Dissertations / Theses: 'Marginality, social – united states'

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Mensah, Wisdom Yaw. ""Marginal men" with double consciousness : the experiences of sub-Saharan African professors teaching at a predominantly White university in the Midwest of the United States of America /." View abstract, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3339513.

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Squires, Roy James. "Marginality, stigma and conversion in the context of medical knowledge, professional practices and occupational interests : a case study of professional homeopathy in nineteenth century Britain and the United States." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11261/.

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During the development of medicine in nineteenth century Britain and the United States, the 'regular' profession was faced with severe competition from 'unorthodox' practitioners. Most significant amongst these were the professional homeopaths. They were just as ~ell educated and qualified as the regulars, and so they posed the deepest threat to their continued plausibility as the source of all that was 'Good', 'True' and 'Scientific' in professional medicine. The cognitive anxiety which professional homeopathy raised was further intensified by the fact that recruitment to the ranks of homeopathy was made from the regular profession itself. Many converts to homeopathy were prepared to pay the professional and personal costs of being labelled a 'quack' for the sake of their own integrity and the apparently more effective therapeutic certainties of homeopathy. They were prepared to abandon the systems of regular medicine, be they heroic, sceptical, neovigorous or eclectic, in order to be at peace with their own conscience, and to practice a system of medicine they were now convinced was far more effective than any form of regular therapy. During this period, regular medicine passed through three basic styles of theory and practice. These were the Heroic-Bedside, Clinical-Hospital and Bacteriological-Laboratory Medical Cosmologies. Particularly during the Heroic and Clinical phases, the regulars developed an anti-homeopathic ideology which they deployed in the various conflicts which ensued. I ts purpose was to define the homeopaths as 'deviants' and medical 'heretics'. The regulars did this by the use of a 'vocabulary of insult' which stigmatized their opponents. By further employing the tactics of intolerance and social control they were able to secure their own claims to political and 'scientific' legitimacy. However, the supposedly 'rational' and 'scientific' refutations of homeopathy by many eminent regular practitioners (such as Oliver Wendell Holmes and James Young Simpson) were actually constructed at a time when the therapeutic, pharmacodynamic and aetiological knowledge of regular medicine was immature and highly uncertain. I shall argue that the claimed refutation of homeopathy during the 1830's to 1860's was not, indeed could not be, accomplished on scientifically 'objective' grounds (i.e. on the grounds of intersubjectively testable, empirical and experimentally reproduceable knowledge). Therefore, its actual grounds were those of conventional professional social norms, practices and traditions. The defence of regular medicine by means of an anti-homeopathic, anti-quack ideology and the rhetorical claim to 'scientificity' was a sign of an insecure and crisis-ridden profession. It was dangerous for regulars to admit, both professionally and personally, the therapeutic efficacy of homeopathy claimed by its adherents. For the majority of the regulars, the cost - emotional, cognitive and social – would be too high. In these terms (rather than mere professional duplicity) we can explain the attempted suppression of the statistical returns of the London Homoeopathic Hospital, which showed the success of their treatments, from the official report on the 1853/54 cholera epidemic. A mature scientific therapeutics began to develop with the emergence of the bacteriological research programme, based upon the work of Robert Koch. He was able to provide a secure experimental, methodological and ontological basis for the germ theory of disease causation. However, its therapeutic fruitfulness was not realised in practice (for people that is) until the 1890's, with the mass manufacture of diphtheria anti-toxin based upon the research of Emil von Behring. Therefore, the known development of medicine, and especially of therapeutics, does not support the claim by the regulars during the nineteenth century (and after) that homeopathy was refuted by unambiguous experimental, clinical and 'scientific' means. The actual means to do that did not emerge upon the historical scene until 1876 at the earliest (with Koch's bacteriological work) and with fuller effect not until the 1890's. However, by that time the conflict between regular and homeopathic practitioners was no longer of any interest to the centres producing standardized scientific knowledge; the bacteriological laboratories of university-hospitals, the proprietary drug industry, and various government and private research institutes. The 'refutations' of homeopathy developed a half-century earlier, were taken to be sufficient warrant to continue to (a) reject homeopathy cognitively, if not legislatively,- and (b) refuse it the courtesy of agreed experimental test when the actual means to do so were then available. Therefore, within the asymmetries of power, structures of domination and mechanisms of social control developed by the regulars in their pursuit of 'scientific' legitimacy, occupational closure and market monopolisation, the homeopaths were marginalized. However, they were not completely powerless against the regulars. They were able to obtain some important compromises and concessions from them, even if what was gained in America turned out to be far more temporary compared to the moral and legislative achievements of their less numerous British counterparts. The medical historians standard model to explain the 'success' of 'scientific' regular medicine and the 'failure' of 'unscientific' homeopathic medicine, as the result of the progressive, linear, accumulation of 'facts' is no longer adequate to the task. This is because of the model's/historian's assumptions that the ideological evaluations already performed in relation to those it has stigmatized as 'unscientific' and (or because) 'unorthodox', during the nineteenth century, were (and are) epistemologically 'True' and l:npolluted by political/ideological interest. It is the purpose of this work to demonstrate that such a science/ideology polarity is unable to adequately explain the historical rejection of homeopathy throughout the century and to propose a conception of monopoly, marginality, power and ideology which is adequate to that task.

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Fye, Carmen Michelle. "Composition and technology: Examining liminal spaces online." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1950.

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This thesis examines how composition studies have been, and continue to be, shaped by the cultural values of exclusion; this field is "continually magnif[ied] and reproduc[ed] in the complex social conditions connected with those values in fundamental ways much like educational systems in general."

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WARNER, JUDITH ANN. "MARGINALITY AND SELECTIVE REPORTING: ETHNIC AND GENDER ISSUES IN THE PRESS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184227.

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A preliminary theoretical framework for analyzing the role of the press in the public process of defining important social issues and labeling of politically marginal minorities is developed. This theory employs the concept of newsworthiness and stresses the effect of the social organization of news work as a factor in press gatekeeping and agenda setting. It is the object of our research to demonstrate that the "objective" perspective of the news media is, in actuality, a biased one which is imbalanced and slanted towards representation of dominant group interests. Two cases, illegal Mexican immigration, and the 1984 Ferraro-Bush campaign, are analyzed to determine how reporting practices result in imbalanced coverage. Our empirical analyses of news content on these issues will show that a favorable rate of access to the press for dominant group, rather than minority group representatives exists. As a result, news coverage of undocumented Mexican workers and the 1984 woman vice-presidential candidate was imbalanced.

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Bidelman, Bernard M. "Social services and twentieth century social welfare policy." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/536301.

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In 1962 Congress enacted legislation which made social services an important instrument of public welfare reform. The law represented the culmination of a half-century effort on the part of public welfare officials to secure recognition for public social services as a distinctive yet integral feature of progressive social welfare policy in the United States. This dissertation traces the evolution of this effort from its origins in the Progressive period to the passage of the Public Welfare Amendments of 1962.The Progressive ideal of social welfare focused on building an institution of public welfare which would satisfy the economic, social, and psychological needs of all citizens. Public welfare officials viewed social services as playing a key role in the realization of this goal. The paper examines how social services became a means of protecting and expanding the functions of public welfare.The history of public social services has been marked by controversy. Throughout most of the twentieth century, the institution of public welfare has been subjected to periodic assaults by the taxpaying public. The stigma associated with welfare has caused many professional social workers to oppose the idea of incorporating social services into public welfare. The response of public welfare officials to these sources of conflict is a major topic which the paper explores.The context for and the ramifications of the dispute between professional social workers and public welfare officials over the propriety of public social services are discussed in the first three chapters of the paper. The last three chapters recount the political strategies used by public welfare officials to gain acceptance of their plan for integrating social services with public welfare policy.
Department of Sociology

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Cuéllar, Gregory Lee. "Voices of marginality : exile and return in Second Isaiah 40-55 and the Mexican immigrant experience /." Fort Worth, Tex. : Texas Christian University, 2006. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-07052006-134224/unrestricted/Cuellar.pdf.

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Straubel, Michael S. "United States' regulation of commercial space activity." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55691.

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Koo, Gerald M. F. "Foreign equity participation in United States airlines." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55702.

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Beasley, Steven M. "The airpower aristocracy : the intersection between personal relationships and policy and its effect on the Air Force from 1947-1961 /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=df6713a7-e6a0-4069-8396-971030bcbc35&rs=PublishedSearch.

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Bottone, Margaret. "Efficacy of Foster Care in the United States." Thesis, Southern Connecticut State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10809623.

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Foster care efficacy in the United States is examined in an analytical review of the literature. The question researched was whether or not the foster care placement system in the United States is conducive to the developmental needs of children with high risk factors. Participants included populations of children in foster care, foster parents, and children who had matured out of foster care, throughout the United States. The relating topics of the data analysis within the literature review are: developmental theory, stability, outcomes, continuing education, and foster parent training. Research suggests that many children in foster care, or children who are entering foster care settings, are diagnosed with a psychiatric illness. Support and emotional stability within a foster home for children was shown to have a significant correlation as to if there would be positive future outcomes. The KEEP program, (Keeping Foster Parents Trained and Supported), was found to be effective in correlation with not how often it is used, but with how well the caregiver understands how to implement the intervention. Further research into the impact of continuing training of foster parents after initial licensing, and the impact foster homes lacking in foster parent support pertaining to schoolwork, extracurricular activities and long-term educational goals , is suggested.

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Williams, Joe B. "Domestic Terrorism in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5148.

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Lone wolf terrorism has received considerable media attention, yet this phenomenon has not been sufficiently examined in an academic study. National security officials must distinguish between terrorist activities carried out by lone wolves and those carried out by terrorist networks for effective intervention and potential prevention. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the phenomenon of the leaderless lone wolf terrorist and the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead individuals to be drawn to or away from an existing radical movement. The theoretical framework for this study was leaderless resistance theory. Secondary data from interviews, field notes, and surveys from the RAND-MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base and the Global Terrorism Database were analyzed using open and selective coding. Findings revealed 3 individual-level underlying mechanisms and processes (personal and political grievance, risk and status seeking, unfreezing) that lead individuals to be drawn to or away from an existing radical movement and to act unilaterally without direction toward violent ends. Findings also indicated that no single typology fits all perpetrators. The findings benefit national security officials and intelligence agencies by identifying lone wolf individuals, weighing the actual threat versus the perception, developing better counterterrorism strategies for the lone wolf phenomenon, and enhancing relations with outside agencies. Results may improve understanding of lone wolf terrorism and may be used to develop new policies to predict and track future threats.

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Edehult, Cecilia, and Jahangir Riaz. "The startup landscape: Sweden and the United States." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29288.

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McAndrews, Kyra. "The Path to Social Innovation in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1083.

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The challenges we face as a nation are complex and recalcitrant; to address them, we need to be equipped with multifaceted and resilient solutions. Yet, substantial pressures – such as significant fiscal constraints, growing citizen expectations, and the rapid pace of technology – prevent the U.S. Government from efficiently and effectively solving the nation’s ills alone. The public, private, and nonprofit sectors must partner and collaborate to create lasting social change and the best solutions to address our nation’s most pressing social issues lie in the power of social innovation. Drawing from nearly thirty years of scholarship, the views of leading experts in the field of social innovation, and three case studies of social innovation offices in the United States, this paper addresses the case for social innovation in the United States by answering four key questions: what is social innovation; why does the U.S. need it; what has the U.S. government done to support social innovation; and what is the future of social innovation in this United States.

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Booth, Tim. "Social policy research and government in the United States." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325314.

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Brown, Jimmi Sue. "Welfare as a social control in the United States." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2004. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=406.

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Kratzer, Nate. "A MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX FOR THE UNITED STATES." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/24.

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A multidimensional poverty index for the United States is designed, evaluated, and defended as a useful measurement tool for policymakers to evaluate poverty. Chapter 1 presents a normative case for the index. Chapter 2 reviews the literature on poverty measures. Chapter 3 constructs the proposed index. Chapter 4 is a statistical examination of the internal structure of the index. Chapter 5 explores the index across states, over time, and among population subgroups, as well as presenting policy applications.

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Habeeb-Silva, Rebecca Joie. "Resettlement Challenges for Refugees in the United States." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/285.

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This study explored the resettlement-related challenges that refugees encounter in the United States (U.S.). It utilized a qualitative research design with semi-structured interviews with three refugee families from different countries of origin: Afghanistan, Burma, and Iraq. The interviews were analyzed through a system of coding and categorization in order to develop themes of commonly reported challenges across participants. Six dominant themes of resettlement‑related challenges were identified: employment, financial insecurities, bureaucracy, English language competency, family separation, and unfulfilled expectations and hope. The participants also reported that these challenges had negative effects on their mental health and described feeling worried and depressed. The data was conceptualized utilizing Berry’s (2008) acculturation framework, and it was found that the families utilized the acculturation strategy of integration. Recommendations are provided for volunteer programs in which Americans assist newly resettled refugee families as well as for policies that are more adaptive to refugees’ needs and that uphold the values of diversity and create a welcoming environment for refugees.

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Johnson, Margaret Alice. "United States evaluation policy| A theoretical taxonomy." Thesis, Cornell University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3586275.

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Efforts are currently underway in the US federal context to improve and strengthen evaluation practice and increase the use of evaluation results to inform policies and programs. However, these efforts remain unrealized, due partly to the lack of a comprehensive theoretical framework that views evaluation and related organizational processes and institutions as part of a larger system. Early intuitive theoretical taxonomies of evaluation policy suffer from the lack of connection to specific examples and instances, and are missing clear classification criteria that would allow practical application. To generate a grounded taxonomy of evaluation policy, this study surveyed members of the American Evaluation Association in 2009, asking them to generate examples of evaluation policy, and then to sort and rate these suggested policies. Results are analyzed using the concept mapping method of Trochim (1989), which first translates aggregate sorting decisions into conceptual “distances” on a two-dimensional dot map, then uses hierarchical cluster analysis to generate groupings of ideas. These groupings become the foundation for categories in a theoretical taxonomy. Findings reveal several different dimensions by which participants grouped evaluation policies, including the dimensions of “value” and “policy mechanism.” A values-by-mechanisms taxonomy and instructions for its use in an evaluation policy inventory process are proposed.

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Cylus, Jonathan. "Do unemployment benefits affect health? : evidence from the United States." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3234/.

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A large body of research finds correlations between unemployment and health. This raises the question of whether unemployment benefit programs, which aim to alleviate financial stress associated with job loss, have their own health effects. Although existing studies indicate that receiving unemployment benefits is likely protective for health, most studies do not account for the potentially endogenous relationship between unemployment benefit receipt and individual characteristics. Since not all unemployed people are eligible for, or receive unemployment benefits, estimates of the health effects of unemployment benefits may be biased. This thesis aims to better understand whether unemployment benefits have a causal effect on health by taking advantage of quasi-experimental variations in unemployment benefit programs in the United States. In the first study, I investigate whether the presence of generous State unemployment benefit programs results in fewer suicides during labour market downturns. In the second study, I use longitudinal data to explore whether State unemployment benefit generosity buffers the impact of job loss on self-reported health. The third study examines whether unemployment benefit eligibility expansions lead to greater participation in physically active leisure. Lastly, I use an instrumental variables approach to estimate the self-reported health effects of receiving unemployment benefits. Across all four studies, I consistently find evidence that unemployment benefits have a health promoting effect in the short-term: unemployment benefits are associated with lower suicide rates, better self-reported health and increased physical activity. While the precise mechanisms remain uncertain, I argue that unemployment benefits may positively affect health by subsidizing income and leisure time, both of which can be beneficial for physical and mental health. Although unemployment benefits are unlikely to be a costeffective approach to improve health, the results indicate that policymaker efforts to reduce or limit access to unemployment benefits may lead to unanticipated adverse health effects.

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Bosco, Joseph A. "Liability for outer space activities : a United States' perspective." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65375.

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Alcide, Amary. "Hospice Psychosocial Service Availability and Utilization in the United States." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2504.

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Information has been sparse on the hospice psychosocial support offered through the American hospice system. This study examined the hospice psychosocial services that are available and utilized within the United States. In addition, the characteristics of patients and families who utilized these services were comprehensively assessed. Data from the 2007 National Home and Hospice Care Survey (NHHCS) was analyzed in this cross-sectional study (National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS], 2007). Hierarchical linear regression, hierarchal logistic regressions as well as chi-square test of independence were used to analyze the data. It was hypothesized that for profit hospice ownership status would predict less availability and utilization of psychosocial services when agency size, chain status, and patient total activity of daily needs are controlled. Ownership status was a significant predictor of medical social service availability where for profit agencies were more likely to have this service available. Conversely, hospice patients at for profit agencies were less likely to utilize medical social services as well as bereavement services. Overall, patient and caregiver utilization rates of psychosocial services were low with the exception of medical social services, bereavement services, spiritual care services, & safety training services. The majority of individuals that used these services were married, White, non-Hispanic, 74-75 year old cancer patients with no cognitive impairment. Most were Medicare recipients with advanced directives in place and had 4 ADL needs. Routine home care patients with an average care continuum of about 2-2 ½ months accounted for most of those who used these services. The majority of these patients lived in a private residence with family members and had spousal caregivers. These results suggest that the psychosocial services that are being provided have an overall low utilization rate despite availability regardless of ownership type. Further, psychosocial services are disproportionately underutilized by racial and ethnic minorities. In addition, these results highlight the disparity that exists between racial groups that are admitted under hospice care. Further interdisciplinary research needs to be conducted in order to address this disparity in order to determine alternative forms of care that are specifically tailored to a diverse patient population.

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Seney, Bruce Everett. "Portraying the Canada-United States relationship in social studies texts." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26606.

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The relationship between Canada and the United States is the focus of many accounts in Canadian social studies textbooks. A variety of topics highlighting different themes of the relationship are exhibited in numerous secondary school textbooks. However, it is postulated the accounts of Canada's relations with the United States are singular thematic in format and nation-centric in approach. The study develops a framework of analysis that first, enables a binary decision of the overall prevalence of a singular thematic format or a multiplictic approach pertaining to textbooks. The term multiplictic refers to the multiplicity of points of view about a topic of study. The approach presents a number of different themes that helps explain the complexity of the relationship. A multiplictic method would utilize diverse viewpoints about issues representative of the relationship. A second feature of the framework is that it provides a more detailed assessment of the perspective evident in five issue areas central to the relationship. To assess each issue area as being nation-centric or multiplictic, three determinants are used to interpret how the Canada-United States relationship is portrayed. The determinants used to analyse the single or multiple themes are: the existence of a nation-centric perspective; the usage of rhetoric describing the relationship; and the preponderance of singular thematic judgments. Profiles of five issue areas that represent the Canada-United States relationship are evaluated in fifteen Canadian social studies textbooks. The five issue areas are: cultural issues, defence issues, environmental issues, foreign ownership issues, and trade issues. Results of the study indicate that fifty-two of the fifty-seven profiles analysed have a tendency of being singular thematic and nation-centric in perspective. Also, nine of the fifteen textbooks examined show a tendency to be negative in their description of the Canada-United States relationship. These findings suggest that portrayals of the Canada-United States relationship in textbooks fosters an autarkist mentality. Such a perception of Canada's relationship with the United States would appear to focus on Canadian survival in a global context instead of enhancing student understanding of internationally-oriented issues. The exploratory study reveals an underlying trend in textbooks concerned with the Canada-United States relationship that is significant to a variety of audiences including scholars and educators interested in the study and teaching of Canadian-American relations and publishers responsible for developing appropriate classroom materials.
Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate

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Ricker, Jennifer K. "From Social Engineering to Democracy Promotion: An Examination of 125 Years U.S. Political and Economic Policy." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1182778761.

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Burkhardt, Guy Norman. "Population Determinants of Social Change: An Analysis of the Age composition of the United States from 1920 to 1983." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1284.

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The purpose of this study is to explain the consequences of a changing age structure on social change in the urban industrialized environment. This analysis determines the impact of the younger to the older labor force aged population on both negative and positive forms of social change behavior. The indices of social behavior to be examined are the deviant behaviors of homicide, suicide and certain innovative behavior associated with patent activity. The specific age composition of the population to be examined is the ratio of young male adults aged 15-34 to those aged 35-64. The analysis of main effects of the model is conducted, controlling for the effects of unemployment and urban growth. These control variables have traditionally been documented as being important factors associated with deviant forms of behavior. However, the more contemporary literature increasingly recognizes the relationship between age and the tendency to act out certain social change behaviors. Most of social change emphasizes "negative" deviant behaviors. This study incorporated two innovative measures related to patents in an attempt to measure "positive" forms of deviant behavior. This strategy is used to determine if positive behavior can be explained by the same independent variables used to account for negative behavior. A multiple linear regression model is used to analyze the hypothesis of the research model. The results show a significant relationship between the age composition of the population and the selected indices of social behavior. As expected, the traditional indices of negative deviant behavior are consistent with the findings of the model. The less traditional indices used to measure innovation also result in positive findings. However, the significance of these latter findings is more modest in comparison to those of the traditional measures of deviant behavior. The implications of this study are that when pressure for opportunity builds in the population due to a heavy proportion of young adults, the prevalence of both positive (innovative) and negative (destructive) behavior increases. These behaviors reflect the need within society to change and adapt to population requirements. These dynamics are heightened as our society becomes more urbanized under the circumstances. The task for social policy makers is how to encourage the positive innovative forms of social change.

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Cagle, Paul Christopher. "Historical foundations of Hollywood's social problem film, 1945-1967 /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174579.

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Julian, Amber. "Guided Autobiography Themes for Older Adult United States War Veterans." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10263727.

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Guided Autobiography is a process of writing, sharing and preserving one’s life stories and life experiences. It leads one down a path through vast stores of memories, leading to an increased awareness and appreciation of having lived through so much.

The purpose of this study was to adapt Birren’s Guided Autobiography (GAB) program for U. S. veterans 65 years of age and older. The themes developed for this study were based on Birren’s nine themes for conducting autobiography groups. It was tailored to include themes relevant to older adult war veterans. Local veterans were interviewed and asked about past war experiences. The responses were recorded and analyzed using qualitative research methods. GAB serves to assist Gerontologists, Social Workers and other Health Practitioners in that it helps to provide insight into veterans’ experiences.

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Mieras, Emily. ""A more perfect sympathy": College students and social service, 1889-1914." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593092096.

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Clermont-Legros, Jean-Francis. "The quest for a social ethics : an intellectual history of U.S. social sciences : the case of Herbert Hoover, Wesley C. Mitchell, Charles E. Merriam and Mary van Kleeck." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100339.

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Between 1900 and 1930, social scientists attempted to refashion social ethics by conducting extensive social research. Some of them collaborated with Herbert Hoover before and after he became president. In the 1920s, they accepted positions on Herbert Hoover's various commissions. The work they did on these commissions made them a forum for manifesting their interest in modernizing social ethics. At one and the same time, they were in a position to define both social ethics and the purpose of the social sciences. Throughout this dissertation, I explore the cases of three social scientists involved with Hoover's commissions: the economist Wesley Clair Mitchell, the political scientist Charles Edward Merriam, and the industrial researcher and social worker Mary van Kleeck. Wesley Clair Mitchell addressed issues of American consumption and economic behaviour. Charles Edward Merriam analyzed the political behaviour of American citizens. Mary van Kleeck surveyed labour relations between American workers and employers. In this dissertation, I have employed methods developed by intellectual historians, focussing on the published and unpublished papers that these social experts and Herbert Hoover himself produced. This collaboration between Hoover and some of the most prominent social scientists of the day explains the ambitious project they undertook, that of adjusting social ethics to the modern living conditions they had discovered while carrying out their social research. In so doing, they sought to adapt the traditional code of conduct of most Americans to the new circumstances that prevailed in the first decades of the twentieth century.

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Yang, Victor. "Unleashing power : pathways to inclusion and representation in U.S. AIDS activist organisations : a comparative case study of political representation in the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5b51086e-cd00-4d92-b39a-2865219ea5a1.

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The thesis proposes a theory for the development of substantive representation among social movement organisations (SMOs). Substantive representation (SR) is the extent to which political institutions advance the policy interests of their constituents, in particular the most disenfranchised. Despite their noble proclamations, institutions of representative democracy often fail to advance the interests of groups who have been ignored and absent at the proverbial table. The thesis establishes a causal process to explain the divergence in SR outcomes among informal SMOs, or all-volunteer groups that disavow formal hierarchy in favour of egalitarian modes of decision-making. It utilises a case study of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP), an umbrella organisation dedicated to ending the HIV/AIDS crisis in the United States and worldwide. It explains an anomalous story of SR attainment through the ACT UP Philadelphia chapter, compared to sister groups in New York City and Boston. The analysis draws from 92 semi-structured interviews, 13 months of participant observation, periodical review, and archival databases. ACT UP Philadelphia translated common SMO intentions of inclusivity into the uncommon rituals of practice. It forged a deliberate pipeline to invest not only in the presence but also the power of disenfranchised people with HIV, people too dark and poor to interest counterpart groups in other cities. Through an analytic retelling of ACT UP's history, the thesis argues that the fulfilment of SR depends on the ability of SMOs to appeal to member self-interest. Critically, SMOs can offer material incentives and nurture feelings of debt and obligation: causal steps to recruitment and sustainability of a heterogeneous membership. In building a crucial if contentious core of dissimilar people and partnerships, SMOs can unleash an oft-unrealised power for collective action and SR, by and for disenfranchised peoples who had thought change to be impossible.

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Gillespie, Patricia A. "Examining the perceptions of American educators on meeting the social and emotional needs of students." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2008. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/755.

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Ortiz, Rosa Y. "Public misperceptions about undocumented immigrants in United States." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12004.

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Master of Arts
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
Laszlo Kulcsar
Undocumented immigrants are an exploited and disenfranchised faction of society that garner counterfactual attitudes by the public. This study aims to dispel myths held among the public by contesting fiction with facts. First, I argue that media sources and misinformation have culpability in inciting the publics' misguided perceptions about undocumented immigrants. For example, the images propelled to viewers reproduce moral panics, stratification, subjugation, social injustice and the fallacious notion that Mexican‟s are representative of all Hispanic unauthorized immigrants. This thesis then examines the public opinion responses of participants from the CBS and New York Times monthly survey poll of May 2007, compared to academic and government sources on health care, terrorism, and economics. The analysis concludes that participants‟ responses reveal misconceptions on the usage of health care by undocumented immigrants; the threat of terrorism as a means to deny Hispanics citizenship; the economic impact of cost to benefit analysis of the undocumented; and that Mexicans are not representative of all undocumented immigrant groups.

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Kriegler, Anine. "United States post-Cold War drug and trade policy and Mexico." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11943.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
This essay provides a framework for explanations of the drug war's failure and its incongruity with other regional interests, most notably trade. It suggests three potential theoretical interests, most notably trade. It suggests three potential theoretical approaches - a conspiracy (realist) theory, a cultural (constructivist) theory, and a compartmentalisation (bureaucratic politics) theory.

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Xu, Rongtao. "Brownfield financing in the United States : from social benefit-cost perspective." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58629.

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Thesis (M.C.P. )--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, Center for Real Estate, 2006.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-103).
Since 1995, the government has launched brownfield financing programs to promote brownfield cleanup and redevelopment in the United States. These programs have lowered financial barriers for brownfield developers and returned vibrant properties to communities. In this study, I focus on examining the efficiency of these incentives from the social perspective and proposing optimal funding decision rules. I hypothesize that brownfield funds are not allocated optimally in some cases. First, I investigate the current brownfield financing programs at federal, state, and local levels. Second, based on externality and welfare economics theories, I propose an optimal funding-decision flow chart. Third, by testing my hypothesis on three brownfield cases in Massachusetts, I perform social benefit-cost analyses and determine whether brownfield funds were justified by their social returns. Finally, I discuss the major findings from these case studies and point out ways to improve current brownfield financial and non-financial policies. Based on theoretical analyses, I propose that the government should not sponsor projects with positive private net present values, but rather focus on projects that have positive net present social values and not feasible without subsidies.
(cont.) In the real world, it is difficult to measure the social benefits of a brownfield redevelopment accurately, especially before a development project is completed. Hedonic models show that only one of three cases exhibit significant positive enhancement on housing values after redevelopment.. Only development of a simple rule-of-thumb benefit assessment toll would make an optimal brownfield funding decision possible.
by Rongtao Xu.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
M.C.P.

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Roy, Enakshi. "Social Media, Censorship and Securitization in the United States and India." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1501849533632077.

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Rincón, Gabriela. "El Sistema in the United States: Achieving Social Change Through Music." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579299.

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The purpose of this research was to explore the inner workings of El Sistema-inspired programs in the United States. The mission of the El Sistema program is to support social change through music. The central focus of this research is the social change aspect of the program. This project took place over the period of a year and involved week-long visits at three geographically different locations in the United States. To collect data, I observed lessons, sectionals, and rehearsals in addition to conducting interviews with members of the administration and staff. This research found that through fostering individual growth among the students by developing strong student to teacher relationships, the programs make a positive impact on social change.

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Balkan, Sule 1966. "Social insurance programs and compensating wage differentials in the United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282704.

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This dissertation brings together empirical analyses of the impact of social insurance programs on compensating wage differentials under different institutional frameworks. I study three periods: the late nineteenth century prior to the introduction of Unemployment Insurance, the Great Depression when Unemployment Insurance is introduced, and then the recent period, in which UI has been long established. Initially, late nineteenth century labor markets with no social programs for workers were investigated. Three different data sets were analyzed from two different states, Maine and Kansas, to examine the precautionary saving behavior of workers and the wage premium they received for the expected unemployment prevalent in their industry. Results showed that workers were receiving statistically and economically significant wage premiums in two of the three samples. Also, in two of the three samples, households were able to save against expected unemployment using family resources. In the second chapter, after reviewing the historical backgrounds of social insurance programs, namely Workers' Compensation, Compensation for Occupational Diseases, and Unemployment Insurance (UI), the empirical literature about the impacts of these programs on wages is reviewed. Later in the chapter, hours and earnings data for various manufacturing industries across forty-eight states for the years 1933-1939 are brought together with the state UI, Workers' Compensation, and Compensation for Occupational Diseases provisions to test the impact of these laws on wage rates. The economic history and origins of UI have not been elaborated before and no previous study has analyzed the simultaneous impacts of different social insurance programs. Results showed that higher accident rates, limited working hours and the higher regional cost of living had a positive impact on wages. Workers' Compensation continued to have a negative impact on wages. During its infancy, UI benefits did not have a statistically significant effect on wages. The last chapter analyzes the impact of UI and the unemployment rate for the labor market of the worker on wage rates using micro level modern data. Results from the analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth suggest that expected UI benefits have a negative and statistically significant impact on wages, holding worker and labor market characteristics constant. However, the unemployment rate of the labor market did not have a statistically significant impact on wages.

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Glass, Thomas Westbrook. "Essays on the distributional aspects of Social Security /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Rosendahl, Patricia. "Digital capital: a mode of bridging capital for immigrant and refugee population." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3645.

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The resettlement of immigrant and refugee populations poses specific challenges to new host communities. Municipalities must find resources to assist these populations in transitioning into a new culture. Immediate needs are often adequate housing, health care, and primary schooling. While this transitioning process is still in play, the search for employment begins; often at the cost of consideration of longer-term needs, such as English or other host country language acquisition and planning for long-term career goals. Theorists in the field of social capital postulate that bonding and bridging social capital offers benefits for populations adjusting to new communities. Connections to like-minded individuals or pre-existing ethnic ties (bonding social capital) can provide support important to the well-being of individuals going through difficult social adjustments while connecting with new social groups (bridging social capital) can provide new information leading to expanding opportunities. The concept of bridging social capital for immigrant and refugee populations is the subject of this research study. It is situated within the context of our digital age in which information communication technology (ICT) is the primary mode of access to information and services. For the purpose of this thesis, the capability to exploit this mode of communication is thus identified as “digital capital.” As more and more governmental, educational, and social services are distributed within a technological environment, it is necessary to examine this mode of connection to information as a form of capital which can be viewed in a similar framework to other types of social capital. Access to technology and ICTs has been considered an integral element of the Development Goals as adopted by the United Nations for the Year 2000 Millennium Goals. Though later debates have questioned how ICTs may have benefited development goals, the pervasiveness of this form of information flow continues. Within Development Studies, Sen’s theory on the Capability Approach offers a valuable opportunity of connecting digital capital to development. Just as the Capabilities Approach accommodates the diversity of human values, characteristics, and functionings, so can digital capital provide flexibility through adaptation by the users to tailor the medium to meet specific needs. It is this freedom to adjust to individual needs and goals that allows this mode of bridging capital to hold a distinct advantage for immigrants and refugees who are searching for effective links into new social networks in the job search process. The role of the community college system has been at the forefront of providing educational training and social acclimation for this population in their quest for economic self-sufficiency in the resettlement process. A greater understanding of the role that technology plays in the success of immigrant and refugee resettlement is vitally important for the well-being of communities undergoing dynamic demographic change.

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Chace, Christopher Bruce. "In the mind's eye cultural influence in defense analysis and strategic planning /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA233080.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): Teti, Frank M. Second Reader: Breemer, Jan S. "June 1990." Description based on signature page as viewed on October 19, 2009. DTIC Identifiers: Culture, strategic planning, defense analysis, defense systems, acculturation, perception, strategic culture, national style. Author(s) subject terms: culture, acculturation, perception, strategic culture, national style, strategic planning, defense analysis. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

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Abe, Yuka. "Japanese fathers in the United States negotiating different cultural expectations /." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11152005-223622/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2005.
Ralph LaRossa, committee chair; Toshi Kii, Elisabeth Burgess, committee members. Electronic text (90 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 16, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-83).

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41

Paxton, Allison Danielle. "CULTURE THROUGH CONTAINERS: SOUTH KOREA AND THE UNITED STATES." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556149413638045.

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42

Baker, Joseph O., Kelli K. Smith, and Yasmin A. Stoss. "Theism, Secularism, and Sexual Education in the United States." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/491.

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Substantial bodies of literature have examined public opinion about sexual education, the politicization of sexual education in public schools, and connections between population characteristics and social policies. At present, however, little is known about whether and how population characteristics predict the likelihood of specific sexual education policies. We analyze data at the state level in the USA to determine if and how specific religious aspects of states’ populations influence the likelihood of specific sexual education policies. Results indicate that high levels of theism significantly increase the likelihood of sexual education policies stressing abstinence, while higher levels of individuals not actively participating in organized religion correlate with a significantly higher likelihood of having sexual education policy that mandates the coverage of contraception. We discuss these findings in a framework of symbolic politics and moral communities, focusing on the intersections of religion, politics, and sexuality.

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Karagiannis, Anastasios. "The social-historical context of special education and mainstreaming in the United States from independence to 1990." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39780.

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This investigation explored special education and mainstreaming in the social-historical context of U.S. general formal public education and society from the American Revolution to 1990. Its main purpose was to examine the obstacles to and prospects of 'purposeful' mainstreaming in this wider context. First, special education was placed in the context of general education and society. Second, the objectives of general education were viewed historically to examine the influence of evolving societal conditions on special education. Third, the outcomes of PL 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act) from its passage to the late 1980s were explored in conjunction with the various models and practices of mainstreaming. Fourth, the meaning of the 1980s' 'excellence' reforms were scrutinized. It was found that: (1) the concept of 'society as primarily an economic entity' has had a decisive influence on the objectives of U.S. formal education and special education; (2) special education has functioned mainly as a means of educational amelioration and social control; (3) there have been three major waves of reform in special education arrangements in U.S. history--in the first two waves the element of social control outlasted the element of educational remediation; (4) the latest wave of special education reform, led primarily by the federal government and corporate business and targeting disadvantaged students and their families, has commenced since the 1960s; and (5) the principal mode of reform for the latest wave appears to be 'interagency collaboration' which has inherent elements of educational improvement and social control. Implications of these findings for 'purposeful' mainstreaming are discussed. Based on the suggestion that the obstacles to mainstreaming be situated in the wider social-historical context of the U.S. society, several recommendations are given for strategic planning and more meaningful reform.

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Hughes, Margaret Jean. "Who will you see? A positive typology of African American and Latino men involved in groups society labels, gangs." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/687.

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45

Daldin, Jacqueline. "Representations of Teen Pregnancy and Motherhood in the United States." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21952.

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The teen pregnancy rate in the United States has been rapidly and steadily declining across all ethnic groups and races over the past two decades and is now at an all-time low. Most academic studies attribute this decline to increased and consistent use of contraception. Despite this good news, instead of or in addition to focusing on evidence-based advocacy in their prevention efforts, many social institutions, including public health entities and private sector organizations, continue to use representations of teen pregnancy and motherhood that stigmatize young mothers – or construct narratives of failure – as part of their communication interventions. The advent of social media, however, has given young mothers the means to challenge these mainstream representations and create positive social identities – or construct narratives of success. My research focuses on how images used in prevention campaigns construct or resist representations of teen pregnancy. My methodological framework consists of a combination of textual analysis and qualitative interviews with the image-producers. Theories related to language as an important tool for constructing and resisting representations, communication for social change as a rights-based framework and social media as a site to build identity and interject voice in public discourse are also explored and should be of interest to communication for development practitioners.

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O'REILLY, JOSEPH MATTHEW. "LEGAL PRIVACY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PRIVACY: AN EVALUATION OF COURT ORDERED DESIGN STANDARDS (ENVIRONMENTAL, PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS, ARCHITECTURE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187916.

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The legal system and the social sciences share an interest in privacy but have developed separate conceptualizations of the concept. The result is two similar but conflicting theories of privacy that make different assumptions about how people behave and how that behavior can be controlled. The purpose of this study was to begin testing these theories by examining the operationalization of privacy through mandated standards intended to ensure privacy for the mentally ill. Specifically, the standards set in Wyatt v. Stickney, which reflect the idea that privacy is a sphere of space free from outside intrusion, were examined to see if they did indeed ensure privacy. Using two units in a facility that met the standards mandated by the court in Wyatt v. Stickney, the research examined staff and patient perceptions of privacy. Thirty-five patients were interviewed and twenty-four staff completed questionnaires on the overall habitability of the unit and patient privacy. Results indicated that the Wyatt court's operationalization of privacy as primarily a visual phenomena was inadequate and although the specific standards ordered to ensure privacy were reported to be effective by a simple majority of patients, overall patients reported a lack of privacy. Staff responses were generally in agreement with patients but they tended to use more extreme or stronger ratings. The present study also has implications for the legal conceptualization of privacy. It was found that privacy was perceived as important by patients; that autonomy as evidenced by control was an important issue for a minority of patients; and, the right of selective disclosure was not a major concern of patients. Needed future areas of research that were identified included: comparing privacy ratings across a variety of group living situations, comparing the mentally ill's conceptualizations of privacy from others, determining the effect of privacy on the therapeutic goals of an institution and therapeutic outcome and, determine the relative importance of privacy to the mentally ill.

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47

Clute, Kevin P. "A study of wildland fire communications in the United States." Connect to resource, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1125587904.

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Tuchovsky, Charleen M. "Galatea's uprising activism in the United States sex workers' rights movement /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.

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Butts, Jonathan J. "Community and social justice in New Deal-era urban literature." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.

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50

Reed, Janet. "Experiments in Social Salvation: The Settlement Movement in Chicago, 1890-1910." TopSCHOLAR®, 2000. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/697.

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In this study, the settlement movement in Chicago is presented as a crucible for the development of Progressive reform. The subjective and objective necessities for social settlements are described through the lives of men and women central to the movement. Reformers such as Jane Addams, Graham Taylor, and Mary McDowell fused their personal motives to their expanding assumptions regarding public welfare in their pursuit of social salvation. The settlement community advanced a methodology of experimentation and flexibility, which was instrumental to the transformation of nineteenth century ideas of charity into the new twentieth century science of social work. The processes of reform were greatly influenced by the evolving concepts of class, gender, and race. The feminine nature of settlement work and the opportunities afforded to generations of college-educated women were integral to the impact the settlement community had on Progressive reform in general and to the role settlement workers played in affecting public opinion. Primary sources include Jane Addams' correspondence, Twenty Years at Hull-House, and issues of the periodical The Commons. The historiography of the Progressive Era is also considered, and the effects of class, gender, and race upon its development throughout the twentieth century.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marginality, social – united states'

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