consumption, makes it necessary to promote renewable energies in order for energy consumption to coexist with sustainable development. One of the most important challenges as regards renewable energy generation is to be able to move to a new low carbon economy in which energy demands can be met while the levels of CO 2 emitted are reduced. In this respect, most of the energy obtained from marine currents, the most predictable renewable energy source, is located at great depths. In order to take advantage of this energy, different types of technologies are currently being developed whose economic viability necessitates a reduction in costs. The development of automated systems that will allow the orientation and depth of tidal energy converters to change automatically in order to reduce maintenance maneuvers and take advantage of the energy resource in an optimal manner is, therefore, essential. This paper analyzes the economic feasibility of the automation of installation and maintenance maneuvers on tidal energy farms by means of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and costs. These aspects have been analyzed in the case of the Alderney Race (United Kingdom). The results obtained show that the use of marine current harnessing devices with automated maneuvers has a relatively important economic advantage over those devices designed with the technology that requires manual maneuvers for the installation and operation procedures, thus enabling the cost of energy to be reduced and increasing the profitability of the project.
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Fraser, Shaun, Benjamin J. Williamson, Vladimir Nikora, and Beth E. Scott. "Fish distributions in a tidal channel indicate the behavioural impact of a marine renewable energy installation." Energy Reports 4 (November 2018): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2018.01.008.
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Vasilescu, Valeriu-Florian, and Dumitru Dinu. "Installation of submarine cables and pipes in shallow waters and connecting them to the shore by the method of horizontal directional drilling." E3S Web of Conferences 286 (2021): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128604007.
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This article presents the horizontal directional drilling (HDD) as one of the most suitable technique used to reduce the impact on the environment during the submarine pipe and cable installation process, especially in the coastal area and shallow waters. HDD is a technique used to drill a subsea tunnel or under other designated area with the goal to pull a pipe or other facility through the drilled underground tunnel. With the development of the offshore natural gas and wind industry, the demand for the construction of transfer pipeline and cables has also increased. The installation of submarine pipelines and cables can have negative effects on the marine environment. This is one of the main reasons that construction and operation of offshore wind energy systems has been and continues to be regarded with scepticism by environmental activists, despite the undeniable benefits of this renewable energy source. The main objectives of this article are to emphasize the importance of using this technique but also to highlight the benefits, in particular by significantly reducing the impact on the marine environment.
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Lima da Silva, Catarina Luiza Damasceno, Pedro Henrique Castello Branco Dágola, Marcos Antônio Cruz Moreira, and Luís Felipe Umbelino dos Santos. "Environmental impacts on marine energy: collision risks for marine animals and priority species for monitoring in Brazil." Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada 22, no. 2 (June 2022): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5894/rgci-n496.
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ABSTRACT Brazil has great potential for the development of technologies for the conversion of marine energy from waves and tides, which raises the discussion about the possible environmental impacts of these projects. This article seeks to synthesize knowledge about the risks of collision of marine animals, such as mammals, fish and birds, with marine renewable energy (MRE) devices, as well as to identify priority species for environmental monitoring along the Brazilian coast. The risk of marine mammals colliding with MRE devices is influenced by regional and behavioral factors. The risk of collision in a fish community is influenced by the avoidance behavior, the distribution of fish in the MRE sites and the stages of the enterprise (installation, operation and maintenance). Seabird collision risk is influenced by species behavior (geographical distribution, seasonal habitat use, diving time and depth) and the location of MRE structures (surface and/or water column). The survey of priority species for monitoring the risk of collision with MRE devices in Brazil consisted of 5 species of marine mammals, 13 taxa of seabirds, 5 species of endangered sea turtles and 18 species or groups of species of fish of economic importance to the country. The research review did not record the occurrence of collisions with marine animals. However, this does not mean that they did not occur, but that they may not have been observed due to monitoring challenges. The study concluded that research on the interaction of marine animals with MRE devices should be encouraged, even in prototypes and non-commercial projects, in order to reduce knowledge gaps and support the development of MRE in an environmentally sound manner. Keywords: Marine renewable energy, Collision risk, Species, Marine animals.
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Fraser, Shaun, Vladimir Nikora, Benjamin J. Williamson, and Beth E. Scott. "Hydrodynamic Impacts of a Marine Renewable Energy Installation on the Benthic Boundary Layer in a Tidal Channel." Energy Procedia 125 (September 2017): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.169.
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Staines, Garrett, Gayle Barbin Zydlewski, Haley A. Viehman, and Rachel Kocik. "Applying Two Active Acoustic Technologies to Document Presence of Large Marine Animal Targets at a Marine Renewable Energy Site." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090704.
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Coastal regions are highly used by humans. The growing marine renewable energy (MRE) industry will add to existing anthropogenic pressures in these regions. Regulatory bodies require animal risk assessment before new industrial activities can progress, and MRE is no exception. Preliminary data of marine mammal use of an MRE device deployment location could be informative to permitting. A combination of downlooking hydroacoustics using an echosounder and acoustic camera (imaging sonar) was used to provide a number of large targets (proxy for large fish and marine mammals) in an area of interest for MRE tidal turbine deployment in Western Passage, Maine, USA. Data were collected in May, June, August, and September of 2010 and 2011. Of the nine large targets confirmed to be animals, eight were porpoises and one was a shark. Few large targets were observed in May and June, with the majority (90%) being present in August and September of both years. The most large targets were observed when tidal current speed was less than 1 m·s−1. These data provide a preliminary assessment of large targets in a single location over sixteen 24-h surveys. The aforementioned methodology could be used for future pre- and post-installation assessments at MRE device deployment locations. Their use in concert with visual and passive acoustic monitoring can provide water depth usage by marine mammals, which is a metric that is difficult to assess with passive acoustic and visual techniques.
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Zhou, Donghai, and Xiaojing Sun. "Influences of Geometrical Parameters of Upstream Deflector on Performance of a H-Type Vertical Axis Marine Current Turbine." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 4087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144087.
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Marine current power is a kind of renewable energy that has attracted increasing attention because of its abundant reserves, high predictability, and consistency. A marine current turbine is a large rotating device that converts the kinetic energy of the marine current into mechanical energy. As a straight-bladed vertical axis marine current turbine (VAMCT) has a square or rectangular cross-section, it can thus have a larger swept area than that of horizontal axis marine current turbines (HAMCT) for a given diameter, and also have good adaptability in shallow water where the turbine size is limited by both width and depth of a channel. However, the low energy utilization efficiency of the VAMCT is the main bottleneck that restricts its application. In this paper, two-dimensional numerical simulations were performed to investigate the effectiveness of an upstream deflector on improving performance of the straight-bladed (H-type) marine current turbine. The effects of various key geometrical parameters of the deflector including position, length, and installation angle on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the VAMCT were then systematically analyzed in order to explore the mechanism underlying the interaction between the deflector and rotor of a VAMCT. As a result, the optimal combination of geometrical parameters of the deflector by which the maximum energy utilization efficiency was achieved was a 13.37% increment compared to that of the original VAMCT. The results of this work show the feasibility of the deflector as a potential choice for improving the energy harvesting performance of a VAMCT with simple structure and easy implementation.
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Gonzalez, Silvana, John K. Horne, and Eric Ward. "Does temporal variability limit standardized biological monitoring at wave and tidal energy sites?" International Marine Energy Journal 2, no. 1 (Nov) (October 2, 2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.2.15-28.
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Commercial viability of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) is progressing but no national or international monitoring standards have been established for wave or tidal energy sites. Standardized monitoring within and across MRE sectors is necessary to expedite project permitting/consenting, detect environmental impacts, and enable comparison among sites and technologies. Acoustic backscatter from a bottom-deployed platform at a pilot wave energy site off Newport, Oregon was compared to data collected at a tidal turbine site in Admiralty Inlet, Washington. Metrics that describe fish and macrozooplankton densities and vertical distributions derived from acoustic backscattered energy were compared using wavelets and Autoregressive Moving Average models (ARMA). Average density and vertical distribution values significantly differed between sites. Metrics of density and location in the water column displayed diel (24 h) and tidal (12 h) cycles. Dispersion of animals in the water column varied at 64- and 128-h periods at both sites. Applicability of methods in both sectors suggests that a standard approach to biological monitoring is possible. Stationary acoustics and analytic methods presented here can be used to characterize pre-installation conditions and refine post-installation monitoring to site-specific characteristics to ensure cost-effective detection of impacts associated with MRE development.
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Lacasa, Esteban, López-Gutiérrez, Negro, and Zang. "Feasibility Study of the Installation of Wave Energy Converters in Existing Breakwaters in the North of Spain." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (December 1, 2019): 5225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235225.
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In a context of growing global awareness of environmental sustainability, given the risks associated with global warming and climate change, the transition from environmental models to highly intensive fossil fuel production towards new clean energy systems marks the future of global public agendas. In this scenario, a feasibility study of the installation of wave energy converters, such as the Sea Slot-Cone Generator (SSG) and the Oscillating Water Column (OWC), was carried out in existing breakwaters in the North of Spain, choosing Punta Langosteira (Outer Port of A Coruña), Dique Torres and Dique Norte (Port el Musel, Gijón) and Punta Lucero (Port of Bilbao). It was aimed at capturing the great energy potential of the Atlantic Ocean, as an innovative solution linked to the development of renewable energy sources of marine origin. The selection of the most optimal and efficient alternative will depend on different aspects: the quantitative availability of the wave energy resource at the study points, the production of energy obtained by the device and the capacity factor, the capacity of the wave energy facility to supply the energy consumption in every port to boost the image of “Green Port”, the constructive viability so that the condition of having the construction works only during one year and an economic estimation of each alternative.
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Staines, Garrett, Gayle Zydlewski, and Haley Viehman. "Changes in Relative Fish Density Around a Deployed Tidal Turbine during on-Water Activities." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 6262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226262.
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Global interest in mitigating climate change effects is a driver for the development of renewable energy sources. In-stream tidal power, a type of marine hydrokinetic (MHK) energy uses tidal currents to generate electricity and is one example of developing a renewable energy industry. Effects and impacts on fishes in areas of tidal power development are a consideration, and presently there are many unanswered questions in this field of research. Knowledge of how fish use these areas before and after device installation is essential to informing regulators for decision-making. We attempted a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) study design to compare an index of fish density near and away from an MHK tidal energy device deployed in Cobscook Bay, Maine. The index was mean volume backscattering strength (Sv) obtained from 24-hour stationary, down-looking hydroacoustic surveys. Data were collected several times per year at an “impact” site within 50–75 m of a device and at a “control” site approximately 1.6 km away, both before and after turbine installation in August 2012. Fish density was lowest in March surveys and highest in May surveys at both sites. One of four comparisons (August 2011/before vs. 2012/after) indicated an interaction of fish density with turbine installation. Operational status of the installed turbine and on-water activity disturbances (e.g., industry vessel and diving activities) varied at the impact site and possibly influenced results. Lower fish densities were observed during installation and maintenance periods than during normal device operation. The effects of construction activities must be separated from the effects of a deployed device to effectively implement a statistically rigorous assessment that could separate the effects of these different activities. This parsimonious approach and results were used for permit licensing by federal and state regulatory bodies at this site and others and can be used to consider regulatory adjustments during different phases of device operation and maintenance.
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Zannis, Theodoros C., John S. Katsanis, Georgios P. Christopoulos, Elias A. Yfantis, Roussos G. Papagiannakis, Efthimios G. Pariotis, Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos, Constantine D. Rakopoulos, and Athanasios G. Vallis. "Marine Exhaust Gas Treatment Systems for Compliance with the IMO 2020 Global Sulfur Cap and Tier III NOx Limits: A Review." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 3638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103638.
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In the present work, the contemporary exhaust gas treatment systems (EGTS) used for SOx, PM, and NOx emission mitigation from shipping are reviewed. Specifically, after-treatment technologies such as wet scrubbers with seawater and freshwater solution with NaOH, hybrid wet scrubbers, wet scrubbers integrated in exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) installations, dry scrubbers, inert gas wet scrubbers and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are analyzed. The operational principles and the construction specifications, the performance characteristics and the investment and operation of the reviewed shipping EGTS are thoroughly elaborated. The SCR technology is comparatively evaluated with alternative techniques such as LNG, internal engine modifications (IEM), direct water injection (DWI) and humid air motor (HAM) to assess the individual NOx emission reduction potential of each technology. Detailed real data for the time several cargo vessels spent in shipyards for seawater scrubber installation, and actual data for the purchase cost and the installation cost of seawater scrubbers in shipyards are demonstrated. From the examination of the constructional, operational, environmental and economic parameters of the examined EGTS, it can be concluded that the most effective SOx emission abatement system is the closed-loop wet scrubbers with NaOH solution which can practically eliminate ship SOx emissions, whereas the most effective NOx emission mitigation system is the SCR which cannot only offer compliance of a vessel with the IMO Tier III limits but can also practically eliminate ship NOx emissions.
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Bañuelos-García, Francisco, Michael Ring, Edgar Mendoza, and Rodolfo Silva. "A Design Procedure for Anchors of Floating Ocean Current Turbines on Weak Rock." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 7347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217347.
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In recent years, ocean current turbines have proven to be a reliable device for renewable energy generation. A crucial element of these turbines are the foundations, since they limit the displacement of the turbine, which is key in achieving efficiency in energy conversion, and can account for up to 26% of the total cost of the project. Most design procedures for foundations focus on sandy and clayey soils, but rock soils often predominate in tropical locations where marine currents are suitable for the installation of this type of turbine. This paper presents a design procedure for steel pile anchors (PAs) and concrete dead weight anchors (DWAs) on weak rock soils, using the assumptions of current technical documents and design codes commonly used in the industry for marine structures. Using specific designs for PA and DWA anchors, the procedure was theoretically assessed for a site off Cozumel Island, Mexico. The results show that the dimensions needed for DWAs are substantially larger than those for PAs. Therefore, whenever drilling is economically and operatively possible, piles would be preferable for the foundations of current turbine systems.
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Batsis, Georgios, Panagiotis Partsinevelos, and Georgios Stavrakakis. "A Deep Learning and GIS Approach for the Optimal Positioning of Wave Energy Converters." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2021): 6773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206773.
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Renewable Energy Sources provide a viable solution to the problem of ever-increasing climate change. For this reason, several countries focus on electricity production using alternative sources. In this paper, the optimal positioning of the installation of wave energy converters is examined taking into account geospatial and technical limitations. Geospatial constraints depend on Land Use classes and seagrass of the coastal areas, while technical limitations include meteorological conditions and the morphology of the seabed. Suitable installation areas are selected after the exclusion of points that do not meet the aforementioned restrictions. We implemented a Deep Neural Network that operates based on heterogeneous data fusion, in this case satellite images and time series of meteorological data. This fact implies the definition of a two-branches architecture. The branch that is trained with image data provides for the localization of dynamic geospatial classes in the potential installation area, whereas the second one is responsible for the classification of the region according to the potential wave energy using wave height and period time series. In making the final decision on the suitability of the potential area, a large number of static land use data play an important role. These data are combined with neural network predictions for the optimizing positioning of the Wave Energy Converters. For the sake of completeness and flexibility, a Multi-Task Neural Network is developed. This model, in addition to predicting the suitability of an area depending on seagrass patterns and wave energy, also predicts land use classes through Multi-Label classification process. The proposed methodology is applied in the marine area of the city of Sines, Portugal. The first neural network achieves 98.7% Binary Classification accuracy, while the Multi-Task Neural Network 97.5% in the same metric and 93.5% in the F1 score of the Multi-Label classification output.
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Lai, Ying, Bin Zhu, Chuan Chen, and Yun-han Huang. "Dynamic Installation Behaviors of A New Hybrid Plate Anchor in Layered Marine Clay." China Ocean Engineering 35, no. 5 (November 2021): 736–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13344-021-0065-5.
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Nugraha, I. Made Aditya, Febi Luthfiani, Grangsang Sotyaramadhani, Aris Widagdo, and I. Gusti Made Ngurah Desnanjaya. "Technical-economical assessment of solar PV systems on small-scale fishing vessels." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i2.pp1150-1157.
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The source of lighting in ships can be sourced from electrical energy generated by using generators or now can utilize new renewable energy, such as solar energy using PV. Based on the existing potential, Indonesia has good solar energy potential. The measurement results show that the potential for solar energy reaches 6.37 kWh/m2/day. This potential can certainly be utilized in the marine and fisheries world. The utilization of PV as a source of electrical energy on fishing boats is expected to help support government policies in terms of the blue economy and overcome the limited number of fossil energy sources. In this study, the installation of PV with a size of 100 WP was installed on fishing boats. The need for electrical energy for PV energy output shows that it can meet 50.52% of electrical energy needs. This result is supported by the Wilcoxon test that electrical energy needs can be met by PV with a p < 0.005. The results of the economic analysis also show that the use of solar energy as a source of electrical energy provides an IRR of 9%, with a payback period of 8.87 years.
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Mercatelli, Luca, David Jafrancesco, Franco Francini, Daniela Fontani, Elisa Sani, Stefano Coraggia, Marco Meucci, and Paola Sansoni. "Implementation and Test of a LED-Based Lamp for a Lighthouse." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/574270.
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A novel sustainable source was developed for an existing Italian lighthouse, exploiting the light emitting diode (LED) technology and the norms evolution. The research work started with the optical design of the device, while this work concerns the realization, installation, and test of the new LED lamp. The lamp recombines multiple separated LEDs, realizing a quasipunctual localized source. After installation in the lighthouse, specific photometric tests verified that the proposed power-saving source satisfied the illumination requirements of the marine signaling norms. The advantages of the LED-based lamp are reduced energy consumption, enhanced efficiency, longer life, decreased faults, slower aging, and lower maintenance costs. The obtained LED signalling device is more durable and reliable. In the future the application of these power-saving long-life sources could be extended to other maritime signaling devices or to other traffic signs.
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Munín-Doce, Alicia, Laura Castro-Santos, Luis Carral, Juan José Cartelle-Barros, Carolina Camba-Fabal, and Javier Tarrío-Saavedra. "Installing green artificial reefs: a sustainable challenge." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 19 (September 2021): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj19.346.
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Green Artificial Reefs (GARs) are marine structures to exploit sea resources in a sustainable way (produce food resources, improve the tourism, etc.). They should be installed on the seabed, process that is not usually easy. Therefore, their installation process should be clearly defined. The aim of this paper is to propose several methods for installing a group of green artificial reefs designed in the PROARR research project. Two of these methodologies are conventional: a bulkcarrier and a special service workboat. The other technique is innovative: an autonomous vehicle. All of them offer different results in terms of maneuverability, positioning, precision and cost. This study will compare these four methods of installing green artificial reefs to improve the knowledge about this type of sustainable way of exploiting the marine resources.
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Eme, L. C., J. A. Ulasi, A. I. Alade Tunde, and A. C. Odunze. "Hydrokinetic turbines for power generation in Nigerian river basins." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.001.
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Abstract This work presents a design for Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy (HRE), for off grid power generation for remote riverine regions in developing nations. The uniqueness of this technique for power generation using streams and other marine currents to generate electric energy is detailed. The problem of the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, rapid increase in human population, industries, modernization and our lifestyle put immense pressure on most power generation plants and infrastructures. Thus, global warming and carbon footprints of using fossil fuels to generate energy has driven the interest for energy generation from renewable sources. The Upper River Benue and Lower River Niger coastal basins, as well as the River Niger Basin on the Lower Niger sub-basin area of southeastern Nigeria was selected as a case study for the design of the hydrokinetic power generation technology. The results show that for a hydrokinetic turbine the level of power output is directly proportional to the flow velocity. Therefore the cost of its installation is reduced drastically from about $7,900 per installed kW to about $2,500 per kW, is easily assessable, less technical and a familiar motor technology for most of these communities. It is also a predictable form of energy in comparison to other emerging renewable energy fields like wind, solar and wave. Also this form of renewable energy is less harmful to the environment, has a lower noise emission and produces no greenhouse gases or any solid waste. HRE will bring energy security that is essential for the riverine dweller and curb rural urban migration and both improves the rural communities' standard of living and enhances their productivity.
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Mukhtasor, Sony Junianto, and Rudi Walujo Prastianto. "On Offshore Engineering Rules for Designing Floating Structure of Tidal Current Energy Conversion System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 874 (January 2018): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.874.71.
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Offshore engineering rules have been important part in supporting industrial development of tidal current energy conversion (TCEC) systems. The rules have been considered as guidelines for design of fixed type of TCEC systems, particularly those provided by European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC). However, for floating type of TCEC system, this is not the case. In fact, floating systems have a potential application for particular area of interests, for example in the area with strong currents at the seawater surface or in that with minimal infrastructure for installation support. In future, floating TCEC systems might be installed at the offshore area, even though the current application is commonly at the nearshore. Therefore, it may be beneficial to adopt relevant aspects of the offshore engineering rules for the floating structure design to support TCEC systems. This paper identifies elemental rules which may be suitable for application in the design of this type of floating structure. It includes choice of configurations, dynamic response analysis, material selection, mooring-water depth analyses and removal. This work is an important part of the whole big effort in supporting the development of ocean renewable energy industries.
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Safari, Muhammad Aslam Mohd, Nurulkamal Masseran, Alias Jedi, Sohif Mat, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Azman Bin Abdul Rahim, and Azami Zaharim. "Rural Public Acceptance of Wind and Solar Energy: A Case Study from Mersing, Malaysia." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 3855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153855.
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The sustainable development of the energy sector through the implementation of renewable energy (RE) technology has been a primary concern for the government of Malaysia since the 1990s. Developing RE technology in rural areas is also one of the most important energy strategies. One of the most important requirements for the successful adoption of renewable energy technology is the public acceptance of this technology. This article examines the public acceptance of RE (wind and solar) technologies among rural residents in Mersing, Malaysia. This study is conducted in conjunction with the development of the hybrid wind–solar RE generation system for the Marine Ecosystem Research Centre (EKOMAR), which located in Mersing. To investigate the public acceptance of RE technologies, two surveys were conducted, before and after the installation of the hybrid wind–solar RE generation system. The findings revealed that RE innovations, such as wind and solar energy, were well known among 54.7% and 96.2% of the respondents, respectively, before and after the introduction of EKOMAR. The survey results showed that rural residents generally support RE technologies and EKOMAR RE projects. They were also in line that the use of RE should also be extended to other parts of Mersing, including wind and solar. These findings illustrate that EKOMAR has played a crucial role in educating local residents about RE, wind and solar energy in particular. Residents believe the government plays an important role, particularly in rural areas, in encouraging and enhancing RE technologies.
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Vo, Thi Thu Em, Seung-Mo Je, Se-Hoon Jung, Jaehyeon Choi, Jun-Ho Huh, and Han-Jong Ko. "Review of Photovoltaic Power and Aquaculture in Desert." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093288.
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PV (photovoltaic) capacity is steadily increasing every year, and the rate of increase is also increasing. A desert area with a large equipment installation area and abundant solar radiation is a good candidate. PV power plants installed in the desert have advantages in themselves, but when combined with desert aquacultures, additional benefits can be obtained while compensating for the shortcomings of the aquaculture industry. The importance of the aquaculture industry is increasing, with aquaculture products approaching half of the total supply of marine products due to sea environmental pollution and reduced resources. Moreover, in deserts, where marine products are difficult to obtain, aquaculture is a good way to save marine products. However, one of the many problems that complicate the introduction of aquaculture in the desert is that it is difficult to supply and demand electricity because the site is not near a viable electric grid. However, combination with PV can solve this problem. This paper investigates the solar power and aquaculture industry in the desert and explains the limitations and challenges of the solar power and aquaculture industry in the desert. Based on this, we hope to increase interest in the solar power and aquaculture industry in the desert and help with future research.
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García, Emilio, Eduardo Quiles, Ranko Zotovic-Stanisic, and Santiago C. Gutiérrez. "Predictive Fault Diagnosis for Ship Photovoltaic Modules Systems Applications." Sensors 22, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062175.
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In this paper, an application for the management and supervision by predictive fault diagnosis (PFD) of solar power generation systems is developed through a National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) 2000 smart sensor network. Here, the NMEA 2000 network sensor devices for measuring and supervising the parameters inherent to solar power generation and renewable energy supply are applied. The importance of renewable power generation systems in ships is discussed, as well as the causes of photovoltaic modules (PVMs) aging due to superimposed causes of degradation, which is a natural and inexorable phenomenon that affects photovoltaic installations in a special way. In ships, PVMs are doubly exposed to inclement weather (solar radiation, cold, rain, dust, humidity, snow, wind, electrical storms, etc.), pollution, and a particularly aggressive environment in terms of corrosion. PFD techniques for the real-world installation and safe navigation of PVMs are discussed. A specific method based on the online analysis of the time-series data of random and seasonal I–V parameters is proposed for the comparative trend analyses of solar power generation. The objective is to apply PFD using as predictor symptom parameter (PS) the generated power decrease in affected PVMs. This PFD method allows early fault detection and isolation, whose appearance precedes by an adequate margin of maneuver, from the point of view of maintenance tasks applications. This early detection can stop the cumulative degradation phenomenon that causes the development of the most frequent and dangerous failure modes of solar modules, such as hot-spots. It is concluded that these failure modes can be conveniently diagnosed by performing comparative trend analyses of the measured power parameters by NMEA sensors.
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Ghigo, Alberto, Emilio Faraggiana, Massimo Sirigu, Giuliana Mattiazzo, and Giovanni Bracco. "Design and Analysis of a Floating Photovoltaic System for Offshore Installation: The Case Study of Lampedusa." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 8804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238804.
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In recent years, numerous projects for floating PV systems have been developed. These plants of various sizes have mainly been installed on enclosed lakes or basins characterised by the absence of external forcing related to waves and currents. However, offshore installation would allow the development of such plants in areas where land is not available, such as islands. This paper analyses the state of the art of floating PV, describes the design of a floating PV platform and the development of a numerical model to evaluate the system performance in an offshore environment. The case study of the island of Lampedusa is then analyzed: starting from a single floating foundation with its mooring system, a floating PV system is designed to meet the island’s electricity needs. In order to provide the competitiveness of the system, a techno-economic analysis is carried out, evaluating the main cost items of Capex, Opex and LCOE. Although the LCOE obtained is significantly higher than a traditional solar plant installed on land, this technology is competitive compared to other offshore marine technologies such as offshore wind and wave energy.
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Thomsen, Marianne, Daina Romeo, Dario Caro, Michele Seghetta, and Rong-Gang Cong. "Environmental-Economic Analysis of Integrated Organic Waste and Wastewater Management Systems: A Case Study from Aarhus City (Denmark)." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 3742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103742.
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This study presents a comparative analysis of the environmental and economic performances of four integrated waste and wastewater management scenarios in the city of Aarhus in Denmark. The purpose of this analysis is to deliver decision support regarding whether (i) the installation of food waste disposers in private homes (AS1) or (ii) separate collection and transport of organic waste to biogas plants is a more viable environmental and economic solution (AS2). Higher environmental benefits, e.g., mitigation of human health impacts and climate change, are obtained by transforming the existing waste combustion system into scenario (ii). Trade-offs in terms of increased marine eutrophication and terrestrial ecotoxicity result from moving up the waste hierarchy; i.e., from waste incineration to biogas production at wastewater treatment plants with anaerobic sludge digestion. Scenario (i) performs with lower energy efficiency compared to scenario (ii). Furthermore, when considering the uncertainty in the extra damage cost to the sewer system that may be associated to the installation of food waste disposers, scenario (ii) is the most flexible, robust, and less risky economic solution. From an economic, environmental, and resource efficiency point of view, separate collection and transport of biowaste to biogas plants is the most sustainable solution.
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Sonnichsen, G. V., K. Moran, C. F. M. Lewis, and G. B. J. Fader. "Regional Seabed Geology and Engineering Considerations for Hibernia and Surrounding Areas." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 12, no. 4 (August 1994): 325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879401200407.
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The discovery of oil in the Hibernia region in 1979, and subsequently at the Ben Nevis, Terra Nova, Whiterose and Hebron locations has heightened the demand for information on surficial and subsurface sediments for northeastern Grand Bank. Both gravity-based production facilities and subsea installations require a detailed understanding of the seabed foundation zone and any variations in sedimentary and physical properties of near-surface seabed materials which may affect seabed strength and stability. High resolution single-channel airgun (0.16 l) seismic reflection profiles and information from industry and government boreholes show the near-surface stratigraphy to be dominated by a sequence of shallow, seaward-dipping, parallel reflections which are interpreted to have resulted from progradation and aggradation on the continental shelf. At least locally at the Hibernia site, the upper parallel reflection sequence has complex, internal lenticular reflections and dense interbedded sands, silty-clayey sands and minor gravel and cobbles. Zones of clinoform reflections are interbedded within the sequence. The largest overlies the Hibernia oilfield and is composed of medium to coarse sand with silt and clay interbeds. It is interpreted as a shallow marine progradational sequence, which may have resulted from meltwater deposition of glacially-eroded sediment. Sediment composition and stability within the progradational sequence varies locally and regionally. A regional unconformity near the seabed truncates the progradational and the parallel reflection units and underlies thin surficial sands and gravels that are periodically transported and reworked by bottom currents and scouring icebergs. Four (4) potential seabed constraints to offshore development are described: 1) nearfield sediment transport around seabed installations, 2) liquefaction of seabed foundation sediments as a result of seismic loading, 3) seafloor iceberg scouring, and 4) site-specific and regional geological variability of foundation sediments and their physical properties. Constraints 1–3 can be addressed with appropriate design and proper siting, while 4) needs to be recognized and quantified as seabed strength and composition will vary and therefore impact design and installation of facilities such as wellheads, flowlines and pipelines.
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Vo, Thi Thu Em, Hyeyoung Ko, Junho Huh, and Namje Park. "Overview of Possibilities of Solar Floating Photovoltaic Systems in the OffShore Industry." Energies 14, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 6988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14216988.
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The demand for energy has rapidly grown around the world. Solar floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems are an efficient solution to solve the issues from nonrenewable energy sources, such as reduction of CO2 emission, limitation of global warming, environmentally friendly, a great innovation in sustainable aquaculture, and a new ecofriendly technique, along with reducing production costs, especially regarding the scarcity of habitable land. A large number of installation projects using FPV technology have been operated in water bodies such as lakes and dams/reservoirs. However, deployment of FPV offshore is still limited because of the existing characteristics of marine/sea environments that are different from onshore, such as wind loads and wave loads. Despite these difficulties, there are several projects that have been installed in some countries and gained many significant achievements. It opened possibilities to apply FPV systems offshore worldwide. In this review, we present a brief overview of FPV systems both onshore and offshore, analyze advantages and disadvantages of offshore FPV systems, and provide an overview of their future.
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Demeianto, Bobby, Rizqi Ilmal Yaqin, Muhammad Nur Arkham, Bambang Imawan, Kenny Bastian, and Iwed Mulyani. "EDUKASI TEKNOLOGI PANEL SURYA SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI LISTRIK AQUAPONIK DI KELURAHAN TANJUNG PALAS KOTA DUMAI." Al-Khidmat 4, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jak.v4i2.12287.
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The source of electrical energy is one of the main components in everyday life. The development of technology today requires all people to be able to take advantage of renewable energy, one of which is solar energy. The solar panel is an energy conversion machine that can produce electrical energy. Coastal communities have an abundance of solar energy sources that can be utilized by solar panels as alternative electrical energy in the aquaponics system that has been built. The majority of the people of Tanjung Palas Village, Dumai City, are fishermen. So that there is a need for additional economic income besides being a fisherman. On the other hand, the community still does not understand the operation and maintenance of solar panels due to knowledge problems. Therefore education and the installation of solar panels as a source of aquaponic electricity are alternative solutions offered to the community. The educational activity of solar panels as a source of aquaponic electricity is carried out in collaboration with CSR PT Pertamina RU II Dumai with the Dumai Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic. The result of this activity is that the level of understanding of participants from per category always increases. The knowledge category increased from 39% of participants to 93% of participants, the operating category increased from 14% of participants to 94% and the care category increased from 14% of participants to 95% of participants. In addition, the level of satisfaction of the participants shows that 25% of participants are very satisfied and 75% of participants are satisfied with this activity. Recommendations for the results of activities that have been carried out are that there is a need for follow-up activities so that the community can better utilize solar panels as alternative electrical energy.
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Chen, Chia-Hsiang, and Nan-Jay Su. "Global Trends and Characteristics of Offshore Wind Farm Research over the Past Three Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101339.
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Offshore wind power is a valuable renewable energy source. However, the development of offshore wind farms is facing many challenges, including understanding their impacts on ecosystems and society, as well as knowledge gaps in research. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was performed with the aim of providing a comprehensive understanding of current global progress in offshore wind farm research. Three stages of development were considered for the analysis and comparison of research characteristics and outcomes. Based on the total number of scientific publications and the international collaboration ratio (ICR), Europe has been leading research in and the development of offshore wind power since the early 1990s. However, a fast-growing period of offshore wind farm development occurred after 2000, during which Europe and Asia in particular showed increases in ICR. The installation of offshore wind turbines may have non-negligible adverse impacts on marine ecosystems, especially in ecologically vulnerable regions or developing countries. Research and relevant studies should be integrated to investigate and reduce the ecological and environmental damage that results from offshore wind farm development. This paper presents a systematic evaluation of the global developmental trends in offshore wind farm research, which could help to characterize and guide future trends within this field.
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GRECIAN, W. JAMES, RICHARD INGER, MARTIN J. ATTRILL, STUART BEARHOP, BRENDAN J. GODLEY, MATTHEW J. WITT, and STEPHEN C. VOTIER. "Potential impacts of wave-powered marine renewable energy installations on marine birds." Ibis 152, no. 4 (August 12, 2010): 683–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2010.01048.x.
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Park, Minkyu, Seongjun Park, Byungcheol Seong, Yeonjeong Choi, and Sokhee P. Jung. "Current Status and Prospective of Offshore Wind Power to Achieve Korean Renewable Energy 3020 Plan." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.3.196.
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This review comprehensively reviewed floating offshore wind power generation technology, which is being newly developed as a mid- to long-term plan for wind energy. From the perspective of investment per megawatt (MW), offshore wind power is still about 50 percent more expensive than land wind power. Nevertheless, many advanced countries began to investigate the data because they wondered why they were immersed in development and investment, and why offshore wind facilities installed on the beach and floating offshore wind installed in the middle of the sea, unlike the land wind we knew. We looked at the basic principles of offshore wind power generation and the technologies used in facilities, and looked at the advantages and disadvantages of offshore wind power generation compared to land wind power generation, and what differences between fixed offshore wind farms and floating offshore wind farms. It is investigated whether it is a realistic plan to verify residents’ opposition to the installation of offshore wind power facilities, the possibility of commercialization such as high operational management costs, and the feasibility of installing facilities for renewable energy 3020 as mid- to long-term goals. In addition, it compares foreign cases with offshore wind power development complexes in Korea, marine wind power generation complexes in operation, and high wind power in Scotland, the first floating offshore wind power in Ulsan, Korea, to overcome difficulties in installing facilities and suggest directions for domestic offshore wind power development. In addition, in Korea, where there are not many countries suitable for wind power generation unlike overseas, it was decided to investigate whether floating offshore wind power could be the answer as planned. The reason why the government is pushing for investment in renewable energy such as solar power and wind power is because energy sources from the sun are eco-friendly. However, the U.S. and Europe, which started the wind power project early, are having difficulty in handling the wings of wind power generators. The energy source looked at the contradictions caused by environmental pollution in the treatment of waste, although it was environmentally friendly, and investigated how waste was treated and utilized overseas. Compared to other countries that entered the offshore wind power business earlier, domestic power generation projects are in their infancy and should focus on developing technology and co-prosperity with neighboring residents rather than on excessive expansion.
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Prause, Felix, Gunnar Prause, and Robert Philipp. "Inventory Routing for Ammonia Supply in German Ports." Energies 15, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 6485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176485.
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Following the International Maritime Organization (IMO), in order to safeguard the realization of the Paris Agreement on climate protection, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have to be reduced by 50% by the year 2050. This objective shall be reached by decarbonization of maritime traffic, which is why ship operators currently increasingly search for alternative fuels. Moreover, since the start of the Ukrainian war in February 2022, this issue of alternative fuels has gained central importance in political agendas. A promising candidate for clean shipping that meets the IMO goals is ammonia since it is a carbon-free fuel. Ammonia (NH3) shows good advantages in handling and storage, and it ensures long sea voyages without any significant loss in cargo space for a reasonable price. Hence, ammonia has the potential to improve the environmental footprint of global shipping enormously. Induced by the introduction of stricter regulations in the so-called emission control areas (ECAs) in Northern Europe in 2015 as well as the renewed global sulfur cap, which entered into force in 2020, ship operators had to decide between different compliance methods, among which the most popular solutions are related to the use of expensive low-sulfur fuel oils, newbuilds and retrofits for the usage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or the installation of scrubber technology. A change to ammonia as a marine alternative fuel represents an additional novel future option, but the successful implementation depends on the availability of NH3 in the ports, i.e., on the installation of the maritime NH3 infrastructure. Currently, the single German NH3 terminal with maritime access is located in Brunsbüttel, the western entrance to Kiel Canal. The distribution of NH3 from the existing NH3 hub to other German ports can be analyzed by the mathematical model of an inventory routing problem (IRP) that is usually solved by combinatorial optimization methods. This paper investigates the interrelated research questions, how the distribution of marine NH3 fuel can be modeled as an IRP, which distribution mode is the most economic one for the German ports and which modal mix for the NH3 supply leads to the greenest distribution. The results of this paper are empirically validated by data that were collected in several EU projects on sustainable supply chain management and green logistics. The paper includes a special section that is dedicated to the discussion of the economic turbulences related to the Ukrainian war together with their implications on maritime shipping.
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Харитонов, М. С., and Д. К. Кугучева. "Assessment of solar energy potential at the facilities of the port of Kaliningrad." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg>, no. 4(54) (December 2, 2021): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2021.54.4.014.
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В настоящее время из-за интенсивного роста морской торговли наблюдается тенденция развития морских портов. Прибрежные территории и районы расположения порта становятся источниками загрязнения, а техногенное воздействие на окружающую среду и возникающие при этом неблагоприятные воздействия на природную обстановку оказывают негативное влияние на среду обитания человека. Для снижения негативных воздействий на окружающую среду необходимо замещение ископаемых видов топлива возобновляемыми источниками энергии. Сегодня одним из перспективных направлений развития и совершенствования систем электроснабжения является применение фотоэлектрических панелей, благодаря которым можно достичь целей по обеспечению экологической безопасности морской среды. В статье описана методика аналитической оценки солнечного потенциала. На примере Калининградского морского торгового порта дана точная оценка количества поступающей солнечной радиации на поверхность фотоэлектрических панелей, проведен расчет эффективности применения различных способов установки фотоэлектрических панелей на территории порта и определены перспективы использования фотоэлектрических панелей с различными способами установки в качестве дополнительных источников генерации. Currently, due to the intensive growth of maritime trade, there is a tendency for the development of seaports. Coastal territories and port areas become sources of pollution, and man-made impacts on the environment and the resulting adverse impacts on the natural environment have a negative impact on the human environment. To reduce the negative impact on the environment, it is necessary to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. Today, one of the promising directions for the development and improvement of power supply systems is the use of photovoltaic panels, thanks to which it is possible to achieve the goals of ensuring the ecological safety of the marine environment. The article describes a technique for analytical assessment of solar potential. Using the example of the Kaliningrad Commercial Sea Port, an accurate assessment of the amount of incoming solar radiation on the surface of photovoltaic panels is given, the effectiveness of using various methods of installing photovoltaic panels on the port territory is calculated, and the prospects for using photovoltaic panels with various installation methods as additional sources of generation are determined.
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Francisco, Francisco, Anke Bender, and Jan Sundberg. "Use of multibeam imaging sonar for observation of marine mammals and fish on a marine renewable energy site." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): e0275978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275978.
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Environmental data is crucial for planning, permitting, execution and post construction monitoring of marine renewable energy projects. In harsh conditions in which marine renewable energy is harvested, integrated monitoring platforms comprising multibeam imaging sonar systems coupled with other sensors can provide multiparametric data of the marine environment surrounding marine renewable energy installations. The aim of this study was to test the possibilities of observing the occurrence of fish and marine mammals using a multibeam imaging sonar system deployed at a wave power test site. The results obtained from a ten-day data set proved the platform as suitable for long time underwater monitoring and also revealed that the occurrence of fish and marine mammals was distributed across characteristic time and space domains. Large fish [>0.4 m] frequently occurred at night-time and near the benthic zone. Small fish [<0.2 m] frequently occurred during daylight and within the pelagic zone. The occurrence of seals was periodically distributed along a daily cycle, with intervals of 1–2 hours between maxima and minima. In conclusion, the use of multibeam imaging sonar can be a reliable technique for the qualitative and quantitative observations of fish and marine mammals in general and at marine renewable energy sites specifically, including protected and economically important species.
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Djunarsjah, Eka, Miga Magenika Julian, Fickrie Muhammad, Andika Permadi Putra, Nafandra Syabana Lubis, Tri Kies Welly, Firman Irwansyah, Wulan Abdul Wahab, and Bagaskoro Pamungkas. "Utilization of Marine Geospatial Data for Determining Optimal FAD Locations in Improving the Living Standards of the North Gorontalo Coastal Community." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 2242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032242.
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The use of fishing aids called Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) has become a polemic in the context of realizing sustainable fisheries management. On the one hand, the use of FADs can increase fishermen’s catches. However, on the other hand, the use of FADs without proper management will result in unsustainable fish availability due to overfishing. The FADs used are also not always correlated with increased catches. At certain times, FADs used by fishermen can be lost because they are carried away by the current, which is clearly very detrimental to both fishermen and the environment. Utilization of geospatial information is one of the efforts to connect existing policies regarding the use of FADs, safety aspects, and optimizing the number of fishermen’s catches. The main focus of this study is the utilization of geospatial information such as the modeling of ocean currents, analysis of potential fishing zones, analysis of sea depth positions, and analysis of prohibited zones for the placement of FADs. The model and policy analysis results are used to determine recommendations for the optimal placement of FADs in the northern sea of the province of Gorontalo. In this study, an analysis of the influence of FADs on the economy of the community, especially the coastal community of North Gorontalo Regency, was also carried out. Recommended areas for FAD placement are divided into class 1 (low recommendation), class 2 (medium recommendation), and class 3 (high recommendation). The results of the recommendation for FAD placement areas resulted in 5 FADs being in the level 1 area, 27 FADs being in the level 2 area, and 6 FADs being in the level 3 area. Installed FADs cannot be moved to a different location because the installation is permanent. The findings of this study will help those who install new FADs to decide on a secure site for their installation. By paying attention to the shape of FADs, fishing gear, and the conditions of placement of existing FADs, it can be analyzed that the main catch targets of fishermen are pelagic (pelagic) fish, which is evidenced by the catches of fishermen in North Gorontalo Regency, which are dominated by large pelagic fish and small pelagic fish with a total catch of 21,535,604 kg. in 2021. Thus, it can be inferred that FADs have a significant role in supporting the economy that revolves around fishers, especially in North Gorontalo Regency, and with the stock of pelagic fish, which is still relatively high, it is possible to support the economy of the people of North Gorontalo Regency in the long term.
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Reilly, Caroline E., Julia Larson, Alicia M. Amerson, Garrett J. Staines, Joseph H. Haxel, and Paul Morgan Pattison. "Minimizing Ecological Impacts of Marine Energy Lighting." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030354.
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Marine energy is poised to become an important renewable energy contributor for the U.S., but widespread deployment of the technology hinges on its benefits outweighing the potential ecological impacts. One stressor marine energy installations introduce is light, which is known to cause varying responses among wildlife and has not yet been addressed as an environmental concern. This review discusses requirements and regulations for similar structures and how lighting design choices can be made to meet these requirements while minimizing environmental consequences. More practical guidance on implementing lighting for marine energy is needed, as well as updated guidelines to reflect technological and research advances. Known responses of wildlife to light are introduced in addition to how the responses of individuals may lead to ecosystem-level changes. The impact of light associated with marine energy installations can be reduced by following basic guidance provided herein, such as removing excess lighting, using lights with high directionality, and employing controls to reduce light levels. Continued research on animal responses to light, such as findings on minimum light levels for animal responses, alongside the development of highly-sensitivity spectral characterization capabilities can further inform lighting guidelines for deploying future open ocean marine energy devices.
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Le, Quynh Thi Ngoc, Somi Jung, and Won-Bae Na. "Wake Region Estimates of Artificial Reefs in Vietnam: Effects of Tropical Seawater Temperatures and Seasonal Water Flow Variation." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 6191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156191.
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From the perspective of saving energy of marine species and creating feeding areas, the wake volume of an artificial reef (AR) should be considered as a parameter in any wake region estimation. Wake regions of AR modules (reef ball, cylinder reef, and cube reef) and sets were numerically estimated considering tropical seawater temperatures and water flow variation in Vietnamese coastal waters. In addition, we considered an efficiency index (i.e., total wake volume per reef volume) and wake volume diagram (i.e., wake volume dependency on water flow direction) to characterize wake volumes. From the results, first, it was found that the effect of temperature on the wake volumes was minor in comparison with the effect of flow direction. It was also found that the optimum installation angles were 30° (reef ball and its set), 30° (cylinder reef and its set), and 0° (cube and its set) along the major flow direction. Second, it was found that the cylinder reef and its set were attractive because they generated the maximum wake volumes, regardless of seawater temperature. Thus, the module and set showed better average efficiency indices (9.28 for module and 6.81 for set) than the other cases. We found that the wake volume was dominant in the efficiency index and, accordingly, wake volume diagrams are sufficient to indicate the dependence on flow direction.
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Alexander, Karen A., Sophie A. Meyjes, and Johanna J. Heymans. "Spatial ecosystem modelling of marine renewable energy installations: Gauging the utility of Ecospace." Ecological Modelling 331 (July 2016): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.01.016.
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Mehdi, Raza Ali, Michael Baldauf, and Hasan Deeb. "A dynamic risk assessment method to address safety of navigation concerns around offshore renewable energy installations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 234, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090219837409.
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This work focuses on the development of a deterministic dynamic risk method that can be used by operational end-users such as seafarers, when navigating in restricted waters where there is spatial conflict due to multi-use of marine areas by the shipping and offshore renewable energy industries. The developed method can also be used during the planning stages of offshore renewable energy installations. A case study of vessel operations near an offshore wind farm is also presented. The article also briefly discusses the potential application of manoeuvring-based dynamic risk methods to resolve spatial conflicts in the maritime, as well as other transport domains.
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Azzellino, A., J. P. Kofoed, C. Lanfredi, L. Margheritini, and M. L. Pedersen. "A Marine Spatial Planning framework for the optimal siting of Marine Renewable Energy Installations: two Danish case studies." Journal of Coastal Research 165 (January 3, 2013): 1623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si65-274.1.
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