Journal articles: 'Marine algae as food Australia'

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Holmes, Michael J., Bill Venables, and Richard J. Lewis. "Critical Review and Conceptual and Quantitative Models for the Transfer and Depuration of Ciguatoxins in Fishes." Toxins 13, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080515.

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We review and develop conceptual models for the bio-transfer of ciguatoxins in food chains for Platypus Bay and the Great Barrier Reef on the east coast of Australia. Platypus Bay is unique in repeatedly producing ciguateric fishes in Australia, with ciguatoxins produced by benthic dinoflagellates (Gambierdiscus spp.) growing epiphytically on free-living, benthic macroalgae. The Gambierdiscus are consumed by invertebrates living within the macroalgae, which are preyed upon by small carnivorous fishes, which are then preyed upon by Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson). We hypothesise that Gambierdiscus and/or Fukuyoa species growing on turf algae are the main source of ciguatoxins entering marine food chains to cause ciguatera on the Great Barrier Reef. The abundance of surgeonfish that feed on turf algae may act as a feedback mechanism controlling the flow of ciguatoxins through this marine food chain. If this hypothesis is broadly applicable, then a reduction in herbivory from overharvesting of herbivores could lead to increases in ciguatera by concentrating ciguatoxins through the remaining, smaller population of herbivores. Modelling the dilution of ciguatoxins by somatic growth in Spanish mackerel and coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) revealed that growth could not significantly reduce the toxicity of fish flesh, except in young fast-growing fishes or legal-sized fishes contaminated with low levels of ciguatoxins. If Spanish mackerel along the east coast of Australia can depurate ciguatoxins, it is most likely with a half-life of ≤1-year. Our review and conceptual models can aid management and research of ciguatera in Australia, and globally.

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Rao, Dhana, Jeremy S. Webb, Carola Holmström, Rebecca Case, Adrian Low, Peter Steinberg, and Staffan Kjelleberg. "Low Densities of Epiphytic Bacteria from the Marine Alga Ulva australis Inhibit Settlement of Fouling Organisms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 24 (October 26, 2007): 7844–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01543-07.

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ABSTRACT Bacteria that produce inhibitory compounds on the surface of marine algae are thought to contribute to the defense of the host plant against colonization of fouling organisms. However, the number of bacterial cells necessary to defend against fouling on the plant surface is not known. Pseudoalteromonas tunicata and Phaeobacter sp. strain 2.10 (formerly Roseobacter gallaeciensis) are marine bacteria often found in association with the alga Ulva australis and produce a range of extracellular inhibitory compounds against common fouling organisms. P. tunicata and Phaeobacter sp. strain 2.10 biofilms with cell densities ranging from 102 to 108 cells cm−2 were established on polystyrene petri dishes. Attachment and settlement assays were performed with marine fungi (uncharacterized isolates from U. australis), marine bacteria (Pseudoalteromonas gracilis, Alteromonas sp., and Cellulophaga fucicola), invertebrate larvae (Bugula neritina), and algal spores (Polysiphonia sp.) and gametes (U. australis). Remarkably low cell densities (102 to 103 cells cm−2) of P. tunicata were effective in preventing settlement of algal spores and marine fungi in petri dishes. P. tunicata also prevented settlement of invertebrate larvae at densities of 104 to 105 cells cm−2. Similarly, low cell densities (103 to 104cells cm−2) of Phaeobacter sp. strain 2.10 had antilarval and antibacterial activity. Previously, it has been shown that abundance of P. tunicata on marine eukaryotic hosts is low (<1 × 103 cells cm−2) (T. L. Skovhus et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:2373-2382, 2004). Despite such low numbers of P. tunicata on U. australis in situ, our data suggest that P. tunicata and Phaeobacter sp. strain 2.10 are present in sufficient quantities on the plant to inhibit fouling organisms. This strongly supports the hypothesis that P. tunicata and Phaeobacter sp. strain 2.10 can play a role in defense against fouling on U. australis at cell densities that commonly occur in situ.

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Burke, Catherine, Staffan Kjelleberg, and Torsten Thomas. "Selective Extraction of Bacterial DNA from the Surfaces of Macroalgae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 1 (October 31, 2008): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01630-08.

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ABSTRACT A novel method has been developed for the selective extraction of DNA from surface-associated bacterial communities from the two model marine benthic algae Ulva australis and Delisea pulchra. The extracted DNA had no detectable contamination with host DNA, was recovered in high yield and quality, and was representative of the bacterial community on the algal surfaces. The DNA is suitable for a variety of subsequent applications, including the construction of large-insert clone libraries and metagenomic sequencing.

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Diansyah, Sufal, Ika Kusumawati, and Fandi Hardinata. "INVENTARISASI JENIS-JENIS MAKROALGA DI PANTAI LHOK BUBON KECAMATAN SAMATIGA KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT." JURNAL PERIKANAN TROPIS 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jpt.v5i1.1029.

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Indonesia has tropical marine waters rich in biodiversity. One of the organisms living in Indonesian coastal waters is macroalgae. Algae is one of the marine natural resources of economic value and has an ecological role as a high producer in the food chain and spawning place of marine biota. types of macroalgae have many benefits, ecologically and economically for the community. The ecological benefits of macroalgae are to provide habitat for several types of marine life such as species of crustaceans, mollusca, echinoderms, fish or other small algae. The economic value of macroalgae can be used as food, industrial raw materials, and materials for laboratories such as wet preserved materials, media materials for bacterial and fungal breeding to produce antibiotics, and there are also macroalgal types used as medicines. This study aims to identify and inventory the types of macroalgae in Lhok Bubon waters. The research method used is survey method, by identifying macroalga and inventory of macroalga contained in research location. The results of identification of macroalgae in Lhok Bubon waters are Caulerpa racemosa, Chaetomorpha anteninna, Halimeda micronesica, Boegesenia forbesi, Cladhopora hespetica, Halimeda discoidea, Chaetomorpha sp, Sargasum sp., Sargasum natans, Padina australis, Turbinaria ornata, Canistrocaptus crispatus, Asparagopsis taxiformis, Galaxaura filamentosa, dan Halymenia durvillei.

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Ridley, J. "The role of engineering innovation in Blue Carbon solutions." APPEA Journal 52, no. 2 (2012): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11120.

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Humanity faces the global challenge of safely removing CO2 from the atmosphere to secure a stable climate. Broadly, there are three options: terrestrial, soils and ocean, and coastal blue carbon sinks. Each option has unique characteristics in relation to permanence, leakage, environmental integrity and co-bene?ts. This extended abstract explores opportunities for blue carbon projects and highlights the important role of engineers in advancing the success of these innovative techniques. Examples of blue carbon include salt marshes, mangroves, seagrasses, macro-algae, coral reefs and open-ocean micro-algae. Regional case studies for mangrove rehabilitation and pioneering research in Australia on micro-algae and open-ocean sequestration are also presented. The world’s oceans contain about 90% of the global carbon budget. Nearly half of global primary productivity occurs in the open-ocean; this productivity has been achieved using only 0.05% of the earth’s biomass. Coastal and marine systems are ef?cient at the continuous storage of carbon, retaining it for centuries. Co-bene?ts include coastal protection, ?sh nurseries, marine biodiversity and improved water quality. Blue carbon is therefore not only direct mitigation, but also a major contributor to the adaptation of changing climate, building a more resilient ecology and supporting long-term sustainability, including that of the major carbon-based industries. Engineers are well equipped to lead this blue revolution while working with scientists and carbon professionals. This extended absrtact highlights opportunities for fast-track implementation and the engineering challenges; it draws on case studies to show scaleable solutions for achieving climate and food security.

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Hwang, Charnsmorn, Chih-Hua Chang, Michael Burch, Milena Fernandes, and Tim Kildea. "Effects of Epiphytes and Depth on Seagrass Spectral Profiles: Case Study of Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 2701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152701.

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Seagrasses are a crucial indicator species of coastal marine ecosystems that provide substratum, shelter, and food for epiphytic algae, invertebrates, and fishes. More accurate mapping of seagrasses is essential for their survival as a long-lasting natural resource. Before reflectance spectra could properly be used as remote sensing endmembers, factors that may obscure the detection of reflectance signals must be assessed. The objectives in this study are to determine the influence of (1) epiphytes, (2) water depth, and (3) seagrass genus on the detection of reflectance spectral signals. The results show that epiphytes significantly dampen bottom-type reflectance throughout most of the visible light spectrum, excluding 670–679 nm; the depth does influence reflectance, with the detection of deeper seagrasses being easier, and as the depth increases, only Heterozostera increase in the exact “red edge” wavelength at which there is a rapid change in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. These findings helped improve the detection of seagrass endmembers during remote sensing, thereby helping protect the natural resource of seagrasses.

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Maher, William, Joel Waring, Frank Krikowa, Elliott Duncan, and Simon Foster. "Ecological factors affecting the accumulation and speciation of arsenic in twelve Australian coastal bivalve molluscs." Environmental Chemistry 15, no. 2 (2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en17106.

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Environmental contextKnowledge of the pathways by which arsenic is accumulated and transferred in marine ecosystems is scarce. Molluscs are important keystone organisms providing a link between primary producers (micro and macroalgae) and higher trophic levels such as fish. The present study examines the accumulation and species of arsenic in common bivalve molluscs from south-east Australia to understand the cycling of arsenic in marine food webs. AbstractThe present paper reports the whole-tissue total arsenic concentrations and water-soluble arsenic species in 12 common coastal Australian bivalve mollusc species. Mean arsenic concentrations ranged from 18 to 57 µg g−1 dry mass. Planktivores had significantly less arsenic (20–40 µg g−1; 22 ± 3 µg g−1) than did suspension and deposit feeders (36–57 µg g−1; 43 ± 7 µg g−1), with those associated with fine clay–silt sediments (49 ± 7 µg g−1) having significantly more arsenic than those associated with sand substrates (31 ± 11 µg g−1 ). Most planktivores and suspension feeders had similar arsenic species, with high proportions of arsenobetaine (AB) (64–92 %) and relatively low proportions of other arsenic species (0.55–15.8 %). Lower proportions of AB (13–57 %) and larger proportions of inorganic arsenic (6–7 %) were found in deposit feeders, reflecting increased exposure to inorganic arsenic in sediments. The study indicated that at lower trophic levels, organisms feed on algae and suspended matter containing a range of arsenic species including arsenosugars and AB. The implications for arsenic cycling are that as all bivalve molluscs accumulate AB and are a source of AB in benthic food webs. Because all bivalve molluscs also contained appreciable concentrations of arsenoriboses, precursors are present for the de novo synthesis of AB. As well, deposit feeders have higher proportions of inorganic arsenic that can be metabolised to different end products when ingested by higher trophic organisms

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Kalalo, Julia L., Desy Mantiri, and Joice Rimper. "ANALISIS JENIS-JENIS PIGMEN ALGA COKLAT Padina australis Hauck DARI PERAIRAN LAUT SULAWESI." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 2, no. 1 (December 4, 2014): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.2.1.2014.6352.

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Padina australis Hauck is one of the brown algae that belongs to a class Phaeophyceae, Dictyotales order. This species is very important because it is useful as animal feed, fertilizer, pharmaceutical ingredients, human food and cosmetics. Sample taken in marine waters Sulawesi, precisely in the waters of cape Kalasey, Tongkaina waters, and the waters Blongko. The purpose of this study is to analyze the type of pigment chlorophyll with qualitatively and quantitatively. Process of extraction is done with organic solvent, and the developer with PE and acetone (80:20). Extraction results then analyzed with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 380-700nm, for the type of pigment chlorophyll. Type of pigment found in the pigment extraction P. australis Hauck of three waters is chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b, with an average concentration of chlorophyll-a value that is the highest in the waters Blongko 0.381 µg/ml in PTK3, with a range from 0.293 to 0.381 µg/ml, and lowest in the waters Tongkaina is 0.143 µg/ml PT3, with a range from 0.431 to 0.30 µg/ml.

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Arthur, Karen E., Colin J. Limpus, and Joan M. Whittier. "Baseline blood biochemistry of Australian green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and effects of exposure to the toxic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula." Australian Journal of Zoology 56, no. 1 (2008): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08055.

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Quantifying health in wild marine turtles is challenging because reptiles have characteristically wide-ranging normal reference values for many indicators of health and because of the shortage of population-specific baseline data for wild animals. We measured blood biochemistry profiles (calcium, magnesium, sodium, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose) of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Moreton and Shoalwater Bays, Australia, and compared them in relation to capture site, age, sex and exposure to harmful algal blooms of the toxic cyanobacteria Lyngbya majuscula. Turtles were considered to be clinically healthy when no external injuries or lesions were observed and there was no evidence of disease or emaciation. Differences in blood profiles were detected between sites, but not between age groups or sexes. Turtles that were exposed to L. majuscula generally had lower plasma glucose concentrations and decreased LDH activity, which may represent a metabolic downregulation resulting from food limitation. This study provides the first blood biochemistry reference values for green turtles in Queensland, Australia, that can be used in future assessments of green turtles in these foraging habitats.

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Trewin, N. H., and K. J. McNamara. "Arthropods invade the land: trace fossils and palaeoenvironments of the Tumblagooda Sandstone (?late Silurian) of Kalbarri, Western Australia." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 85, no. 3 (1994): 177–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026359330000359x.

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AbstractThe trace fossils of the Tumblagooda Sandstone (?late Silurian) of Kalbarri, Western Australia are spectacular in their variety and preservation. They provide a unique insight into the activities of the early invaders of terrestrial environments, and reveal the presence of a diverse fauna dominated by arthropods. Within the Formation trace fossil assemblages can be related to fluvial, aeolian and marine sand-dominated environments. Two distinct and diverse ichnofaunas are recognised.The Heimdallia–Diplichnites Ichnofauna occurs in sandstones deposited in broad low sinuosity braided fluvial channels, between which were mixed aeolian and waterlain sandsheets, small aeolian dunes and flooded interdune and deflation hollows. Heimdallia is the major bioturbator, favouring shallow pools. Other burrows include Tumblagoodichnus (gen. nov.), Diplocraterion, Skolithos, Beaconites and Didymaulyponomos. Arthropod trackways (Diplichnites) occur on surfaces of waterlain sands and on foreset bedding of aeolian dunes, and represent some of the earliest reported terrestrial trackways. Other trackways include Paleohelcura and Protichnites, and the digging traces Selenichnites and Rusophycus are also present. At least ten types of arthropods are required to produce the observed traces. Myriapods, eurypterids, euthycarcinoids, xiphosurids and scorpionids are considered responsible for the trackway assemblage.The Skolithos–Diplocraterion Ichnofauna occurs at the top of the exposed section in sandstones that overlie a thick fluvial sequence containing few traces. The strata are considered to represent marine influence at a fluvial/marine transition. They show variable trough cross-bedding, complex planar cross-bedding with down-climbing sets, ripple lamination, and fining-up sequences with bioturbated tops. Traces are dominated by crowded Skolithos up to 1 m long, together with two forms of Diplocraterion. Daedalus and Lunatubichnus (gen. nov.) burrows occur in a few beds and Aulichnites trails cover some foreset surfaces of cross-bedding.The trace fossils and the sedimentology of the Tumblagooda Sandstone bear a remarkable similarity to those of the lower part of the Taylor Group of Antarctica, which is probably Devonian in age. It is suggested that the two represent a similar age, stratigraphy, and range of environments on the margins of Gondwana. Large unvegetated fluvial outwash plains with variable aeolian influence were essentially coastal in character and fluvial/marine transitions occur in sand-rich environments. The animals responsible for the traces inhabited coastal areas but many could survive outwith marine influence, and arthropods responsible for some types of Diplichnites trackways walked out of water.The rich diversity of trackways attributable to arthropods illustrate that the invasion of terrestrial environments by arthropods, particularly large forms, was well-established by the beginning of the Devonian. The basis of the food chain was algal and bacterial films which bound the surface sediment in freshwater pools.

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Rosiana, I. Wayan, Putu Angga Wiradana, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, Yesha Ainensis El G. Pelupessy, Matius Victorino Ola Dame, Agoes Soegianto, Bambang Yulianto, and I. Gede Widhiantara. "Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Three Brown Seaweed (Phaeophyta: Phaeophyceae) Collected from Tourism Area in Sanur Beach, Coast of Denpasar, Bali and Public Health Risk Assessment." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 14, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.33103.

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Highlight Research Brown seaweed heavy metals content varies between species Risk assessment showed low health risk for heavy metal from intake of the three brown seaweed The three types of brown seaweed did not show carcinogenic properties to metal Arsenic (As) Abstract Marine brown seaweed are known as one of the potential biological agents to be developed as functional food and medicinal sectors. This study aims to examine the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) in brown algae (Sargassum aquifolium, Padina australis, and Turbinaria ornata.) and the possible exposure to health risks caused by consumption. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) on brown seaweed samples obtained from three different sites. The average concentration of heavy metals in the dry weight of brown seaweed remains within the guidelines established by The Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) Number 32 of 2019 concerning the Safety and Quality of Traditional Medicines, which is then used to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ and TTHQ), and target cancer risk (TCR) for arsenic associated with food exposure to potentially toxic metallic elements. Each species of brown seaweed has a THQ and TTHQ level of <1, indicating that one or more toxic metal elements in the same meal provide no significant non-carcinogenic risk. The TCR for arsenic in these seaweeds are all less than 1 x 10-4, indicating no cancer risk. There are no chronic health hazards related with the ingestion of brown seaweed harvested from the coast of Sanur Beach at Denpasar, Bali.

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Gao, Donqhui, Roy Okuda, and Viorica Lopez-Avila. "Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Halogenated Monoterpenes from the Red Alga Plocamium cartilagineum." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 1313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.5.1313.

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Abstract Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the marine red alga Plocamium cartilagineum, which is known to contain complex mixtures of halogenated monoterpenes, was investigated. P. cartilagineum samples were extracted by SFE with carbon dioxide and modified carbon dioxide containing up to 10% methanol at different pressure and temperature conditions to establish the optimum conditions for extraction. These conditions were then used in the extraction of halogenated monoterpenes from 2 different samples of P. cartilagineum: one from Davenport, CA, and the other from Casa Beach (San Diego, CA). Several halogenated monoterpenes isolated by conventional solvent extraction with methanol and purified by column chromatography were used as the reference compounds for the determination of the extraction efficiency in the SFE experients. Plocamium cartilagineum belongs to the red alga family—Plocamiaceae, and has been found to contain a large number of halogenated monoterpenes, whose structures typically contain 1–6 bromine and/or chlorine atoms. P. cartilagineum grows along the Pacific coast from Washington to Chile, the British Isles, Australia, and Spain. Interestingly, P. cartilagineum collected from different geographical areas in the world are all reported to produce halogenated monoterpenes, but of different structural types and halogen substitution patterns. Most of these halogenated monoterpenes have been found to exhibit varied biological activities, including antifungal, antimicrobial, and molluscicidal activity.

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Kraft, Gerald T. "Algae of Australia: Marine benthic algae of north-western Australia 2. Red algae." Phycologia 58, no. 2 (February 6, 2019): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2018.1551025.

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Moestrup, Øjvind. "Bibliographic Checklist of Non-marine Algae in Australia." Phycologia 35, no. 6 (November 1996): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-35-6-569.1.

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Rao, Dhana, Jeremy S. Webb, and Staffan Kjelleberg. "Microbial Colonization and Competition on the Marine Alga Ulva australis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 8 (August 2006): 5547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00449-06.

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ABSTRACT Pseudalteromonas tunicata and Roseobacter gallaeciensis are biofilm-forming marine bacteria that are often found in association with the surface of the green alga Ulva australis. They are thought to benefit the plant host by producing inhibitory compounds that are active against common fouling organisms. We investigated factors that influence the ability of P. tunicata and R. gallaeciensis to attach to and colonize the plant surface and also the competitive interactions that occur between these organisms and other isolates from U. australis during biofilm formation on the plant surface. A surprisingly high number of P. tunicata cells, at least 108 cells ml−1, were required for colonization and establishment of a population of cells that persists on axenic surfaces of U. australis. Factors that enhanced colonization of P. tunicata included inoculation in the dark and pregrowth of inocula in medium containing cellobiose as the sole carbon source (cellulose is a major surface polymer of U. australis). It was also found that P. tunicata requires the presence of a mixed microbial community to colonize effectively. In contrast, R. gallaeciensis effectively colonized the plant surface under all conditions tested. Studies of competitive interactions on the plant surface revealed that P. tunicata was numerically dominant compared with all other bacterial isolates tested (except R. gallaeciensis), and this dominance was linked to production of the antibacterial protein AlpP. Generally, P. tunicata was able to coexist with competing strains, and each strain existed as microcolonies in spatially segregated regions of the plant. R. gallaeciensis was numerically dominant compared with all strains tested and was able to invade and disperse preestablished biofilms. This study highlighted the fact that microbial colonization of U. australis surfaces is a dynamic process and demonstrated the differences in colonization strategies exhibited by the epiphytic bacteria P. tunicata and R. gallaeciensis.

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Marcus, Matthew A., and Phoebe J. Lam. "Visualising Fe speciation diversity in ocean particulate samples by micro X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy." Environmental Chemistry 11, no. 1 (2014): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en13075.

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Environmental context Iron-bearing particles in the ocean have attracted interest due to the role of iron as an essential nutrient for microscopic algae, which form the base of the marine food chain. Modern techniques make it possible to analyse individual particles of iron to determine their composition, but the resulting flood of data can be overwhelming. We show a method of simplifying the data to answer such questions as what groups of minerals are present and whether they are different between ocean basins. Abstract It is a well known truism that natural materials are inhomogeneous, so analysing them on a point-by-point basis can generate a large volume of data, from which it becomes challenging to extract understanding. In this paper, we show an example in which particles taken from the ocean in two different regions (the Western Subarctic Pacific and the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean, south of Tasmania) are studied by Fe K-edge micro X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (μXANES). The resulting set of data consists of 209 spectra from the Western Subarctic Pacific and 126 from the Southern Ocean. We show the use of principal components analysis with an interactive projection visualisation tool to reduce the complexity of the data to something manageable. The Western Subarctic Pacific particles were grouped into four main populations, each of which was characterised by spectra consistent with mixtures of 1–3 minerals: (1) Fe3+ oxyhydroxides+Fe3+ clays+Fe2+ phyllosilicates, (2) Fe3+ clays, (3) mixed-valence phyllosilicates and (4) magnetite+Fe3+ clays+Fe2+ silicates, listed in order of abundance. The Southern Ocean particles break into three clusters: (1) Fe3+-bearing clays+Fe3+ oxyhydroxides, (2) Fe2+ silicates+Fe3+ oxyhydroxides and (3) Fe3+ oxides+Fe3+-bearing clays+Fe2+ silicates, in abundance order. Although there was some overlap between the two regions, this analysis shows that the particulate Fe mineral assemblage is distinct between the Western Subarctic Pacific and the Southern Ocean, with potential implications for the bioavailability of particulate Fe in these two iron-limited regions. We then discuss possible advances in the methods, including automatic methods for characterising the structure of the data.

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Barahona, Tamara, María V. Encinas, Mónica Imarai, Andrés Mansilla, Betty Matsuhiro, Rodrigo Torres, and Beatriz Valenzuela. "Bioactive polysaccharides from marine algae." Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre 4, no. 2 (October 2014): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.09.002.

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Skinner, Stephen, and Timothy Entwisle. "Non-marine algae of Australia : 3. Audouinella and Balbiania (Rhodophyta)." Telopea 9, no. 3 (January 5, 2002): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea20024009.

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Mišurcová, L., S. Kráčmar, B. Klejdus, and J. Vacek. "Nitrogen content, dietary fiber, and digestibility in algal food products." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 28, No. 1 (February 18, 2010): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/111/2009-cjfs.

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The basic nutritional aspects and parameters of freshwater and marine algal food products are described. Blue-green algae (Spirulina pacifica, S. platensis), green algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa), red algae (Palmaria palmata, Porphyra tenera), and brown algae (Eisenia bicyclis, Hizikia fusiformis, Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida) were used for this purpose. The ash content, total nitrogen, dietary fibers, and in vitro digestibility of the above-mentioned algal species were studied. The ash contents amounted to 8–11% (for freshwater) and 9–33% (for marine) of the weights of the algal samples. The total nitrogen contents were analysed using a modified Winkler’s method; in the process, higher nitrogen contents were observed in freshwater algae than in marine ones. For the analysis of dietary fiber contents, the instrument Ankom220 Fibre Analyser was used. The marine brown algae species were generally assigned higher contents of dietary fiber than the freshwater algal products. The results of the dietary fiber analysis differed with the methodologies used. Pepsin, pancreatin, and a combination of both were applied for the study of in vitro digestibility. Generally, brown algae showed the worst digestibility in comparison with other algal food products.

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Coppejans, Eric. "Algae of Australia: Marine Benthic Algae of Lord Howe Island and the Southern Great Barrier Reef, 1. Green Algae." Journal of Phycology 44, no. 3 (June 2008): 834–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00529.x.

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Littler, Mark M., and Diane S. Littler. "ALGAE OF AUSTRALIA: MARINE BENTHIC ALGAE OF LORD HOWE ISLAND AND THE SOUTHERN GREAT BARRIER REEF, 2. BROWN ALGAE." Journal of Phycology 46, no. 3 (April 1, 2010): 626–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00847.x.

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Skinner, Stephen, and Timothy Entwisle. "Non-marine algae of Australia : 2. Some conspicuous tuft-forming Cyanobacteria." Telopea 9, no. 3 (January 5, 2002): 685–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea20024008.

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Whitfield, Frank B., Fay Helidoniotis, Kevin J. Shaw, and Denice Svoronos. "Distribution of Bromophenols in Species of Marine Algae from Eastern Australia." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, no. 6 (June 1999): 2367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf981080h.

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Yung, Pui Yi, Catherine Burke, Matt Lewis, Staffan Kjelleberg, and Torsten Thomas. "Novel Antibacterial Proteins from the Microbial Communities Associated with the SpongeCymbastela concentricaand the Green AlgaUlva australis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 4 (December 23, 2010): 1512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02038-10.

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ABSTRACTThe functional metagenomic screening of the microbial communities associated with a temperate marine sponge and a green alga identified three novel hydrolytic enzymes with antibacterial activities. The results suggest that uncultured alpha- and gammaproteobacteria contain new classes of proteins that may be a source of antibacterial agents.

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Song, Shuang, Haoran Peng, Qingling Wang, Zhengqi Liu, Xiuping Dong, Chengrong Wen, Chunqing Ai, Yujiao Zhang, Zhongfu Wang, and Beiwei Zhu. "Inhibitory activities of marine sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2." Food & Function 11, no. 9 (2020): 7415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo02017f.

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Millar, Alan J. K. "New records of marine benthic algae from New South Wales, eastern Australia." Phycological Research 52, no. 2 (June 2004): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2004.tb00320.x.

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Entwisle, Timothy J., and John Huisman. "Algal systematics in Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 11, no. 2 (1998): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb97006.

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Documentation of the algal flora of Australia had its beginnings in the seventeenth century and has progressed sporadically but with increasing vigour ever since. Earlier studies dealing with Australian algae were undertaken by overseas phycologists working with specimens collected during scientific voyages or short visits. Recent floristic studies have concentrated on specific regions, isolated localities, or particular taxonomic or ecological groupings. The algal flora of Australia is unevenly documented: northern Australia remains largely uncollected for seaweeds and marine phytoplankton, freshwater algal sampling sites are eclectically scattered across Australia, and collecting of terrestrial algae has been almost completely neglected. At present, numbers and names of species reported from Australia can only be provisional, and an immense amount of floristic and revisionary work is needed before we can match our current knowledge of the vascular plant flora. Until recently, documentation of records was poor and voucher material seldom adequate. We recommend extensive collecting, thorough taxonomic revisions, and regular contribution to Floras and guidebooks. A critical corollary is the training and employment of systematic phycologists in Australian herbaria and universities. Only then can we follow the path that leads ‘beyond the Floras’.

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Millar, AJK. "Marine red algae of the Coffs Harbour region, northern New South Wales." Australian Systematic Botany 3, no. 3 (1990): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9900293.

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The marine benthic red algae of the Coffs Harbour region are described and illustrated in detail. The survey constitutes the first ever detailed descriptive and illustrative mainland regional monograph of any area along the entire eastern Australian seaboard. Collections made intertidally and to depths of 20 m have included 119 species in 74 genera, 26 families, and 8 orders of Rhodophyta, of which 54 (45%) were previously unrecorded from eastern Australia, 22 (18%) are new records for the whole of Australia (16 being new Southern Hemisphere records), 1 (Dictyothumnion) constitutes a new genus, and 16 (13%) are new species in the genera Gracilaria, Curdiea, Botryocladia, Dictyothamnion, Antithamnion, Ceramium, Callithumnion, Anotrichium, Nitophyllum, Phycodrys, Apoglossum, Dasya, Fernandosiphonia, and Herposiphonia. Also included are major Australian revisions of the genera Martensia and Nitophyllum, and six new combinations are proposed (Chondria infestans, Curdiea angustata, Dasya pilosa, Haraldiophyllum sinuosum, Myriogramme pulchellum, and Stenograrnme phyllophoroides). The Coffs Harbour flora, although related to the north-eastern and, to a lesser degree, southern Australian floras, has a number of species previously known only from much more remote localities, such as Japan (6 species), California (4 species), New Zealand (3 species), India (2 species), South America (2 species), the Galapagos Islands (1 species), China (1 species), South Africa (1 species), and the Mediterranean (1 species). Twelve of the 22 species newly recorded for Australia show a definite western Pacific distribution, a region with which the overall Coffs Harbour flora has strong affinities.

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Navaith Ahmed S and Usharani B. "A review on medicinal and commercial use of Marine Algae." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 1745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i3.4777.

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Algae are a various group of autotrophic organisms that varies from unicellular to multicellular forms and found in saltwater as well as freshwater. They are key producers with a great source of nutrients and vitamins. In the last few decades’ discovery of biological activity from marine algae has increased significantly. Seaweed offers wide range of therapeutic possibilities both externally and internally as they are good source of neutraceuticals and potent drug. Seaweed is widely distributed along temperate and tropical coastlines of the world and they found to depths of 50-60 meters. Our focus is on the potential applications of the medical field. It is used as medicine, food and supplement for ages and also found in rudimentary applications in the cosmetics and industrial industry. The potential uses of algae in the medical field are based on properties like antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antieczemic etc., The nutrient value in the algae envisages it as a potential supplement for vitamins. Algae is accepted as complete food as it is well balanced with carbohydrates, proteins, essential amino acids, minerals and vitamins and they are commonly named superfoods. Medicinal properties of different algae species attract the attention of scientists worldwide for the synthesis of pharmaceutical products that promote good health. Algae are also widely used in Obesity management which is one of the great challenges of the century.

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Phillips, J. A., and I. R. Price. "A catalogue of Phaeophyta (brown algae) from Queensland, Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 10, no. 5 (1997): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb96027.

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A catalogue of 126 species of benthic marine brown macroalgae (Phaeophyta) hasbeen compiled for the coastline of tropical–subtropical Queensland,Australia. This number represents a significant decrease compared to the 139brown macroalgal species previously recorded for the State (Lewis 1985).Cutleria mollis Allender & Kraft,Padina gymnospora (KÜtzing) Sonder, andTaonia australasica J.Agardh are newly recorded forQueensland. With the exception of the genus Sargassum, ataxonomically difficult genus in urgent need of revision, misidentificationshave been corrected and erroneous records excluded from the flora. Species ofthe Fucales (59 species), particularly the genusSargassum (51 species), and the Dictyotales (31 species)comprise approximately three quarters of the total number of species recordedand often are ecologically important as dominant species in lower intertidaland subtidal communities. The flora is composed of predominantly tropicalspecies, but also includes temperate species which range into subtropicalsouthern Queensland. However, the geographical ranges of most species remainpoorly documented and little is known of their patterns of abundance orhabitat specificity. Consequently, it is not currently possible to determinethe conservation status of many Queensland brown algal species.

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Lever, James, Robert Brkljača, Gerald Kraft, and Sylvia Urban. "Natural Products of Marine Macroalgae from South Eastern Australia, with Emphasis on the Port Phillip Bay and Heads Regions of Victoria." Marine Drugs 18, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18030142.

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Marine macroalgae occurring in the south eastern region of Victoria, Australia, consisting of Port Phillip Bay and the heads entering the bay, is the focus of this review. This area is home to approximately 200 different species of macroalgae, representing the three major phyla of the green algae (Chlorophyta), brown algae (Ochrophyta) and the red algae (Rhodophyta), respectively. Over almost 50 years, the species of macroalgae associated and occurring within this area have resulted in the identification of a number of different types of secondary metabolites including terpenoids, sterols/steroids, phenolic acids, phenols, lipids/polyenes, pheromones, xanthophylls and phloroglucinols. Many of these compounds have subsequently displayed a variety of bioactivities. A systematic description of the compound classes and their associated bioactivities from marine macroalgae found within this region is presented.

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Jasonsmith, J. F., W. Maher, A. C. Roach, and F. Krikowa. "Selenium bioaccumulation and biomagnification in Lake Wallace, New South Wales, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 12 (2008): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08197.

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Selenium concentrations were measured in water, sediments and organisms inhabiting a freshwater coal power station cooling reservoir. Se concentrations found were: water, 1.9 ± 2 μg L–1; sediment, 7 ± 1 μg g–1; phytoplankton, 3.4 μg g–1; zooplankton, 5.3 μg g–1; epiphytic algae, 1.3 ± 0.2 μg g–1; benthic algae, 8 ± 2 μg g–1; macrophyte leaves, 2.7–2.8 μg g–1; macrophyte roots, 0.5–6.5 μg g–1; detritus, 10 μg g–1; Oligochaeta, 11 μg g–1; Corbiculidae, 1.1 μg g–1; Insects, 3.7–8.3 μg g–1; Gastropoda, 3.2 μg g–1; Crustacea, 3.1–6 μg g–1; whole fish, 2.2–13 μg g–1; and fish liver, 134–314 μg g–1. Bioconcentration factors were similar to those found in aquatic ecosystems with comparable Se concentrations in the water column. A food web was constructed with four main food chains (phytoplankton, epiphytic algae, benthic algae and sediment/detrital), with fish fed from multiple pathways. Biomagnification only occurs along food chains for flathead gudgeons and rainbow trout. Se concentrations in food sources were above the 3 μg g–1 dietary Se level considered to induce teratogenesis in fish spawning. Flathead gudgeons were found to be suffering teratogenesis and rainbow trout showed no evidence of teratogenesis.

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Petrov, Kristen, Jessica Lewis, Natasha Malkiewicz, James U. Van Dyke, and Ricky-John Spencer. "Food abundance and diet variation in freshwater turtles from the mid-Murray River, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17060.

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Consumers usually respond to variations in prey availability by altering their foraging strategies. Generalist consumers forage on a diversity of resources and have greater potential to ‘switch’ their diet in response to fluctuations in prey availability, in comparison to specialist consumers. We aimed to determine how the diets of two specialist species (the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) and the broad-shelled turtle (Chelodina expansa) and the more generalist Murray River short-necked turtle (Emydura macquarii) respond to variation in habitat and prey availability. We trapped and stomach-flushed turtles, and compared their diets along with environmental variables (turbidity, macrophyte and filamentous green algae cover, and aquatic invertebrate diversity and abundance) at four wetlands in north-central Victoria. Diets of E. macquarii differed from those of both Chelodina species, which overlapped, across all four sites. However, samples sizes for the two Chelodina species were too small to compare among-wetland variation in diet. Dietary composition of E. macquarii was variable but did not differ statistically among sites. Emydura macquarii preferentially selected filamentous green algae at three of the four sites. Where filamentous green algae were rare, total food bolus volume was reduced and E. macquarii only partially replaced it with other food items, including other vegetation, wood, and animal prey. Many turtles at these sites also had empty stomachs. Thus, filamentous green algae may be a limiting food for E. macquarii. Although E. macquarii has previously been described as a generalist, it appears to have limited ability to replace filamentous green algae with other food items when filamentous green algae are rare.

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Underwood, A. J., and S. J. Kennelly. "Ecology of marine algae on rocky shores and subtidal reefs in temperate Australia." Hydrobiologia 192, no. 1 (March 1990): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006224.

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NAHAS, R., D. ABATIS, M. ANAGNOSTOPOULOU, P. KEFALAS, C. VAGIAS, and V. ROUSSIS. "Radical-scavenging activity of Aegean Sea marine algae." Food Chemistry 102, no. 3 (2007): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.05.036.

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Taylor, Vivien F., Brian P. Jackson, Matthew R. Siegfried, Jana Navratilova, Kevin A. Francesconi, Julie Kirshtein, and Mary Voytek. "Arsenic speciation in food chains from mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vents." Environmental Chemistry 9, no. 2 (2012): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en11134.

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Environmental contextArsenic occurs in marine organisms at high levels and in many chemical forms. A common explanation of this phenomenon is that algae play the central role in accumulating arsenic by producing arsenic-containing sugars that are then converted into simpler organic arsenic compounds found in fish and other marine animals. We show that animals in deep-sea vent ecosystems, which are uninhabited by algae, contain the same organic arsenic compounds as do pelagic animals, indicating that algae are not the only source of these compounds. AbstractArsenic concentration and speciation were determined in benthic fauna collected from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents. The shrimp species, Rimicaris exoculata, the vent chimney-dwelling mussel, Bathymodiolus azoricus, Branchipolynoe seepensis, a commensal worm of B. azoricus and the gastropod Peltospira smaragdina showed variations in As concentration and in stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) signature between species, suggesting different sources of As uptake. Arsenic speciation showed arsenobetaine to be the dominant species in R. exoculata, whereas in B. azoricus and B. seepensis arsenosugars were most abundant, although arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinate and inorganic arsenic were also observed, along with several unidentified species. Scrape samples from outside the vent chimneys covered with microbial mat, which is a presumed food source for many vent organisms, contained high levels of total As, but organic species were not detectable. The formation of arsenosugars in pelagic environments is typically attributed to marine algae, and the pathway to arsenobetaine is still unknown. The occurrence of arsenosugars and arsenobetaine in these deep sea organisms, where primary production is chemolithoautotrophic and stable isotope analyses indicate food sources are of vent origin, suggests that organic arsenicals can occur in a foodweb without algae or other photosynthetic life.

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Gómez-Cortés, Pilar, Miguel Angel de la Fuente, Francisco Peña Blanco, Nieves Núñez-Sánchez, Francisco Requena Domenech, and Andrés L. Martínez Marín. "Feeding Algae Meal to Feedlot Lambs with Competent Reticular Groove Reflex Increases Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Meat." Foods 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020366.

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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of supplementing marine algae as a source of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) in the diet, mixed in the concentrate or bottle-fed, on intramuscular fat FA composition of lambs with competent reticular groove reflex (RGR). Forty-eight feedlot lambs were distributed in three equal groups: one group did not consume marine algae nor had competent RGR, the second group received a daily dose (2.5%) of algae meal in the concentrate and the last group consumed the same dose of algae meal emulsified in milk replacer and bottle-fed. Marine algae raised the contents of EPA, DPA, and mainly DHA in the intramuscular fat, but the increase was significantly higher when algae meal was administered with a bottle via RGR. This strategy could contribute to improvements in the marketing of lamb meat by optimizing its status as a healthier food.

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Whitfield, F. B., K. J. Shaw, and D. I. Walker. "The Source of 2,6-Dibromophenol: Cause of an Iodoform Taint in Australian Prawns." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0044.

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The presence of 2,6-dibromophenol in prawn meat in concentrations above 60 ng/kg produces a detectable iodoform-like flavour. This compound is usually accompanied by other bromophenols including .2- and 4-bromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol. Previous studies have suggested that some marine algae and bryozoa from the Gutters region of Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia, were the possible sources of these compounds in the local endeavour prawn Metapenaeusendeavouri. Recently, a selection of eight marine algae, two bryozoa, a hydroid and eight sponges were collected from this region and were extracted by simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction. The extracts were analysed for bromophenols by high resolution gas chromatography-multiple ion detection-mass spectrometry. Quantitative data were obtained on individual compounds by the use of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trichloroanisole as an internal standard. 2-Bromophenol, 2,4- and 2,6-dibromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol were shown to be present in all species and 4-bromophenol in all but two species of marine algae. The concentrations of these compounds varied from 0.1 µg/kg for 4-bromophenol in a marine algae to 240 µg/kg for 2,4,6-tribromophenol in a sponge. The highest concentration of 2,6-dibromophenol was found in a bryozoan (96 µg/kg) and the lowest in a marine algae (0.29 µg/kg). In general, there was about 30 times more of the latter compound in the bryozoa than in the algae. Sponges contained about one twelfth of that found in bryozoa. This paper discusses the significance of these results for the possible origin of 2,6-dibromophenol in endeavour prawns, taking into account the latest data available on the feeding habits of penaeid prawns.

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Sen Sarkar, Neera, and Srijonee Choudhury. "Algae as Source of Natural Flavour Enhancers - A Mini Review." Plant Science Today 4, no. 4 (October 19, 2017): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2017.4.4.338.

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Algae are popular sources of food, fodder, feed, fuel, fertilizers, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, and other co-products. The reason for preferring algae as source of a wide array of commercial products is that provisions for algal biomass production for application in different fields are long-term, pro-environmental and sustainable. This is related to the numerous varieties of ways and places in which algae can grow naturally or can be cultivated for commercialization. The fact that different species of algae have traditionally been used as preferred food or delicacy throughout the world speaks volumes about the taste attributes of edible algae. However, the use of algae or its derivatives as taste or flavour enhancers has not been explored enough, though sporadic works and reports can be found worldwide. This review attempts to scout the role of algae in imparting flavours in various cuisines made from algae or algae derived products. Also a number of fish and marine organisms have been reported to have flavours which are considered to contain flavour-enhancing compounds derived from algae, with uniqueness in such tastes been attributed to algae. Contrary to this, few algae have also been reported to impart “off-flavour” in some marine organisms. The present review brings together all such available reports to open avenues in bio-prospecting algae for extracting natural flavour enhancing products to enhance flavours of food items deficit in these appetite-stimulating flavours. Further, this review could stimulate research on “off-flavour” producing algae to remove distaste or toxicity imparting compounds by modification of biochemical pathways.

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Maroske, Sara. "Hugh Bryan Spencer Womersley 1922–2011." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 2 (2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr19003.

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Hugh Bryan Spencer Womersley disliked the word ‘seaweed’, and objected every time it was spoken in his presence. To him algae were not ‘weeds’ but beautiful organisms, well worthy of making the subject of a lifetime of scientific study. As was common in the middle of the twentieth century, Womersley did not begin his career as a phycologist, but rather found himself specialising in this life form after discovering how richly represented and little known it was along the coast of southern Australia. In his seventy-year association with the University of Adelaide, Bryan transformed the study of phycology in Australia, attracting a pool of talented students to contribute to his grand project of a marine benthic flora of southern Australia, and to carry the study of algae forward into the next generation. Being a pioneer in the field gave him opportunities for ground-breaking research and an overview of the discipline as it developed, positioning him as the leading expert on Australian algae in the international phycological community.

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Barwell, Clive J. "Pharmacologically-Active Amines in Some Marine Algae and Algal Food Products." Journal of Home & Consumer Horticulture 1, no. 1 (October 14, 1993): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j280v01n01_04.

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Mayakrishnan, Vijayakumar, Priya Kannappan, Noorlidah Abdullah, and Abdul Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed. "Cardioprotective activity of polysaccharides derived from marine algae: An overview." Trends in Food Science & Technology 30, no. 2 (April 2013): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2013.01.007.

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Besednova, Natalya N., Tatyana S. Zaporozhets, Boris G. Andryukov, Sergey P. Kryzhanovsky, Svetlana P. Ermakova, Tatyana A. Kuznetsova, Anastasia N. Voronova, and Mikhail Y. Shchelkanov. "Antiparasitic Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Hydrobionts." Marine Drugs 19, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19110637.

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This review presents materials characterizing sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) of marine hydrobionts (algae and invertebrates) as potential means for the prevention and treatment of protozoa and helminthiasis. The authors have summarized the literature on the pathogenetic targets of protozoa on the host cells and on the antiparasitic potential of polysaccharides from red, brown and green algae as well as certain marine invertebrates. Information about the mechanisms of action of these unique compounds in diseases caused by protozoa has also been summarized. SPS is distinguished by high antiparasitic activity, good solubility and an almost complete absence of toxicity. In the long term, this allows for the consideration of these compounds as effective and attractive candidates on which to base drugs, biologically active food additives and functional food products with antiparasitic activity.

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Pires-Cavalcante, Kelma Maria dos Santos, Daniel Barroso de Alencar, Márcia Barbosa de Sousa, Alexandre Holanda Sampaio, and Silvana Saker-Sampaio. "Seasonal Changes of α-Tocopherol in Green Marine Algae (Caulerpa genus)." Journal of Food Science 76, no. 5 (April 27, 2011): C775—C781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02182.x.

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Ahmadi, Azin, Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi, Sazaly Abubakar, and Keivan Zandi. "Antiviral Potential of Algae Polysaccharides Isolated from Marine Sources: A Review." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/825203.

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From food to fertilizer, algal derived products are largely employed in assorted industries, including agricultural, biomedical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Among different chemical compositions isolated from algae, polysaccharides are the most well-established compounds, which were subjected to a variety of studies due to extensive bioactivities. Over the past few decades, the promising results for antiviral potential of algae-derived polysaccharides have advocated them as inordinate candidates for pharmaceutical research. Numerous studies have isolated various algal polysaccharides possessing antiviral activities, including carrageenan, alginate, fucan, laminaran, and naviculan. In addition, different mechanisms of action have been reported for these polysaccharides, such as inhibiting the binding or internalization of virus into the host cells or suppressing DNA replication and protein synthesis. This review strives for compiling previous antiviral studies of algae-derived polysaccharides and their mechanism of action towards their development as natural antiviral agents for future investigations.

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Amaral, Valter, Henrique N. Cabral, and Melanie J. Bishop. "Effect of runoff from acid-sulfate soils on pneumatophores of the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 8 (2011): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11003.

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Runoff from acid-sulfate soils (ASS) is increasingly threatening the structure and function of estuarine ecosystems worldwide. Along the eastern coast of Australia, sulfuric acid is known to affect the growth and survival of mangrove saplings; however, impacts of ASS runoff on the structure and function of established mangrove trees are unclear. Pneumatophores, the aerial roots produced by some species of mangrove, are critical sites of gas exchange, allowing these species to persist in waterlogged soils. They also provide physical structure in estuarine sediments, facilitating communities of algae, invertebrates and, at high tide, fish. We tested the hypotheses that Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. pneumatophores would be less abundant, shorter, thinner and weaker close to major ASS outflow drains. Sampling at sites close to and away from drains within each of two estuaries of New South Wales, Australia, showed no effect of exposure to runoff on pneumatophore density or thickness. Pneumatophores were, however, shorter (~2 cm) and weaker (up to two-fold) at ASS-affected than reference sites. Although the reduced length and strength of pneumatophores at acidified sites may limit the number of epifaunal molluscs they can support, the persistence of dense pneumatophores indicates that the capacity to benefit invertebrates and fish remains.

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Skinner, Stephen, and Timothy Entwisle. "Non-marine algae of Australia:1. Survey of colonial gelatinous blue-green macroalgae (Cyanobacteria)." Telopea 9, no. 3 (January 5, 2002): 573–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea20024003.

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Entwisle, Timothy, and Stephen Skinner. "Non-marine algae of Australia : 4. Floristic survey of some colonial green macroalgae (Chlorophyta)." Telopea 9, no. 3 (January 5, 2002): 725–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea20024010.

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Bird, C. J., and J. P. van der Meer. "Systematics of economically important marine algae: a Canadian perspective." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-040.

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Marine algae of economic importance encompass species of positive value, such as seaweeds harvested for food or hydrocolloid extractives, and species with negative effect, such as toxic phytoplankton or nuisance macrophytes. Only a small part of the global algal resource is obtained in Canada, and the overall benefit to the nation's economy is relatively minor, but there exists the potential for further development of useful species. On the other hand, the negative effects of toxic microalgae are increasing, in the form of losses to the shellfish fishery and aquaculture industry and the cost of providing toxicity-testing and phytoplankton-monitoring services. It is obvious that effective utilization of valuable algae, or defense against undesirable ones, must be attended by sound taxonomy to ensure that algae of interest are correctly identified and recognizable. However, the algae present particular problems to systematists, a major one being the variety of life histories, which may involve independent and conspicuous dissimilar phases. In addition, many algae are phenotypically highly variable in response to environment, which is often insufficiently appreciated. The converse situation also exists, in that morphologically similar species are sometimes regarded as a single entity. Algal taxonomists should strive to determine which variations are genetic and therefore taxonomically significant. To illustrate these points, we review recent taxonomic studies on some algal genera of present or potential economic importance in Canada. Key words: marine algae, systematics, economic potential, variability, genetics.

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Nieri, Paola, Sara Carpi, Roberta Esposito, Maria Costantini, and Valerio Zupo. "Bioactive Molecules from Marine Diatoms and Their Value for the Nutraceutical Industry." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020464.

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The search for novel sources of nutrients is among the basic goals for achievement of sustainable progress. In this context, microalgae are relevant organisms, being rich in high-value compounds and able to grow in open ponds or photobioreactors, thus enabling profitable exploitation of aquatic resources. Microalgae, a huge taxon containing photosynthetic microorganisms living in freshwater, as well as in brackish and marine waters, typically unicellular and eukaryotic, include green algae (Chlorophyceae), red algae (Rhodophyceae), brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). In recent decades, diatoms have been considered the most sustainable sources of nutrients for humans with respect to other microalgae. This review focuses on studies exploring their bio-pharmacological activities when relevant for human disease prevention and/or treatment. In addition, we considered diatoms and their extracts (or purified compounds) when relevant for specific nutraceutical applications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Marine algae as food Australia'

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