Relevant bibliographies by topics / Marine environment conditions

Academic literature on the topic 'Marine environment conditions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Marine environment conditions"

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M, Halafawi. "The Impact of Marine Environment on Jackup Rig Stability." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 4, no. 4 (2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000238.

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Changing the conditions of offshore environment influences the offshore units' stability. In paper, a study of the impact of marine environment on a jackup rig was implemented. Firstly, the procedures of departure, transit, and emplacement on any emergency jacking location / stand by location are reviewed. After that, the conditions of weather forecasting are predicted and computed such as wave and wind lengths, speeds, and heights. Maps of changing wind and wave conditions are plotted. Surveying methods are used to determine the final location of the jackup rig. Maps of positioning the jackup rig are constructed. Additionally, the impact forces on the rig derrick are therefore computed. The developed results are effectively predicting the safe conditions and optimizing the positioning survey of the rig.
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Chasco, Brandon, Brian Burke, Lisa Crozier, and Rich Zabel. "Differential impacts of freshwater and marine covariates on wild and hatchery Chinook salmon marine survival." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): e0246659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246659.

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Large-scale atmospheric conditions in the Northeast Pacific Ocean affect both the freshwater environment in the Columbia River Basin and marine conditions along the coasts of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, resulting in correlated conditions in the two environments. For migrating species, such as salmonids that move through multiple habitats, these correlations can amplify the impact of good or poor physical conditions on growth and survival, as movements among habitats may not alleviate effects of anomalous conditions. Unfortunately, identifying the mechanistic drivers of salmon survival in space and time is hindered by these cross-habitat correlations. To address this issue, we modeled the marine survival of Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon with multiple indices of the marine environment and an explicit treatment of the effect of arrival timing from freshwater to the ocean, and found that both habitats contribute to marine survival rates. We show how this particular carryover effect of freshwater conditions on marine survival varies by year and rearing type (hatchery or wild), with a larger effect for wild fish. As environmental conditions change, incorporating effects from both freshwater and marine habitats into salmon survival models will become more important, and has the additional benefit of highlighting how management actions that affect arrival timing may improve marine survival.
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Yin, Lili, Rubo Zhang, Hengwen Gu, and Peng Li. "Research on Cooperative Perception of MUSVs in Complex Ocean Conditions." Sensors 21, no. 5 (February 28, 2021): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051657.

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Since the working environment of Multiple Unmanned Surface Vehicles (MUSVs) is accompanied by a large number of uncertainties and various hazards, in order to ensure the collision avoidance capability of MUSVs in complex marine environments, the perception of complex marine environments by MUSVs is the first problem that needs to be solved. A cooperative perception framework with uncertain event detection, cooperative collision avoidance pattern recognition and environmental ontology model is proposed to realize the cooperative perception process of MUSVs using ontology and Bayesian network theory. The cooperative perception approach was validated by simulating experiments. Results show the effectiveness of cooperative perception approach.
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Beltrán-Sanahuja, Ana, Nuria Casado-Coy, Lorena Simó-Cabrera, and Carlos Sanz-Lázaro. "Monitoring polymer degradation under different conditions in the marine environment." Environmental Pollution 259 (April 2020): 113836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113836.

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Bisbal, Gustavo A., and Willis E. McConnaha. "Consideration of ocean conditions in the management of salmon." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 2178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-108.

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An ecologically based conceptual foundation is presented as a way to incorporate environmental variability in salmon management. The argument addresses the problem of accommodating marine environment variability through actions in freshwater. We argue for an approach that considers marine and freshwater environments as integral components of a larger salmonid ecosystem. This contrasts with previous propositions that either relied heavily on technological fixes in the freshwater environment or questioned the value of any recovery effort designed to withstand overwhelming ocean forces. Salmon management requires a more holistic approach incorporating modern understanding of the salmonid ecosystem and its variability. We suggest two strategies. The first calls for deliberate improvement of estuarine and nearshore ocean conditions through regulation of upstream flows, river operations, hatchery production, and other actions. The second calls for improving the resilience of salmon to a variable environment. This requires relaxing anthropogenic factors that hinder the natural range of salmon life history diversity within and between populations, a survival mechanism that evolved in response to changing conditions. These strategies recognize that although the ocean primarily determines overall salmon abundance, management actions, particularly in freshwater, are critical to the ability of salmon to cope with a variable ocean environment.
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Di Donato, Paola, Andrea Buono, Annarita Poli, Ilaria Finore, Gennaro Abbamondi, Barbara Nicolaus, and Licia Lama. "Exploring Marine Environments for the Identification of Extremophiles and Their Enzymes for Sustainable and Green Bioprocesses." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010149.

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Sea environments harbor a wide variety of life forms that have adapted to live in hard and sometimes extreme conditions. Among the marine living organisms, extremophiles represent a group of microorganisms that attract increasing interest in relation to their ability to produce an array of molecules that enable them to thrive in almost every marine environment. Extremophiles can be found in virtually every extreme environment on Earth, since they can tolerate very harsh environmental conditions in terms of temperature, pH, pressure, radiation, etc. Marine extremophiles are the focus of growing interest in relation to their ability to produce biotechnologically useful enzymes, the so-called extremozymes. Thanks to their resistance to temperature, pH, salt, and pollutants, marine extremozymes are promising biocatalysts for new and sustainable industrial processes, thus representing an opportunity for several biotechnological applications. Since the marine microbioma, i.e., the complex of microorganisms living in sea environments, is still largely unexplored finding new species is a central issue for green biotechnology. Here we described the main marine environments where extremophiles can be found, some existing or potential biotechnological applications of marine extremozymes for biofuels production and bioremediation, and some possible approaches for the search of new biotechnologically useful species from marine environments.
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Godfrin, Michael P., Maswazi Sihlabela, Arijit Bose, and Anubhav Tripathi. "Behavior of Marine Bacteria in Clean Environment and Oil Spill Conditions." Langmuir 34, no. 30 (July 5, 2018): 9047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01319.

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Namadi, Peyman, and Zhiqiang Deng. "Optimum environmental conditions controlling prevalence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in marine environment." Marine Environmental Research 183 (January 2023): 105828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105828.

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Petropoulos, A., I. Baziotis, Ch Anagnostou, and N. Evelpidou. "BEACHROCKS CEMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND CONDITIONS OF FORMATION. CASE STUDY PLATANIAS BEACH, CHANIA, GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 1 (July 27, 2017): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11747.

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Beachrocks represents a coastal deposition in the intertidal area, and studying their properties may lead to create a model which identifies the conditions of their formation (paleo-environment). This paper focuses most intently on the cement material which is able to recover the paleo-environment conditions during diagenesis of such coastal sediment. We used optical microscopy, secondary electron microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy to characterize the cement texture, mineralogy and chemistry in the beachrocks. The existence of pure calcite primarily controlled by the meteorite water, while Mg-calcite appears between the lowermeteoric and the upper marine phreatic zone. Finally, the presence of aragonite associated with the marine phreatic to lower marine vadose environment.
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Chou, Loke Ming. "Enhancing Marine Biodiversity in Singapore’s Urbanizing Coastal Environment." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 11, no. 11 (2020): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2020.11.11.1301.

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Urbanization of coastal cities has resulted in extensive physical modification of the coast that is commonly accompanied by habitat destruction or degradation, marine biodiversity loss and ecosystem services decline. Conversion of the natural environment to a human-modified one is often permanent, and it is important that development considerations take into account biodiversity enhancement of the ‘new’ environment. Development of biological communities in the modified environment takes time and is unlikely to return to levels once supported by the original habitats, but efforts can be made to facilitate the establishment of biodiversity that is suited to the new environmental conditions. Active interventions such as water quality management and ecological restoration can help to transform the urbanized coastal environment into a suitable biodiversity support zone. Observations of marine biodiversity in marinas and restoration of corals on artificial structures in Singapore support this prospect. Assessment of the biodiversity in three marinas indicated that they can function as marine biodiversity refugia, especially with their relatively high artificial structural complexity and when designed with basic ecological considerations to enhance marine biodiversity. Separately, reef restoration projects give rise to the possibility of colonizing seawalls with corals and other reef-associated species, as well as improving degraded reefs and creating reef communities in areas originally devoid of corals due to the heavy sediment load of urbanized coastal waters. Maintaining marine biodiversity in challenging environmental conditions resulting from urbanization can help to ensure continued provision of some level of ecosystem services.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marine environment conditions"

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James, I. "Beach-seine net fishing : an analysis of the economic conditions and environment of the fishery in False Bay." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25782.

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This paper examines the economic effects of management policies on four of the seven beach-seine net fishing operations in False Bay. The effects of past regulations are examined by assessing whether or not this industry is at present profitable. It was found that under the present management policies all fishing crews are profitable. A new policy preventing fishermen from catching white steenbras has been introduced. This was examined and it was shown that only one of the crews examined would be effected. Two proposed policies were examined to determine their impact on the sector. The first proposal aims to remove kob as a target species, however none of the crews would be significantly effected by this proposal. The second proposal aims to restrict fishing to working days, this proposal would result in collapse of two crews. Long term feasibility was examined using three models that predict the NPV of income for each crew under different assumptions. It was shown that if stocks continue to decline and white steenbras remains restricted all crews except one would collapse. If stocks improve but the catching of white steenbras remains prohibited for IO years, one of the crews will collapse. The final section assessed the validity of a proposal that the Marine Resource Fund be used to buy trek fishermen's permits, it was concluded that this is not a feasible proposal.
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Yan, Liming. "Production of antimicrobial compounds by marine epiphytic bacteria under conditions which mimic their natural environment." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/436.

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The aim of this work was to investigate the production of antimicrobial compounds by marine epiphytic bacteria. This work was carried out by devising a "niche mimic bioreactor", in which physical and chemical conditions were similar to the original ecological niche from which the bacteria were isolated. A modified roller bottle bioreactor was designed to mimic the intertidal environment and could facilitate the production of antimicrobial compounds by two marine isolates. Biofilm formation by these bacteria was found to be the key requirement for this observation. An Air- Membrane Surface (AMS) bioreactor was therefore constructed to allow growth of attached bacteria within a biofilm. A Bacillus licheniformis strain, EI-34-6, isolated from the surface of the marine alga Palmaria palmala, produced bacitracin and a red pigment when cultivated using the AMS bioreactor but not using standard shake flask cultures. Glycerol and ferric iron were necessary for the production of both antimicrobial compounds and the red pigment. Further investigation into the mechanism of this induction showed that a small amount of the cell-free spent medium from the AMS culture of this isolate could induce the corresponding shake flask culture to produce bacitracin and the red pigment. Glycerol or ferric iron was not necessary for the production of inducer compounds. Furthermore, metabolites from the shake flask culture, which had been induced to produce bacitracin and the red pigment, were able to continue to induce other non-producing shake flask cultures. In addition, a small amount of cell-free spent medium from B. subtilis DSMIOT grown using the AMS bioreactor also induced B. licheniformis strain EI-34-6 to produce bacitracin and the red pigment in shake flask cultures. However, the spent medium from B. subtilis DSMIOT shake flask culture could not elicit this production. These results suggest the presence of a biofilm specific and cross-species signalling system which can elicit, in planktonic bacterial cells, the type of metabolism normally observed in cells grown in a biofilm. Based on this discovery, the AMS bioreactor was improved and it allowed a further nine Bacillus isolates to be obtained, which exhibited a similar phenomenon. The observations suggest a novel strategy to discover new antimicrobial compounds by taking advantage of their signalling system to reveal new metabolic pathways in marine microorganisms
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Hendrix, Alicia M. "The Energetic Demand of Low Tide Stress on Balanus glandula Under Varying Thermal Conditions." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/162.

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Like all intertidal species, the barnacle Balanus glandula must cope with temperature and desiccation stress during daily low tide exposure. The increase in temperature at low tide leads to both increased metabolic rate and the potential for increased ATP demand. With its additional inhibition of oxygen intake, low tide thus has an energetic cost that is often reflected in an increase in oxygen consumption following resubmersion. As anthropogenically induced global climate change increases air and water temperatures, its cost might increase. B. glandula individuals were exposed to 4‑hour low tides with maximal temperatures of 18, 30, 35, and 38°C, and their oxygen consumption rates and behaviors were recorded for 4 hours upon resubmersion. It was found that aerial respiration could be measured, though aerial rates were only a fraction of aquatic rates. It was further found that relative aquatic oxygen consumption rates were not elevated following low tide for any temperatures. However, B. glandula individuals exposed to 35 and 38°C low tides remained active a significantly greater portion of time through the first and second hours of recovery, respectively. This indicates that a low tide stress effect is evident in B. glandula, but that it manifests not as an increase in the respiration rate when active, but rather as an increase in the overall activity time. Thus, with increasing global temperatures B. glandula will likely have increased energy needs. This might lead to range relocations, a drive to find new energy sources, and/or reallocations of energy budgets.
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Smilek, Krista R. "Using Ichnology and Sedimentology to Determine Paleoenvironmental and Paleoecological Conditions of a Shallow-Water, Marine Depositional Environment: Case Studies from the Pennsylvanian Ames Limestone and Modern Holothurians." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1250003072.

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Ismaili, Syrine. "Le facteur humain dans la mise en oeuvre de la sécurité et de la sûreté maritimes : analyse de l'inscription de la Tunisie dans l'ordonnancement juridique international." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20003/document.

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La fréquence des accidents en mer et l'ampleur des dégâts de certains d'entre eux permettent de s'interroger sur l'efficacité des mesures de sécurité et de sûreté maritimes. En parallèle, l'importante participation du facteur humain dans la survenance de ces accidents devient une réalité de plus en plus acceptée. Les conditions de vie et de travail des marins à bord des navires, l'effectif, la durée de travail... sont autant d'éléments déterminants dans la survenance de l'erreur humaine. Ce sont, par conséquent, autant d'éléments à considérer dans la prévention des accidents, sans pour autant les dissocier du système organisationnel global. Pourtant, à travers le monde, les mesures législatives prenant en considération ces éléments sont rares et souffrent d'une application partielle et d'un manque considérable de contrôle à l'occasion des différentes inspections maritimes. Même si cette constatation varie d'un État maritime à un autre, la Tunisie n'y déroge pas. Des lacunes en la matière existent aussi bien au niveau de l'adoption des lois, que de leur application effective ou du contrôle leur étant réservé. Il conviendra d'en déceler les causes et d'essayer de les combler
The frequency of maritime accidents and the extent of the damage some of them cause, can cast doubt on the effectiveness of maritime safety and security measures. At the same time, the ever increasing rôle played by man in such occurrences has been steadily recognized. Sailors' living and working conditions on board, crew size and working hours are just a few ofthe significant factors wich have contributed to human error. As a result, such factors, should not be excluded from the global organizational system when considering accident prevention. Nevertheless, throughout the word, legislative measures including these elements are either few and far between, only partially applied or immensely difficult to enforce during maritime inspections. Even if this observation varies from one maritime state to another, Tunisia is no exception. Shortcomings in the field range from, flaws in the adoption of laws, to ineffective law implementation, without forgetting the level of control they are granted. This paper will detect the causes behind this situation and go some way in attempting to remedy the failings
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Sibuet, Myriam. "Structure des peuplements benthiques en relation avec les conditions trophiques en milieu abyssal dans l'océan atlantique : cas particulier des échinodermes." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066693.

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Annasawmy, Pavanee. "Patterns among micronekton communities in relation to the environmental conditions at two shalow seamounts in the south-western Indian Ocean." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG087.

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Les monts sous-marins sont des relevés topographiques omniprésents au sein de tous les bassins océaniques. Ils s’élèvent dans la colonne d’eau à partir des profondeurs abyssales. Selon leur taille, leur forme et la profondeur de leur sommet, les monts sous-marins auraient un impact sur les processus physiques susceptibles de favoriser l'agrégation du zooplancton, du micronecton et des prédateurs supérieurs au-dessus ou à proximité immédiate de leur sommet. Le micronecton forme un lien trophique clé entre le zooplancton et les prédateurs marins supérieurs et se compose de quatre grands groupes: plancton gélatineux, crustacés, céphalopodes et poissons mésopélagiques. La distribution verticale et horizontale, les assemblages et les relations trophiques du micronecton ont été étudiés sur deux monts sous-marins peu profonds du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien. Le mont sous-marin La Pérouse est un relevé topographique abrupt qui s'élève à partir d'un fond marin profond situé à 5000 m et dont la profondeur du sommet est d'environ 60 m sous la surface de la mer. Ce mont est situé au nord-ouest de la province oligotrophe "ISSG". Le mont sous-marin MAD-Ridge ("ainsi appelé dans cette étude"), est situé dans un "corridor de tourbillons" au sud de Madagascar dans la province "EAFR". Le Chapitre 4 examine l'influence des tourbillons méso-échelle, du plateau continental de Madagascar et des monts sous-marins peu profonds sur la distribution du micronecton en utilisant une approche acoustique. Il est démontré que les tourbillons méso-échelle et le plateau continental Malgache peuvent présenter des densités acoustiques de micronecton supérieures à celles du mont sous-marin MAD-Ridge. Les densités acoustiques du micronecton sont également plus élevées à MAD-Ridge qu’à La Pérouse, conformément aux différences de productivité existant entre les deux sites. Le Chapitre 5 est consacré aux assemblages de micronecton et aux schémas de migrations nycthémérales des communautés de micronecton. Il est démontré que la couche de diffusion peu profonde (0-200 m) est constituée d'espèces micronectoniques océaniques alors que les sommets et les flancs de La Pérouse et de MAD-Ridge présentent des espèces résidentes ou associées à ces monts sous-marins de jour comme de nuit. Les différentes stratégies de migration du micronecton sont également discutées. Le Chapitre 6 porte sur les interactions trophiques des communautés mésopélagiques de La Pérouse et de MAD-Ridge. Malgré les différences de productivité entre La Pérouse et MAD-Ridge, les organismes gélatineux, les crustacés, les céphalopodes de petite taille et les poissons mésopélagiques montrent des niveaux trophiques allant 2 à 4 aux deux monts sous-marins. Cette thèse met l’accent sur les importantes lacunes dans les connaissances et elle souligne également l'importance des études sur les écosystèmes des monts sous-marins du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien afin de promouvoir des mesures de gestion et de conservation pour une utilisation durable de ces environnements si particuliers
Seamounts are ubiquitous topographic features across all ocean basins. They rise steeply through the water column from abyssal depths. Depending on their size, shape and summit depths, seamounts reportedly have an impact on the physical flow regimes which may promote the aggregation of zooplankton, micronekton, and top predators above or in the immediate vicinity of their summits. Micronekton form a key trophic link between zooplankton and top marine predators and are divided into four broad categories: gelatinous plankton, crustaceans, cephalopods and mesopelagic fishes. The vertical and horizontal distributions, assemblages and trophic relationships of micronekton were investigated at two shallow seamounts of the south-western Indian Ocean. La Pérouse seamount is a steep bathymetric feature rising from a deep seabed located at 5000 m and with a summit depth at ~ 60 m below the sea surface. The seamount is located at the north-western periphery of the oligotrophic Indian South Subtropical Gyre province. MAD-Ridge seamount (“thus called in this study”), is ~ 240 m below the sea surface rising from a base located at ~2400 m. The seamount is located within an “eddy corridor” to the south of Madagascar within the productive East African Coastal Province. Chapter 4 investigates the influence of mesoscale eddies, Madagascar shelf and shallow seamounts on the distribution of micronekton using an acoustic approach. It is demonstrated that mesoscale eddies and the continental shelf may show enhanced acoustic densities of micronekton compared to MAD-Ridge seamount. The micronekton acoustic densities were also greater at MAD-Ridge compared to La Pérouse, in accordance with the difference in productivity between the two sites. Chapter 5 is dedicated to the micronekton assemblages and diel migration patterns of micronekton communities. It is shown that, while the shallow scattering layer (0-200 m) consisted of oceanic micronekton species; the summits and flanks of La Pérouse and MAD-Ridge showed presence of resident or seamount-associated species both during the day and night. I also discussed the different migration strategies of micronekton. Chapter 6 investigates the stable isotope patterns of mesopelagic communities at La Pérouse and MAD-Ridge. Despite the differing productivity at La Pérouse and MAD-Ridge, gelatinous organisms, crustaceans, smaller-sized squids and mesopelagic fishes exhibited trophic levels ranging from 2 to 4 at both seamounts. This thesis highlights important knowledge gaps on seamount ecosystems and ecological patterns associated to shallow seamounts. It also underlines the importance of studying seamount ecosystems of the south-western Indian Ocean in order to promote management and conservation measures for a sustainable use of such specific environments
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Lockerbie, Emma Margaret. "A decision tree framework for assessing status of exploited marine ecosystems under changing environmental conditions." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27996.

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The removal of marine species through fishing has impacted marine ecosystems for thousands of years. The pressure of exploitation on marine ecosystems has now reached a point at which there is serious concern over ecosystem well-being on a global scale. There has, therefore, been a global move towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries management. The objective of this study was to develop a decision tree framework to assess the status of exploited marine ecosystems, which could be successfully applied to numerous ecosystems and guide decision support under changing conditions. This work was based on that of the IndiSeas project, which makes use of indicators designed to detect the impacts of fishing on marine ecosystem around the world. A suite of indicators, selected from those utilised in the IndiSeas project, was divided into ecological and fishing pressure indicators. Ecosystem specific suites of environmental indicators were also included, allowing the framework to ascertain the impacts of environmental variability on ecosystem components. This is an important addition as currently many assessments of the impacts of fisheries do not account for the influence of the environment. The framework was developed for the Southern Benguela ecosystem and then applied, with minor adjustments to account for ecosystem-specific characteristics, to the South Catalan Sea and North Sea. Indicator time series were analysed making use of linear regressions, resulting in the assignment of a score between one and five, depending on the direction and significance of trends. Data series were divided into distinct periods based on known environmental changes or shifts within ecosystems. Careful consideration was given as to whether fishing and environmental indicator trends could explain the observed trends in ecological indicators. A method of score adjustment was then developed to account for the impacts of both fishing and environmental variability on ecological indicators. Correlations were conducted to detect potential redundancies of ecological indicators and weightings were applied to decrease the contribution of correlated indicators to overall ecosystem trends. However, as correlations differed between indicators and amongst ecosystems, it was necessary to adjust the applied weightings for individual ecosystems. Results for the Southern Benguela classified the ecosystem as neither improving nor deteriorating during Period 1 (1978-1993) and Period 2 (1994-2003). During Period 3 (2004-2010) the ecosystem was classified as possibly improving. The South Catalan Sea was classified as possibly deteriorating during Period 1 (1978-1990) and neither improving nor deteriorating during Period 2 (1991-2010). The North Sea ecosystem was classified as neither improving nor deteriorating during Period 1 (1983-1992). During the second (1993-2003) and third (2004-2010) periods the ecosystem was categorised as possibly improving. When assessing fisheries impacts at an ecosystem scale there are typically high levels of uncertainty. However, this thesisoncluded that the development of a scoring and weighting system, alongside the addition of environmental drivers and the inclusion of expert knowledge throughout the applications of this framework, has allowed the developed decision tree framework to successfully categorise the three ecosystems. It is anticipated that the knowledge that this framework will add to current methods of generating advice for fisheries management will aid future decision support within these ecosystems.
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Serrat, Llinàs Alba. "Reproductive and condition status of “cold water” marine fish: new insights from a changing environment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667412.

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Exploited marine fish species with an affinity for cold waters inhabiting close to the warmer edge of their distribution area are exposed to stress caused by fishing and climate change. Three case studies of “cold water species” were selected (Argentina sphyraena, Micromesistius poutassou and Merluccius merluccius) and, in each case, various biological traits – including the factors regulating early oogenesis, reproductive tactics, physical condition, parasitism and energy allocation trade-offs – were examined. Overall, the main findings support the idea that species-specific biological traits and plasticity influence population’s sensitivity and response to external stressors. This thesis contributes to the improvement of egg production estimation methods and to the understanding of fundamental biological mechanisms and their variability
Les espècies comercials de peixos marins amb preferència per a aigües fredes, que viuen a l’hemisferi nord properes al límit sud de la seva àrea de distribució, es troben en una situació vulnerable degut al canvi climàtic i a la sobrepesca. Aquesta tesi es centra en tres “espècies d’aigua freda”: el moixó (Argentina sphyraena), la maire (Micromesistius poutassou) i el lluç (Merluccius merluccius). Per tal de completar el coneixement sobre les seves característiques reproductives i avaluar el seu estat de salut, es van escollir tres especies d’aigua freda (el moixó, Argentina sphyraena; la maire, Micromesistius poutassou; i el lluç, Merluccius merluccius) i es van examinar diferents trets biològics que comprenen des dels factors que regulen les etapes més inicials de la ovogènesi fins a diverses característiques reproductives, així com l’estat de condició, el parasitisme i els balanços en la distribució de l’energia interna
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Persson, Martin. "Changes in condition of herring (Clupea harengus) in Swedish coastal waters." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3376.

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The condition of the herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea has decreased during the past 30-40 years. This decrease could be explained by different factors; (1) change in diet due to changes in zooplankton community, (2) changes in water temperature and salinity, (3) increasing nutrient inputs and (4) competition for food with other species such as sprat (Sprattus sprattus). In this study the change in condition was analysed using the Fulton’s condition index, and by looking at age and sex of the fish as well as the season and locationthe fish was caught, the differences between these factors were presented. Data from the national Swedish contaminant monitoring programme where used from four locations in the Baltic Sea and two locations at the Swedish West coast. The data was analysed using multiple regressions in R Commander. The result show that the condition, and the temporal trends in condition value, varies at different locations, with higher condition values and increasing temporal trends at the Swedish West coast, compared to the Baltic Sea with lower condition values and where three of four locations show decreasing temporal trends. The condition varied between spring and autumn caught herring as well, while age and sex showed less significant differences.
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Books on the topic "Marine environment conditions"

1

Jokšas, Kęstutis. The only Lithuanian seaport and its environment. [Vilnius]: Institute of Geology and Geography, 2003.

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Nikolai, Filatov, ed. White Sea: Its marine environment and ecosystem dynamics influenced by global change. Berlin: Springer, 2005.

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Craig, William J. Environment and the river: Maps of the Mississippi : report to the McKnight Foundation. Minneapolis, Minn. (301 19th Ave. S., Minneapolis 55455): Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, 1991.

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Zabi, S. G., and A. Chidi Ibe. State of the coastal and marine environment of the Gulf of Guinea: Etat de l'environnement côtier et marin du Golfe de Guinée. Edited by GEF's Large Marine Ecosystem Project for the Gulf of Guinea. Cotonou, Bénin: CEDA, 1998.

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International Summer School on the Environment (4th 2002 Figueres, Spain). The Mediterranean Sea: An overview of its present state and plans for future protection : lectures fron the 4th International Summer School on the Environment. Girona: Universitat de Girona, Institut de Medi Ambient, 2004.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Protection. Environmental trends and conditions in marine and coastal waters and the Marine Research Act of 1988: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Environmental Protection of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session ... S. 2608 ... April 20 and 28, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Water quality in Lake Erie: Field hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, on anoxia in the central basin of Lake Erie, and the impact of "dead zones" on the ecology of the Great Lakes region, August 5, 2002, Cleveland, OH. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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Serebryakov, Oleg. Ecological and geological problems of development of oil and gas fields in the Caspian region. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24289.

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The paper summarizes and examined extensive evidence on the environmental, geological and technological challenges of exploration and production of oil and gas, encountered during the development of the gigantic fields. Investigated environmental problems of underground disposal of wastes, the formation of zones of technogenic pollution, ecology megalonyx pressures and many others. Describes the environmental effects of oil and gas companies on the environment. The proposal for reducing the negative anthropogenic influence on the geoecological conditions of the environment. Justified the monitoring of the exploration and exploitation of deposits of natural raw materials. Is designed to masters, post-graduate students and students studying on the specialty "Environmental Geology", "Geology and Geochemistry of combustible minerals", "Geology of marine oil and gas fields", "Hydrogeology and engineering Geology", a wide range of scientific and industrial workers of the oil and gas industry, high school teachers and graduate students geoenvironmental, environmental, oil and gas fields.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife. Chesapeake Bay restoration: Status report and recommendations : hearing before the Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, April 20, 2009, Annapolis, MD. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife. Chesapeake Bay restoration: Progress and challenges : field hearing before the Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, September 3, 2013 -- Grasonville, MD. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Marine environment conditions"

1

Quéguiner, Bernard, Karine Leblanc, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, Leanne Armand, F. Fripiat, and D. Cardinal. "Using a New Fluorescent Probe of Silicification to Measure Species-Specific Activities of Diatoms Under Varying Environmental Conditions." In Global Change: Mankind-Marine Environment Interactions, 283–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8630-3_51.

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Polinov, Semion. "Increased Anthropogenic Activity in the Mediterranean Since the Opening of the Suez Canal." In Palgrave Studies in Maritime Politics and Security, 217–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15670-0_11.

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AbstractHumans depend on oceans and seas’ marine ecosystems for important and valuable goods and services, but human use has also altered the marine environment through direct and indirect means. Land-based and ocean-based human activities vary in their intensity of impact on the marine environmental conditions and their spatial distribution across the scape. Since opening the Suez Canal, the spatial distribution of such a human-made environmental change needs to be understood and quantified to be able to evaluate tradeoffs between the canal and the protection of the Mediterranean marine ecosystem. Such temporal and spatial evaluation will help to improve and rationalize the spatial management of the Mediterranean Sea of human activities. Evaluation of the ecological impact of the Suez Canal on the Mediterranean Sea requires a method for translating the impact into marine impacts and spatial data of the activities.
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Elshorbagy, W. E., and A. H. Basioni. "Impact of the Coastal Intake Environment on the Operating Conditions of Thermal Desalination Plants: A Case Study in the United Arab Emirates." In Recent Progress in Desalination, Environmental and Marine Outfall Systems, 229–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19123-2_16.

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Kim, Seong Jong, Seok Ki Jang, and Jeong Il Kim. "Effects of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Optimum Cathodic Protection Potential of High-Strength Steel in Marine Environment Conditions." In Materials Science Forum, 133–36. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-966-0.133.

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Clauss, Günther, Eike Lehmann, and Carsten Östergaard. "Environmental Conditions Affecting Marine Structures." In Offshore Structures, 125–75. London: Springer London, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1998-2_2.

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Patel, B., and S. Patel. "Radioecology of Cobalt-60 under Tropical Environmental Conditions." In Radionuclides in the Study of Marine Processes, 276–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3686-0_29.

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Chen, Cheng-Tung A. "Obtaining Past Trends in Marine Environmental Conditions with Contemporary Data." In Ocean Resources, 293–308. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2131-3_24.

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García-del-Hoyo, Juan José, and David Castilla-Espino. "Fisheries Economics and Management Under the Impact of Human and Varying Marine Environmental Conditions in the Alboran Sea." In Alboran Sea - Ecosystems and Marine Resources, 749–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65516-7_22.

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Naidoo, G., H. Rogalla, and D. J. von Willert. "Gas exchange responses of a mangrove species, Avicennia marina, to waterlogged and drained conditions." In Asia-Pacific Conference on Science and Management of Coastal Environment, 39–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5234-1_5.

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Pérez, H., M. Sosa, L. Dzib, J. Reyes, R. Camacho, O. Troconis-Rincón, and A. Torres-Acosta. "Reinforced concrete beams deterioration in tropical marine environment." In Concrete Under Severe Conditions, Two Volume Set, 413–20. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10552-50.

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Conference papers on the topic "Marine environment conditions"

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Miwa, T., K. Shimamoto, YB Wu, M. Uchida, and M. Nakamura. "Study on Workload Measurements at the Marine Engineering Education Under the Marine Engine Simulator Environment." In ICSOT Korea: Safety of Offshore and Subsea Structures in Extreme and Accidental Conditions. RINA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.icsot15k.2015.15.

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Thies, Philipp R., Lars Johanning, Tessa Gordelier, Andrew Vickers, and Sam Weller. "Physical Component Testing to Simulate Dynamic Marine Load Conditions." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10820.

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The reliability and integrity of components used in the marine offshore environment is paramount for the safety and viability of offshore installations. The engineering challenge is to design components that are robust enough to meet reliability targets whilst lean enough to minimise cost. This is particularly the case for offshore marine renewable installations which operate in the same, possibly harsher, environment as offshore oil and gas installations, and are subjected to highly cyclic and dynamic wave, wind and operational load conditions. The cost of electricity produced has to compete with other means of electricity generation and does thus not offer the same profit margins available as oil and gas commodities. As a result, components for marine renewable installations have to meet the target reliability, without the application of costly safety factors to account for load and environmental uncertainties. Industries with similar design tasks such as the aviation or automotive industry have successfully used a service simulation test approach to develop robust yet lean designs. This paper builds on an approach to establish and validate the reliability of floating renewable energy devices in which dedicated component testing using the purpose built Dynamic Marine Component test rig (DMaC) plays a pivotal role to assess, validate and predict the reliability of components in the marine environment. This paper presents a test rig for both static and fatigue tests of marine components such as mooring lines and mooring shackles under simulated or measured load conditions and provides two case studies from recently conducted mooring component tests. This includes an investigation into the load behaviour of synthetic mooring ropes and the ageing of mooring shackles.
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"Marine Exposure of Concrete Under Selected South African Conditions." In SP-163: Third CANMET/ACI International Conference on Performance of Concrete in Marine Environment. American Concrete Institute, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/1359.

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CARVALHO, A., and L. REIS. "Analysis of concrete performance with addition of silica fume in simulation of marine aggressiveness." In 9th International Conference On Concrete Under Severe Conditions - Environment and Loading. MENVIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31808/5ca6e03f5ca4f0d406ac88bc.

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BALESTRA, C. E. T., G. SAVARIS, R. J. M. FAKHYE, E. C. S. SILVA, and S. D. FEIBER. "Influence of wind on chloride profiles of concrete structures in marine environment: case study of Arvoredos Island." In 9th International Conference On Concrete Under Severe Conditions - Environment and Loading. MENVIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31808/5ca6e03f5ca4f0d406ac88b9.

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"Highlights of the Sapporo International Conference on Concrete Under Severe conditions--1995." In SP-163: Third CANMET/ACI International Conference on Performance of Concrete in Marine Environment. American Concrete Institute, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/1373.

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"Performance of Corrosion Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Marine Conditions of the United Arab Emirates." In SP-163: Third CANMET/ACI International Conference on Performance of Concrete in Marine Environment. American Concrete Institute, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/1366.

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Noble, Donald R., Samuel Draycott, Thomas A. D. Davey, and Tom Bruce. "Testing Marine Renewable Energy Devices in an Advanced Multi-Directional Combined Wave-Current Environment." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62052.

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Physical scale model testing is an important development tool, used extensively to study the behaviour of marine devices, vessels and structures in a controlled environment prior to deployment at sea. Whilst specific guidance on developing and testing marine renewable energy devices has been published over the past decade, it has limitations in terms of advanced environmental conditions for testing. The body of existing guidance is reviewed, and initial suggestions offered for additional test conditions that may be considered in later stages of model testing. This focuses on testing in combined waves and currents, particularly the multi-directional aspect thereof, which is now possible in facilities such as FloWave.
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Cunha, Gerson Gomes, Luis Augusto Petrus Levy, Maria Ce´lia Santos Lopes, and Luiz Landau. "Ultra-Deepwater Floating Platforms Simulation on SPAR Realistic Marine Virtual Environment System." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37270.

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This paper presents a new system for offshore floating petroleum platforms design and simulation using virtual reality technology. Environmental conditions and visual effects were introduced together the analysis results to build a realistic experience. The system integrates the capabilities of a large scale design system PROSIM, for design and evaluation of floating structures, mooring lines and rigid or flexible risers under wave, wind and current effect; and SPAR system, for realistic visual effects and environmental conditions representation to enhance the visual perception and phenomenon understanding. It will be presented a real case usage of the system in the project of new floating platform with wave, wind and terrain data of the Campos Basin (Brazilian biggest reservoir). The real-time simulation of floating systems is not new, but until today only scientific aspects were considered besides visual appeal. The association of artistic elements only used on movies and games are introduced in real engineering simulation creating a new way of understanding and interacting with this scientific data.
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Orimolade, Adekunle Peter, and Ove Tobias Gudmestad. "Impacts of Cold Climate Environmental Conditions on a Riser System Design and Installation." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41268.

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Interests in exploration and production of oil and gas in cold climate areas has increased in recent times. This can be attributed to the continual depletion of reserves in mature fields, and recent discoveries of large quantities of oil and gas in the cold climate region, including the more recent discovery of the Alta Reservoir, in the Barents Sea. However, marine operations in this region are faced with challenges resulting from its arctic conditions. Knowledge of the physical environment is important in designing offshore structures, and in planning, and executing marine operations. Selection of a suitable field development concept may be influenced by the probability of occurrence of rare events, such as drifting icebergs. Furthermore, occurrence of mesoscale phenomenon such as polar low pressures may adversely affect planned marine operations. In addition, uncertainties in weather forecasting will reflect on the available weather window to perform installation and interventions works. This paper presents some of the challenges in designing and planning for marine operations in the cold climate region. A possible field development concept for the open water areas of the Norwegian sector of the Barents Sea is discussed. The current research work considers the need for further assessment of the probability of occurrence of drifting icebergs as of importance when selecting field development concept. The Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) is proposed, and this should be designed with an internal turret system that can be disconnected and reconnected. Some of the challenges associated with riser systems design when considering a turret system with the capability to disconnect and reconnect are discussed. This paper also propose the use of ensemble forecasts as an alternative to the use of alpha factors to estimate operational weather window when planning for marine operations in the Barents Sea. The unpredictability nature of the environmental conditions, especially in the early winter is considered a challenge to marine operations.
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Reports on the topic "Marine environment conditions"

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McMartin, I., M. S. Gauthier, and A. V. Page. Updated post-glacial marine limits along western Hudson Bay, central mainland Nunavut and northern Manitoba. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330940.

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A digital compilation of updated postglacial marine limits was completed in the coastal regions of central mainland Nunavut and northern Manitoba between Churchill and Queen Maud Gulf. The compilation builds on and updates previous mapping of the marine limits at an unprecedented scale, making use of high-resolution digital elevation models, new field-based observations of the marine limit and digital compilations of supporting datasets (i.e. marine deltas and marine sediments). The updated mapping also permits a first-hand, knowledgedriven interpolation of a continuous limit of marine inundation linking the Tyrrell Sea to Arctic Ocean seawaters. The publication includes a detailed description of the mapping methods, a preliminary interpretation of the results, and a GIS scalable layout map for easy access to the various layers. These datasets and outputs provide robust constraints to reconstruct the patterns of ice retreat and for glacio-isostatic rebound models, important for the estimation of relative sea level changes and impacts on the construction of nearshore sea-transport infrastructures. They can also be used to evaluate the maximum extent of marine sediments and associated permafrost conditions that can affect land-based infrastructures, and potential secondary processes related to marine action in the surficial environment and, therefore, can enhance the interpretation of geochemical anomalies in glacial drift exploration methods. A generalized map of the maximum limit of postglacial marine inundation produced for map representation and readability also constitutes an accessible output relevant to Northerners and other users of geoscience data.
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Gadd, M. G., J. M. Peter, T A Fraser, and D. Layton-Matthews. Paleoredox and lithogeochemical indicators of the environment of formation and genesis of the Monster River hyper-enriched black shale showing, Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328004.

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Northern Yukon hosts occurrences of Middle Devonian hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) Ni-Mo-Zn-platinum-group element-Au-Re mineralization, including the Monster River showing in the Ogilvie Mountains. This mineralization has been documented predominantly in the Paleozoic Richardson trough; however, the Monster River showing is atypical, occurring within the Blackstone trough, more than 200 km to the west on the southern margin of the Yukon block. The ambient paleoredox conditions of the marine water column and sediments may be primary controlling factors in HEBS formation. We use major and trace element lithogeochemistry to better understand ambient paleoenvironmental redox conditions through the application of robust redox proxies to HEBS mineralization and host rocks. Uniformly negative Ce anomalies (0.6-0.9) indicate that the water column was predominantly suboxic throughout the deposition interval, even during HEBS mineralization. Although there is a strong terrigenous influence on the rare earth element-yttrium (REE-Y) abundances of the sedimentary rocks, superchondritic Y/Ho ratios (>27) indicate that seawater contributed REE-Y to the host rocks and HEBS. High (>10) authigenic Mo/U ratios indicate that a Fe-Mn particulate shuttle operated in the water column; this is corroborated by negative Ce anomalies and high Y/Ho ratios. The data indicate that metalliferous sedimentary rocks formed by hydrogenous metal enrichment (e.g. Ni, Mo, Pt) caused by ferromanganese oxyhydroxide particulate shuttling as chemical sediments; moreover, the REE- and Mo-based paleoenvironmental indicators suggest a complexly redox-stratified depositional environment with an abundant supply of metals, metalloids, and sulfur.
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Van Rijn, Jaap, Harold Schreier, and Yossi Tal. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation as a novel approach for water treatment in marine and freshwater aquaculture recirculating systems. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696511.bard.

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Ammonia waste removal in recirculating aquaculture systems is typically accomplished via the action of nitrifying bacteria in specially designed biofilters that oxidize ammonia to produce nitrate. In the majority of these systems nitrate is discharged to the environment through frequent water exchanges. As environmental considerations have made it necessary to eliminate nitrate release, new strategies for nitrate consumption are being developed. In the funding period we showed that ammonia removal from wastewater could take place by an anaerobic ammonia oxidation process carried out by bacterial Planctomycetessp. Referred to as “anammox”, this process occurs in the absence of an organic source and in the presence of nitrite (or nitrate) as an electron acceptor as follows: NH₃ + HNO₂ -> N₂ + 2H₂O. Annamox has been estimated to result in savings of up to 90% of the costs associated with was wastewater treatment plants. Our objective was to study the applicability of the anammox process in a variety of recirculating aquaculture systems to determine optimal conditions necessary for efficient ammonia waste removal. Both seawater and freshwater systems operated with either conventional aerobic treatment of ammonia to nitrate (USA) or, in addition, denitrifying biofilters as well as anaerobic digestion of sludge (Israel) were tested. Molecular tools were used to screen and monitor different treatment compartments for the presence of Planctomycetes. Optimal conditions for the enrichment of the anammox bacteria were tested using laboratory scale biofilters as well as a semi-commercial system. Enrichment studies resulted in the isolation of some unique heterotrophic bacteria capable of plasmid-mediated autotrophic growth in the presence of ammonia and nitrite. Our studies have not only demonstrated the presence and viability of Planctomycetes spp. in recirculating marine and freshwater systems biofilter units but also demonstrated the applicability of the anammox process in these systems. Using our results we have developed treatment schemes that have allowed for optimizing the anammox process and applying it to recirculating systems.
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Miller, R. O. Environmental seabed conditions of the Lunenburg Marine Park. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207613.

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Coyner, Kelley, and Jason Bittner. Infrastructure Enablers and Automated Vehicles: Trucking. SAE International, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022017.

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While automated trucking developers have established regular commercial shipments, operations and testing remain limited largely to limited-access highways like interstates. This infrastructure provides a platform or operating environment that is highly structured, with generally good road conditions and visible lane markings. To date, these deployments have not included routine movements from hub to hub, whether on or off these limited-access facilities. Benefits such as safety, fuel efficiency, staffing for long-haul trips, and a strengthened supply chain turn enable broader deployment which can enable movement from one transportation system to another. Infrastructure Enablers and Automated Vehicles: Trucking focuses on unresolved issues between the automated vehicle industry and infrastructure owners and operators that stand in the way of using infrastructure—both physical and digital—to extend use cases for automated trucking to more operational design domains (ODDs). The report also examines opportunities and recommendations related the integration of automated trucking across transportation networks and the supply chain. The topics include road conditions and lane marking visibility, work zone navigation, transfer hubs, and facility design, as well as connected and electric charging infrastructure.
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Sukenik, Assaf, Paul Roessler, and John Ohlrogge. Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604932.bard.

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Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.
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FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF TITANIUM-CLAD BIMETALLIC STEEL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT INTERFACIAL CONDITIONS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.273.

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Titanium-clad (TC) bimetallic steel is a type of high-performance steel, with high corrosion resistance attributed to the titanium alloy and economy as well as excellent mechanical properties resulted from structural steel. Such advanced bimetallic steel is suitable for marine structures, bridges, and buildings exposed to the highly corrosive environment. This paper aims to clarify the high cycle fatigue properties of the hot-rolled TC bimetallic steel with two interface shear strengths of 40MPa and 140MPa. Their stress-strain curves were obtained by the tensile coupon tests. The fatigue S-N curves of TC bimetallic steel at a stress ratio of 0.1 are introduced, which show excellent fatigue performance compared with structural steel. In addition, the hot-rolled TC bimetallic steel with 140 MPa interface shear strength has 21% improvement in fatigue performance than the other one. Despite this, the influence of the interfacial conditions on the high cycle fatigue performance is generally limited. Finally, the S-N curves suitable for these two kinds of TC bimetallic steel are suggested. The research outcomes can provide a reference for understanding the fatigue behaviour of the TC bimetallic steel and the selection of different interfacial conditions in structural engineering
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ELASTIC BUCKLING OF OUTSTAND STAINLESS-CLAD BIMETALLIC STEEL PLATES SUBJECTED TO UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.274.

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The application of stainless-clad (SC) bimetallic steel in various conditions such as offshore and marine environment requires members designed in different cross-sectional shapes, which consist of both internal and outstand elements. To form a comprehensive understanding of buckling behaviour of the SC bimetallic steel members, the behaviour of outstand compression plates needs to be investigated. In this study, the theoretical elastic buckling stress of outstand SC bimetallic steel plates subjected to uniformly distributed uniaxial compression is derived. Considering the position of neutral surface, the energy method and Ritz formulation are used to solve the buckling stress. Adaptation of the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT) is used to modify the solution, which is further compared with finite element analyses. The influence of different parameters such as cladding configuration, clad ratio, elastic modulus ratio, aspect ratio and width-to-thickness ratio on the elastic buckling behaviour of SC bimetallic plates is analysed. The simplified design formulae and design requirements are summarized to form a comprehensive design method.
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9

CDRmare Code of Conduct. CDRmare Research Mission, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cdrmare.16.

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General intention: The CDRmare community developed this Code of Conduct to communicate our common understanding of basic values and rules for respectful cooperation and communication. These guidelines aim at identifying the core ethical values for conducting research within the CDRmare community, establishing an example and developing this further within the wider marine science community and partner institutions. The CDRmare Code of Conduct applies to everyone, regardless of their level or field of experience, gender or gender identity, age, national origin or nationality, cultural background, religious creed, sexual orientation, family status or health condition. We encourage all CDRmare members to implement and transmit the values of the Code of Conduct within and outside the CDRmare environment such as their working groups, research departments and institutes.
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10

Monetary Policy Report - January 2022. Banco de la República, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr1-2022.

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Macroeconomic summary Several factors contributed to an increase in projected inflation on the forecast horizon, keeping it above the target rate. These included inflation in December that surpassed expectations (5.62%), indexation to higher inflation rates for various baskets in the consumer price index (CPI), a significant real increase in the legal minimum wage, persistent external and domestic inflationary supply shocks, and heightened exchange rate pressures. The CPI for foods was affected by the persistence of external and domestic supply shocks and was the most significant contributor to unexpectedly high inflation in the fourth quarter. Price adjustments for fuels and certain utilities can explain the acceleration in inflation for regulated items, which was more significant than anticipated. Prices in the CPI for goods excluding food and regulated items also rose more than expected. This was partly due to a smaller effect on prices from the national government’s VAT-free day than anticipated by the technical staff and more persistent external pressures, including via peso depreciation. By contrast, the CPI for services excluding food and regulated items accelerated less than expected, partly reflecting strong competition in the communications sector. This was the only major CPI basket for which prices increased below the target inflation rate. The technical staff revised its inflation forecast upward in response to certain external shocks (prices, costs, and depreciation) and domestic shocks (e.g., on meat products) that were stronger and more persistent than anticipated in the previous report. Observed inflation and a real increase in the legal minimum wage also exceeded expectations, which would boost inflation by affecting price indexation, labor costs, and inflation expectations. The technical staff now expects year-end headline inflation of 4.3% in 2022 and 3.4% in 2023; core inflation is projected to be 4.5% and 3.6%, respectively. These forecasts consider the lapse of certain price relief measures associated with the COVID-19 health emergency, which would contribute to temporarily keeping inflation above the target on the forecast horizon. It is important to note that these estimates continue to contain a significant degree of uncertainty, mainly related to the development of external and domestic supply shocks and their ultimate effects on prices. Other contributing factors include high price volatility and measurement uncertainty related to the extension of Colombia’s health emergency and tax relief measures (such as the VAT-free days) associated with the Social Investment Law (Ley de Inversión Social). The as-yet uncertain magnitude of the effects of a recent real increase in the legal minimum wage (that was high by historical standards) and high observed and expected inflation, are additional factors weighing on the overall uncertainty of the estimates in this report. The size of excess productive capacity remaining in the economy and the degree to which it is closing are also uncertain, as the evolution of the pandemic continues to represent a significant forecast risk. margin, could be less dynamic than expected. And the normalization of monetary policy in the United States could come more quickly than projected in this report, which could negatively affect international financing costs. Finally, there remains a significant degree of uncertainty related to the duration of supply chocks and the degree to which macroeconomic and political conditions could negatively affect the recovery in investment. The technical staff revised its GDP growth projection for 2022 from 4.7% to 4.3% (Graph 1.3). This revision accounts for the likelihood that a larger portion of the recent positive dynamic in private consumption would be transitory than previously expected. This estimate also contemplates less dynamic investment behavior than forecast in the previous report amid less favorable financial conditions and a highly uncertain investment environment. Third-quarter GDP growth (12.9%), which was similar to projections from the October report, and the fourth-quarter growth forecast (8.7%) reflect a positive consumption trend, which has been revised upward. This dynamic has been driven by both public and private spending. Investment growth, meanwhile, has been weaker than forecast. Available fourth-quarter data suggest that consumption spending for the period would have exceeded estimates from October, thanks to three consecutive months that included VAT-free days, a relatively low COVID-19 caseload, and mobility indicators similar to their pre-pandemic levels. By contrast, the most recently available figures on new housing developments and machinery and equipment imports suggest that investment, while continuing to rise, is growing at a slower rate than anticipated in the previous report. The trade deficit is expected to have widened, as imports would have grown at a high level and outpaced exports. Given the above, the technical staff now expects fourth-quarter economic growth of 8.7%, with overall growth for 2021 of 9.9%. Several factors should continue to contribute to output recovery in 2022, though some of these may be less significant than previously forecast. International financial conditions are expected to be less favorable, though external demand should continue to recover and terms of trade continue to increase amid higher projected oil prices. Lower unemployment rates and subsequent positive effects on household income, despite increased inflation, would also boost output recovery, as would progress in the national vaccination campaign. The technical staff expects that the conditions that have favored recent high levels of consumption would be, in large part, transitory. Consumption spending is expected to grow at a slower rate in 2022. Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) would continue to recover, approaching its pre-pandemic level, though at a slower rate than anticipated in the previous report. This would be due to lower observed GFCF levels and the potential impact of political and fiscal uncertainty. Meanwhile, the policy interest rate would be less expansionary as the process of monetary policy normalization continues. Given the above, growth in 2022 is forecast to decelerate to 4.3% (previously 4.7%). In 2023, that figure (3.1%) is projected to converge to levels closer to the potential growth rate. In this case, excess productive capacity would be expected to tighten at a similar rate as projected in the previous report. The trade deficit would tighten more than previously projected on the forecast horizon, due to expectations of an improved export dynamic and moderation in imports. The growth forecast for 2022 considers a low basis of comparison from the first half of 2021. However, there remain significant downside risks to this forecast. The current projection does not, for example, account for any additional effects on economic activity resulting from further waves of COVID-19. High private consumption levels, which have already surpassed pre-pandemic levels by a large margin, could be less dynamic than expected. And the normalization of monetary policy in the United States could come more quickly than projected in this report, which could negatively affect international financing costs. Finally, there remains a significant degree of uncertainty related to the duration of supply chocks and the degree to which macroeconomic and political conditions could negatively affect the recovery in investment. External demand for Colombian goods and services should continue to recover amid significant global inflation pressures, high oil prices, and less favorable international financial conditions than those estimated in October. Economic activity among Colombia’s major trade partners recovered in 2021 amid countries reopening and ample international liquidity. However, that growth has been somewhat restricted by global supply chain disruptions and new outbreaks of COVID-19. The technical staff has revised its growth forecast for Colombia’s main trade partners from 6.3% to 6.9% for 2021, and from 3.4% to 3.3% for 2022; trade partner economies are expected to grow 2.6% in 2023. Colombia’s annual terms of trade increased in 2021, largely on higher oil, coffee, and coal prices. This improvement came despite increased prices for goods and services imports. The expected oil price trajectory has been revised upward, partly to supply restrictions and lagging investment in the sector that would offset reduced growth forecasts in some major economies. Elevated freight and raw materials costs and supply chain disruptions continue to affect global goods production, and have led to increases in global prices. Coupled with the recovery in global demand, this has put upward pressure on external inflation. Several emerging market economies have continued to normalize monetary policy in this context. Meanwhile, in the United States, the Federal Reserve has anticipated an end to its asset buying program. U.S. inflation in December (7.0%) was again surprisingly high and market average inflation forecasts for 2022 have increased. The Fed is expected to increase its policy rate during the first quarter of 2022, with quarterly increases anticipated over the rest of the year. For its part, Colombia’s sovereign risk premium has increased and is forecast to remain on a higher path, to levels above the 15-year-average, on the forecast horizon. This would be partly due to the effects of a less expansionary monetary policy in the United States and the accumulation of macroeconomic imbalances in Colombia. Given the above, international financial conditions are projected to be less favorable than anticipated in the October report. The increase in Colombia’s external financing costs could be more significant if upward pressures on inflation in the United States persist and monetary policy is normalized more quickly than contemplated in this report. As detailed in Section 2.3, uncertainty surrounding international financial conditions continues to be unusually high. Along with other considerations, recent concerns over the potential effects of new COVID-19 variants, the persistence of global supply chain disruptions, energy crises in certain countries, growing geopolitical tensions, and a more significant deceleration in China are all factors underlying this uncertainty. The changing macroeconomic environment toward greater inflation and unanchoring risks on inflation expectations imply a reduction in the space available for monetary policy stimulus. Recovery in domestic demand and a reduction in excess productive capacity have come in line with the technical staff’s expectations from the October report. Some upside risks to inflation have materialized, while medium-term inflation expectations have increased and are above the 3% target. Monetary policy remains expansionary. Significant global inflationary pressures and the unexpected increase in the CPI in December point to more persistent effects from recent supply shocks. Core inflation is trending upward, but remains below the 3% target. Headline and core inflation projections have increased on the forecast horizon and are above the target rate through the end of 2023. Meanwhile, the expected dynamism of domestic demand would be in line with low levels of excess productive capacity. An accumulation of macroeconomic imbalances in Colombia and the increased likelihood of a faster normalization of monetary policy in the United States would put upward pressure on sovereign risk perceptions in a more persistent manner, with implications for the exchange rate and the natural rate of interest. Persistent disruptions to international supply chains, a high real increase in the legal minimum wage, and the indexation of various baskets in the CPI to higher inflation rates could affect price expectations and push inflation above the target more persistently. These factors suggest that the space to maintain monetary stimulus has continued to diminish, though monetary policy remains expansionary. 1.2 Monetary policy decision Banco de la República’s board of directors (BDBR) in its meetings in December 2021 and January 2022 voted to continue normalizing monetary policy. The BDBR voted by a majority in these two meetings to increase the benchmark interest rate by 50 and 100 basis points, respectively, bringing the policy rate to 4.0%.
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