Academic literature on the topic 'Marine Oceanic Processes (excl. climate related)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Marine Oceanic Processes (excl. climate related)"
1
Ussher, Simon J., Eric P. Achterberg, and Paul J. Worsfold. "Marine Biogeochemistry of Iron." Environmental Chemistry 1, no. 2 (2004): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en04053.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental Context. Several trace elements are essential to the growth of microorganisms, iron being arguably the most important. Marine microorganisms, which affect the global carbon cycle and consequently indirectly influence the world’s climate, are therefore sensitive to the presence of iron. This link means iron-related oceanic processes are a significant ecological and political issue. Abstract. The importance of the role of iron as a limiting micronutrient for primary production in the World Ocean has become increasingly clear following large-scale in situ iron fertilization experiments in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions.[1] This has led to intensive international research with the aim of understanding the marine biogeochemistry of iron and quantifying the spatial distribution and transport of the element in the oceans. Recent studies have benefited from improved trace metal handling protocols and sensitive analytical techniques, but uncertainties remain concerning fundamental processes such as redox transfer, solubility, adsorption, biological uptake, and remineralization. This review summarizes our present knowledge of iron biogeochemistry. It begins with a discussion of the effects of the physicochemical speciation of iron in seawater from a thermodynamic perspective, including important topics such as inorganic and organic complexation and redox chemistry. This is followed by an overview of the fluxes of iron to the ocean interface and a description of iron cycling within the open ocean water column. Current uncertainties of iron biogeochemistry are highlighted and suggestions of future work provided.
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Cartapanis, O., K. Tachikawa, O. E. Romero, and E. Bard. "Persistent millennial-scale link between Greenland climate and northern Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone under interglacial conditions." Climate of the Past 10, no. 1 (February 27, 2014): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-405-2014.
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Abstract. The intensity and/or extent of the northeastern Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) varied in-phase with the Northern Hemisphere high latitude climate on millennial timescales during the last glacial period, indicating the occurrence of atmospheric and oceanic connections under glacial conditions. While millennial variability was reported for both the Greenland and the northern Atlantic Ocean during the last interglacial period, the climatic connections with the northeastern Pacific OMZ has not yet been observed under warm interglacial conditions. Here we present a new geochemical dataset, spanning the past 120 ka, for major components (terrigenous fraction, marine organic matter, biogenic opal, and carbonates) generated by X-ray fluorescence scanning alongside with biological productivity and redox sensitive trace element content (Mo, Ni, Cd) of sediment core MD02-2508 at 23° N, retrieved from the northern limit of the modern OMZ. Based on elemental ratios Si / Ti (proxy for opal), Cd / Al and Ni / Al, we suggest that biological productivity was high during the last interglacial (MIS5). Highly resolved opal reconstruction presents millennial variability corresponding to all the Dansgaard-Oeschger interstadial events over the last interglacial, while the Mo / Al ratio indicates reduced oxygenation during these events. Extremely high opal content during warm interstadials suggests high diatom productivity. Despite the different climatic and oceanic background between glacial and interglacial periods, rapid variability in the northeastern Pacific OMZ seems to be tightly related to Northern Hemisphere high latitude climate via atmospheric and possibly oceanic processes.
3
Oliveira, Dulce, Stephanie Desprat, Teresa Rodrigues, Filipa Naughton, David Hodell, Ricardo Trigo, Marta Rufino, Cristina Lopes, Fatima Abrantes, and Maria Fernanda Sánchez Goni. "The complexity of millennial-scale variability in southwestern Europe during MIS 11." Quaternary Research 86, no. 3 (November 2016): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2016.09.002.
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AbstractClimatic variability of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 is examined using a new high-resolution direct land—sea comparison from the SW Iberian margin Site U1385. This study, based on pollen and biomarker analyses, documents regional vegetation, terrestrial climate and sea surface temperature (SST) variability. Suborbital climate variability is revealed by a series of forest decline events suggesting repeated cooling and drying episodes in SW Iberia throughout MIS 11. Only the most severe events on land are coeval with SST decreases, under larger ice volume conditions. Our study shows that the diverse expression (magnitude, character and duration) of the millennial-scale cooling events in SW Europe relies on atmospheric and oceanic processes whose predominant role likely depends on baseline climate states. Repeated atmospheric shifts recalling the positive North Atlantic Oscillation mode, inducing dryness in SW Iberia without systematical SST changes, would prevail during low ice volume conditions. In contrast, disruption of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), related to iceberg discharges, colder SST and increased hydrological regime, would be responsible for the coldest and driest episodes of prolonged duration in SW Europe.
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Cartapanis, O., K. Tachikawa, O. E. Romero, and E. Bard. "Persistent millennial-scale link between Greenland climate and northern Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone under interglacial conditions." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 4 (July 11, 2013): 3919–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-3919-2013.
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Abstract. The intensity and/or extent of the northeastern Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) varied in-phase with the Northern Hemisphere high latitude climate on millennial timescales during the last glacial period, indicating the presence of atmospheric and oceanic connections under glacial conditions. While millennial variability was observed for both the Greenland ice core and the northern Atlantic during the last interglacial period, the relationship with the northeastern Pacific OMZ has not yet been observed under warm interglacial conditions. Here we present a~new geochemical dataset, spanning the past 120 kyr, for major components (terrigenous fraction, marine organic matter, biogenic opal, and carbonates) by X-ray fluorescence scanning alongside with biological productivity and redox sensitive trace element content (Mo, Ni, Cd) of sediment core MD02-2508 at 23° N, retrieved from the northern limit of the modern OMZ. We evidenced high biological productivity from opal based on Si/Ti, and from Cd/Al, and Ni/Al ratios during last interglacial period. Highly resolved opal reconstruction presents millennial variability corresponding to all the Dansgaard–Oeschger interstadial events over the last interglacial, while the Mo/Al ratio indicates reduced oxygenation during these intervals. Extremely high opal content during warm interstadials suggests high diatom productivity. Despite the different climatic and oceanic background between glacial and interglacial periods, rapid variability in the northeastern Pacific OMZ seems to be tightly related to Northern Hemisphere high latitude climate mainly via atmospheric processes.
5
Takashima, Hisahiro, Yugo Kanaya, Saki Kato, Martina M. Friedrich, Michel Van Roozendael, Fumikazu Taketani, Takuma Miyakawa, et al. "Full latitudinal marine atmospheric measurements of iodine monoxide." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 6 (March 31, 2022): 4005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4005-2022.
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Abstract. Iodine compounds destroy ozone (O3) in the global troposphere and form new aerosols, thereby affecting the global radiative balance. However, few reports have described the latitudinal distribution of atmospheric iodine compounds. This work reports iodine monoxide (IO) measurements taken over unprecedented sampling areas from the Arctic to the Southern Hemisphere and spanning sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of approximately 0 to 31.5 ∘C. The highest IO concentrations were observed over the Western Pacific warm pool (WPWP), where O3 minima were also measured. There, a negative correlation was found between O3 and IO mixing ratios at extremely low O3 concentrations. This correlation is not explained readily by the O3-dependent oceanic fluxes of photolabile inorganic iodine compounds, which is the dominant source in recent global-scale chemistry transport models representing iodine chemistry. Actually, the correlation rather implies that O3-independent pathways can be similarly important in the WPWP. The O3-independent fluxes result in a 15 % greater O3 loss than that estimated for O3-dependent processes alone. The daily O3 loss rate related to iodine over the WPWP is as high as approximately 2 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) despite low O3 concentrations of approximately 10 ppbv, with the loss being up to 100 % greater than that without iodine. This finding suggests that warming SST driven by climate change might affect the marine atmospheric chemical balance through iodine–ozone chemistry.
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Hardy, William, Aurélie Penaud, Fabienne Marret, Germain Bayon, Tania Marsset, and Laurence Droz. "Dinocyst assemblage constraints on oceanographic and atmospheric processes in the eastern equatorial Atlantic over the last 44 kyr." Biogeosciences 13, no. 16 (August 29, 2016): 4823–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4823-2016.
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Abstract. A new 44 kyr long record of dinoflagellate (phytoplanktonic organisms) cysts (dinocysts) is presented from a marine sediment core collected on the Congolese margin with the aim of reconstructing past hydrological changes in the equatorial eastern Atlantic Ocean since Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 3. Our high-resolution dinocyst record indicates that significant temperature and moisture variations occurred across the glacial period, the last deglaciation and the Holocene. The use of specific dinocyst taxa, indicative of fluvial, upwelling and Benguela Current past environments for instance, provides insights into the main forcing mechanisms controlling palaeohydrological changes on orbital timescales. In particular, we are able, for the last 44 kyr, to correlate fluvial-sensitive taxa to monsoonal mechanisms related to precession minima–obliquity maxima combinations. While upwelling mechanisms appear as the main drivers for dinoflagellate productivity during MIS 2, dissolved nutrient-enriched Congo River inputs to the ocean also played a significant role in promoting dinoflagellate productivity between approximately 15.5 and 5 ka BP. Finally, this high-resolution dinocyst study permits us to precisely investigate the suborbital timing of the last glacial–interglacial termination, including an atypical warm and wet oceanic LGM signature, northern high-latitude abrupt climate change impacts in the equatorial eastern Atlantic, as well as a two-step decrease in moisture conditions during the Holocene at around 7–6 and 4–3.5 ka BP.
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Liu, Ting, Jianping Li, Cheng Sun, Tao Lian, and Yazhou Zhang. "Impact of the April–May SAM on Central Pacific Ocean sea temperature over the following three seasons." Climate Dynamics 57, no. 3-4 (March 27, 2021): 775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05738-4.
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AbstractAlthough the impact of the extratropical Pacific signal on the El Niño–Southern Oscillation has attracted increasing concern, the impact of Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM)-related signals from outside the southern Pacific Basin on the equatorial sea temperature has received less attention. This study explores the lead correlation between the April–May (AM) SAM and central tropical Pacific sea temperature variability over the following three seasons. For the positive AM SAM case, the related simultaneous warm SST anomalies in the southeastern Indian Ocean favor significant regulation of vertical circulation in the Indian Ocean with anomalous ascending motion in the tropics. This can further enhance convection over the Marine Continent, which induces a significant horizontal Kelvin response and regulates the vertical Walker circulation. These two processes both result in the anomalous easterlies east of 130° E in the equatorial Pacific during AM. These easterly anomalies favor oceanic upwelling and eastward propagation of the cold water into the central Pacific. The cold water in turn amplifies the development of the easterly wind and further maintains the cold water into the boreal winter. The results presented here not only provide a possible link between extratropical climate variability in the Indian Ocean and climate variation in the equatorial Pacific, but also shed new light on the short-term prediction of tropical central Pacific sea temperature.
8
Björck, Svante, Jesper Sjolte, Karl Ljung, Florian Adolphi, Roger Flower, Rienk H. Smittenberg, Malin E. Kylander, et al. "A South Atlantic island record uncovers shifts in westerlies and hydroclimate during the last glacial." Climate of the Past 15, no. 6 (November 15, 2019): 1939–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1939-2019.
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Abstract. Changes in the latitudinal position and strength of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies (SHW) are thought to be tightly coupled to important climate processes, such as cross-equatorial heat fluxes, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the bipolar seesaw, Southern Ocean ventilation and atmospheric CO2 levels. However, many uncertainties regarding magnitude, direction, and causes and effects of past SHW shifts still exist due to lack of suitable sites and scarcity of information on SHW dynamics, especially from the last glacial. Here we present a detailed hydroclimate multiproxy record from a 36.4–18.6 kyr old lake sediment sequence on Nightingale Island (NI). It is strategically located at 37∘ S in the central South Atlantic (SA) within the SHW belt and situated just north of the marine Subtropical Front (SF). This has enabled us to assess hydroclimate changes and their link to the regional climate development as well as to large-scale climate events in polar ice cores. The NI record exhibits a continuous impact of the SHW, recording shifts in both position and strength, and between 36 and 31 ka the westerlies show high latitudinal and strength-wise variability possibly linked to the bipolar seesaw. This was followed by 4 kyr of slightly falling temperatures, decreasing humidity and fairly southerly westerlies. After 27 ka temperatures decreased 3–4 ∘C, marking the largest hydroclimate change with drier conditions and a variable SHW position. We note that periods with more intense and southerly-positioned SHW seem to be related to periods of increased CO2 outgassing from the ocean, while changes in the cross-equatorial gradient during large northern temperature changes appear as the driving mechanism for the SHW shifts. Together with coeval shifts of the South Pacific westerlies, our results show that most of the Southern Hemisphere experienced simultaneous atmospheric circulation changes during the latter part of the last glacial. Finally we can conclude that multiproxy lake records from oceanic islands have the potential to record atmospheric variability coupled to large-scale climate shifts over vast oceanic areas.
9
Shi, Ning, Lydie M. Dupont, Hans-Jürgen Beug, and Ralph Schneider. "Correlation between Vegetation in Southwestern Africa and Oceanic Upwelling in the Past 21,000 Years." Quaternary Research 54, no. 1 (July 2000): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2145.
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Dinoflagellate cyst and pollen records from marine sediments off the southwestern African coast reveal three major aridification periods since the last glaciation and an environmental correlation between land and sea. Abundant pollen of desert, semi-desert, and temperate plants 21,000–17,500 cal yr B.P. show arid and cold conditions in southwestern Africa that correspond to low sea surface temperatures and enhanced upwelling shown by dinoflagellate cysts. Occurrence of Restionaceae in the pollen record suggests northward movement of the winter-rain regime that influenced the study area during the last glacial maximum. Decline of Asteroideae, Restionaceae, and Ericaceae in the pollen record shows that temperate vegetation migrated out of the study area about 17,500 cal yr B.P., probably because of warming during the last deglaciation. The warming in southwestern Africa was associated with weakened upwelling and increased sea surface temperatures, 2000–2800 years earlier than in the Northern Hemisphere. Aridification 14,300–12,600 cal yr B.P. is characterized by a prominent increase of desert and semi-desert pollen without the return of temperate vegetation. This aridification corresponds to enhanced upwelling off Namibia and cooler temperatures in Antarctica, and it might have been influenced by oceanic thermohaline circulation. Aridification 11,000–8900 cal yr B.P. is out of phase with the northern African climate. Reduction of the water vapor supply in southwestern Africa at that time may be related to northward excursions of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
10
Häussermann, Verena, Carolina S. Gutstein, Michael Beddington, David Cassis, Carlos Olavarria, Andrew C. Dale, Ana M. Valenzuela-Toro, et al. "Largest baleen whale mass mortality during strong El Niño event is likely related to harmful toxic algal bloom." PeerJ 5 (May 31, 2017): e3123. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3123.
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While large mass mortality events (MMEs) are well known for toothed whales, they have been rare in baleen whales due to their less gregarious behavior. Although in most cases the cause of mortality has not been conclusively identified, some baleen whale mortality events have been linked to bio-oceanographic conditions, such as harmful algal blooms (HABs). In Southern Chile, HABs can be triggered by the ocean–atmosphere phenomenon El Niño. The frequency of the strongest El Niño events is increasing due to climate change. In March 2015, by far the largest reported mass mortality of baleen whales took place in a gulf in Southern Chile. Here, we show that the synchronous death of at least 343, primarily sei whales can be attributed to HABs during a building El Niño. Although considered an oceanic species, the sei whales died while feeding near to shore in previously unknown large aggregations. This provides evidence of new feeding grounds for the species. The combination of older and newer remains of whales in the same area indicate that MMEs have occurred more than once in recent years. Large HABs and reports of marine mammal MMEs along the Northeast Pacific coast may indicate similar processes in both hemispheres. Increasing MMEs through HABs may become a serious concern in the conservation of endangered whale species.