Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marine habitat'
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Stevens, Tim, and n/a. "Mapping Benthic Habitats for Representation in Marine Protected Areas." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040303.124815.
Full textStevens, Tim. "Mapping Benthic Habitats for Representation in Marine Protected Areas." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367557.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental and Applied Science
Full Text
Garpe, Kajsa. "Effects of habitat structure on tropical fish assemblages." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Zoology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6767.
Full textRates of habitat alteration and degradation are increasing worldwide due to anthropogenic influence. On coral reefs, the loss of live coral reduces structural complexity while facilitating algal increase. In many coastal lagoons seagrass and corals are cleared to make room for cultivated macroalgae. This thesis deals with reef and lagoon habitat structure and how fish assemblage patterns may be related to physical and biological features of the habitat. It further examines assemblage change following habitat disturbance. Four studies on East African coral reefs concluded that both the abundance and species richness of recruit and adult coral reef fish were largely predicted by the presence of live coral cover and structural complexity (Papers I-III, VI). Typically, recruits were more selective than adults, as manifested by limited distributions to degraded sites. Paper VI compared short- and long-term responses of fish assemblages to the 1997-1998 bleaching event. The short-term response to coral mortality included the loss of coral dwelling species in favour of species which feed on algae or associated detrital resources. Counterintuitively, fish abundance and taxonomic richness increased significantly at one of two sites shortly after the bleaching. However, the initial increase was later reversed and six years after the death of the coral, only a limited number of fish remained. The influence of fleshy algae on fish assemblages was studied in algal farms (Paper IV), and examined experimentally (Paper V). The effects of algal farming in Zanzibar were significant. Meanwhile, manually clearing algal-dominated patch reefs in Belize from macroalgae resulted in short-term increases of abundance, biomass and activity of a few species, including major herbivores. The findings of this thesis demonstrate the significance of habitat as a structuring factor for tropical fish assemblages and predicts that coral death, subsequent erosion and algal overgrowth may have substantial deleterious impacts on fish assemblage composition, abundance and taxonomic richness, with recovery being slow and related to the recovery of the reef framework.
Breen, P. A. "Habitat-Based Spatial Planning for Marine Reserves." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527664.
Full textChristensen, Ole. "SUSHIMAP (Survey strategy and methodology for marine habitat mapping)." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1916.
Full textBathymetrical mapping performed using multibeam sonar systems is widely used in marine science and for habitat mapping. The incoherent part of the multibeam data, the backscatter data, is less commonly used. Automatic classification of processed backscatter has a correlates well with three sediment classes, defined as fine-(clay-silt), medium- (sand) and coarse- (gravel–till) grained substrates. This relation is used directly as a theme in a modified habitat classification scheme, while a more detailed substrate classification is incorporated as another theme. This theme requires a manual interpretation and comprehensive knowledge of the substrate. This can partly be obtained by a newly developed technique using the backscatter strength plotted against the grazing angle. These plots make it possible to determine the critical angle and thereby calculate the compressional acoustic speed in seabed sediments. Marching a theoretical modeled backscatter curve to the measured backscatter strength at lower grazing angles provides estimates of four additional geoacoustic parameters.
Yamagata, Yuko. "Iron isotopic signatures for marine animals of various habitat." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242621.
Full textau, M. Wildsmith@murdoch edu, and Michelle Wildsmith. "Relationships between benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and habitat types in nearshore marine and estuarine waters along the lower west coast of Australia." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081029.93910.
Full textWilson, Jacqueline A. "Habitat quality, competition, and recruitment processes in two marine gobies." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004180.
Full textMoeller, Holly Villacorta. "On the economic optimality of marine reserves when fishing damages habitat." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57574.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-127).
In this thesis, I expand a spatially-explicit bioeconomic fishery model to include the negative effects of fishing effort on habitat quality. I consider two forms of effort driven habitat damage: First, fishing effort may directly increase individual mortality rates. Second, fishing effort may increase competition between individuals, thereby increasing density-dependent mortality rates. I then optimize effort distribution and fish stock density according to three management cases: (1) a sole owner, with jurisdiction over the entire fishery, who seeks to maximize profit by optimizing effort distribution; (2) a manager with limited control of effort and stock distributions, who seeks to maximize tax revenue by setting the length of a single, central reserve and a uniform tax per unit effort outside it; and (3) a manager with even more limited enforcement power, who can only set a tax per unit effort everywhere in the habitat space. I demonstrate that the economic efficiency of reserves depends upon model parameterization. In particular, reserves are most likely to increase profit (or tax revenue) when density-dependent fish mortality rates are affected. Interestingly, for large habitats that are sufficiently sensitive to density-dependent fish mortality effects, reserve networks (alternating fished and unshed areas of fixed periodicity) emerge. These results suggest that spatial forms of management which include marine reserves may enable signicant economic gains over nonspatial management strategies, in addition to the well-established conservation benefits provided by closed areas.
by Holly Villacorta Moeller.
S.M.
Pile, Adele J. "Effects of the Habitat and Size-Specific Predation on the Ontogenetic Shift in Habitat use by Newly Settled Blue Crabs, Callinectes sapidus." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617655.
Full textMarshall, Livingston Sinclair Jr. "Survival of juvenile queen conch, Strombus gigas, in natural habitats: Impact of prey, predator and habitat features." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616765.
Full textOrav-Kotta, Helen. "Habitat choice and feeding activity of benthic suspension feeders and mesograzers in the northern Baltic Sea /." Tartu, Estonia : Tartu University Press, 2004. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/489/5/Kotta.pdf.
Full textHaley, Craig. "Habitat association and distribution of Nauticaris marionis at the Sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20471.
Full textZobrist, Erick Christian. "The Influence of Post-Settlement Mortality on Recruitment Patterns in a Soft-Bottom Habitat." W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617590.
Full textDA, ROS ZAIRA. "Recovery and restoration of marine endangered habitats." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/274535.
Full textMarine biodiversity regulates ecosystem functions, which are responsible for the production of goods and services for the biosphere and human well-being. Global changes and human activities are altering ocean biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. At present, stemming from the awareness that conservation and management are often not enough to halt and revert the degradation of threatened ecosystems, it has been recognized that active restoration is crucial to cope with this issue. More knowledge is needed to make restoration actions effective, especially for the largely unknown deep ocean. Two of the main activities that will alter marine habitats are ore exploitation and bottom trawling that, resuspending polymetallic and sediment particles, will affect benthic species. In this thesis, the habitat-forming species Corallium rubrum was exposed to these types of particles. After the removal of the disturbance, its feeding rates and tissue integrity partially recovered. This experiment provides new insights on the consequences of these activities as well as on potential mitigation strategies by properly modulating their intensity and duration. Rearing endangered corals in aquaria can be useful for future projects that aim to restore degraded reefs by transplanting healthy colonies. An appropriate diet may positively impinge on their growth or reproduction success. In this perspective, I studied the food selection of cold-water corals (Desmophyllum pertusum, Madrepora oculata and Dendrophyllia cornigera) was studied and these species showed a preference for the crustacean Mysis relicta. Stable isotope analyses provided also novel information on the trophic niches occupied by these coral species in the Mediterranean Sea. After expanding the knowledge on the habitat or the species to be restored, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the restoration actions that it might be applied. In this thesis, the effects of two pilot transplantation experiments of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa and the gorgonian Eunicella singularis on ecosystem functioning of surrounding sediments have been studied. The results showed that transplantation can be effective and that it can have also positive effects on key-ecological processes. However, further studies are needed to assess the potential of scaling-up these actions addressing the present scale of species/habitat loss. This work provides new elements for a better understanding of the potential ecological benefits that can contribute to the conservation of the natural capital.
Langhamer, Olivia. "Wave energy conversion and the marine environment : Colonization patterns and habitat dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-107193.
Full textWyles, Kayleigh J. "Rocky shores : from habitat threat to marine awareness & well-being benefits." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3038.
Full textHaglund, Ann-Louise. "Attached Bacterial Communities in Lakes – Habitat-Specific Differences." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4627.
Full textHarwell, Heather D. "Habitat complexity and habitat function of native (Crassostrea virginica) and non-native (C. ariakensis) oysters in the Chesapeake Bay region." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616687.
Full textSchulman, Jessica L. "Habitat Complexity as a Determinant of Juvenile Blue Crab Survival." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617703.
Full textHovel, Kevin. "The effect of seagrass habitat fragmentation on juvenile blue crab survival." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616700.
Full textWyanski, David M. "Patterns of Habitat Utilization in 0-Age Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus)." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617620.
Full textSearcy, Steven Philip. "Is Growth a Reliable Indicator of Essential Fish Habitat." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11032005-100512/.
Full textBerry, Charlotte A. "Conch Population Demographics and Habitat Association Near Port Everglades Inlet, Florida." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/19.
Full textScales, Kylie Lisa. "The application of ocean front metrics for understanding habitat selection by marine predators." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3319.
Full textWood, Megan. "Juvenile Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) Response to Altered Nursery Habitat." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1499449868.
Full textHudak, Christine A. "Habitat Utilization by Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Biscayne Bay, Florida." NSUWorks, 2003. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/116.
Full textLombana, Alfonso Vollmer. "Habitat Fragmentation in Transplanted Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Beds: Effects on Decapods and Fish." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617976.
Full textJones, Alice R. "The spatio-temporal distribution and habitat associations of marine mega-vertebrates off southwest UK." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/351343/.
Full textJohnson, Andrew Frederick. "Determining the habitat requirements of demersal fish for the design of marine protected areas." Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/determining-the-habitat-requirements-of-demersal-fish-for-the-design-of-marine-protected-areas(af07034d-cf7d-4839-9c55-59fdbaf5534d).html.
Full textCicchetti, Giancarlo. "Habitat use, secondary production, and trophic export by salt marsh nekton in shallow waters." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616611.
Full textSpivak, Amanda C. "Bottom-up and top-down controls on sedimentary ecosystem functioning in a seagrass habitat." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616861.
Full textDunphy-Daly, Meagan Mná. "Temporal variation in dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima) habitat use and group size off Great Abaco Island, the Bahamas." FIU Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3101.
Full textRaw, Robert Nicolas Vause. "Population structure, site fidelity, and fine-scale habitat use of the broadnose sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianusat Pyramid rock, False Bay, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11312.
Full textThe aims of this study were to investigate elements of the demographics, fine-scale habitat use and site fidelity of sevengill sharks. The study was conducted at an aggregation hotspot within a Marine Protected Area, near Miller’s Point in False Bay, South Africa.
Garcia, Karla C. "Dean John A. Knauss Marine Policy Fellowship: An Internship with the NOAA Restoration Center." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1196262059.
Full textMatich, Philip. "Environmental and Individual Factors Shaping the Habitat Use and Trophic Interactions of Juvenile Bull Sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in a Subtropical Estuary." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1236.
Full textFrench, Emily D. "The Influence of Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima on Habitat Structure and Function in a Changing Environment in the Chesapeake Bay." W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617956.
Full textHogg, Oliver Thomas. "An integrated ecological and geophysical approach to habitat mapping and its application in marine conservation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/424752/.
Full textWilliams, Julie Marie. "Habitat Associations and Demography of Small Mammals in 4 Forest Cover Types on Quantico Marine Corps Base, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9772.
Full textMaster of Science
Fazekas, Kuyer Josiah Jr. "Effects of Coral Reef Habitat Complexity on the Community Composition and Trophic Structure of Marine Fish Assemblages in Indonesia’s Wakatobi Marine National Park." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1567514980264114.
Full textLoose, Emily L. "Seasonal Movements, Habitat Utilization, and Comparative Scale Morphology of White Marlin (Kajikia albida) and Roundscale Spearfish (Tetrapturus georgii)." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617949.
Full textWale, Matthew A. "The effects of anthropogenic noise playbacks on marine invertebrates." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2018. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1255476.
Full textAsh, Jana K. "Benthic Invertebrate Communities and Habitat Characterization of the Pourtalès Terrace, Florida with Analysis of the Deepwater Coral Habitat Areas of Particular Concern and the East Hump Marine Protected Area." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/382.
Full textDavies, Jaime Selina. "Mapping deep-sea features in UK waters for use in marine protected area network design." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1200.
Full textMachemer, Ethan G. P. "A Predictive Habitat Model for Rainbow Parrotfish Scarus guacamaia." NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/212.
Full textMoberg, Emily Alison. "Optimal bioeconomic management of changing marine resources." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106966.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Marine populations are increasingly subjected to changing conditions whether through harvest or through broad-scale habitat change. Historically, few models have accounted for such trends over time, and even fewer have been used to study how trends affect optimal harvests. I developed and analyzed several models that explore, first, endogenous change caused by harvest and, second, exogenous change from factors (such as rising ocean temperatures) outside harvesters' control. In these models, I characterized the profit-or yield-maximizing strategy when harvesting damages habitat in a multispecies fishery, when harvest creates a selective pressure on dispersal, and when rising temperatures cause changes in vital rates. I explore this last case in both deterministic and stochastic environments, and also allow the harvester to learn about unknown parameters of the stock recruitment model while harvesting. I also develop an unambiguous definition of and describe a statistical test for a shift in a species' spatial distribution. My results demonstrate that optimal harvesting strategies in a changing environment differ in important ways from optimal strategies in a constant environment.
by Emily Alison Moberg.
Ph. D.
Layman, Bruce Clare. "Role of Habitat Features and Chemical Cues in Substrate Selection by Blue Crab Megalopae: Evidence from Laboratory Experiments." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617647.
Full textRielly, Elizabeth Wheeler. "Spatial variation drives patterns of community composition and trophic relationships in a marine system." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/345225.
Full textPh.D.
Examining how ecological processes are influenced by spatial variation can provide valuable insights into how communities are formed and how they may change in dynamic landscapes. In this thesis I address three objectives surrounding the spatial and temporal variation in species’ recruitment and predation, the influence of habitat isolation on consumer-resource relationships, and the influence of habitat fragmentation on a multi-trophic system. I used marine invertebrates, specifically crustaceans, bivalves, and sessile species as a model system. First, I address the spatial and temporal variation in local and regional processes in a multispecies assemblage of marine sessile invertebrates. Using diverse communities of marine sessile invertebrates as a model system I tested the hypothesis that spatial and temporal variation in recruitment and predation would shape local communities, and that both recruitment and predation would have significant effects on the abundance and structure of adult communities. I found that both recruitment and predation vary through time and space leading to the emergence of regional community divergence. I also address how habitat isolation interacts with top-down and bottom-up processes in seagrass ecosystems. Spatial structure of the habitat may mediate top-down and bottom-up controls of species abundances through decreased habitat connectivity and increased habitat isolation. I manipulated top down and bottom up processes by excluding mesograzers, adding resources, or altering both factors in isolated and contiguous patches of artificial seagrass. I then measured epiphyte recruitment, epiphyte abundances, and macroalgae abundance. I paired this with epiphyte sampling from isolated natural seagrass patches. I found that habitat isolation significantly decreased the abundance of epiphytes settling on seagrass blades due to dispersal limitation for epiphytic invertebrates. I found that consumers had strong effects on epiphyte biomass in continuous habitats, but not isolated habitats. Resource additions increased macroalgae cover and epiphyte biomass only in isolated habitats. The results suggest that isolated habitats may be nutrient limited and that top-down effects are stronger in continuous habitats, while bottom-up effects may dominate in isolated habitats. In my third objective, I address how habitat fragmentation may alter marine food webs. I examined whether predation rates, prey, and predator behavior differed between continuous and fragmented seagrass habitat in a multi-trophic context at two sites in Barnegat Bay, NJ. I hypothesized that blue crab predation rates and foraging would decrease in fragmented seascapes, due to a reduction in adult blue crab densities, increasing survival rates of juvenile blue crabs and hard clams. I expected hard clams to exhibit weaker predator avoidance behavior in fragmented habitats because of decreased predation. I found that species’ responses to fragmentation were different based on trophic level. Clams experienced higher predation and burrowed deeper in continuous habitats at both sites. Densities of blue crabs, the primary predator of hard clams, were higher in continuous habitats at both sites. Predation on juvenile blue crabs was significantly higher in fragmented seagrass at one site. Our results suggest that in fragmented seascapes, the impact of fragmentation on higher trophic level predators may drive predation rates and prey responses across the seascape, which may lead to trophic cascades in fragmented habitats.
Temple University--Theses
Dutton, Daniel J. "Habitat Utilization and Dive Characterization of Blue Marlin (Makaira nigricans) and White Marlin (Kajikia albida) in the Western Atlantic Ocean." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617891.
Full textLegrand, Brice. "Impact des changements climatiques sur la biodiversité marine tropicale : le cas des oiseaux marins de l’océan Indien occidental." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0043.
Full textClimate change will affect terrestrial and marine ecosystems, but the consequences in terms of global biodiversity distribution are still unclear. Studies about selection of marine habitats and trends caused by global warming are growing. The telemetric monitoring provide valuable information on the spatial and temporal variability on distribution of marine predators. All the issues are very important, we have decided to focus on seabirds. The first objective of this thesis project is to study the distribution and selection of foraging habitat of tropical seabirds during their reproductive phase and during their migrations. To characterize the habitat of an abiotic point of view. The second objective of this thesis project is to use scenarios for ocean habitats produced by IPCC to simulate, using habitat models, the temporal evolution of the distribution of suitable habitat. The third objective of this thesis project is to use the available monitoring data to identify "hotspots" of biodiversity. We looked, at first, the puffins Pacific. More particularly, we studied the variations between the different colonies of the same species, from the viewpoint of the distribution, activity and habitat selection. Then we studied the impact of the evolution of climate change on wintering habitat of Barau’s Petrels (Pterodroma baraui). We built habitat selection models. These models were then used to predict the evolution of wintering habitat in 2100, according to different IPCC scenarios. Finally, we have compiled the available telemetry data on seabirds, sea turtles and marine mammals to study the distribution of marine megafauna in the Indian Ocean, and to identify hotspots of high density and high diversity. To establish, in time, protected marine areas