Relevant bibliographies by topics / Marine ecosystem management – Scotland

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Marine ecosystem management – Scotland'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Marine ecosystem management – Scotland"

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Heymans, Johanna J., Kerry L. Howell, Morag Ayers, Michael T. Burrows, John D. M. Gordon, Emma G. Jones, and Francis Neat. "Do we have enough information to apply the ecosystem approach to management of deep-sea fisheries? An example from the West of Scotland." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq065.

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Abstract Heymans, J. J., Howell, K. L., Ayers, M., Burrows, M. T., Gordon, J. D. M., Jones, E. G., and Neat, F. 2011. Do we have enough information to apply the ecosystem approach to management of deep-sea fisheries? An example from the West of Scotland. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 265–280. There is currently a global call for more use of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM), and ecosystem models such as Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) are being used to provide a holistic view of ecosystem–fisheries interactions. Although these can be useful for an EAFM, the relative paucity of data available for deep-sea ecosystems raises concerns whether we can effectively apply an EAFM to the deep sea. The deep-sea ecosystem off the west coast of Scotland has been studied for longer and in more detail than most. This study assimilates the significant published and unpublished information available on this ecosystem into an EwE model. The results suggest that there are sufficient data available to construct an ecosystem model, but the quality of the data varies and serious potential sources of error are present in biomass and discard estimates. The assumptions needed to produce a model are varied and must be considered when interpreting the outputs of the model. Ecosystem modelling provides a unique view of the deep-water ecosystem and facilitates hypothesis development concerning predator–prey and inter-fishery interactions. Sharks are used to illustrate the benefits of using an ecosystem model to describe changes in their biomass and their prey species. The results show that both fishing for sharks and fishing for their prey affect the biomass of sharks.
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Sangiuliano, Stephen J. "Analysing the prevalence of ecosystem services in the objectives and policies of Scotland's National Marine Plan." Marine Policy 104 (June 2019): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.02.048.

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Casal, Gema, Clara Cordeiro, and Tim McCarthy. "Using Satellite-Based Data to Facilitate Consistent Monitoring of the Marine Environment around Ireland." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071749.

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As an island nation, Ireland needs to ensure effective management measures to protect marine ecosystems and their services, such as the provision of fishery resources. The characterization of marine waters using satellite data can contribute to a better understanding of variations in the upper ocean and, consequently, the effect of their changes on species populations. In this study, nineteen years (1998–2016) of monthly data of essential climate variables (ECVs), chlorophyll (Chl-a), and the diffuse attenuation coefficient (K490) were used, together with previous analyses of sea surface temperature (SST), to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of surface waters around Ireland. The study area was restricted to specific geographically delineated divisions, as defined by the International Council of the Exploration of the Seas (ICES). The results showed that SST and Chl-a were positively and significantly correlated in ICES divisions corresponding to oceanic waters, while in coastal divisions, SST and Chl-a showed a significant negative correlation. Chl-a and K490 were positively correlated in all cases, suggesting an important role of phytoplankton in light attenuation. Chl-a and K490 had significant trends in most of the divisions, reaching maximum values of 1.45% and 0.08% per year, respectively. The strongest seasonal Chl-a trends were observed in divisions VIId and VIIe (the English Channel), primarily in the summer months, followed by northern divisions VIa (west of Scotland) and VIb (Rockall) in the winter months.
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Butterworth, Douglas S. "Antarctic marine ecosystem management." Polar Record 23, no. 142 (January 1986): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400006781.

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ABSTRACTThis article describes a framework within which an initial strategy could be developed for managing commercial exploitation of marine living resources of the Southern Ocean, particularly of krill and fish, in accordance with Article II of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Quantitative predictions involving multi–species models are needed to assess any indirect impacts of fish or krill exploitation, and also for management to restore depleted populations. This article recommends research to provide the knowledge necessary for the models (identifying key species, estimating their demographic status, and experimental interference), and suggests interim management action to delimit management areas, agree target levels for stock–size, and monitor stocks. Early efforts to model the fishing operation are particularly recommended.
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Mooney, H. "« Ecosystem management for sustainable marine fisheries »." Nature Sciences Sociétés 6, no. 2 (April 6, 1998): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1240-1307(98)80066-6.

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Mooney, Harold A. "ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE MARINE FISHERIES1." Ecological Applications 8, sp1 (February 1998): S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1998)8[s1:emfsmf]2.0.co;2.

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Link, Jason S., Jon K. T. Brodziak, Steve F. Edwards, William J. Overholtz, David Mountain, Jack W. Jossi, Tim D. Smith, and Michael J. Fogarty. "Marine ecosystem assessment in a fisheries management context." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 1429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-115.

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We examined a suite of abiotic, biotic, and human metrics for the northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem at the aggregate, community, and system level (>30 different metrics) over three decades. Our primary goals were to describe ecosystem status, to improve understanding of the relationships between key ecosystem processes, and to evaluate potential reference points for ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). To this end, empirical indicators of ecosystem status were examined and standard multivariate statistical methods were applied to describe changes in the system. We found that (i) a suite of metrics is required to accurately characterize ecosystem status and, conversely, that focusing on a few metrics may be misleading; (ii) assessment of ecosystem status is feasible for marine ecosystems; (iii) multivariate points of reference can be determined for EBFM; and (iv) the concept of reference directions could provide an ecosystem level analog to single-species reference points.
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Levin, Simon A., and Jane Lubchenco. "Resilience, Robustness, and Marine Ecosystem-based Management." BioScience 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/b580107.

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Sanchirico, James N., Daniel K. Lew, Alan C. Haynie, David M. Kling, and David F. Layton. "Conservation values in marine ecosystem-based management." Marine Policy 38 (March 2013): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.08.008.

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Long, Rachel D., Anthony Charles, and Robert L. Stephenson. "Key principles of marine ecosystem-based management." Marine Policy 57 (July 2015): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.01.013.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marine ecosystem management – Scotland"

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Griffin, Caroline. "The ecological and economic analysis of beach management strategies in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26025.

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Coastlines are particularly susceptible to the necessary trade-offs which occur between different ecosystem services. Should the areas be managed for biodiversity or for people? Where sandy beaches are found there is usually a management decision to be made between managing for recreation or for biodiversity. Many popular tourist beaches (particularly those with a Beach Award) are often groomed with mechanical equipment to remove any stranded seaweed and associated litter which can get entangled in the wrack. This is likely to be having a negative impact on coastal biodiversity, with wide ranging implications for the entire habitat, including the intertidal zone, sand dunes and shorebirds. Beached wrack should be allowed to naturally decompose providing a habitat for numerous species of macro-invertebrates. These macro-invertebrate communities not only include many endemic species found exclusively along the strandline but they also provide a very rich source of food for shorebirds. The re-mineralised nutrients resulting from the decomposed macrophytes should then become available to provide a rich source of nutrients to dune, strandline and marine ecosystems populations of the strandline. In previous studies grooming has been shown to have a negative impact on the invertebrates of the strandline and this study reveals that tidal range has an effect on the impacts of grooming with a higher tidal range having a more negative impact on the invertebrates. A study to observe the impacts of grooming on both adult plant and seed bank communities of the sand dunes found that grooming is having a negative impact on these populations. Grooming is predominantly driven by beach managers who aspire to gain Beach Awards in order to attract tourists to their beaches. Using non-market valuation in the form of a stated preference choice experiment and a travel cost model, it was observed that Beach Awards are not valued by beach goers but are instead influenced to visit a particular beach by good bathing water quality, high levels of biodiversity and low levels of litter. It was also shown that stranded seaweed on the beach does not deter visitors. Future management suggestions include attempting to reduce the confusion arising from the presence of multiple beach awards by either removing them altogether or by making their criteria more clear and direct with consistency in their design and designation. Bathing water quality should be completely removed from the Beach Award system and real-time information in the form of electronic signage and a publicly available App should replace it.
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Gunasekara, Sandya Nishanthi. "Governance of the bay of Bengal large marine ecosystem through ecosystem-based fisheries management." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/213832/1/Sandya%20Nishanthi_Gunasekara_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis assessed the current prospect for implementing an ecosystem-based management for fisheries (EBFM) in the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem from national and regional level perspectives. A central result of the study is that the governance concept had been defined and used imprecisely in the literature. The way the different elements constitute EBFM revealed that both Bay of Bengal LME countries and existing regional fisheries organisations are unlikely to satisfy all the elements on the EBM checklist. The study also observes that the Bay of Bengal countries do not share a common understanding of EBFM.
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Ortiz, Ivonne. "Ecosystem dynamics of the Aleutian Islands /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5370.

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Moosa, Naseera. "An updated model of the krill-predator dynamics of the Antarctic ecosystem." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25490.

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The objective of this thesis is to update the Mori-Butterworth (2006) model of the krill-predator dynamics of the Antarctic ecosystem. Their analysis aimed to determine whether predator-prey interactions alone could broadly explain the observed population trends of the species considered in their model. In this thesis, the Antarctic ecosystem is outlined brie y and details are given of the main krill-eating predators including whales, seals, fish and penguins, together with an historical record of the human harvesting in the region. The abundances and per capita krill consumption of the krill-predators are calculated and used to determine the main krill-predators to be used in the updated model developed. These predators are found to be the blue, fin, humpback and minke whales and crabeater and Antarctic fur seals. The three main ship surveys (IDCR/SOWER, JARPA and JSV) used to estimate whale abundance, and the abundance estimation method itself (called distance sampling), are summarised. Updated estimates of abundance and trends are listed for the main krill-predators. Updated estimates for the biological parameters needed for the ecosystem model are also reported, and include some differences in approaches to those adopted for the Mori-Butterworth model. The background to the hypothesis of a krill-surplus during the mid-20th century is discussed as well as the effects of environmental change in the context of possible causes of the population changes of the main krill-feeding predators over the last century. Key features of the results of the updated model are the inclusion of a depensatory effect for Antarctic fur seals in the krill and predator dynamics, and the imposition of bounds on Ka (the carrying capacity of krill in Region a, in the absence of its predators); these lead to a better fit overall. A particular difference in results compared to those from the Mori-Butterworth model is more oscillatory behaviour in the trajectories for krill and some of its main predators. This likely results from the different approach to modelling natural mortality for krill and warrants further investigation. That may in turn resolve a key mismatch in the model which predicts minke oscillations in the Indo-Pacific region to be out of phase with results from a SCAA assessment of these whales. A number of other areas for suggested future research are listed. The updated model presented in this thesis requires further development before it might be considered sufficiently reliable for providing advice for the regulation and implementation of suitable conservation and harvesting strategies in the Antarctic.
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Cisneros, Montemayor Andrés M. "The economic benefits of ecosystem-based marine recreation : implications for management and policy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25750.

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Even as global fisheries are in decline, participation in ecosystem-based marine recreational activities (MRAs), defined here as recreational fishing, whale watching and diving, has increased around the world, adding a new dimension to human use of the marine ecosystem and another good reason to strengthen marine ecosystem management measures worldwide. After compiling available data for maritime countries, a meta-analysis was used to estimate the yearly global benefits of the largest MRAs. Results suggest that 121 million people a year participate in MRAs, generating 47 billion USD in expenditures and supporting one million jobs. Aside from offering the first global estimation of socioeconomic benefits from MRAs, this work provides insights on their drivers of participation and possible ecological impacts. In the case of whale watching, potential benefits are estimated for maritime countries that do not currently engage in this industry based on ecological and socio-economic criteria. Results suggest that whale watching could generate an additional 413 million USD in yearly revenue, supporting 5,700 additional jobs; this would bring the total potential benefits from the global whale watching industry to over 2.5 billion USD in yearly revenue, supporting 19,000 jobs. Recreational fishing is the largest MRA in the world, and can be a vital component of regional economies. Using available fisheries and ecosystem data, an Ecopath model was used to explore the ecological and economic effects of specific fisheries management measures in Baja California Sur, Mexico, particularly regarding longlining effort reductions and billfish bycatch. Results suggest that currently mandated policies will have little effect on marlin abundance in the area. The effects of ecosystem dynamics in an already overfished system must not be overlooked, as they can negate or even reverse desired outcomes from management. All results are discussed from an economic and conservation policy perspective, with emphasis on potential benefits and limitations.
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Cheung, William W. L. "Changes in Hong Kong's capture fisheries during the 20th century and reconstruction of the marine ecosystem of local inshore waters in the 1950s." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23234386.

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Lewis, Sebastian Giulio. "Competence development in marine protected area professionals: a case study of the South African Marine Protected Area Management Training Course (SAMPATC)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003337.

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This study reviews a training programme on Marine Protected Area (MPA) management. It notes that although MPAs are well promulgated under legislation, reports have found that there are still key challenges facing the management of these areas. The research examines how the course was developed following the Lemm and Attwood (2003) report and designed to develop competences for effective MPA management. The aim is to identify how a MPA management training course produced competences apposite to the workplace settings of the participants. An interpretive case study method was used, in two phases. The first phase explored salient issues in MPA management in South Africa through analysis of the two key ‘state of MPA management’ reports and interviews with MPA professionals. The second was an analysis of the South African Marine Protected Area Management Training Course. This involved interviews with course designers, a review of the course materials, interviews with past course participants, and an analysis of course evaluations. Evidence emerged that supported the following findings: Challenges and problems facing MPA management still exist. Competence in key areas of MPA management was addressed in an effective work-integrated approach. Social learning was a key process in the development of these competences. The competences articulate well with the workplace of participants. Gaps exist between some of the management issues and the competences developed by the course, and some aspects of the course design are ineffective. From these findings it is concluded that: The course took up the majority of issues in MPA management through the development of key competences. The course design facilitated the development of these competences. The competences developed through the course are relevant to the workplace of MPA professionals. The research found that the course adequately addresses issues in MPA management through the development of competences. Some recommendations for improvements are made.
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Barnes, Tomma Kay. "An Integrated Approach for Evaluation and Assessment of Ecosystem Management and Restoration." NSUWorks, 2006. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/88.

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Ecosystem restoration and management seek to repair, improve, or maintain a suite of desired environmental conditions for a specific ecosystem. However, when working on complex ecosystems, where do you start and how can you tell when you are successful? Forecasting ecological effects of restoration scenarios provides a basis for project evaluation and selection of restoration alternatives. Ecological monitoring is essential for assessing ecosystem condition over time. In an integrated approach to adaptive management a forecasting model simulates system response and is validated by monitoring programs to measure actual system response. Monitoring can then feed back as a passive adaptive management tool to modify restoration or management plans. Directed research driven by uncertainties in models and ecosystem response is an active adaptive management strategy for learning and provides a basis to calibrate models. Since all components of an ecosystem cannot be modeled or monitored effectively, scientists and managers rely heavily on ecological indicators to reveal information about ecosystem status and trends. As a result, modeling and monitoring programs focus on indicators that maximize information on ecosystem patterns and processes while minimizing cost and effort. InSouthwest Florida, conceptual ecological models were constructed to support the framework of an applied science strategy by identifying indicators for estuarine ecosystem assessment and evaluation. Forecasting models were created as a set of stressor response (habitat suitability) models for individual species and incorporated into a spatially explicit decision support system to guide selection of the most beneficial restoration alternative.
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Basson, Janine. "Towards operationalising an ecosystem approach to the Namibian rock lobster fishery : identifying management objectives and indicators." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11917.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-84).
The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) Plan of Implementation encourages the implementation of an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) management by 2010. Signatory countries, which include Namibia, have adopted this as being necessary for the sustainable use of their marine resources. However, there has been little progress made towards developing simple structured guidelines for implementing an EAF within fisheries management organisations. As part of an EAF project implemented by the BCLME (Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem) programme, a series of Ecological Risk Assessments (ERA) were conducted for selected fisheries, which focussed on identifying all major issues related to EAF that are not adequately addressed by present management strategies. This methodology was repeated for the Namibian Rock Lobster fishery. Highly prioritised issues from the workshop were used to construct causal maps and value trees, for which indicators were suggested in consultation with stakeholders. The results of the ERA confirmed that there is a severe lack of transparency and shared understanding among stakeholders in the Namibian Rock Lobster Fishery, which is causing high tension and user conflict within the fishery. However, the importance and strength of the ERA process was found to lie in the discussion that it facilitates amongst stakeholders. Causal maps proved very useful in placing perspective on the perceived problems associated with the current management of the Rock Lobster fishery and the hierarchical structuring of value trees proved extremely useful in facilitating the transparency of the process. A list of specific objectives and suggested indicators is presented here, but there remains paucity in the data that are needed to inform some of these suggested indicators. Thresholds for these suggested indicators are defined here and are needed for evaluating the indicators for combination into an overall evaluation of the implementation of an EAF in this fishery. Expert systems are suggested here as a good tool to do so through synthesizing information from a large number of indicators for the decision-making process and to readily incorporate updated information. The tentative set of indicators presented here needs further work. However, the results of the present thesis can be used in designing such a system, to the benefit of the Namibian Rock Lobster fishery and the ecosystem this fishery depends on.
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Diz, Pereira Pinto Daniela. "Towards the implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27916.

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This thesis aims to analyse the law-making of EBFM (ecosystem-based fisheries management) as a post-development of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and as one of the instruments to avoid stocks collapse, destruction of critical habitats, ensuring a healthy marine environment. This analysis focuses on UNCLOS as the main legal instrument governing the use of the ocean and its living resources in the light of recent developments of international law in accordance with the Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties. Therefore, the research concludes that a systemic interpretation of UNCLOS in the light of recent conventions and other legal instruments among their parties provides a legal basis for the implementation of EBFM in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction. The research also discusses the role of regional fisheries management organisations as a key element for the implementation of EBFM. The thesis then looks beyond the issue of interpretation and proposes actual means for the implementation of EBFM in accordance with international law. It suggests that an implementing agreement to UNCLOS should be adopted in order to regulate the establishment of marine protected areas as a tool to EBFM in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction.
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Books on the topic "Marine ecosystem management – Scotland"

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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. Marine ecosystem management. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1993.

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Toscano, Maria P. Ecosystem assessment for marine resource management. Edited by United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2011.

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Wondolleck, Julia M., and Steven L. Yaffee. Marine Ecosystem-Based Management in Practice. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-800-8.

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Belgrano, Andrea, and Charles W. Fowler, eds. Ecosystem-Based Management for Marine Fisheries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511973956.

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A, Mooney Harold, and Ecological Society of America, eds. Ecosystem management for sustainable marine fisheries. Washington, D.C: Ecological Society of America, 1998.

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A, Mooney Harold, and Ecological Society of America, eds. Ecosystem management for sustainable marine fisheries. Washington, D.C: Ecological Society of America, 1998.

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Holliday, Mark C., and Amy B. Gautam. Developing regional marine ecosystem approaches to management. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2005.

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1932-, Sherman Kenneth, and Alexander Lewis M. 1921-, eds. Variability and management of large marine ecosystems. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1986.

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Arreguín-Sánchez, Francisco. La ordenación pesquera: El enfoque de ecosistemas en la pesca : Mejores prácticas en la modelación de ecosistemas para contribuir a un enfoque ecosistémico en la pesca. Roma: Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación, 2009.

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1934-, Jørgensen Sven Erik, ed. Environmental management of marine ecosystems. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Marine ecosystem management – Scotland"

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Malone, Thomas C., and Anthony H. Knap. "Integrated Coastal Zone Monitoring in Support of Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Ecosystem Services." In Environmental Management of Marine Ecosystems, 1–30. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153933-1.

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Frost, Hans, Lars Ravensbeck, Ayoe Hoff, and Peder Andersen. "The Economics of Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management." In Environmental Management of Marine Ecosystems, 157–207. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153933-7.

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Sardá, Rafael, Susana Requena, Carlos Dominguez-Carrió, and Josep Maria Gili. "Ecosystem-Based Management for Marine Protected Areas." In Management of Marine Protected Areas, 145–62. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119075806.ch8.

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Enright, Sarah Ryan, and Ben Boteler. "The Ecosystem Approach in International Marine Environmental Law and Governance." In Ecosystem-Based Management, Ecosystem Services and Aquatic Biodiversity, 333–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45843-0_17.

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McDonald, Hugh, Helene Hoffman, Adriana Ressurreição, Lina Röschel, Holger Gerdes, Manuel Lago, Ben Boteler, Keighley McFarland, and Heliana Teixeira. "Ecosystem-Based Management for More Effective and Equitable Marine Protected Areas: A Case Study on the Faial-Pico Channel Marine Protected Area, Azores." In Ecosystem-Based Management, Ecosystem Services and Aquatic Biodiversity, 499–515. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45843-0_25.

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Crespo, Enrique A., and Martín A. Hall. "Interactions Between Aquatic Mammals and Humans in the Context of Ecosystem Management." In Marine Mammals, 463–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0529-7_13.

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Wan Maznah, W. O., Khairun Yahya, Anita Talib, M. S. M. Faradina Merican, and S. Shuhaida. "Biomonitoring Ecosystem Health: Current State of Malaysian Coastal Waters." In Environmental Management of Marine Ecosystems, 287–305. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153933-11.

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Le Tissier, Martin. "Unravelling the Relationship between Ecosystem-Based Management, Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Marine Spatial Planning." In Ecosystem-Based Management, Ecosystem Services and Aquatic Biodiversity, 403–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45843-0_20.

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Wondolleck, Julia M., and Steven L. Yaffee. "Drawing Lessons from Experience in Marine Ecosystem-Based Management." In Marine Ecosystem-Based Management in Practice, 1–12. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-800-8_1.

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Wondolleck, Julia M., and Steven L. Yaffee. "Navigating International Boundaries in the Gulf of Maine and Puget Sound Georgia Basin." In Marine Ecosystem-Based Management in Practice, 13–41. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-800-8_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Marine ecosystem management – Scotland"

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Yang, Y., L. May, I. Gunn, X. Huang, and J. Liu. "Comparative Studies on Effects of Predation by Fish on Daphnia in Lake Donghu (China) and Loch Leven (Scotland)." In Ecosystem Approaches for Fisheries Management. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/eafm.1999.21.

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Peterman, R. M., B. DeYoung, A. R. Dobell, E. Pinkerton, Y. Breton, A. T. Charles, M. J. Fogarty, G. R. Munro, and C. Taggart. "Canadian Marine Fisheries in a Changing and Uncertain World." In Ecosystem Approaches for Fisheries Management. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/eafm.1999.28.

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Fiselier, Jasper, Bart-Jan Vreman, Sander Dekker, and Hedwig Thorborg. "Ecosystem Based Carbon Footprinting of Marine Engineering Projects." In 8th International Coastal Management Conference. ICE Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/cm.61149.355.

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Pinnix, W. D. "Marine Survival of Puget Sound Coho Salmon: Deciphering the Climate Signal." In Ecosystem Approaches for Fisheries Management. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/eafm.1999.11.

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Ackley, D., and D. Witherell. "Development of a Marine Habitat Protection Area in Bristol Bay, Alaska." In Ecosystem Approaches for Fisheries Management. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/eafm.1999.38.

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Shin, Y. J., and P. Cury. "OSMOSE: A Multispecies Individual-Based Model to Explore the Functional Role of Biodiversity in Marine Ecosystems." In Ecosystem Approaches for Fisheries Management. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/eafm.1999.43.

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Cui, Wanglai, and Lina Yan. "Study on the management of marine industry based on ecosystem." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5689795.

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Kononen, K. "Marine science contribution to the ecosystem-based management of Baltic Sea." In 2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/baltic.2008.4625564.

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Hao, Cui, Hongyuan Li, and Weiqing Meng. "Notice of Retraction: Sustainable Management of Marine Ecosystem in Binhai New Area." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5781551.

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McGinnis, Michael Vincent. "The Politics of Marine Ecosystem Management: The Case of the Channel Islands." In California and the World Ocean 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40761(175)107.

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Reports on the topic "Marine ecosystem management – Scotland"

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Cunningham, Samantha K., Joleah B. Lamb, and Karina Murillo. Managing Marine Seascapes Through Community-based Conservation. American Museum of Natural History, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0003.

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In this multi-component exercise, you have been recruited as community scientists to analyze real-world data collected in Vatu-i-Ra Seascape using non-destructive diver operated video (DOV) methods. These videos were previously collected by the Wildlife Conservation Society in collaboration with local divers in Fiji. Students will quantitatively analyze and use this data to assess the fisheries management efficacy of tabu areas—a traditional Fijian approach to create no-take, Marine Protected Areas—as a method of promoting marine biodiversity and improving overall ecosystem health using metrics such as fish abundance and coral reef complexity. During this exercise you will also learn about the importance and cultural significance of tabu areas in relation to ecosystem health and human livelihoods. You will be directed on how to visualize the results and summarize their conclusions through a written report in the style of a scientific journal article. In the discussion section of your scientific journal article, you are encouraged to critically think about study limitations and discuss future research directions to expand the project.
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Gosnell, J. Stephen, Minkyung Lee, and Will McClintock. Building Marine Reserve Networks to Fit Multiple Needs: An Introduction to Marine Spatial Planning Using SeaSketch. American Museum of Natural History, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0135.

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Marine spatial planning is growing in use as a tool to aid management efforts in coastal and ocean systems. In this exercise, we briefly review the history and rationale behind marine spatial planning and consider its relationship to and use in ecosystem-based management. We then outline an activity that introduces students to marine spatial planning through the use of SeaSketch (http://training-barbuda.seasketch.org). SeaSketch is a web-based program that allows users to create, analyze, and compare how marine protected areas and networks contribute to achieving conservation goals. Building on the use of SeaSketch to engage stakeholders in the creation of reserve networks off the island of Barbuda, students use a SeaSketch training environment to create networks of marine protected areas that meet habitat protection goals and consider how these networks impact local species and human fishing value. After creating and analyzing individual networks, students engage in small- and large-group discussions to consider and compare alternative plans and decide on final choices. At each of these levels, students can compare their chosen plans to the zoning regulations that were approved in Barbuda. A supplementary PowerPoint presentation accompanies the exercise.
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Nordström, M. BONUS XWEBS policy brief No. 2.: A perspective for Baltic Sea food web research – How food web knowledge can be integrated in adaptive ecosystem-based management of marine resources. EU BONUS project XWEBS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/xwebs_policy_brief_2.

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Andersen, Gisle, Christine Merk, Marie L. Ljones, and Mikael P. Johannessen. Interim report on public perceptions of marine CDR. OceanNets, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d3.4.

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This deliverable synthesizes the results on public perceptions of marine CDR methods from the first two years of OceanNETs. The purpose is to inform the other work packages in OceanNETs and stakeholders about our results in a timely and brief manner about the ways members of the public view marine CDR specifically but also in the broader context of net-zero targets and climate policy. The deliverable summarises results of two studies: (1) focus groups held in Germany and Norway that covered ocean fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, artificial upwelling and blue carbon management and (2) a deliberative survey in Norway that covered ocean alkalinity enhancement, macroalgae farming with BECCS or biomass sinking and land-based BECCS and enhanced weathering as terrestrial approaches for comparison. Participants in both studies emphasise the importance of reducing emissions and changing consumptions patterns. They hardly discuss the need to remove CO2 from the atmosphere to reach the Paris climate goal and the concept of negative emissions seems difficult for them to engage with. Among the methods, participants prefer ecosystem-based approaches like mangrove or seagrass restoration over other methods like alkalinity enhancement or ocean fertilization. Participants are concerned about the actual feasibility of deployment at a relevant removal scale and for a longer period. Connected to this are concerns about the controllability of the deployment and the methods’ impact, like difficulties to control negative environmental effects from biomass sinking at the seafloor. They also question the buildup of additional infrastructure or additional interventions into nature on top of already existing human interference. The opportunity to deliberate the methods increases participants’ certainty about their assessment but only slightly changes the direction of the assessment.
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Fox, Clive J., L. Valcic, and Andrea Veszelovszki. Evidence gathering in support of sustainable Scottish inshore fisheries: work package (4) final report: a pilot study to define the footprint and activities of Scottish inshore fisheries by identifying target fisheries, habitats and associated fish stocks. Edited by Mark James and Hannah Ladd-Jones. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.24673.

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[Extract from Executive Summary] This work was conducted under Work package 4 of the European Fisheries Funded program “Evidence Gathering in Support of Sustainable Scottish Inshore Fisheries”. The overall aim of the program was to work in partnership with Marine Scotland Fisheries Policy and with the Scottish Inshore Fisheries Groups to help develop inshore fisheries management. Specifically the program aims were to establish the location of fishing activities within inshore areas; to identify catch composition and associated fishery impacts; to define the environmental footprint and availability of stocks; to develop economic value within local fisheries and; to establish an information resource base to assist the development of inshore fisheries management provisions.
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Greenhill, Lucy. MASTS ‘Brexit’ event – summary report. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.25094.

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Background. As negotiations continue in relation to the UK’s departure from the European Union, considerable uncertainty remains around the final structure of any deal and the implications across all policy areas. Maritime issues are of key concern in Scotland and numerous reports and opinions are accumulating, highlighting significant areas of concern, ranging from fisheries to decommissioning, and some potential opportunities. There is a critical need for knowledge and capacity to support and influence the on-going negotiation process, at both the Scottish and UK level. Expertise regarding the broad range of marine research, operations and commerce is in demand to support discussion, promote interests and secure advances where possible. Such discussion must be based on the best available science but taking into account the socio-economic and historical context. The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland1 (MASTS) is supporting this discussion, providing scientific expertise and promoting the development of emerging policy and progress towards sustainable marine management, during the transition period and for the post-departure UK organisation. This workshop, supported by MASTS, brought government and academia together to consider the legal, governmental and research framework under which Brexit is taking place and to identify priority areas and activities where information can be shared and options considered for enhancing scientific support for the Brexit process. The objectives were to: • Understand current status of Brexit with respect to marine systems and research capacity, including the legislative framework • Identify the priority gaps in knowledge • Develop ways to enhance communication pathways for the best scientific advice required to support the Brexit process.
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Soenen, Karen, Dana Gerlach, Christina Haskins, Taylor Heyl, Danie Kinkade, Sawyer Newman, Shannon Rauch, et al. How can BCO-DMO help with your oceanographic data? How can BCO-DMO help with your oceanographic data?, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27803.

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BCO-DMO curates a database of research-ready data spanning the full range of marine ecosystem related measurements including in-situ and remotely sensed observations, experimental and model results, and synthesis products. We work closely with investigators to publish data and information from research projects supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), as well as those supported by state, private, and other funding sources. BCO-DMO supports all phases of the data life cycle and ensures open access of well-curated project data and information. We employ F.A.I.R. Principles that comprise a set of values intended to guide data producers and publishers in establishing good data management practices that will enable effective reuse.
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Börjesson, Patrik, Maria Eggertsen, Lachlan Fetterplace, Ann-Britt Florin, Ronny Fredriksson, Susanna Fredriksson, Patrik Kraufvelin, et al. Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters. Edited by Ulf Bergström, Charlotte Berkström, and Mattias Sköld. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.10da2mgf51.

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states. In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects. We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats. With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.
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Struthers, Kim. Natural resource conditions at Fort Pulaski National Monument: Findings and management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300064.

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The National Park Service (NPS) Water Resources Division’s Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program initiated an NRCA project with Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU) in 2022. The purpose of an NRCA is to synthesize information related to the primary drivers and stressors affecting natural resource conditions at a park and to report conditions for natural resource topics selected by park managers. Resource conditions are evaluated as either a condition assessment or a gap analysis, depending on data availability. For FOPU’s NRCA, managers selected salt marsh, shorebirds, Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and butterflies as the focal resources. FOPU is comprised of two islands in coastal Georgia, McQueens and Cockspur, which are separated by the Savannah River near its confluence with the Atlantic Ocean. Cockspur Island contains the 19th century masonry fort, Fort Pulaski, and the monument’s visitor services and facilities and is primarily constructed with dredge material from the Savannah River. McQueens Island is almost entirely salt marsh habitat and most of its area is eligible federal wilderness, containing one of Georgia’s oyster recreational harvest areas (RHAs), Oyster Creek RHA. Both McQueens and Cockspur islands are designated as a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Protected Area (MPA), underscoring FOPU’s natural resource significance. Riverine, freshwater, and estuarine wetlands cover 83.81% of FOPU, with the latter accounting for almost 99% of all monument wetlands. Persistently emergent vegetation of smooth cordgrasses (Spartina spp.) and unconsolidated shore represent the dominant wetland types. McQueens Island estuarine wetlands were evaluated for 11 functions and were rated primarily as high functioning, except for the wetland north of Highway 80, where the causeway has altered its ability to function properly. The wetland west of the Highway 80 bend is composed of unconsolidated material so was rated as moderately functioning in carbon sequestration, retention of sediments, and shore stabilization. In contrast, the unconsolidated shore wetland in the Oyster Creek RHA, where the highest concentration of FOPU’s oysters occurs, were rated high for all expected wetland functions. In 2013, over 75% of the total oyster area from within four of Georgia’s RHAs was in the Oyster Creek RHA. A spectral analysis of oyster density in Oyster Creek RHA, comparing 2013 and 2018 images, reported an increase in the high-density class, a decrease in the moderate-low class, and an increase in the no oyster class, with the latter likely a function of how oyster areas were drawn between the images. A successful 2013 enhanced reef project in Oyster Creek RHA reported a pre-enhancement oyster area of 2.68 m2 (28.8 ft2) that increased to 894.2 m2 (0.22 ac) of oysters by 2018. FOPU’s extensive salt marsh habitat and beaches provide critical food sources and habitat for shorebirds in the Atlantic Flyway, especially during the pre-breeding season. The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliates), Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), and the federally threatened rufa subspecies of Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa) are identified as high priority species in the flyway and have been observed on Cockspur Island during the Manomet International Shorebird Surveys (2019–2022) at FOPU. The USFWS (2023) is seeking additional critical habitat designation, which will include Cockspur Island, for the rufa subspecies of Red Knot, whose estimated population abundance trend is declining throughout its entire range. FOPU’s non-wetland, upland habitat is primarily located on Cockspur Island and supports vegetation that can serve as host, roost and/or nectar plants for pollinators, especially butterflies. Cedar–Live Oak–Cabbage Palmetto (Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola–Q. virginiana–Sabal palmetto) Marsh Hammock and Cabbage Palmetto Woodland contain the most diversity of beneficial butterfly plants. While a comprehensive butterfly inventory is needed, fall migration surveys have recorded three target species of the Butterflies of the Atlantic Flyway (BAFA): monarch (Danaus plexippus), gulf fritillary (Agraulis vanillae), and cloudless sulphur (Phoebis sennae). Collectively, FOPU’s natural resources are affected by the sea level, which has risen by 0.35 m (1.15 ft) from 1935 to 2022. Hardened shorelines, such as causeways or armored structures, are identified as the greatest threat to the salt marsh habitat’s ability to migrate upland with continued sea level rise. Erosion along Cockspur Island’s north shore is an ongoing issue and FOPU managers have been working with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop solutions to address the erosion, while also creating habitat for shorebirds. Several agencies routinely monitor for water and sediment pollution in and around FOPU, which, if managed collectively, can inform landscape-level management actions to address drivers that are influencing resource conditions at the ecosystem level.
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Naddafi, Rahmat, Göran Sundblad, Alfred Sandström, Lachlan Fetterplace, Jerker Vinterstare, Martin Ogonowski, and Nataliia Kulatska. Developing management goals and associated assessment methods for Sweden’s nationally managed fish stocks : a project synthesis. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.31cfjep2i0.

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This report summarizes and synthesizes results from the Swedish Agency of Marine and Water Management (SwAM, or HaV) funded project “Förvaltningsmål för nationella arter (Management goals for nationally managed species)”. The objectives of the project have been to promote the development of management goals and associated status assessment methods and indicators, as well as reference points, for some nationally managed fish stocks both in coastal as well as freshwater areas. The report focusses largely on species and stocks that can be defined as data-poor. Such stocks are characterised by marked limitations in data availability and/or resources allocated to detailed analytical stock projections. Data-poor stocks also often lack carefully formulated management goals and associated methods and indicators for assessing stock status. In this report, we provide an overview of potential assessment methods and indicators and try to synthesise how they work and what the strengths and weaknesses are by applying them to selected data poor stocks such as pikeperch, pike, whitefish, and vendace. We also discuss how they relate to different potential management goals and provide recommendations for their application. We grouped the indicators and assessment methods by the three categories that are now used in the yearly status assessment framework provided by SLU Aqua (Resursöversikten/Fiskbarometern) – i) mortality, ii) abundance/biomass and iii) size/age structure. The results are also described for these three main categories of assessment indicators. Included is also a status report from a size- and age-based population dynamics model (Stock Synthesis 3) that is being developed for pikeperch in Lake Hjälmaren. An important experience from the project is that to improve the assessment methods for Swedish national fish stocks, it is important that managers develop both general as well as more detailed quantitative goals for the individual stocks. This should ideally be conducted in various forms of collaboration with the main stakeholders and scientists involved with assessment as participatory processes foster legitimacy. Carefully articulated management goals, which are possible to translate into quantitative targets, will facilitate the development of various approaches and methods to monitor stock statuses. Given the strong and complex interactions of fish and their environments it is also important to consider other pressures than fisheries when developing indicators and assessment methods. Our synthesis highlights a number of areas where the assessment of data-poor stocks can be improved: 1. Apply precautionary principles for data-limited stocks, particularly ones that are known to be vulnerable to exploitation. 2. Tailor approaches to how fisheries are managed in Sweden. Swedish nationally managed fish stocks are not managed by quotas (with one exception, vendace in the Bothnian Bay) and do not aim for maximum sustainable yield. Instead, the coastal and inland fisheries are managed by regulating the effort in the small-scale commercial fisheries (number of fishers/licenses and amount of gear). Regulation of recreational and subsistence fisheries effort, in terms of licenses or number of fishers) is not applied, nor possible since the fisheries is lacking obligatory notification and reporting systems. All national fisheries, however, are regulated by various technical measures (closed areas, size-limits, bag-limits, gear restrictions etc). Thus, goals and assessment methods that result in harvest limits or quota recommendations expressed in e.g. biomass/numbers are difficult to use as basis for management. Instead, there is a need for alternative management goals and associated assessment methods. 3. Use best practice methods and indicators and adapt as scientific knowledge is developed. Data-limited methods are developing rapidly, and new methods/approaches are proposed in the scientific literature every year. It is thus important to be updated on the most recent developments. 4. Clearly describe limitations/assumptions of methods used. It is important to be aware of and critically evaluate the assumptions underlying the analyses, and to carefully communicate uncertainty together with the stock status assessment. 5. Be particularly careful with low sample numbers. Many indicators and methods can be applied also on small sample sizes, however, the accuracy and precision of the estimates risk being low in such cases. 6. Accept that there is no "gold standard" for fisheries assessment. Each case study is unique and needs to be balanced against data availability, local needs and other important factors. This also means that analysts need to be careful when using generic reference levels or “borrowing” data from other stocks. 7. If possible, use several different methods/indicators. Although several indicators aim to measure similar aspects of the stock, small methodological differences can support the overall interpretation of individual indicator values. It is particularly important to incorporate many aspects and indicators (size/age/abundance/mortality) in order to produce a balanced assessment. 8. Develop means of communication. Indicators and goals should be easy to understand. However, interpretation of results from multi-indicator frameworks can be challenging. There is thus a need for finding ways of communication that can convey complicated results in a simple-to-understand manner. 9. For details on additional improvements, we refer the reader to the sub-header “recommendations for the future” found under each chapter. The implementation of Stock Synthesis for pikeperch in Lake Hjälmaren showed that it is possible to develop a more ambitious and detailed stock assessment model for a relatively data-poor stock. The model results partly support earlier interpretations of the development of the stock and the importance of the changes in regulations in 2001 (increased minimum size, increased mesh size and reduced mortality of undersized pikeperch). Before the model can be implemented and used for practical management, a number of actions for improvement are needed, which are highlighted in the relevant chapter. The most important next step is establishing management goals and reference levels for this stock. We recommend that such a dialogue is initiated by managers. The fisheries management goals should consider both biomass, fisheries mortality and size-based targets. To conclude, we stress the importance of improving all ongoing aspects related to the assessments of data-poor Swedish stocks. Strong local stocks and sustainable fisheries are vital for a variety of fisheries-related businesses and practices, particularly in rural areas, providing economical and societal value. Fishes also have important roles in aquatic food-webs and it is important that ecological values are managed wisely in order to reach targets for water quality, ecosystem structure and diversity. Given the strong and complex interactions of fish and their environments it is also important to consider other pressures than fisheries when developing indicators and assessment methods.
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