Journal articles: 'Marine organic matter'

1

Roelofs, G. J. "A GCM study of organic matter in marine aerosol and its potential contribution to cloud drop activation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 2 (April 27, 2007): 5675–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-5675-2007.

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Abstract. With the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM we investigate the potential influence of organic aerosol originating from the ocean on aerosol mass and chemical composition and the droplet concentration and size of marine clouds. We present sensitivity simulations in which the uptake of organic matter in the marine aerosol is prescribed for each aerosol mode with varying organic mass and mixing state, and with a geographical distribution and seasonality similar to the oceanic emission of dimethyl sulfide. Measurements of aerosol mass and chemical composition serve to evaluate the representativity of the model initializations. Good agreement with the measurements is obtained when organic matter is added to the Aitken, accumulation and coarse modes simultaneously. Representing marine organics in the model leads to higher cloud drop number concentrations, smaller cloud drop effective radii, and a better agreement with remote sensing measurements. The mixing state of the organics and the other aerosol matter, i.e., internal or external depending on the formation process of aerosol organics, is an important factor for this. We estimate that globally about 75 Tg C yr−1 of organic matter from marine origin enters the aerosol phase. An approximate 35% of this occurs through formation of secondary organic aerosol and 65% through emission of primary particles.

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2

Roelofs, G. J. "A GCM study of organic matter in marine aerosol and its potential contribution to cloud drop activation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 3 (February 13, 2008): 709–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-709-2008.

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Abstract. With the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM we investigate the potential influence of organic aerosol originating from the ocean on aerosol mass and chemical composition and the droplet concentration and size of marine clouds. We present sensitivity simulations in which the uptake of organic matter in the marine aerosol is prescribed for each aerosol mode with varying organic mass and mixing state, and with a geographical distribution and seasonality similar to the oceanic emission of dimethyl sulfide. Measurements of aerosol mass, aerosol chemical composition and cloud drop effective radius are used to assess the representativity of the model initializations. Good agreement with the measurements is obtained when organic matter is added to the Aitken, accumulation and coarse modes simultaneously. Representing marine organics in the model leads to higher cloud drop number concentrations and thus smaller cloud drop effective radii, and this improves the agreement with measurements. The mixing state of the organics and the other aerosol matter, i.e. internal or external depending on the formation process of aerosol organics, is an important factor for this. We estimate that globally about 75 Tg C yr−1 of organic matter from marine origin enters the aerosol phase, with comparable contributions from primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation.

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3

Middelburg, Jack J., Tom Vlug, F. Jaco, and W. A. van der Nat. "Organic matter mineralization in marine systems." Global and Planetary Change 8, no. 1-2 (July 1993): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(93)90062-s.

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4

Fuentes, E., H. Coe, D. Green, and G. McFiggans. "On the impacts of phytoplankton-derived organic matter on the properties of the primary marine aerosol – Part 2: Composition, hygroscopicity and cloud condensation activity." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 6 (March 18, 2011): 2585–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2585-2011.

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Abstract. The effect of nanogel colloidal and dissolved organic matter <0.2 μm, secreted by marine biota, on the hygroscopic growth and droplet activation behaviour of the primary marine aerosol was studied. Seawater proxies were prepared by the combination of artificial seawater devoid of marine organics and natural seawater enriched in organic exudate released by laboratory-grown phytoplankton cultures, as described in a companion paper. The primary aerosol was produced by bubble bursting, using a plunging multijet system as an aerosol generator. The aerosol generated from seawater proxies enriched with marine exudate presented organic volume fractions on the order of 8–37%, as derived by applying a simple mixing rule. The hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of the marine organics-enriched particles where 9–17% and 5–24% lower, respectively, than those of the aerosol produced from artificial seawater devoid of exudate. Experiments in a companion paper indicated that the cloud nuclei formation could be enhanced in diatom bloom areas because of the increase in the primary particle production induced by marine organics. The experiments in the present study, however, indicate that the impacts of such an enhancement would be counteracted by the reduction in the CCN activity of the primary particles enriched in marine organics. The extent of the effect of the biogenic matter on the particle behaviour was dependent on the seawater organic concentration and type of algal exudate. Aerosol produced from seawater proxies containing diatomaceous exudate presented higher hydrophobicity and lower CCN activity than those enriched with nanoplankton exudate. The organic fraction of the particles was found to correlate with the seawater organic concentration, without observing saturation of the particle organic mass fraction even for unrealistically high organic matter concentration in seawater. These findings are indicative that discrepancies on the composition of the primary aerosol between different studies could partly be explained by the difference in the nature and concentration of the organic matter in the source seawater employed. Consistently across the experiments, theoretical analysis based on the Köhler model predicted a reduction in the primary marine aerosol CCN activity upon the incorporation of marine organics into the particle composition. This effect is consequence of the replacement of small inorganic sea salt molecules by large molar mass organic molecules, together with a moderate suppression of the surface tension at the point of activation of 5–0.5%, which leads to a dominance of the reduction in the dissolved solute in the Raoult term.

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5

Passow, U., J. Dunne, J. W. Murray, L. Balistrieri, and A. L. Alldredge. "Organic carbon to 234Th ratios of marine organic matter." Marine Chemistry 100, no. 3-4 (August 2006): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.10.020.

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6

Tanoue, Eiichiro. "Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter." Oceanography in Japan 13, no. 1 (2004): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5928/kaiyou.13.7.

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7

Wada, Shigeki, Yuko Omori, Saki Yamashita, Yasuhito Hayashi, Takeo Hama, and Yasuhisa Adachi. "Aggregation of marine organic matter by bubbling." Journal of Oceanography 76, no. 4 (January 7, 2020): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10872-019-00538-1.

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8

Fuentes, E., H. Coe, D. Green, and G. McFiggans. "On the impacts of phytoplankton-derived organic matter on the properties of the primary marine aerosol – Part 2: Composition, hygroscopicity and cloud condensation activity." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2010): 26157–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-26157-2010.

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Abstract. The effect of colloidal and dissolved organic matter <0.2 μm, secreted by marine biota, on the hygroscopic growth and droplet activation behaviour of the primary marine aerosol was studied. Seawater proxies were prepared by the combination of artificial seawater devoid of marine organics and natural seawater enriched in organic exudate released by laboratory-grown phytoplankton cultures, as described in a companion paper. The primary aerosol was produced by bubble bursting, using a plunging multijet system as an aerosol generator. The aerosol generated from seawater proxies enriched with marine exudate presented organic volume fractions on the order of 5–37%, as derived by applying a simple mixing rule. The hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of the marine organics-enriched particles where 9–17% and 5–24% lower, respectively, than those of the aerosol produced from artificial seawater devoid of exudate. Experiments in a companion paper indicated that the cloud nuclei formation could be enhanced in diatom bloom areas because of the increase in the primary particle production induced by marine organics. The experiments in the present study, however, indicate that the impacts of such an enhancement would be counteracted by the reduction in the CCN activity of the primary particles enriched in marine organics. The extent of the effect of the biogenic matter on the particle behaviour was dependent on the seawater organic concentration and type of algal exudate. Aerosol produced from seawater proxies containing diatomaceous exudate presented higher hydrophobicity and lower CCN activity than those enriched with nanoplankton exudate. The organic fraction of the particles increased with increasing seawater organic concentration, with the highest organic enrichment found for the diatomaceous exudate. These findings are indicative that, besides the differences induced by the aerosol generator employed, discrepancies between different studies in the behaviour of the organics-enriched primary seaspray could partly be explained by the difference in the nature and concentration of the organic material in the source seawater employed. Consistently across the experiments, theoretical analysis based on the Köhler model predicted a reduction in the primary seaspray CCN activity upon the incorporation of marine organics into the particle composition. This effect is consequence of the replacement of small inorganic sea salt molecules by large molar mass organic molecules, together with a moderate suppression of the surface tension at the point of activation of 5–0.5%, which leads to a dominance of the reduction in the dissolved solute in the Raoult term.

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9

Xue, Hai Tao, Guo Dong Mu, Shan Si Tian, and Shuang Fang Lu. "Gas Generation Regularities of Dissipated Soluble Organic Matter in Sichuan Basin." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.308.

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The organic matter of marine strata has high degree of thermal evolution in Sichuan Basin. The gas generation ability of kerogen is very limited, which mainly relies on the soluble organic matter as gas parent material to provide gas source for gas reservoir. In this paper, chemical kinetics method and experiments are applied to study on the history of gas generation and gas generation rate of organic matter in Sichuan marine strata. Result shows that dissipated soluble organic matter in source rocks, dissipated soluble organic matter out of source rocks and organic matter in paleo-reservoir successively generate gas in proper order. Dissipated soluble organic matter out of source rocks and the oil in paleo-reservoir belong to late gas generation.

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10

O'Meara, Theresa, Emma Gibbs, and Simon F. Thrush. "Rapid organic matter assay of organic matter degradation across depth gradients within marine sediments." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 2 (October 9, 2017): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12894.

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11

Hansell, Dennis. "Marine Dissolved Organic Matter and the Carbon Cycle." Oceanography 14, no. 4 (2001): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2001.05.

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12

Koho, K. A., K. G. J. Nierop, L. Moodley, J. J. Middelburg, L. Pozzato, K. Soetaert, J. van der Plicht, and G. J. Reichart. "Microbial bioavailability regulates organic matter preservation in marine sediments." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 9 (September 24, 2012): 13187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-13187-2012.

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Abstract. Burial of organic matter (OM) plays an important role in marine sediments, linking the short-term, biological carbon cycle with the long-term, geological subsurface cycle. It is well established that low-oxygen conditions promote organic carbon burial in marine sediments. However, the mechanism remains enigmatic. Here we report biochemical quality, microbial degradability, OM preservation and accumulation along an oxygen gradient in the Indian Ocean. Our results show that more OM, and of biochemically higher quality, accumulates under low oxygen conditions. Nevertheless, microbial degradability does not correlate with the biochemical quality of OM. This decoupling of OM biochemical quality and microbial degradability, or bioavailability, violates the ruling paradigm that higher quality implies higher microbial processing. The inhibition of bacterial OM remineralisation may play an important role in the burial of organic matter in marine sediments and formation of oil source rocks.

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13

Koho, K. A., K. G. J. Nierop, L. Moodley, J. J. Middelburg, L. Pozzato, K. Soetaert, J. van der Plicht, and G.-J. Reichart. "Microbial bioavailability regulates organic matter preservation in marine sediments." Biogeosciences 10, no. 2 (February 20, 2013): 1131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1131-2013.

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Abstract. Burial of organic matter (OM) plays an important role in marine sediments, linking the short-term, biological carbon cycle with the long-term, geological subsurface cycle. It is well established that low-oxygen conditions promote organic carbon burial in marine sediments. However, the mechanism remains enigmatic. Here we report biochemical quality, microbial degradability, OM preservation and accumulation along an oxygen gradient in the Indian Ocean. Our results show that more OM, with biochemically higher quality, accumulates under low oxygen conditions. Nevertheless, microbial degradability does not correlate with the biochemical quality of OM. This decoupling of OM biochemical quality and microbial degradability, or bioavailability, violates the ruling paradigm that higher quality implies higher microbial processing. The inhibition of bacterial OM remineralisation may play an important role in the burial of organic matter in marine sediments and formation of oil source rocks.

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14

Kujawinski, Elizabeth B. "The Impact of Microbial Metabolism on Marine Dissolved Organic Matter." Annual Review of Marine Science 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2011): 567–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081003.

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15

Boldrini, Amedeo, Luisa Galgani, Marco Consumi, and Steven Arthur Loiselle. "Microplastics Contamination versus Inorganic Particles: Effects on the Dynamics of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter." Environments 8, no. 3 (March 6, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8030021.

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Microplastic contamination has been linked to a range of impacts on aquatic environments. One important area that is only beginning to be addressed is the effect of microplastics on marine carbon cycling and how these compare to the effects related to inorganic particles typically present in ocean waters. The present study explores these impacts on dissolved organic matter dynamics by comparing three scenarios: a particle-free environment, a particle-enriched system with polystyrene microplastics, and a particle-enriched system with inorganic particles (water insoluble SiO2). Natural marine organic matter was obtained by culturing a non-axenic strain of Chaetoceros socialis in 2 L flasks under each of three scenarios. Following the diatom growth phase, filtered samples from the three flasks containing dissolved organic matter and bacteria were incubated separately in the dark for 5 days to monitor changes in dissolved organic matter. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), a bulk optical property, was monitored daily to examine changes in its quality and quantity and to compare degradation dynamics in the three systems. CDOM absorbance (quantity) remained higher in the control with respect to particle-enriched systems, suggesting that the presence of particles led to different rates of CDOM production and degradation. Using indicators for CDOM that could be related to microbial activity, results showed a higher CDOM alteration in the particle-enriched systems. These results indicate that microplastics have a potential role in modifying marine organic matter dynamics, on a similar magnitude to that of biogenic inorganic particles. Given their increasing concentrations of marine ecosystems, their role in marine microbial processing of organic matter needs to be better understood.

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16

Gantt, B., N. Meskhidze, and A. G. Carlton. "The impact of marine organics on the air quality of the western United States." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2010): 6257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-6257-2010.

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Abstract. The impact of marine organic emissions to the air quality in coastal areas of the western United States is studied using the latest version of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regional-scale Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQv4.7) modeling system. Emissions of marine isoprene, monoterpenes, and primary organic matter (POM) from the ocean are implemented into the model to provide a comprehensive view of the connection between ocean biology and atmospheric chemistry and air pollution. Model simulations show that marine organics can increase the concentration of PM2.5 by 0.1–0.3 μg m−3 (up to 5%) in coastal cities. This increase in the PM2.5 concentration is primarily attributed to the POM emissions, with small contributions from the marine isoprene and monoterpenes. When marine organic emissions are included, organic carbon (OC) concentrations over the remote ocean are increased by up to 50% (25% in coastal areas), values consistent with recent observational findings. This study is the first to quantify the air quality impacts from marine POM and monoterpenes for the United States, and highlights the need for inclusion of marine organic emissions in air quality models.

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17

Gantt, B., N. Meskhidze, and A. G. Carlton. "The contribution of marine organics to the air quality of the western United States." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 15 (August 9, 2010): 7415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7415-2010.

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Abstract. The contribution of marine organic emissions to the air quality in coastal areas of the western United States is studied using the latest version of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regional-scale Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQv4.7) modeling system. Emissions of marine isoprene, monoterpenes, and primary organic matter (POM) from the ocean are implemented into the model to provide a comprehensive view of the connection between ocean biology and atmospheric chemistry and air pollution. Model simulations show that marine organics can increase the concentration of PM2.5 by 0.1–0.3 μg m−3 (up to 5%) in some coastal cities such as San Francisco, CA. This increase in the PM2.5 concentration is primarily attributed to the POM emissions, with small contributions from the marine isoprene and monoterpenes. When marine organic emissions are included, organic carbon (OC) concentrations over the remote ocean are increased by up to 50% (25% in coastal areas), values consistent with recent observational findings. This study is the first to quantify the air quality impacts from marine POM and monoterpenes for the United States, and it highlights the need for inclusion of marine organic emissions in air quality models.

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18

Funkey, Carolina P., Daniel J. Conley, and Colin A. Stedmon. "Sediment alkaline-extracted organic matter (AEOM) fluorescence: An archive of Holocene marine organic matter origins." Science of The Total Environment 676 (August 2019): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.170.

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19

Canuel, Elizabeth A., and Amber K. Hardison. "Sources, Ages, and Alteration of Organic Matter in Estuaries." Annual Review of Marine Science 8, no. 1 (January 3, 2016): 409–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034058.

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20

Wei, Zhifu, Yongli Wang, Gen Wang, Ting Zhang, Wei He, Xueyun Ma, and Xiaoli Yu. "Enrichment Mechanism of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Transitional Shale in the East Margin of the Ordos Basin, China: Evidence from Geochemical Proxies." Geofluids 2020 (November 6, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8867140.

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The organic-rich shale of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian transition period in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, China, was formed in a marine-continental facies sedimentary environment. With a high content of total organic carbon (TOC) and a large cumulative thickness, it is considered a good source rock for shale gas development. The sedimentary environment of marine-continental transitional shale is obviously different from that of marine shale, which leads to different enrichment characteristics of organic matter. In this paper, shale samples were collected from XX# well of the Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations across the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian, which is typical marine-continental transitional shale. The TOC, major elements, and trace elements were measured, and the formation and preservation conditions were investigated using multiple geochemical proxies, including paleoclimate, redox parameters, paleoproductivity, and controls on the accumulation of organic matter. The TOC of Shanxi Formation is higher than that of Taiyuan Formation. In the Taiyuan Formation, TOC is positively related to the redox index (V, U, and V/Cr), indicating that the dysoxic bottom water environment is the key factor controlling organic matter accumulation. For Shanxi Formation, there is a positive correlation between TOC and paleoclimate, which indicates that the enrichment of organic matter is affected by warm and humid paleoclimate and oxic environment. In addition, the paleoproductivity is lower with a positive correlation with TOC for the marine-continental transitional organic-rich shale, suggesting that it was inferior to the gathering of organic matter.

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21

Longnecker, Krista, Lisa Oswald, Melissa C. Kido Soule, Gregory A. Cutter, and Elizabeth B. Kujawinski. "Organic sulfur: A spatially variable and understudied component of marine organic matter." Limnology and Oceanography Letters 5, no. 4 (February 5, 2020): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10149.

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22

Leri, Alessandra C., Lawrence M. Mayer, Kathleen R. Thornton, Paul A. Northrup, Marisa R. Dunigan, Katherine J. Ness, and Austin B. Gellis. "A marine sink for chlorine in natural organic matter." Nature Geoscience 8, no. 8 (July 6, 2015): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2481.

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23

Rossel, Pamela E., Aron Stubbins, Tammo Rebling, Andrea Koschinsky, Jeffrey A. Hawkes, and Thorsten Dittmar. "Thermally altered marine dissolved organic matter in hydrothermal fluids." Organic Geochemistry 110 (August 2017): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.05.003.

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24

Burdige, David J., Scott W. Kline, and Wenhao Chen. "Fluorescent dissolved organic matter in marine sediment pore waters." Marine Chemistry 89, no. 1-4 (October 2004): 289–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.015.

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25

Wakeham, Stuart G., Cindy Lee, John I. Hedges, Peter J. Hernes, and Michael J. Peterson. "Molecular indicators of diagenetic status in marine organic matter." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61, no. 24 (December 1997): 5363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(97)00312-8.

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26

Keil, Richard G., Daniel B. Montluçon, Fredrick G. Prahl, and John I. Hedges. "Sorptive preservation of labile organic matter in marine sediments." Nature 370, no. 6490 (August 1994): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/370549a0.

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27

Ramesh, R., and R. V. Krishnamurthy. ".DELTA.13C of marine organic matter and ocean pH." GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 32, no. 1 (1998): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.32.65.

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28

Castillo, Cristina Romera, Hugo Sarmento, Xosé Antón Álvarez-Salgado, Josep M. Gasol, and Celia Marraséa. "Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter by marine phytoplankton." Limnology and Oceanography 55, no. 1 (December 21, 2009): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0446.

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29

Shi-de, Ma, Yan Xiao-jun, Fan Xiao, Chen Yu-min, Fang Guo-ming, and Du Ai-ling. "Influence of active marine organic matter on electrochemical corrosion." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 17, no. 4 (December 1999): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02842833.

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30

Raiswell, Robert, and Robert A. Berner. "Pyrite and organic matter in Phanerozoic normal marine shales." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50, no. 9 (September 1986): 1967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90252-8.

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31

Leri, Alessandra C., Lawrence M. Mayer, Kathleen R. Thornton, and Bruce Ravel. "Bromination of marine particulate organic matter through oxidative mechanisms." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 142 (October 2014): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.08.012.

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32

Liu, Yan, Ping Ping Fan, Guang Li Hou, Ji Chang Sun, Yan Cheng, and Ran Ma. "Rapid Determination of Organic Matter Fractions by Ozonation Chemiluminescence." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2842–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2842.

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Understanding marine biogeochemistry requires a network of global ocean in situ monitoring of various parameters on different scales in time and space. Among the various parameters involved in marine biogeochemistry, sediment chemistry is most important, and the organic matter fractions are the dominate factor in this parameter. However, classical methods of determining organic matter fractions consume a great deal of time and labor. In addition, some of these methods can produce high levels of pollution and are therefore not suitable for in situ studies. This study explored a method of rapid determination of organic matter fractions by ozonation chemiluminescence. In this method, the organic matter was separated into extractives, acid soluble fractions and acid insoluble fractions (AIF) using the classical method and then oxidized by ozone. The ozonation chemiluminescence characteristics of eight samples were subsequently used to set up a model to predict the concentrations of organic matter fractions. The model was tested using nine other organic samples and the results showed that it provided a better fit for the predicted acid soluble fractions. This study is the first to demonstrate the use of ozonation chemiluminescence for rapid determination of organic matter fractions; however, further study is required to enable its universal use.

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Fei, Ying-Heng, and Xiao-Yan Li. "Adsorption of tetracyclines on marine sediment during organic matter diagenesis." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 11 (June 1, 2013): 2616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.164.

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The effect of decomposition and diagenesis of sediment organic matter (SOM) on the adsorption of emerging pollutants by the sediment has been seldom addressed. In the present experimental study, artificial sediment was incubated to simulate the natural organic diagenesis process and hence investigate the influence of organic diagenesis on the adsorption of tetracyclines (TCs) by marine sediment. During a period of 4 months of incubation, SOM initially added into the sediment underwent biodegradation and diagenesis. The results showed an early decrease in TC adsorption by the sediment, which was likely caused by the competition between the microbial organic products and TC molecules for the adsorption sites. Afterward, TC adsorption by the sediment increased significantly, which was mainly due to the accumulation of condensed SOM. The experimental results indicate the interactions between TCs and the sediment during the dynamic process of SOM diagenesis. Moreover, the remaining SOM is shown to have an increasing affinity with the antibiotics.

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34

Bushnev, D. "Anoxic basins organic matter geochemistry." Vestnik of geosciences, no. 2 (April 25, 2022): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2022.2.1.

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The paleo-anoxic events influence on the accumulation of organic matter in carbonaceous marine sediments is considered. Aryl carotenoids derivatives found in bitumoids of the Upper Jurassic oil shales of the Russian Plate, Domanik deposits of the Pechora Basin, and other sequences indicate the photic zone anoxia of paleobasin waters. Dissolved hydrogen sulfide interacts with lipids and carbohydrates of the original organic matter and forms a wide range of soluble and high-molecular sulfur compounds. The analysis of the pyrolysis products composition of Jurassic oil shale sulfur-rich kerogen indicates a significant proportion of sulfur bound sugars in structure, as well as the formation of polysulfur bound n-alkyl fragments. The Domanik deposits kerogen structure is rich in sulfur bound n-alkyl fragments, producing a lot of n-alkylthiophenes and benzothiophenes under pyrolysis.

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35

Bushnev, D. "Anoxic basins organic matter geochemistry." Vestnik of geosciences, no. 2 (April 25, 2022): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2022.2.1.

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The paleo-anoxic events influence on the accumulation of organic matter in carbonaceous marine sediments is considered. Aryl carotenoids derivatives found in bitumoids of the Upper Jurassic oil shales of the Russian Plate, Domanik deposits of the Pechora Basin, and other sequences indicate the photic zone anoxia of paleobasin waters. Dissolved hydrogen sulfide interacts with lipids and carbohydrates of the original organic matter and forms a wide range of soluble and high-molecular sulfur compounds. The analysis of the pyrolysis products composition of Jurassic oil shale sulfur-rich kerogen indicates a significant proportion of sulfur bound sugars in structure, as well as the formation of polysulfur bound n-alkyl fragments. The Domanik deposits kerogen structure is rich in sulfur bound n-alkyl fragments, producing a lot of n-alkylthiophenes and benzothiophenes under pyrolysis.

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36

Golding, C. J., R. J. Smernik, and G. F. Birch. "Characterisation of sedimentary organic matter from three south-eastern Australian estuaries using solid-state 13C-NMR techniques." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 3 (2004): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03167.

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Solid state 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to characterise sedimentary organic matter sampled from three estuaries on the central New South Wales coast (Australia). Cross polarisation (CP) and Bloch decay (BD) experiments were used to determine the chemical composition of the samples. These experiments indicated that, although the natural organic matter is predominately terrestrial in origin, the proportion of carbon existing as aromatic carbon, distinctive of vascular plants, decreases towards the mouth of the estuaries. This suggests that the relative contribution of terrestrial and marine source material largely defines the character of estuarine organic matter. Substantial amounts of charcoal were identified in sedimentary organic matter close to recent bushfire activity. Proton-spin relaxation editing (PSRE) was used to probe the physical structure of the sedimentary organic matter at the sub-micron scale. This technique showed that the organic matter was heterogeneous, providing support for a popular model of sedimentary organic matter structure. However, detailed interpretation of the domain structure of the organic matter was hindered by the presence of multiple components from both terrestrial and marine sources.

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Hansell, Dennis A., and Mónica V. Orellana. "Dissolved Organic Matter in the Global Ocean: A Primer." Gels 7, no. 3 (August 28, 2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7030128.

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Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) holds ~660 billion metric tons of carbon, making it one of Earth’s major carbon reservoirs that is exchangeable with the atmosphere on annual to millennial time scales. The global ocean scale dynamics of the pool have become better illuminated over the past few decades, and those are very briefly described here. What is still far from understood is the dynamical control on this pool at the molecular level; in the case of this Special Issue, the role of microgels is poorly known. This manuscript provides the global context of a large pool of marine DOM upon which those missing insights can be built.

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Nelson, Norman B., and David A. Siegel. "The Global Distribution and Dynamics of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter." Annual Review of Marine Science 5, no. 1 (January 3, 2013): 447–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120710-100751.

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39

Meskhidze, N., J. Xu, B. Gantt, Y. Zhang, A. Nenes, S. J. Ghan, X. Liu, R. Easter, and R. Zaveri. "Global distribution and climate forcing of marine organic aerosol – Part 1: Model improvements and evaluation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 18853–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-18853-2011.

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Abstract. Marine organic aerosol emissions have been implemented and evaluated within the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR)'s Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's 7-mode Modal Aerosol Module (MAM-7). Emissions of marine primary organic aerosols (POA), phytoplankton-produced isoprene- and monoterpenes-derived secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and methane sulfonate (MS−) are shown to affect surface concentrations of organic aerosols in remote marine regions. Global emissions of submicron marine POA is estimated to be 7.9 and 9.4 Tg yr−1, for the Gantt et al. (2011) and Vignati et al. (2010) emission parameterizations, respectively. Marine sources of SOA and particulate MS− (containing both sulfur and carbon atoms) contribute an additional 0.2 and 5.1 Tg yr−1, respectively. Widespread areas over productive waters of the Northern Atlantic, Northern Pacific, and the Southern Ocean show marine-source submicron organic aerosol surface concentrations of 100 ng m−3, with values up to 400 ng m−3 over biologically productive areas. Comparison of long-term surface observations of water insoluble organic matter (WIOM) with POA concentrations from the two emission parameterizations shows that both Gantt et al. (2011) and Vignati et al. (2010) formulations are able to capture the magnitude of marine organic aerosol concentrations, with the Gantt et al. (2011) parameterization attaining better seasonality. Model simulations show that the mixing state of the marine POA can impact the surface number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The largest increases (up to 20 %) in CCN (at a supersaturation (S) of 0.2 %) number concentration are obtained over biologically productive ocean waters when marine organic aerosol is assumed to be externally mixed with sea-salt. Assuming marine organics are internally-mixed with sea-salt provides diverse results with increase and decrease in the concentration of CCN over different parts of the ocean. The sign of the CCN change due to the addition of marine organics to sea-salt aerosol is determined by the relative significance of the increase in mean modal diameter due to addition of mass, and the decrease in particle hygroscopicity due to compositional changes in marine aerosol. Based on emerging evidence for increased CCN concentration over biologically active surface ocean areas/periods, our study suggests that treatment of sea spray in global climate models (GCMs) as an internal mixture of marine organic aerosols and sea-salt will likely lead to an underestimation in CCN number concentration.

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40

Mendoza, Amaia, Galder Kortaberria, Florencio F. Marzo, Ugo Mayor, Oihane C. Basurko, and Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. "Solvent-Based Elimination of Organic Matter from Marine-Collected Plastics." Environments 8, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8070068.

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The physical-chemical characterization of plastic litter from the marine environment requires the prior removal of the biofouling attached to their surface without causing any degradation in the polymer. The absence of a standardized protocol for digesting biofouling and organic matter of both macro and microplastic samples extracted from seawater has been the main motivation for this research work, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different solvents (hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, a commercial enzymatic detergent, and potassium hydroxide) for the digestion of organic matter and biofouling in different samples recovered from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coast. Moreover, the potential effect of those solvents on the physical-chemical structure of polymers, four virgin plastic reference materials (low-density polyethylene, polyamide, poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene) without any type of prior degradation has been characterized in terms of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical microscopy. Results indicate that the hydrogen peroxide at 15% concentration applied for one week at 40 °C is the most effective solvent for organic matter and biofouling removal, without causing any apparent damage on the structure of plastic samples analyzed.

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Westervelt, D. M., R. H. Moore, A. Nenes, and P. J. Adams. "Effect of primary organic sea spray emissions on cloud condensation nuclei concentrations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2011): 5757–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-5757-2011.

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Abstract. This work quantifies the primary marine organic aerosol global emission source and its impact on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations by implementing an organic sea spray source function into a series of global aerosol simulations. The source function assumes that a fraction of the sea spray emissions, depending on the local chlorophyll concentration, is organic matter in place of NaCl. Effect on CCN concentrations (at 0.2% supersaturation) is modeled using the Two-Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics algorithm coupled to the GISS II-prime general circulation model. The presence of organics affects CCN activity in competing ways: by reducing the amount of solute available in the particle and decreasing surface tension of CCN. To model surfactant effects, surface tension depression data from seawater samples taken near the Georgia coast were applied as a function of carbon concentrations. A global marine organic aerosol emission rate of 17.7 Tg C yr−1 is estimated from the simulations. Marine organics exert a localized influence on CCN(0.2%) concentrations, decreasing regional concentrations by no more than 5% and by less than 0.5% over most of the globe. The decrease in CCN concentrations results from the fact that the decrease in particle solute concentration outweighs the organic surfactant effects. The low sensitivity of CCN(0.2%) to the marine organic emissions is likely due to the small compositional changes: the mass fraction of OA in accumulation mode aerosol increases by only 15% in a biologically active region of the Southern Ocean.

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Ceburnis, D., A. Garbaras, S. Szidat, M. Rinaldi, S. Fahrni, N. Perron, L. Wacker, et al. "Quantification of the carbonaceous matter origin in submicron marine aerosol particles by dual carbon isotope analysis." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 1 (January 24, 2011): 2749–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-2749-2011.

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Abstract. Dual carbon isotope analysis has been performed for the first time demonstrating a potential in organic matter apportionment between three principal sources: marine, terrestrial (non-fossil) and fossil fuel due to unique isotopic signatures. The results presented here, utilising combinations of dual carbon isotope analysis, provides a conclusive evidence of a dominant biogenic organic fraction to organic aerosol over biologically active oceans. In particular, the NE Atlantic, which is also subjected to notable anthropogenic influences via pollution transport processes, was found to contain 80% organic aerosol matter of biogenic origin directly linked to plankton emissions. The remaining carbonaceous aerosol was of fossil-fuel origin. By contrast, for polluted air advecting out from Europe into the NE Atlantic, the source apportionment is 30% marine biogenic, 40% fossil fuel, and 30% continental non-fossil fuel. The dominant marine organic aerosol source in the atmosphere has significant implications for climate change feedback processes.

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Klun, Katja, Primož Šket, Alfred Beran, Ingrid Falnoga, and Jadran Faganeli. "Composition of Colloidal Organic Matter in Phytoplankton Exudates." Water 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010111.

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The colloidal organic matter (COM) was isolated from the exudates of three cultured phytoplonkters, namely the chlophyte nanoflagellate Tetraselmis sp., the diatom Chaetoceros socialis and the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, from the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea). The isolation of COM was performed by ultrafiltration with molecular weight cut-off membranes of 5 kDa and final desalinisation by dialysis. The composition of the COM was characterised using C elemental analysis and 1H NMR spectroscopy and compared with COM isolated from a marine sample from the same area (Gulf of Trieste). By using 1H NMR spectroscopy, it was possible to semi-quantitatively determine the concentrations of the main biochemical constituents present in the COM samples. The results showed that the phytoplankton COM was predominantly composed of polysaccharides, with minor contributions from proteins and especially lipids. Therefore, the phytoplankton COM mainly contributes to the marine COM pool in the polysaccharide fraction and less in the protein and lipid fractions.

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Kita, Itsuro, Makoto Kojima, Hidenao Hasegawa, Shun Chiyonobu, and Tokiyuki Sato. "Mercury content as a new indicator of ocean stratification and primary productivity in Quaternary sediments off Bahama Bank in the Caribbean Sea." Quaternary Research 80, no. 3 (November 2013): 606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.08.006.

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We report the first evidence of Hg content in marine sediments changing in connection with the climate-driven changes in ocean stratification during the Quaternary Period based on core samples from ODP Hole 1006A off Great Bahama Bank in the Caribbean Sea. The Hg content ranged from 5.9 to 60.7 ng/g with an average value of 33.1 ng/g during 350 and 1330 ka and changed inversely with δ18Oplanktonic values. The change in Hg content was positively correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) content, indicating connections between the δ15Norg and δ13Corg values of organic matter and the absolute abundance of a deep-dwelling calcareous nannoplankton (Florisphaera profunda). The marine Hg is thought to have been incorporated into the organic matter produced by deep-dwelling phytoplankton. Based on these results, we propose a mechanism by which marine Hg can collect in a thermocline formed in the stratified lower photic zone. Mercury content and nannoplankton assemblage in marine sediment provide information about the extent of stratification of the oceanic photic zone and the role of surface- and deep-dwelling phytoplankton in producing marine organic matter and changing its δ15Norg and δ13Corg values.

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Zonneveld, K. A. F., G. J. M. Versteegh, S. Kasten, T. I. Eglinton, K. C. Emeis, C. Huguet, B. P. Koch, et al. "Selective preservation of organic matter in marine environments – processes and impact on the fossil record." Biogeosciences Discussions 6, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 6371–440. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-6371-2009.

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Abstract. The present paper is the result of a workshop sponsored by the Research Centre Ocean Margins, the International Graduate College EUROPROX and the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar Research. The workshop brought together specialists on organic matter degradation and on proxy-based environmental reconstruction. The paper deals with the main theme of the workshop, understanding the impact of selective degradation/preservation of organic matter (OM) in marine sediments on the interpretation of the fossil record. Special attention is paid to (A) the influence of the molecular composition of OM in relation to the biological and physical depositional environment, including new methods for determining complex organic biomolecules, (B) the impact of selective OM preservation on the interpretation of proxies for marine palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatic reconstruction, and (C) past marine productivity and selective preservation in sediments.

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46

Ceburnis, D., A. Garbaras, S. Szidat, M. Rinaldi, S. Fahrni, N. Perron, L. Wacker, et al. "Quantification of the carbonaceous matter origin in submicron marine aerosol by <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>14</sup>C isotope analysis." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 16 (August 23, 2011): 8593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8593-2011.

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Abstract. Dual carbon isotope analysis of marine aerosol samples has been performed for the first time demonstrating a potential in organic matter apportionment between three principal sources: marine, terrestrial (non-fossil) and fossil fuel due to unique isotopic signatures. The results presented here, utilising combinations of dual carbon isotope analysis, provides conclusive evidence of a dominant biogenic organic fraction to organic aerosol over biologically active oceans. In particular, the NE Atlantic, which is also subjected to notable anthropogenic influences via pollution transport processes, was found to contain 80 % organic aerosol matter of biogenic origin directly linked to plankton emissions. The remaining carbonaceous aerosol was of terrestrial origin. By contrast, for polluted air advected out from Europe into the NE Atlantic, the source apportionment is 30 % marine biogenic, 40 % fossil fuel, and 30 % continental non-fossil fuel. The dominant marine organic aerosol source in the atmosphere has significant implications for climate change feedback processes.

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Alber, Merryl, and Ivan Valiela. "Biochemical composition of organic aggregates produced from marine macrophyte-derived dissolved organic matter." Limnology and Oceanography 39, no. 3 (May 1994): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1994.39.3.0717.

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Angelidis, Michael O. "The impact of urban effluents on the coastal marine environment of Mediterranean islands." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 9-10 (November 1, 1995): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0673.

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The impact of the urban effluents of Mytilene (Lesvos island, Greece) on the receiving coastal marine environment, was evaluated by studying the quality of the city effluents (BOD5, COD, SS, heavy metals) and the marine sediments (grain size, organic matter, heavy metals). It was found that the urban effluents of Mytilene contain high organic matter and suspended particle load because of septage discharge into the sewerage network. Furthermore, although the city does not host important industrial activity, its effluents contain appreciable metal load, which is mainly associated with the particulate phase. The city effluents are discharged into the coastal marine environment and their colloidal and particulate matter after flocculation settles to the bottom, where is incorporated into the sediments. Over the years, the accumulation of organic matter and metals into the harbour mud has created a non-point pollution source in the relatively non-polluted coastal marine environment of the island. Copper and Zn were the metals which presented the higher enrichment in the sediments of the inner harbour of Mytilene.

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49

Meskhidze, N., J. Xu, B. Gantt, Y. Zhang, A. Nenes, S. J. Ghan, X. Liu, R. Easter, and R. Zaveri. "Global distribution and climate forcing of marine organic aerosol: 1. Model improvements and evaluation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 22 (November 23, 2011): 11689–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11689-2011.

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Abstract. Marine organic aerosol emissions have been implemented and evaluated within the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR)'s Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's 7-mode Modal Aerosol Module (MAM-7). Emissions of marine primary organic aerosols (POA), phytoplankton-produced isoprene- and monoterpenes-derived secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and methane sulfonate (MS−) are shown to affect surface concentrations of organic aerosols in remote marine regions. Global emissions of submicron marine POA is estimated to be 7.9 and 9.4 Tg yr−1, for the Gantt et al. (2011) and Vignati et al. (2010) emission parameterizations, respectively. Marine sources of SOA and particulate MS− (containing both sulfur and carbon atoms) contribute an additional 0.2 and 5.1 Tg yr−1, respectively. Widespread areas over productive waters of the Northern Atlantic, Northern Pacific, and the Southern Ocean show marine-source submicron organic aerosol surface concentrations of 100 ng m−3, with values up to 400 ng m−3 over biologically productive areas. Comparison of long-term surface observations of water insoluble organic matter (WIOM) with POA concentrations from the two emission parameterizations shows that despite revealed discrepancies (often more than a factor of 2), both Gantt et al. (2011) and Vignati et al. (2010) formulations are able to capture the magnitude of marine organic aerosol concentrations, with the Gantt et al. (2011) parameterization attaining better seasonality. Model simulations show that the mixing state of the marine POA can impact the surface number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The largest increases (up to 20%) in CCN (at a supersaturation (S) of 0.2%) number concentration are obtained over biologically productive ocean waters when marine organic aerosol is assumed to be externally mixed with sea-salt. Assuming marine organics are internally-mixed with sea-salt provides diverse results with increases and decreases in the concentration of CCN over different parts of the ocean. The sign of the CCN change due to the addition of marine organics to sea-salt aerosol is determined by the relative significance of the increase in mean modal diameter due to addition of mass, and the decrease in particle hygroscopicity due to compositional changes in marine aerosol. Based on emerging evidence for increased CCN concentration over biologically active surface ocean areas/periods, our study suggests that treatment of sea spray in global climate models (GCMs) as an internal mixture of marine organic aerosols and sea-salt will likely lead to an underestimation in CCN number concentration.

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Keil, R. G., and J. I. Hedges. "Sorption of organic matter to mineral surfaces and the preservation of organic matter in coastal marine sediments." Chemical Geology 107, no. 3-4 (July 1993): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90215-5.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Marine organic matter'

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