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Journal articles on the topic 'Mari archives'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Stol, M., Jean-Marie Durand, Dominique Charpin, Francis Joannes, Sylvie Lackenbacher, and Bertrand Lafont. "Archives épistolaires de Mari, I. 1." Journal of the American Oriental Society 111, no. 3 (July 1991): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/604308.

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2

Miglio, Adam. "Authority and Persuasion:." Claroscuro. Revista del Centro de Estudios sobre Diversidad Cultural, no. 18 (December 30, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi18.69.

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This essay explores rhetorically significant uses of repetition in the Mari letter ARM 26.5. After briefly introducing the intent of ARM 26.5 and overviewing selected uses of repetition in this missive, it treats the verbal form ŠU-UḪ-ḪU and considers its meaning as well as its significance as an instance of paronomasia. It also briefly reflects on the larger issue of persuasion and its relationship to authority during the period documented by the archives from Mari.

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3

Charpin, Dominique. "Les Archives Royales de Mari, 85 ans de recherche." Claroscuro. Revista del Centro de Estudios sobre Diversidad Cultural, no. 18 (December 30, 2019): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi18.59.

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Le 85e anniversaire du début des fouilles de Tell Hariri est présenté comme l'occasion de retracer l'histoire de la découverte et de la publication des Archives Royales de Mari. La plupart des tablettes ont été découvertes de la 2e à la 5e campagne, entre 1934 et 1937. En absence d'inventaire sur le site, les tablettes n'ont pas été distribuées selon la loi sur les antiquités de l'époque, et ont été envoyées en France pour son étude; d'où elles retournèrent progressivement en Syrie. En 2005, toutes les tablettes étaient à leur lieu d'origine, principalement le musée Derez-Zor. Cet article décrit les étapes de restauration des tablettes (cuisson et assemblage de fragments), le déchiffrement et la reproduction. Une deuxième partie traite de l'organisation de la recherche, en commençant par la stratégie de publication, tant pour la correspondance que pour les documents administratifs, et son évolution dans le temps. L'«équipe Mari » a développé plusieurs outils de travail, les plus récents basés sur l'utilisation d'ordinateurs. La troisième partie résume le travail réalisé par une cinquantaine de personnes sur 4 générations. Finalement, quelques thèmes de recherche récente sont abordés, pour conclure sur les perspectives d'avenir d'un des projets scientifiques les plus importants en Assyriologie.

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4

Tokhtieva, Larisa N., and Elena K. Mineeva. "PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE TEACHING COMMUNITY OF CHUVASHIA (1917–1941): HISTORIOGRAPHIC ASPECT." Historical Search 1, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-148-160.

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The paper analyzes the sources, first introduced into the scientific circulation, extracted from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and five regional archives: the National Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, the State Archive of the Mari El Republic, the State Historical Archive of the Chuvash Republic, the State Archive of Modern History of the Chuvash Republic, the State Press Archive of the Chuvash Republic as well as from the current archives of general education organizations. The article presents a review of materials extracted from the Chuvash National, Poretsky historical and local history, school museums, the Museum of Public Education of the Chuvash Republic. Published sources are characterized in detail: normative legal acts, government and party resolutions, departmental materials, collections of documents, works of state and public figures, statistics, memoirs, reference materials, periodicals. According to the authors, it is essential to examine existing sources in a complex, comparing and contrasting them, with a view to identify the extent of their reliability. Multiplicity and diversity in the form and content of the presented historical sources create conditions for concretization, analysis, comparison, systematization and synthesis of all the collected information for deeper studying various aspects of evolvement and development of the Soviet school in Chuvashia in 1917–1941.

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5

van Koppen, Frans. "THE ORGANISATION OF INSTITUTIONAL AGRICULTURE IN MARI." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 44, no. 4 (2001): 451–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685200160052595.

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AbstractThe archives from the time of Zimri-Lim (1678-1664 BC) found in the palace at Mari allow a reconstruction of the accounting practises associated with institutional agriculture. Both the local relations of production and the political goals of the state are assessed in determining land use. The central government restricted itself to the distribution of a variety of resources to its rural estates and to the organisation of supplementary labourers. The "farmer" (ikkarum) managed the basic work unit, plough teams, in order to meet production goals, but his simultaneous contracts with directors of different estates both allowed for his investment (and private gain) and stimulated efficient employment of the palace's resources. This practice provided flexibility for the central government's management of its agricultural estates. Les archives de l'époque de Zimri-Lim (1678-1664 BC) exhumés dans le palais de Mari permettent une reconstruction de la système de comptabilité de l'agriculture institutionelle. Les moyens de production disponibles et des considérations politiques déterminaient l'emploi des terres. Le gouvernement se bornait à la distribution des ressources et à l'organisation de la main-d'oeuvre supplémentaire. Le "cultivateur" (ikkarum) dirigeait les unités de base de l'agriculture, les charrues, afin de produire une récolte fixée. Il investissait des ressources privées (et pourait en profiter) et dirigait des charrues dans des domaines agricoles differentes, que permettait un emploi economique de resources du palais. Cette pratique fournissait de la flexibilité dans un régime dirigé de façon centralisée.

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6

Sasson, Jack. "Comparative Bible Research and the Mari Archives. Comments and Reflections." Claroscuro. Revista del Centro de Estudios sobre Diversidad Cultural, no. 18 (December 30, 2019): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi18.76.

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Comparative research aims to ful l reciprocal functions, allowing knowledge of one culture to enrich that of another. For this issue of Revista Claroscuro, greeting the 85th birthday of Mari's resurrection, I open on the circumstances and premises that launched such an assessment before focusing on Mari among other major archeological discoveries between the two Great Wars. Since then, exploitations of Mari's rich archives to illustrate Biblical documents generated as much as a millennium later has experienced peaks and occultations, harmonizing with scholarly permutations in the academic study of the Bible. I touch on these occasions, but also reflect on what we may be missing in an era of singular absorption with a later First Millennium setting for the integration of Hebraic lore.

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7

Safin, Fail G., Svetlana S. Alekseenko, and Aigul I. Khaliullina. "National mass media as markers of ethnolinguistic identity of Finno-Ugric peoples in Bashkortostan." Finno-Ugric World 10, no. 4 (December 24, 2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.010.2018.04.055-066.

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Subscription to periodicals indirectly shows the ethnolinguistic identity of the population, as in order to meet ethno-cultural needs individuals give preference to that Mass media which is closer to them by the language and world-view. Along with the regional and republican newspapers and magazines published in Bashkortostan, the Finno-Ugric peoples actively take in periodicals from the neighboring Republics, which makes it possible to meet ethnic, cultural and national language needs more widely. The article is based on the materials from the archive of the Ufa Federal Postal Service of the Republic of Bashkortostan,a branch of “Post of Russia”, as well as data from the Press Agency of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It makes an attempt to explore the national cultural needs of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the field of printed Press. The work is based on statistical data, including the current archives of Press and Media Agency of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Federal postal service of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as the results of population censuses. The principle of historicism, statistical and systematic approaches make the theoretical basis of the research. In Bashkortostan newspapers for the Mari population are published in the Mari language in two districts – Mishkinskiy and Kaltasinskiy, with 71,5 and 45,9 % of the Mari population according to 2010 census. In Tatyshlinskiy district with 21,5 % of Udmurt population, there is one regional newspaper in the Udmurt language. Taking into account the needs of the Mari population of the Republic, since 1991 the Republican newspaper “Cholman” (“Kama”) has been published in the Mari language. Since 1999 there has been another newspaper with Republican circulation in the Udmurt language – “Oshmes”. Newspapers and magazines in the Mordovian language are not published in Bashkortostan. The Mordovian population subscribes periodicals from the Republic of Mordovia. The promotion of subscriptions in the Finno-Ugric languages in the Republic would contribute to the further preservation and development of native languages and strengthening the ethnic identity of the Finno-Ugric population in Bashkortostan.

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8

Biggs, Robert D. "Archives épistolaires de Mari. Jean-Marie DurandArchives épistolaires de Mari. Dominique Charpin , Francis Jonnes , Sylvie Lackenbacher , Bertrand Lafont." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 51, no. 4 (October 1992): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/373582.

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9

Pitard, Wayne T. "Is the Area of Apum-Damascus Mentioned in the Mari Archives?" Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 264 (November 1986): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1357021.

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10

Ziegler, Nele. "The conquest of the holy city of Nineveh and the kingdom of Nurrugûm by Samsî-Addu." Iraq 66 (2004): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900001571.

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To speak about Nineveh from the perspective of the archives of Mari may seem rash: the Middle Euphrates is a long way from the banks of the Tigris. Yet the importance of Nineveh and its shrine was such that several texts found at Mari mention it as what must then have been a religious metropolis.During the period when Mari was under the dominion of Samsî-Addu, his son, Yasmah-Addu, sat on its throne. He was primarily responsible for affairs in the west, but personally participated in the military campaign marked by the fall of Nineveh and received numerous letters informing him of military events related to this event. Even after the conquest of Mari, when Yasmah-Addu had left the area, news of Nineveh and its surroundings went on arriving at the capital of the Middle Euphrates and continued to do so more sporadically in the era of Zimrî-Lîm.I would like first to present the data relevant to the geography and toponymy of the kingdom of Nurrugûm, to which Nineveh belonged at that time, and then to reconstruct the campaign that led to the fall of Nineveh and the complete annexation of the kingdom. I will end with some remarks on the famous commemorative inscription placed by Samsî-Addu in the temple Emenue at Nineveh.

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11

Kolcheva, E. M. "100 years of Mari fine art: socialist realism (late 1930s – 1980s)." Finno-Ugric World 14, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.01.100-115.

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Introduction. The article continues a series of publications dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Mari autonomy and the emergence of professional fine art among the Mari people. It characterizes the period of socialist realism. From the point of view of the development of the national fine arts of the Mari, socialist realism needs to be comprehended using new methodological paradigms. Materials and Methods. The fine arts of the Mari Region have been analyzed using the author’s cultural and archetypal approach and the methods of historical research. The research materials include works of fine art from the museums of the Republic of Mari El, documents from the State Archives of the Republic of Mari El, media publications, newsletters and catalogs. Results and Discussion. In the history of the Mari art of socialist realism, two stages have been defined. The first one is the period of recovery after repressions and the Great Patriotic War in the late 1930s – 1950s. The second one is the heyday of the fine arts of the Mari ASSR in the 1960–1980s. Socialist realism as an artistic method is indirectly representative of the process of ethno-cultural reflection as the essence of national fine arts, it is focused on showing the achievements of ethnic cultures in the modernization of the economy and culture. V. I. Lenin is represented as a teacher close to the people (by analogy with Kugu Yumo) in the pantheon of political leaders. The cultural hero is typified through the image of a national cultural figure, a machine operator, and historical personifications. The semantics of the image of a war veteran is supplemented by the function of the world tree on the social field. The female archetype is represented by the type of a collective farmer and milkmaid, less often it is represented by a woman engaged in creative or intellectual work. Conclusion. The era of socialist realism is the most important period in the formation of professional fine arts in the Mari Region, also being a national and ethnic phenomenon. The ambivalence of socialist realist artistic practice lies in the fact that, on the one hand, reflection boils down to the use of national ethnographic signs for visual agitation for socialism, to ignoring real mental processes, and on the other hand, a real process of modernization of national culture emerges through an ideologically idealized form. The ambivalence of socialist realistic artistic practice lies in the fact that, on the one hand, reflection boils down to the use of national ethnographic signs for visual agitation for socialism, to ignoring real mental processes, and on the other hand, a real process of modernization of national culture emerges through an ideologically idealized form.

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12

Meerts, Paul, and Raymond Cohen. "The Evolution of International Negotiation Processes." International Negotiation 13, no. 2 (2008): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180608x320171.

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AbstractThis article looks at the evolution of international negotiation. The practice of negotiation between sovereigns goes back at least 4,500 years. Detailed cases are found in the royal archives of Mari from the time of the Babylonian lawgiver Hammurabi and in the el-Amarna archives of the pharaohs. Though the protocol and substance of negotiation have changed over time, there is striking continuity of structure and process. Argumentation has not changed much. The study of well-documented historical examples can therefore deepen and enrich our understanding of negotiating. In modern European history we can detect, alongside recognizable and constant features of negotiation, elements that have evolved over time. We identify four features of the international system that have impacted the evolution of international negotiation in recent centuries: technological development, international regime change, growing trust and transparency, and the enhanced, autonomous role of small powers.

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13

Cooper, Jerrold S. "J. M. Durand J. Margueron . Mari: Annales de Recherches Interdisciplinaires, 5.H. Limet. Textes administratifs relatifs aux métaux. Archives royales de Mari, 25." Journal of Cuneiform Studies 40, no. 2 (September 1988): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1359666.

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14

Mineev, A. I. "Organization of economic activity of the Mari, Mordovia and Chuvash economic councils in the first year of their existence: successes and failures." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 27, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2021-27-4-46-51.

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In the article, the author investigates the insufficiently studied topic of transformation of the organization of economic activity of the economic councils of individual territories at the suggestion of N.S. Khrushchev at the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1957 using comparative historical, quantitative methods, analysis and synthesis. As a result, on the basis of the adopted Law On the further improvement of the management of industry and construction, a territorial management system was created, suggesting that the management of industry and construction should be implemented on a territorial basis on the basis of economic administrative regions. Initially, 70 economic administrative regions were formed, including Chuvash, Mari and Mordovia, in each of which a Council of National Economy was created. The economic councils were state bodies for the management of enterprises, construction projects and organizations of the Union-republican industry located on the territory of the economic administrative region. The article defines the first results of the activity of the Union of National Economy of the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash ASSR in 1957; the personnel situation, which has become one of the main problems in the development of economic councils, is presented; disclosed the main planned performance indicators of the SNKh, which, on the whole, received a satisfactory assessment. However, despite the positive growth of the main economic indicators, serious difficulties and miscalculations were observed in the work of the economic councils, which were indicated, among other things, by the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR. On the basis of documents from the State Archives of the Russian Federation, regional archives and research literature, the author of the article highlighted the main successes and failures in the activities of the SNKh of the republics of the Middle Volga region. The author concluded that for the national regions, the period of activity of the economic councils was a breakthrough in the national economic complex. The Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash economic councils have done significant work to develop the industry in the peripheral regions of the country, significantly enlarging the existing ones and building new powerful and promising enterprises.

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15

Ziegler, Nele. "Gestion et contrôle d’après les archives du palais de Mari (XVIIIe siècle av. J.-C.)." Ktèma : civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques 26, no. 1 (2001): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ktema.2001.2279.

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16

Charpin, Dominique. "Les mots du pouvoir dans les archives royales de Mari (XVIIIème siècle avant J.-C.)." Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz 2, no. 1 (1991): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ccgg.1991.1330.

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17

Olson, Sherry. "« Pour se créer un avenir » Stratégies de couples montréalais au XIX e siècle." Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 51, no. 3 (October 2, 2002): 357–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/005565ar.

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RÉSUMÉ Dans l'expansion de l'économie québécoise au XIXe siècle, les ménages sont demeurés des acteurs nombreux et entreprenants, mari et femme engagés dans un réseau de parents et alliés. Les femmes, malgré la discrimination de la loi, jouaient un rôle dynamique dans le fonctionnement des réseaux qui gouvernaient la migration vers Montréal, la mobilité résidentielle à l'intérieur de la ville et la promotion sociale. L'argument est fondé sur l'observation d'un échantillon de 12 noms de famille, retracés dans les registres de paroisse et les archives notariales, pour reconstituer les familles de mille couples qui ont vécu à Montréal au cours du XIXe siècle, pour confirmer leurs liens de parenté à la campagne et pour découvrir leurs initiatives.

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18

HAWKYARD, ALASDAIR. "Victoria Tower Treasures from the Parliamentary Archives - Edited by Caroline Shenton, David Prior and Mari Takayangi." Parliamentary History 31, no. 2 (June 2012): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-0206.2012.00323_2.x.

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19

Thifault, Marie-Claude. "L’enfer préasilaire à la fin du XIXe siècle et au début du XXe : perceptions, interprétations et discours masculins sur la folie des femmes mariées." Recherches féministes 23, no. 2 (February 21, 2011): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045670ar.

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L’enquête de l’auteure dans les archives de l’hôpital Saint-Jean-de-Dieu lui a permis de découvrir, dans les dossiers médicaux des femmes mariées, des documents relatifs aux demandes d’internement rédigées par leur époux et leur médecin de famille. Ces traces du discours masculin révèlent les difficultés et les problèmes familiaux occasionnés par l’impossibilité de contrôler les comportements insanes de l’aliénée, épouse et mère de famille, avant son admission asilaire. Loin de faire de cette analyse de genre un plaidoyer fondé sur une croyance populaire, selon laquelle les femmes internées pour aliénation mentale n’étaient pas folles ou abandonnées par leur mari, l’auteure veut plutôt illustrer les perceptions et les interprétations des hommes concernant la folie des femmes mariées, interprétations incontestablement influencées par l’idéologie victorienne.

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20

Halton, Charles. "Les Musiciens et la musique d'après les archives de Mari. Florilegium marianum 9. Mémoires de NABU 10." Bulletin for Biblical Research 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26423810.

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Halton, Charles. "Les Musiciens et la musique d'après les archives de Mari. Florilegium marianum 9. Mémoires de NABU 10." Bulletin for Biblical Research 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/bullbiblrese.19.1.0107.

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22

Barreyra Fracaroli, Diego. "About the mātum in Early Second Millennium Middle Euphrates Region. The Royal Inscriptions of Yahdun-Lîm." Claroscuro. Revista del Centro de Estudios sobre Diversidad Cultural, no. 18 (December 30, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi18.56.

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The Mari archives show the conspicuous presence of social groups committed to a mobile way of life in early second millennium Syria, but these never constituted an element foreign to settled farmers in the river valleys. If taken as different populations, one should recognize anyways that they were only ideal vectors that came from the same social milieu. In tune with this overall view of landscape, modern scholarship no longer assigns tribal characteristics exclusively to mobile groups, but instead understands a tribal socio political mode as a manner of resolving tensions in societies with signi cant mobile pastoralist components. Hence, apparently different social groups belonged to the same political entities and owed allegiance to the same authorities. The question now arises as to whether distinct cultural identities springing from the same socio-political soil need to be explained by the correlated existence of a single political unit encompassing them all (kingship) or we can see alternative ways of establishing social ties across distance. In early settings where expansionary kingship projects were still absent in the Middle Euphrates region, tribal identities seem to have offered an alternative or rather a complement to local urban citizenship, as we know from earliest Mari royal inscriptions. The matum category is used there for the first time to refer to socio-political entities on their own, not necessarily subordinate to larger polities.This work discusses the precise meaning of this term as used in the royal inscriptions of Yahdun-Lim.

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23

Repola, L., J. Leidwanger, and E. S. Greene. "DIGITAL MODELS FOR THE ANALYSIS AND ENHANCEMENT OF HYBRID SPACES: ARCHITECTURE OF THE MATTANZA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-443-2020.

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Abstract. Project ‘U Mari examines the long-term relationship between the sea, coast, and local peoples through the various lenses of maritime mobilities, interactions, and livelihoods along the shore of southeast Sicily, specifically between the Vendicari Reserve and Capo Passero. With an eye toward valorizing the ‘mattanza’ as intangible cultural heritage, our work focuses on the rich material remains of this distinctive Mediterranean form of bluefin tuna trap fishing, using 3D recording and visualization of its associated objects, spaces, and landscapes to relate vivid diachronic stories for the public. Our methodology integrates archaeological survey of the landscape, architecture, and social practices of tuna fishing that act as a bridge between ancient, early modern, and contemporary livelihoods. Through comprehensive digitization, we generate interoperable and parametric models aimed not only at the recording and restoration of objects and spaces, but also – in combination with interviews and archival work – at the valorization and revitalization of traditional practice within contemporary socioeconomic contexts. Through these digital methods, Project ‘U Mari seeks to engage the public with a deeper understanding of historical maritime lifeways using exhibition, virtual environments, and revived traditions. Such an approach can encourage environmentally sound fishing practices that draw on local knowledge and yield local economic benefits and responsible tourism. In this way, the historic and archaeological past offers the opportunity to create a new common language for understanding and communicating the architectural evidence of local traditions, history, and livelihoods in this rich maritime landscape.

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24

Uvarov, Sergey Nikolaevich. "ETHNODEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN UDMURTIA IN THE 1930s." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 13, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 664–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2019-13-4-664-677.

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The article examines the unexplored topic of demographic processes that took place among Russians, Udmurts, Tatars and Mari of Udmurtia in the 1930s. The sources were mainly unpublished current statistics, as well as census materials, including unpublished ones. For the first time, information on ethnic fertility and mortality from 1930 to 1939 was introduced into scientific circulation. in the region (except 1932, data for which could not be found in the archives). They made it possible to trace the dynamics and compare the trends of the natural movement of the largest nationalities in the region, to establish the factors that influenced reproduction. Among them is famine, and demographic indicators prove that in 1936 it was no less significant than in 1932-1933. The results of natural growth are calculated. Based on them, it was concluded that assimilation has not yet played a big role, and the number of Russians and Tatars has increased significantly due to their resettlement in Udmurtia. The relative values of ethnic reproduction for 1926 and 1939 were also calculated. The Udmurts had the highest birth rate during these years, and the Mari in mortality in 1926 and the Udmurts in 1939. The national composition of Udmurtia in 1926 was determined within the 1939 borders. This allowed, firstly, to establish a real increase the number of four peoples during the census period within the same territory. Secondly, it was possible to determine that in 1927-1938. Territories were added to the oblast on which in December 1926 263,774 people lived. The findings and results will help to take a fresh look at the regional history of the 1930s.

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25

Sasson, Jack M. ""It is for this reason that i have not come down to my lord ...? visit obligations and vassal pretexts in the Mari archives." Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 107, no. 1 (2013): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/assy.107.0119.

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26

Gabriel, Marie-Christin, and Carola Lentz. "Studying National Commemoration and Political Celebrations in Africa: The Online Archive African Independence Days." Africa Bibliography 2019 (2020): vii—xxviii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026667312000001x.

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AbstractThe Department of Anthropology and African Studies (ifeas) at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz hosts a comprehensive archive on African Independence Day celebrations. Created in 2010, the archive is one of the outcomes of a large comparative research project on African national days directed by Carola Lentz. It offers unique insights into practices of as well as debates on national commemoration and political celebrations in Africa. The archive holds more than 28,000 images, including photographs, newspaper articles, documents, and objects from twelve African countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Madagascar, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria, and Tanzania. It primarily consists of an online photo and newspaper archive (https://bildarchiv.uni-mainz.de/AUJ/; https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-ifeas-eng/departmental-archives/online-archive-african-independence-days/); some of the material is also stored in the physical archive on African Independence Days at ifeas as well as in the department's ethnographic collection (https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-ifeas-eng/ethnographic-collection/). Most of the material concerns recent celebrations, but the collection has been complemented by some documentation of earlier festivities. Archives hold many stories while they also have a story to tell in their own right. This article discusses both aspects. It first traces the history of the Online Archive African Independence Days at ifeas. It then provides an overview of the different categories of material stored in the archive and tells a few of the many stories that the photos, texts and objects contain. We hope to demonstrate that the archive holds a wealth of sources that can be mined for studies on national commemoration and political celebrations in Africa, and, more generally, on practices and processes of nation-building and state-making.

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Ziegler, Nele. "Jean-Marie Durand, Documents épistolaires du palais de Mari, t. I, «Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient 16», Paris, Le Cerf, 1997, 654 p.; t. II, «Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient 17», Paris, Le Cerf, 1998, 688 p.; t. III, «Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient 18,» Paris, Le Cerf, «Archives royales de Mari», 2000, 632 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 57, no. 3 (June 2002): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900034612.

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Koshkina, Olga A., and Alevtina N. Sergeeva. "The State Optical Institute in Evacuation (1941–45): Documents from the State Archive of the Mari El Republic." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2022): 396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-2-396-407.

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The article analyzes documents from the fonds of the State Archive of the Mari El Republic (GARME) and considers the circumstances of the State Optical Institute (GOI) under the People’s Commissariat of Armament of the USSR evacuated to the city of Yoshkar-Ola of the Mari ASSR in the days of the Great Patriotic War. The authors study materials from the fonds of departments for economic arrangement of evacuated population under the Council of People's Commissars of the Mari ASSR and the Executive Committee of the Yoshkar-Ola City Council of Workers’ Deputies of the Mari ASSR; those of the M. Gorky Volga State Forestry Institute; the Ministry for Higher and Specialized Secondary Education of the RSFSR; the Directorate for Vocational and Technical Education under the Council of Ministers of the Mari ASSR; the Mari Republican and Yoshkar-Ola City Committees of the Communist Party of the RSFSR; the Council of Ministers of the Mari ASSR. They focus on the working conditions in the institute and its structural divisions, trends of scientific research, provision of its employees. On July 11, 1941, the State Defense Committee of the USSR issued a decree “On the Evacuation of Industrial Enterprises,” according to which the GOI was transferred from Leningrad to Yoshkar-Ola. The institute’s output was scientific work in the field of optics, both theoretical and applied, calculation of optical systems, design of optical devices and their prototypes, as well as research of new types of optical glass and its technology. In the years of the GOI’s evacuation to Yoshkar-Ola (1941 to 1945), more than 70 types of optical devices were invented. The Institute performed scientific and technical management of the optical industry factories work, covered defense requests, including supervising the production activities of one of the optical industry enterprises evacuated to Yoshkar-Ola, factory no. 297 of the People’s Commissariat of Armament (now a leading enterprise of the Mari El Republic, Mari Machine-Building Factory). The best work of the GOI scientists was awarded state awards, and even Stalin Prize. The complex of archival documents from the fonds of the State Military Academy of Economics, which has been introduced into scientific use, reflects the role of the party and state bodies of the Mari ASSR in organizing reception and accommodation of and assistance to scientists, engineers, designers, qualified workers of the State Optical Institute under the People's Commissariat of Armament in pilot production of new weapons samples for the Red Army, which was of particular importance in the wartime.

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Mann, Gregory. "Dust to Dust: a User's Guide to Local Archives in Mali." History in Africa 26 (January 1999): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172151.

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In recent years political changes in Mali have opened up new research opportunities for historians and other social scientists interested in the country's colonial and post-colonial past. With the new government has come a change in administrative attitudes regarding access to local archives, in other words those held at the level of the cercle. Although these archives can be in terrible condition, they contain precious information unique to each cercle. In the course of my own research I have been able to gain access to two such archives in southern Mali, in the summer of 1996 and again in 1998. Using these two archives as an example and drawing on the anecdotal evidence of colleagues, the following comments offer a rough appraisal of the nature of cercle archives in Mali. The paper covers the type of documentation available, the condition of the collections, and my own experiences in using them. Although my experience is limited to southern Mali, local administrations across francophone West Africa are likely to have similar holdings, given the essential uniformity of French administrative structures in colonial West Africa.In addition to providing otherwise scarce documentary evidence on local events, these archives contain a good deal of correspondence which passed from one commandant de cercle to another, bypassing the central administration in the colony's capital. The information contained in this correspondence is therefore difficult to find in national archives, and I suspect that most of it is absent altogether. The volume of such correspondence is surprising. For example, regarding a religious movement based in one of these towns in the late 1940s, I found fifty-odd letters and telegrams addressed to the local administrator by his colleagues, asking him for information and keeping him abreast of local manifestations of the movement in their own regions. None of these messages had been routed through the central administration, and the commandant had sent his superiors no more than a digest of events in which much detail was suppressed.

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Timkin, Yuri N. "Features of the Process of Formation of the Regional Organization of the RCP (B) of the Mari Autonomous Region in 1921–23: Archival Materials." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2022): 384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-2-384-395.

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The article draws on archival materials from the State Archive of the Mari El Republic and Central State Archive of the Kirov Region to study the emergence and development of the Mari regional organization of the RCP (B) in 1921–23. It is to analyze the process of formation of the Mari regional organization of the RCP (B) and to identify its specifics. The author sets himself two tasks: to clarify the features of the process of formation of the organization and the course of the intra-party conflict between “krasnokokshaytsy” and “kozmodemyantsy,” “local” and “appointees.” The novelty is determined by the fact that this is the first attempt since 1991 to analyze the process of formation of the Mari regional organization of the RCP (B). The research is written on archival material using principles of historicism and historical institutionalism. The Mari regional organization of the RCP (B) was formed in January 1921, shortly after the creation of the autonomous region. The first provisional bureau of the obkom and the revkom included the same people, producing a unified management system. This circumstance slowed down the formation of the party structures. The situation was aggravated by the fact that there were practically no industrial enterprises and corresponding infrastructure, and cultural level of the population was insufficient. The personnel shortage in the party and Soviet structures had its specifics: there were not enough trained Mari workers. However, circulars from the Central Committee demanded their engaging, as well as taking into account local specifics. In 1921–22, the situation in the party organizations worsened due to corrupting influence of the New Economic Policy, famine, and fires engulfing the region. Due to lack of educated, dedicated, and active communists, a huge responsibility fell on the local party elite from among the Mari intelligentsia. At the end of 1921, the “kozmodemyansky” conflict broke out, which nearly ended in armed clashes. The Central Committee intervened, sending party workers. Analysis of the process of formation of the Mari regional organization of the RCP (B) has shown that from its early days it faced great difficulties in its activities; in terms of social composition, it was a peasant organization. Ethno-cultural peculiarities of the region left an imprint on the relationships between the party members and caused conflicts. Overcoming them was hampered by arbitrariness of the “appointees,” as well as their resorting to repression and using contradictions between groups in their own interests.

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McRAE, JANE. "MAORI MANUSCRIPTS IN BRITAIN: A REPORT." Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association 18, no. 77 (April 1, 1987): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/archives.1987.4.

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Jansen, Jan. "Les Archives nationales du Mali en transition." Afrique & histoire 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2006): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afhi.005.0185.

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Valizade, Tural. "March genocide of 1918 in archive materials." Scientific Bulletin 1 (2019): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54414/gqdy2174.

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This article deals with the genocide committed in 1918 in Baku by armenian-dashnak and bolshevik groupings. Different nations, including Azerbaijani people being enslaved by Russian Empire had to face a very great and hard historical events. The main goal of the alliance among the Bolshevik party lead by Stepan Shaumyan, “Dashnaksutyun” and the Armenian National Soviet was acting under the Soviet flag not the give the Azerbaijanis a chance to be organized both politically and militarily in the South Caucasus, to kill them, burning their houses to rob their property, to drive those people out who had survived and to clear out vast areas, in order to create in the future the Armenian state in these areas.

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Vorobyev, Aleksey. "Integrating bibliographic and archival records in library e-catalog." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2017-6-25-38.

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The history of the problem of bibliographic and archival record integration from the first attempts of the U.S. Library of Congress in applying MARC-format in archives is described. Modern approaches to combining bibliographic and archival records in library catalogs as the case studies of the Library and Archives Canada and Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library are discussed.

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Bou-Pérez, Patricia. "Berû:." Claroscuro. Revista del Centro de Estudios sobre Diversidad Cultural, no. 18 (February 9, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi18.83.

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El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los casos de escasez de alimentos o hambrunas en los ejércitos que han quedado documentados en las cartas de los Archivos Reales de Mari. Con ello, pretendemos también buscar sus posibles causas y consecuencias, así como las herramientas usadas para evitar que se dieran estas situaciones.

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Stockreiter, Elke E. "Preserving and Digitizing Djenné’s Manuscript Collections: The Politics of Space and Agency in Central Mali." History in Africa 47 (March 18, 2020): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2020.3.

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AbstractThis article explores archival practices and ownership of the largely Arabic manuscript collections at the Djenné Manuscript Library. From 2009 to 2017 grants from the British Library’s Endangered Archives Programme enabled the preservation of 8,520 manuscripts and digitization of about 400,000 folios. In a politically volatile environment like Mali, the future of historical research is mostly contingent on the availability of digital archives. While these archives enable research that otherwise could not be conducted, they also limit the research experience in situ and thus affect findings. For the manuscript owners, questions arise about digital imperialism.

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Klyucheva, M. A. "Zoonyms in the names of the characters in Mari folk games." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 3 (2020): 462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-3-462-471.

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Introduction: zoonyms occupy important place in the semiotic system of folklore. They encode basic mythological ideas and, at the same time, reflect economic activity of people traditionally associated with animals. The game vocabulary correlates with the general system of folklore and mythology. Zoonyms are used in games as the names of characters, game items and toys, movements, as well as they are widely represented in texts of chits, game sentences, dialogues, songs. Objective: to reveal zoonyms in the names of the characters in the Mari folk games, to systematize them according to their functions, thematic groups and etymology. Research materials: almost the full volume of texts with descriptions of the Mari folk games is taken from publications in Russia and other countries, from the hand-written Archive of the Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature and History, field records, the personal collection of the author. Results and novelty of the research: the article for the first time reveals a complete system of zoonyms in the names of the characters of the Mari games. Their functions in the game are revealed: most often, zoonyms are used in the games like catch-up, blind man etc. as the name of the catcher, his antagonists, as well as an offensive nickname for the losing player; they also indicate the similarity of the movements of the gamer and the animal; used in round dances and imitative improvisational games. Thematically, most of them are the names of mammals and birds, which Mari children most often met in everyday life and in native nature. There are almost no names of reptiles, amphibians, fish and insects. Etymologically, most of the reviewed zoononyms are Turkic borrowings in the Mari language, fewer of them are words of Finno-Ugric origin and borrowings from Russian; and these data indirectly indicate the genesis of specific animal images in the Mari game culture.

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Roundtree, Lynn. "MARC for archives and manuscripts: The AMC format." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 40, no. 2 (March 1989): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198903)40:2<139::aid-asi15>3.0.co;2-8.

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Orofino, Anna Maria. "‘Coelum non animum mutant qui trans mare currunt’: David Stradling (1537–c.1595) and His Circle of Welsh Catholic Exiles in Continental Europe." British Catholic History 32, no. 2 (October 2014): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200032131.

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This paper examines the lives and careers of two Welsh Catholics, David Stradling and Hugh Owen, who sought refuge on the Continent during the reign of Elizabeth I. Whereas something about Hugh Owen's life is known, particularly of his career as the creator of an intelligence service which countered that of Sir Francis Walsingham, David Stradling's life has, in contrast, remained somewhat obscure. Little is known of him other than some details of his family background and his education. My recent research at the Simancas Archive and at the Archives Royales de Bruxelles, however, has revealed hitherto unknown sources that now provide further information on both men. In describing the events of their flight from England to the Continent and their establishment there, I re-examine the circle of well-known English Catholic refugees in the Spanish Low Countries and in Spain.

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Cherri, Leonel. "Archive images on Mario Bellatin: from the closet to coming out." Anclajes 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/anclajes-2020-2412.

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Roundtree, Lynn. "MARC for archives and manuscripts: A compendium of practice." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 40, no. 2 (March 1989): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198903)40:2<139::aid-asi16>3.0.co;2-5.

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Cohen, Sheldon, and Murray Dworetzky. "The allergy archives: Pioneers and Milestones." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 109, no. 1 (January 2002): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.120947.

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Cohen, Sheldon, Murray Dworetzky, and Oscar L. Frick. "The Allergy Archives: Pioneers and Milestones." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 111, no. 1 (January 2003): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mai.2003.106.

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44

Pfoh, Emanuel. "Una observación historiográfica sobre Mari y los orígenes de Israel." Claroscuro. Revista del Centro de Estudios sobre Diversidad Cultural, no. 18 (December 30, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi18.72.

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En esta breve contribución, se abordan las principales conexiones que la historiografía del Cercano Oriente y del antiguo Israel ha efectuado entre la información proveniente de los archivos del sitio de Mari en Siria oriental (siglo XVIII a.n.e.) y los orígenes de Israel en Palestina (siglos XIII-XI a.n.e.). No obstante, lo inverosímil que resulta dicha conexión en la actualidad, a la luz de los más recientes estudios sobre el tema, es posible, en efecto, realizar a partir de estas elaboraciones algunas observaciones históricas e historiográficas acerca de cómo concebir los orígenes de Israel.

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Porter, Anne. "Isotopes and ideograms:." Claroscuro. Revista del Centro de Estudios sobre Diversidad Cultural, no. 18 (December 30, 2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/cl.vi18.73.

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The fundamental issue obscuring our understanding of the place of animal husbandry in the societies and economies of the ancient Near East remains definitional. The continual conflation of the term "mobile pastoralism" with politically and socially independent pastoralism has reached a point where mobile pastoralism is claimed never to have existed. Sheep and goat recovered from settlements that show evidence for foddering, or grazing on cultivated crops, is argued as proof of a lack of mobility, but this fails to take into account whether these animals are used for meat and milk, sacri ce, or their wool. It also does not distinguish between those animals kept for daily use by individual households and institutionally owned animals. The textual evidence from Mari, which describes mobile pastoralism, is argued to be anomalous. But, in fact, Mari pastoralism is not independent pastoralism either. It is, however, mobile and long-distance, as well as variable according to the particular pastoralist group under discussion. This paper argues that a wide range of textual material, of which the Mari archive is but one source, shows that multiple kinds of pastoralism coexisted in the ancient Near East, including multiple kinds of mobile, or distance, pastoralism, as distinct from independent pastoralism.

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SCHEELE, JUDITH. "TRADERS, SAINTS, AND IRRIGATION: REFLECTIONS ON SAHARAN CONNECTIVITY." Journal of African History 51, no. 3 (November 2010): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853711000016.

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ABSTRACTStudies of trans-Saharan trade have recently been revitalized, mainly through an exploration of local archives. These archives offer a further possibility: to investigate the link between local settlement and wider patterns of exchange. Material from southern Algeria and northern Mali suggests that oases were not viable without outside investment, that pastoral economies needed storage space and agricultural produce, and that intra-Saharan and trans-Saharan trade relied on each other. Hence, regional mobility and outside connections were not subsidiary but constitutive of the local, and local patterns of production and trans-Saharan commerce were aspects of the same system.

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Harmon, Stephen A. "The Malian National Archives at Kuluba: Access and Applicability." History in Africa 19 (1992): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172012.

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The Malian National Archives are located at Kuluba, an administrative suburb of Bamako. The collection is remarkable because of its vast scope. While for the post-independence period only materials from the Republic of Mali are included, for the colonial period the collection includes documents from what was then called the French Sudan, of which Bamako was the capital. At various times the French Sudan comprised, besides all of modern Mali, portions of Mauritania, all of Burkina Faso, and for brief periods portions of Senegal, Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Benin. In addition, documents from the military department of Niger (now Republic of Niger) also came into Kuluba.Among the documents one might not expect to find at Kuluba is a collection from the southeastern portions of Mauritania, including territory that at one time formed parts of the cercles of Kayes, Nioro, and Timbuktu, as well as the entire cercle of Nema. These districts, comprising the modern Mauritanian centers of Walata, Timbedra, and Aiun el-Arms, an area of nearly 300,000 square kilometers, were removed from the Sudan and appended to Mauritania in 1945. Many documents from what is today the nation of Burkina Faso are also found at Kuluba. All of what was later to be called Upper Volta was part of the Sudan until 1914, when it was made a separate colony. In 1932 the cercles of Wahiguya and Tugan were reattached to the Sudan, and again removed in 1947 when Upper Volta was reconstituted.

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Yakel, Elizabeth. "Pushing MARC AMC To Its Limits: The Vatican Archives Project." American Archivist 55, no. 1 (January 1992): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/aarc.55.1.32306858j28557h1.

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Md Alui, Siti Eryza Aziera, Mazlina Pati Khan, Nurul Asyiqin Shafei @ Safri, and Nordiana Mohd Nordin. "Audio Visual Digital Preservation Strategies: A case study in National Broadcasting Agency." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 7, SI10 (November 30, 2022): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7isi10.4100.

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This study discusses the digital preservation practice and challenges of the media repository in the broadcasting industry. This study covers the digital preservation practices in Wisma TV, Radio Television Malaysia (RTM) where it functioning as information hubs for media resources and assisting in the preservation of cultural heritage. However, these broadcasting archives have mostly gone unnoticed and neglected by those working in the archive sector. Qualitative research methodology is used by implementing the case study design in order to explored the challenges while performing the digital preservation work. This broadcasting organization media collective was envisioned as a distributed network of organizations that supported media production, exhibition, and study, functioning as resource centers for media and supporting regional preservation efforts. Keywords: Audiovisual Archiving, Digital Preservation, Broadcasting Industry eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behavior Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioral Researchers on Asians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behavior Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

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Lee, Hye Rin. "A Study on Women’s Liberation Movement and Women Archives in the Artwork of Mary Kelly." Journal of Basic Design & Art 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47294/ksbda.23.1.30.

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