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Journal articles on the topic 'Marginal situation'
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1
Butylina, Olena. "Marginal situation its structure and social community." Ukrainian society 2012, no. 2 (2012): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2012.02.017.
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Points of view to attribute (definition) of ideas and phenomenon of marginal situation were analyzed in this article and its structure elements were marked. Author forms behavior strategies of social persons in marginal situation and make conclusion is about marginal social consequence on the level of the public and on the individual level, characterizing marginality as condition of periphery sojourn identified or group are in limits of behavior of social persons.
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Verdino, Timotius. "Roh Kudus, Napas Sang Rentan dan Marginal." Theologia in Loco 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55935/thilo.v2i2.194.
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Abstrak: Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah konstruksi teologi kontekstual mengenai orang miskin di Indonesia dalam situasi Pandemi Covid-19. Saya akan memulai tulisan ini dengan menampilkan situasi kemiskinan dan ketidakadilan yang dialami orang miskin di Indonesia selama Pandemi Covid-19. Kemudian, saya akan membahas tinjauan biblis mengenai kehendak Allah akan keadilan bagi orang miskin dan juga perspektif teologi pembebasan tentang kemiskinan oleh Aloysius Pieris. Setelah itu, saya akan mendialogkan pandangan biblis dan teologis tersebut dengan Yohanes 20:22. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini akan ditutup dengan konstruksi teologi kontekstual tentang Roh Kudus, sebagai napas sang rentan dan marginal yang memperjuangkan keadilan dalam situasi pandemi Covid-19.
Abstract: This article is a contextual theology regarding the poor in Indonesia in the Covid-19 Pandemic situation. I will start this paper by presenting the poverty situation and poor people’s experience of injustice in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Then, I will discuss the biblical review of God's will for justice for the poor and discuss the perspective of liberation theology on poverty by Aloysius Pieris. After that, both discussions will be placed in the conversation with John 20:22. In the end, this paper will conclude a contextual theological construction of the Holy Spirit, as the breath of the vulnerable and the marginalized people who seek for justice in the Covid-19 Pandemic situation.
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Gajdoš, P. "Marginal regions in Slovakia and their developmental disposabilities." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 12 (February 21, 2012): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5151-agricecon.
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The study deals with the problems of territorial marginality in Slovakia. It illustrates the content structure of regional marginality, its factor satiation, as well as its spatial (territorial) localization. The historical-spatial context of marginal territories in Slovakia and their position in the transformation period are pointed out. The stress is laid on social-spatial marginality of the regions, representing its central component. The study suggests the possibilities of solving the problems of marginal regions, their developmental disposabilities, as well as the necessity of application of certain demarginalization activities, as a component part of modernization processes and their dynamization in the respective territories. The existing contradictions between the intentions of the regional policy of the Slovak Republic and the actual situation in solving the problems of marginal regions have been pointed out as well.
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Jánský, J., and P. Novák. "The analysis of financial situation of agricultural enterprises in productive and marginal conditions with the use of non-financial indicators." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 9 (March 1, 2012): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5347-agricecon.
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The paper is focused on the evaluation of the development of financial situation of agricultural co-operatives in the CzechRepublic in 1997–2000 operating in both productive and marginal regions. The comparison of financial situation in these two groups of agricultural firms comes from the classification of firms according to productive regions. Presented results cover firms from the sample of agricultural firms observed in the RIAE Praha. Development tendencies of agricultural co-operatives in these two regions are analysed by means of chosen debt, liquidity, activity and profitability indicators. Non-financial indicators enlarging the above mentioned characteristics of firms’ financial situation are suggested and analysed in the last part of this paper.
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Morris, Alan, Bruce Judd, Kay Kavanagh, and Yuvisthi Naidoo. "Older marginalised people: pathways into and out of a marginal housing situation." Australian Journal of Human Rights 11, no. 1 (October 2005): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1323238x.2005.11910795.
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Kambia-Chopin, Bidénam. "Coûts de l’autoprotection et équilibre d’un marché de l’assurance concurrentiel." Articles 79, no. 3 (January 25, 2005): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/009903ar.
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Résumé Nous considérons un marché concurrentiel de l’assurance en présence d’aléa moral dans lequel le niveau du coût de l’autoprotection de l’assuré est son information privée. Nous caractérisons alors l’équilibre en contrats du marché en supposant qu’il existe deux types d’agents : un type à faible coût marginal de l’effort et un autre dont le coût marginal est élevé. D’une part, nous montrons que le niveau de l’autoprotection de l’agent à l’équilibre est le même que dans la situation d’aléa moral pur. D’autre part, nous montrons qu’à l’équilibre les agents dont le coût marginal de l’effort est élevé obtiennent le même contrat que dans la situation d’aléa moral pur alors que l’autre type d’agents peut obtenir une couverture d’assurance plus faible. Enfin, l’existence de l’équilibre n’est pas toujours garantie.
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Márquez De la Cruz, Gilberto, Maria Antonieta Andrade Vallejo, and María Del Pilar Peña Cruz. "Reforma energética en México: los subsidios eléctricos y su impacto en las finanzas públicas." Oikos 19, no. 40 (May 4, 2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07184670.40.977.
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RESUMEN Este artículo describe brevemente la política de subsidios vía tarifas eléctricas que ha sido implementada en México en el periodo 2000-2014, así como el impacto negativo que ha tenido en las finanzas públicas. Asimismo sugiere mediante un análisis teórico la aplicación de una Política de Precios basada en Costos Marginales de Largo Plazo considerando criterios de equidad y distribución del ingreso que lleven a una situación de viabilidad financiera a la empresa suministradora de energía eléctrica del país.Palabras clave: tarifas eléctricas, subsidios, finanzas públicas, política de precios, costos marginales de largo plazo.Energy reform in Mexico: the electrical subsidies and their impact on public finances ABSTRACT This article briefly describes the policy of subsidies through electricity rates has been implemented in Mexico in the period 2000-2014, and the negative impact it has had on public finances. It also suggests a theoretical analysis by the application of a pricing policy based on Long Term Marginal Cost considering criteria of equity and income distribution leading to a situation of financial viability to the company supplying electricity in the country.Keywords: electricity rates, subsidies, public finances, price policy, long-term marginal costs.Reforma energética no México: os subsídios elétricos e seu impacto nas finanças públicas RESUMO Este artigo descreve brevemente a política de subsídios através de tarifas elétricas que tem sido realizada no México no período 2000-2014, bem como o impacto negativo que teve sobre as finanças públicas. Também sugere uma análise teórica com a aplicação de uma Política de Preços baseado em Custos Marginais de Longo Prazo, considerando critérios de equidade e de distribuição de renda que levam a uma situação de viabilidade financeira a empresa fornecedora de energia elétrica do país.Palavras-chave: tarifas elétricas, subsídios, finanças públicas, política de preços, custos marginais de longo prazo.
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Duck, Peter W. "Unsteady three-dimensional marginal separation, including breakdown." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 220 (November 1990): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112090003196.
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We consider a situation involving a three-dimensional marginal separation, where a (steady) boundary-layer flow is on the verge of separating at a point (located along a line of symmetry/centreline). At this point we include a ‘triple-deck’, thereby permitting a small amount of interaction to occur. Unsteadiness is included within this interaction region through some external means. It is shown that the problem reduces to the solution of a nonlinear, unsteady, partial integro system, which is solved numerically by means of time-marching together with a pseudo-spectral method spatially. A number of solutions to this system are presented which strongly suggest that a breakdown of this system may occur, at a finite spatial position, at a finite time. The structure and details of this breakdown are then described.
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Mega, Firda Mustika. "EDUKASI PARENTING TERHADAP KAUM MARGINAL KOTA." SCAFFOLDING: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Multikulturalisme 2, no. 02 (December 13, 2020): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v2i02.579.
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Trough of a social perspective, the portrait of a small family living in a marginal urban area with poor economic conditions forces its residents to work as scavengers, buskers and homeless people. This profession is not only done by parents, but they also involve their children to work on the streets. The weak economic situation of the family has an impact on the growth and development of their children and their right to appreciate education. However, the failure to fulfill the right to proper education for children because poverty can be anticipated by providing education and solutions in care. This happened in the residential area of Kampung Ledhok Timoho Jogjakarta where in-depth assessment and intervention had been carried out on the parenting role of parents. This research is a descriptive qualitative study using the phenomenological approach of Alfred Schutz which has the concept of because of motive and in order to motive into understand parenting education as family education as well as the motives behind and the hopes they want to achieve. As a result, with strong support and desire, the threat of unequal education for marginalized people is broken down and education does not always have to be balanced with high costs.
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Rahman, M., AI Sikder, M. Haque, and AKM Asaduzzaman. "Outpatient Management Of Low Velocity Gunshot Wound Experience In United Nations Level-Ii Hospital." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 7, no. 2 (April 16, 2012): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10388.
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Introduction: Gunshot wounds are commonly encountered in war as well as in civilian situation. Experience of treating low velocity gunshot wounds (GSW) as outpatients in a war situation is depicted in this study. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the experience of treating low velocity gunshot wounds by simple wound irrigation and marginal excision in war situation. Method: This was a retrospective observational study carried out in a Level-II Hospital of United Nations in Ivory Coast over a period of 7 months. All patients of low velocity GSW were treated with simple wound irrigation with normal saline and povidone iodine solution with excision of wound margin of doubtful viability under local anesthesia, rather than wound debridement. Result: All wounds healed with 6% superficial wound infection that was controlled with oral antibiotics. Conclusion: Outpatient management of low velocity GSW with wound irrigation and marginal excision is an effective method of treatment that can save time, money and hospital-stay. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10388 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 12-14
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Lødrup, Helge, and Marianne Hobæk Haff. "Hvorfor er Berit farmasøyt mens Brigitte er pharmacienne? Om kjønnsspesifikke betegnelser for yrker og funksjoner i norsk og fransk." Oslo Studies in Language 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.8503.
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In French, nouns denoting occupations and offices usually have different forms for males and females (e.g. pharmacien 'male pharmacist' - pharmacienne 'female pharmacist'). In Norwegian, this is a very marginal phenomenon. We discuss this difference between the two languages, and propose that it must be understood on the background of their systems of grammatical gender. The forms for males and females find a natural place in French, with its clear distinction between masculine and feminine gender. The situation is different in Norwegian, where this distinction is marginal or non-existing in central varieties.
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Gasparian, Mikhail Samuilovich, Irina Anatolievna Kiseleva, Valery Aleksandrovich Titov, and Natalia Alekseevna Sadovnikova. "Modeling an enterprise's operations based on marginal ideology." Nexo Revista Científica 34, no. 01 (April 15, 2021): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i01.11323.
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The paper explores the topical subject of modeling enterprise operations with the use of marginal analysis. The market economy is characterised by the heightened instability of the complex socioeconomic system, which is almost impossible to fully grasp and study. Businesses face intense competition. Adequate managerial decision-making requires in-depth comprehensive assessments of the situation and reliable forecasting. A firm that makes correct forecasts gains additional profit compared to one abstaining from forecasting. Meanwhile, a firm making an incorrect forecast loses most of all. Managerial decisions often rely on break-even analysis, i. e., marginal analysis. This paper explores examples where even in cases when disadvantageous choices are made (as shown by break-even analysis), the setting can still lead to positive results, i. e., at least a moderate profit, through the validation of the managerial decision by further analysis and calculations. The methods of enquiry, retrospective and document analysis, as well as synthesis, generalisation and systematisation were used.
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Jackson, Tonya Smith, and Katherine W. Klein. "Body Consciousness and Situation Awareness in Perceptual Motor Systems." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 1 (October 1997): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181397041001132.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between body consciousness, perceptual motor performance, and subjective ratings quality. Twenty-one college students participated. The Criterion Task Set unstable tracking task (Shingledecker, 1984) and the Private Body Conscious Scale (Miller, Murphy, and Buss, 1981) were used to explore relationships. Two hypotheses were tested: 1) self-reporting of performance accuracy varies with objective task difficulty and with actual performance quality, and 2) high body conscious individuals will outperform and also give more accurate estimates of their own performance than low body conscious subjects. Results provided support for the self-report accuracy and difficulty level relationship. Marginal support was found for the relationship between body consciousness and self-report accuracy. Additionally, a significant interaction indicated that, at higher difficulty levels, high body conscious subjects performed better than low body conscious subjects. Implications for situation awareness training, usability testing, and performance improvement are discussed.
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Grøntoft, Terje. "Estimation of Damage Cost to Building Façades per kilo Emission of Air Pollution in Norway." Atmosphere 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070686.
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This work reports marginal damage costs to façades due to air pollution exposure estimated “bottom up,” for Norway and Oslo (Norway) by the use of exposure response functions (ERFs) and impact pathway analysis from the emission to the deteriorating impact. The aim of the work was to supply cost estimates that could be compared with reported damage costs to health, agriculture, and ecosystems, and that could be used in cost-benefit analysis by environmental authorities. The marginal damage costs for cleaning, repair, and in total (cleaning + repair) were found to be, in Norway: eight, two, and 10, respectively, and for a traffic situation in Oslo: 50 (77), 50 (28), and 100 (105), (×/÷ 2.5) Euro/kg emission of PM10, SO2, and NO2 in total. For Oslo, the values represent a recorded façade materials inventory for 17–18th century buildings, and in the brackets the same façade inventory as for Norway. In total, 5–10% of the marginal damage cost was found to be due to NO2. The total marginal cost was found to be shared about equally between the impact of PM10 and SO2 in Norway (50 and 42% of the impact) and for the 17–18th century buildings in Oslo (45% and 49% of the impact), but for a similar façade materials inventory in Oslo as Norway, the total marginal cost due to PM10 was about two-thirds and that due to SO2 about one-third of the total, with about 5% of the cost still being due to NO2. The division of the costs between the separate pollutant influences on the cleaning and repair was, however, found to be significantly different in Norway and Oslo. In Norway, about 60% of the marginal cleaning cost was found to be due to PM10, 30% due to SO2, and 10% due to NO2. In Oslo, about 85% of the marginal cleaning costs were found to be due to PM10, 10% due to SO2, and 5% due to NO2. For the marginal repair cost, the opposite situation was found, in both Norway and Oslo, with 80–90% of the cost being due to SO2, 5–10% being due to PM10, and 5–10% due to NO2. As other factors than air pollution deteriorates façades and influences maintenance decisions, the expenses that can be attributed to the air pollution could be significantly lower.
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Ozer, F., O. Irmak, O. Yakymiv, A. Mohammed, R. Pande, N. Saleh, and M. Blatz. "Three-year Clinical Performance of Two Giomer Restorative Materials in Restorations." Operative Dentistry 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): E60—E67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-353-c.
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Clinical Relevance The clinical performance of both conventional and flowable giomer restorative materials was particularly good in Class I restorations after three years of service. SUMMARY This study evaluated and compared the clinical performance of a flowable and a conventional giomer restorative material after three years. Forty-four pairs of restorations (total n=88) were placed in Class I cavities with either a flowable giomer (Beautifil Flow Plus F00; Shofu Inc, Kyoto, Japan) or a conventional giomer restorative material (Beautifil II; Shofu Inc) after the application of a dentin adhesive (FL-Bond II; Shofu Inc) and a flowable liner (Beautifil Flow Plus F03; Shofu Inc). After 3 years, 39 pairs of restorations were evaluated with the modified United States Public Health Service criteria, and digital color photographs of restorations were taken at each patient visit. The evaluation parameters were as follows: color match, marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, retention, secondary caries formation, anatomic form, surface texture, and postoperative sensitivity. Evaluations were recorded as a clinically ideal situation (Alpha), a clinically acceptable situation (Bravo), or a clinically unacceptable situation (Charlie). Data were analyzed with Fisher’s exact and McNemar tests (α=0.05). None of the restorations showed retention loss, postoperative sensitivity, secondary caries, or color change. The performance of Beautifil II in terms of marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, and surface anatomic form was significantly lower at the 36-month follow-up than at baseline (p=0.007). There were no significant differences between the baseline and 36-month follow-up scores for the other criteria for Beautifil II (p>0.05). No differences were found between the baseline and the 36-month follow-up scores for any of the criteria for Beautifil Flow Plus F00 (p>0.05). No statistically significant difference in overall clinical performance was found between the 2 materials after 36 months (p>0.05). The three-year clinical performance of both restorative materials (Beautifil Flow Plus F00 and Beautifil II) was very good and not significantly different for any of the parameters evaluated.
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Wodtke, Geoffrey T. "Regression-based Adjustment for Time-varying Confounders." Sociological Methods & Research 49, no. 4 (May 6, 2018): 906–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124118769087.
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Social scientists are often interested in estimating the marginal effects of a time-varying treatment on an end-of-study continuous outcome. With observational data, estimating these effects is complicated by the presence of time-varying confounders affected by prior treatments, which may lead to bias in conventional regression and matching estimators. In this situation, inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted (IPTW) estimation of a marginal structural model remains unbiased if treatment assignment is sequentially ignorable and the conditional probability of treatment is correctly modeled, but this method is not without limitations. In particular, it is difficult to use with continuous treatments, and it is relatively inefficient. This article explores using an alternative regression-based method—regression-with-residuals (RWR) estimation of a constrained structural nested mean model—that may overcome some of these limitations in practice. It is unbiased for the marginal effects of a time-varying treatment if treatment assignment is sequentially ignorable, the treatment effects of interest are invariant across levels of the confounders, and a model for the conditional mean of the outcome is correctly specified. The performance of RWR estimation relative to IPTW estimation is evaluated with a series of simulation experiments and with an empirical example based on longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Results indicate that it may outperform IPTW estimation in certain situations.
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Gefeller, O., and C. Rabe. "The Attributable Risk in a Multifactorial Situation." Methods of Information in Medicine 45, no. 04 (2006): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634095.
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Summary Objectives: Different approaches to partition the attributable risk into exposure-specific components are methodologically evaluated. Methods: Two methods of partitioning the attributable risk in a multifactorial situation have been suggested. One is based on a solution adopted from game theory, the Shapley value, whereas the other recently suggested approach uses a heuristically motivated proportional weighting scheme. These two concepts are reviewed and compared in a situation with three exposure factors. A hypothetical numerical example is discussed illustrating differences in the case of complex interaction structures. Results: The two methods are found to differ in two critical features that affect the outcome of partitioning: i) including or ignoring the full interaction structure between exposure factors involved in the partitioning, ii) using an equal or proportional weighting scheme for the marginal excess risks of the exposures. As a result, not only the individual partial attributable risks for the exposure factors may be quantitatively different between the methods, but also their ranking depends on the partitioning approach. Conclusions: The epidemiologic properties of the partitioning procedure based on the Shapley value are known and fit to the needs of epidemiologic applications. The alternative approach recently suggested can lead to considerably different results. As long as its epidemiologic properties are not fully understood, the traditional partitioning method should be given preference in practical applications.
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Banovec, Primož, and Polona Domadenik. "Defining Economic Level of Losses in Shadow: Identification of Parameters and Optimization Framework." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (August 7, 2018): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110599.
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Water losses are in focus of water supply management in last decades. Basic and widely accepted indicator is ILI Index, but is insufficient, when water resources are abundant, treatment costs low and energy consumption miniscule due to gravity. In such situation several authors introduced more detailed analysis defining “Economic Level of Leakage” (ELL) in short run. This analysis provides an insight into shadow market of leakages that is defined by marginal cost of water supplied on supply side and by marginal cost of repairs to mitigate water loss on demand side and provide empirical example based on real water supply system (WSS) data.
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Kolomiets, A. G. "Financing of Health Care in the Conditions of Pandemic Threats." Federalism, no. 3 (October 3, 2020): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2020-3-110-116.
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The author, using data of health care systems and COVID in the USA, Italy and other countries makes a conclusion that effective parrying of pandemic threats demands correction of a health care system and its financing. In particular, expansion of access for «marginal» social groups to services of out-patient and polyclinic institutions including non-payable services on a constant basis is necessary. Situation when involvement of the low-paid migrants who are actually excluded from regional health care systems allows to get excess profit for employers, creates for society not only additional expenses, but also risks of catastrophic development of epidemiological situations. Such employers are a kind of «free-riders» too expensive for society.
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Villar, Cristina Cunha, and Antonio Fernando Martorelli de Lima. "Smoking influences on the thickness of marginal gingival epithelium." Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira 17, no. 1 (March 2003): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-74912003000100008.
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Smoking patients show reduction of inflammatory clinical signs that might be associated with local vasoconstriction and an increased gingival epithelial thickness. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the thickness of the marginal gingival oral epithelium in smokers and non-smokers, with clinically healthy gingivae or with gingivitis. Twenty biopsies were obtained from four different groups. Group I: non-smokers with clinically healthy gingivae (n = 5). Group II: non-smokers with gingivitis (n = 5). Group III: smokers with clinically healthy gingivae (n = 5). Group IV: smokers with gingivitis (n = 5). These biopsies were histologically processed, serially sectioned at 5 mm, stained with H. E., and examined by image analysis software (KS400), which was used to perform the morphometric evaluation and the quantification of the major epithelial thickness, the epithelial base thickness and the external and internal epithelial perimeters. Differences between the four groups were analyzed using ANOVA test and Tukey's test. The criteria for statistical significance were accepted at the probability level p < 0.05. A greater epithelial thickness was observed in smokers independent of the gingival health situation.
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Vasconcellos, Diego Klee de, Marco Antonio Bottino, Renato Sussumu Nishioka, Luiz Felipe Valandro, and Elza Maria Valadares da Costa. "The influence of different screw tightening forces on the vertical misfit of implant-supported frameworks." Journal of Applied Oral Science 13, no. 2 (June 2005): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572005000200005.
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OBJECTIVES: The present in vitro study was designed to compare the differences in the vertical misfit of implant-supported frameworks using three different forces for tightening the bridge locking screws: fastening by hand until first resistance, and using torque drivers with 10 and 20Ncm. METHODS: The investigation was conducted based on the results given by 9 six-unit nickel-chromium (2 abutments/ 4 pontics) screw-retained implant-supported frameworks. The structures were exposed to simulated porcelain firings. The marginal misfit measurements were made using a traveling measuring microscope at selected screw tightening forces: fastening by hand until first resistance, and using torque drivers with 10 and 20Ncm. The results were submitted to one-way ANOVA with repeated measures on one factor, and post hoc pairwise comparisons using Tukey test (5%). RESULTS: The mean marginal misfit of the frameworks, fastening the screws by hand until first resistance, was 41.56µm (SD±12.45µm). The use of torque driver devices caused a significant reduction in marginal opening (p<0.05). With the lowest torque available (10Ncm), the mean marginal discrepancy at the abutment-framework interface was reduced an average of 52% to a mean marginal opening of 19.71µm (SD±2.97µm). After the use of the 20Ncm torque driver, the mean marginal discrepancy of the frameworks was reduced an average of 69% to a mean marginal opening of 12.82µm (SD±4.0µm). Comparing the use of torque drivers with 10 and 20 Ncm torque, the means are not significantly different from one another. CONCLUSION: The seating force has an important effect on the vertical misfit measurements, once it may considerably narrow the vertical misfit gaps at the abutment-framework interface, thus leading to a misjudgment of the real marginal situation.
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Baggio, Marianna, and Luigi Mittone. "Experience and History." International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 5, no. 4 (October 2016): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2016100101.
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The development and use of long-lived public goods involves more than one demographic generation, leaving the classic literature on voluntary provisions partially unfit to explain complex phenomena such as welfare systems, climate policies and major infrastructure projects. This paper proposes a model that explains how equilibrium is reached in a context where heterogeneity is linked to seniority and strategic interaction is finitely repeated. Within this model the case of intergeneration public goods production is explained using a redistribution rule that benefits the younger players, as a compensation for their inexperience. Experimental evidence shows that subjects who belong to low or middling marginal per capita return types are negatively affected by heterogeneity, whereas groups benefit from the presence of experienced subjects. More importantly, results show that becoming disadvantaged (lowering the marginal per capita return of individuals in time) has negative effects on the provision of public goods, if compared to a situation where the disadvantage is constant in time (same low marginal per capita return in time).
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Butti, Elena, and Brianne McGonigle Leyh. "Intersectionality and Transformative Reparations: The Case of Colombian Marginal Youths." International Criminal Law Review 19, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 753–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01906002.
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The town of San Carlos, highly affected by the Colombian conflict, is often presented as an example of a successful domestic reparations process. Yet not all victims agree with this assessment. A significant number of marginalised adolescents feel that their voices and realities are not reflected in the reparations programme provided by the 2011 Victims’ Law. While the programme promises to transform lives, it does little to change the lives of young people at the margins. This article compares and contrasts the legal framework on reparations for underaged victims with insights drawn from ethnographic research with these youths. The situation of these young people signals that transformative reparations are not working as they should. We argue that this failure is due to the mismatch between the conceptualisation of ‘vulnerable child-victims’ in the text of the law and these youths’ nuanced identities. Using intersectionality, we propose an alternative way forward.
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Bindini, Ugo, Luigi De Pascale, and Anna Kausamo. "On deterministic solutions for multi-marginal optimal transport with Coulomb cost." Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis 21, no. 4 (2022): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/cpaa.2022015.
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<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this paper we study the three-marginal optimal mass transportation problem for the Coulomb cost on the plane <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \mathbb R^2 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. The key question is the optimality of the so-called Seidl map, first disproved by Colombo and Stra. We generalize the partial positive result obtained by Colombo and Stra and give a necessary and sufficient condition for the radial Coulomb cost to coincide with a much simpler cost that corresponds to the situation where all three particles are aligned. Moreover, we produce an infinite class of regular counterexamples to the optimality of this family of maps.</p>
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Ghosh, AK, and MHK Sujan. "Mitigation of land scarcity situation through tenure practices: a study on two selected villages in Jashore district of Bangladesh." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 10, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v10i2.51590.
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Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries with immense pressure on agricultural land in rural areas. Mainstream of the rural households depend on either agriculture or its associated activities for their livelihood. However, rural land distribution is highly skewed, majority of them are landless. Under such a land scarce situation, farmers in rural areas have been gradually inclining towards land tenancy. Present study steered to explore the nature and volume of temporary land transaction through tenancy agreement in studied areas and to scrutinize its role in aligning land distribution. In 2017, a total of 166 farmers were randomly selected from two different villages in Jashore district for study. Result of the study administrated that land tenancy practice has been significantly mitigating land disparity among rural farmers. Study also explored that comparatively rich farmers are leaning towards tenant out land and most of these lands tenanted in by the landless and marginal farmers. Consequently, on an average landless farm could significantly increases their cultivable land from 0.01 acre to 0.98 acre compared to the marginal farm 0.31 to 0.73 acres. At the same time, cultivable land of medium farm has decreased as of 3.74 acres to 2.83 acres in studied villages.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 164-169, December 2020
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Andrey, Sychev. "Interpretation of Canons in the Discourse of Marginal Orthodoxy." TECHNOLOGOS, no. 1 (2022): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2022.1.07.
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Characteristics of the interpretation of the concept of "canon" in the marginal Orthodox discourse have been considered in the article. Marginal Orthodoxy is understood by the author as a set of ideas and practices characteristic of non-institutionalized movements and groups declaring their orthodoxy and accusing representatives of official Orthodoxy for the departure from tradition. The relevance of the study is stipulated by the need to establish an intra-confessional dialogue in a situation of increasing heterogeneity of Orthodoxy in Russia. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of the canons in the construction of the discourse of marginal Orthodoxy. To attain it the author reveals the features of marginal Orthodoxy discourse; compares the cases of appeal to canons in marginal and official discourses; outlines the specifics of understanding the canons in marginal Orthodoxy. The novelty of the work is conditioned by the examination of the religious space of modern Orthodoxy through the concepts of center and periphery and their relationship. Due to the insufficient theoretical development of the problem, the most resonant texts of its representatives of the first two decades of the 21st century (open letters, recordings of sermons, interviews, video speeches, journalistic articles, etc) served as the basic material for researching the discourse of marginal Orthodoxy. The official and marginal versions of Orthodoxy are considered in the article as competing discursive modes of truth production. Within the framework of the hermeneutic method, using content, discourse, and comparative analysis, the main characteristics of the discourse of marginal Orthodoxy are revealed. It is shown that the texts of marginal Orthodoxy appeal to the canons so often that in fact the entire discourse can be considered as a set of statements about the canonicity or non-canonicity of certain theories, actions and practices. The results of the study show that in marginal discourse the canon is interpreted as non-historical dogma and unconditional prohibition, which allows using it for discrediting official Orthodoxy and mobilizing supporters. The myth-making and ideological grounds of the appeal to the canons are revealed. It is proved that the concept of "canon" is organizing for the discourse of marginal Orthodoxy and without a detailed analysis of its use it is impossible to understand the specifics of this discourse.
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Meier, Ueli. "Die Rolle des Energieholzes in der Waldpolitik beider Basel (essay) | The role of firewood in the forest policy of both Basel (essay)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 158, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2007.0201.
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In the region of Basel, the intensive firewood production of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries led to a threatening situation for the forest. Therefore, the anticipated increase of forestry operations for the wood cogeneration plant Basel is controversial. In addition to concerns about the impact on natural scenery, there is also concern about the amount of sustainable wood available. An analysis of the current situation revealed that the use of wood for energy production plays a key role in the forestry policy of both Basel. This is because the existing public interests in the forest, which should lead to an increase of the firewood production, are only financially tolerable if the firewood production allows a marginal return. Such a marginal return is only realistic if there is also a market for less valuable wood products. Due to the wood cogeneration plant which will start operations in 2008, it can be expected that the previously side product firewood will become a main product. Overall, there are many reasons which support the idea that in both Basel the «Renaissance» of firewood as a source of energy will contribute significantly to a sustainable forest development.
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Elemek, Eser, Artun Urgancioglu, Janberd Dincer, and Altug Cilingir. "Does Implant-Abutment Interface affect Marginal Bone Levels around Implants?" European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 01 (February 2019): 047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688538.
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Abstract Objective The use of dental implants with different types of surface roughness and implant-abutment interface has brought about a situation of marginal bone loss. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare marginal bone levels of different types of osseointegrated dental implants with platform switch (Group A: Ankylos, Mannheim, Germany) and platform match (Group B: Dentsply Xive, Mannheim, Germany, and Group C: MIS Implant Technologies, Karmiel, Israel). Materials and Methods One hundred and seven patients (52 men and 55 women) with a mean age of 54.79 (standard deviation ± 12.35) years and a total of 321 dental implants (Group A, n = 198; Group B, n = 58; and Group C, n = 65) placed in a private practice between April 2006 and May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. In addition to demographic information and implant characteristics, marginal bone levels were evaluated by Image J (Wayne Rasband, National Institute of Health, Maryland) program. Results The mean age of all patients was 54.79 ± 12.35 years, and 51.5% of them were women. Implants supporting fixed bridge were most commonly used in all groups (65%), whereas only 20% were restored with a single crown and 15% with overdentures. In total, 47.5% of all implants showed no marginal bone loss. Mean bone loss in Group A was significantly lower (0.81 ± 1.60 mm) as compared to Group B (1.58 ± 1.59 mm) and Group C (1.18 ± 1.36) (p < 0.005). Conclusion Among different types of dental implants, platform switch seems to preserve marginal bone levels and increase the long-term success of dental implants.
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Ojha, Abin. "Is Pandemic a Class-Ridden? An Appraisal from New York City." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 7, no. 3 (October 4, 2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/535.
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“The virus does not see race, caste, class, gender, region, religion, language, and border.” This is a ubiquitous saying, but pandemics hit the vulnerable sections of the society the hardest, which has been proved many times in history. Today, this fact is verified again. Covid-19 attacks the poor and the marginalized sections of the community severely; these groups have had more infected and lost more lives than others. Why do diseases impact the poor and marginal sections of the community more than other groups? The template answer says that this— because of their ghettoized living conditions, lack of hygienic foods, and poor health conditions and medical facilities. This article tries to assess why the poor and working-class suffers more from such pandemics from a sociological lens. Various quantitative information and qualitative understandings have been apprised in the article to assess why the poor and working-class suffers more in such pandemics. Various newspaper articles and research work were reviewed to analyze facts and situations. This article reflected the situation of minorities amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic situation. The discussion and conclusion derived in the paper may not be generalized.
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Czibere, Ibolya, and Noémi Loncsák. "Hungarian Nationality Ethnic Minorities Living in Poverty and Social Exclusion in Ukraine." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Social Analysis 10, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aussoc-2020-0001.
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AbstractThe purpose of the article is to give an overall description of the situation of Hungarian minority households with children in Ukrainian villages. The region is a marginal area both economically and geographically, being in a peripheral position with little attention falling upon it and even less of the development sources. Furthermore, there is a lack of information on welfare benefits, and no direct statistical data are available on the characteristics of the social policy system.As for the total lack of prior statistics on poverty, this essay is meant to be exploratory to show the area’s poverty features, focusing on the children. By the use of combined data collection, including quantitative and qualitative techniques, we gained information by questionnaire surveys of about 253 children in 139 households. There were carried out 23 exploratory interviews as well. The core of our analysis is the specific labour market situation, the earning opportunities, and forms of employment that provide for livelihoods for the households with children. Besides the backwardness of the area studied in the research, the strategies and life situations that characterize the Transcarpathian Hungarians are also presented, which are beyond the known European forms of poverty.
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Saini, Rohit, Manjeet Kaur, Randeep Singh, Kashish Arora, Gurlal Singh, Gurleen Kaur, Sukhdeep Singh, Arshdeep Singh, and Dalbeer Singh. "Understanding Sustenance of Small Farm Holders: A Study of Income Inequality among Farm Households in Indian Punjab." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 13438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013438.
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The sustenance of marginal and small farm households is a pertinent question given that their number is on the rise in South-Asia. The study aims to assess their present socio-economic profile and the challenges faced in order to draw a roadmap of development for these underprivileged households. The study pertains to Indian Punjab and data from the Situation Assessment Survey of the 70th Round of NSSO are used. The concepts of economic surplus, occupational diversity, farm productivity and vertical and horizontal inequalities are used to achieve the objectives. This study reveals that marginal farm households faced food insecurity as they failed to meet consumption expenditure from the income earned. In fact, small farm households are left with an annual economic surplus of Rs 8890 per capita only, after meeting consumption needs. Income is unevenly distributed among farm households with a Gini coefficient of 0.48. The majority of the marginal and small farm households fall in lower-income quintiles and are occupationally more diversified than their larger counterparts. Horizontal inequalities are lower between the farm-size categories (0.14) than within farm-size categories (0.27). The Gini coefficient within each farm-size category is the highest among marginal farm households (0.50), followed by small farm households (0.45), highlighting their economic stress and tug-of-war survival. Further, the farm households belonging to socially lower castes falls only in the marginal farm-size category and represent the lowest income. Development must be sustainable and inclusive, hence, policies to develop marginal farmers’ centric farming systems and high value crops such as potato, cotton, sugarcane and oilseeds, providing high yielding livestock breeds, value addition through farmer-producer organizations, non-farm employment through MGNREGA, provision of institutional credit at subsidised rate of interest and quality health and education facilities in the public sector are recommended to uplift the affected households.
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Jackson, Miriam, and Barclay Kamb. "The marginal shear stress of Ice Stream B, West Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 43, no. 145 (1997): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000035000.
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AbstractTo ascertain whether the velocity of Ice Stream B, West Antarctica, may be controlled by the stresses in its marginal shear zones (the “Snake” and the “Dragon”), we undertook a determination of the marginal shear stress in the Dragon near Camp Up B by using ice itself as a stress meter. The observed marginal shear strain rate of 0.14 a−1is used to calculate the marginal shear stress from the flow law of ice determined by creep tests on ice cores from a depth of 300 m in the Dragon, obtained by using a hot-water ice-coring drill. The test-specimen orientation relative to the stress axes in the tests is chosen on the basis ofc-axis fabrics so that the test applies horizontal shear across vertical planes parallel to the margin. The resulting marginal shear stress is (2.2 ± 0.3) × 105Pa. This implies that 63–100% of the ice stream’s support against gravitational loading comes from the margins and only 37–0% from the base, so that the margins play an important role in controlling the ice-stream motion. The marginal shear-stress value is twice that given by the ice-stream model of Echelmeyer and others (1994) and the corresponding strain-rate enhancement factors differ greatly (E≈ 1–2 vs 10–12.5). This large discrepancy could be explained by recrystallization of the ice during or shortly after coring. Estimates of the expected recrystallization time-scale bracket the ∼1 h time-scale of coring and leave the likelihood of recrystallization uncertain. However, the observed two-maximum fabric type is not what is expected for annealing recrystallization from the sharp single-maximum fabric that would be expected in situ at the high shear strains involved (γ ∼ 20). Experimental data from Wilson (1982) suggest that, if the core did recrystallize, the prior fabric was a two-maximum fabric not substantially different from the observed one, which implies that the measured flow law and derived marginal shear stress are applicable to the in situ situation. These issues need to be resolved by further work to obtain a more definitive observational assessment of the marginal shear stress.
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Jackson, Miriam, and Barclay Kamb. "The marginal shear stress of Ice Stream B, West Antarctica." Journal of Glaciology 43, no. 145 (1997): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000035000.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTo ascertain whether the velocity of Ice Stream B, West Antarctica, may be controlled by the stresses in its marginal shear zones (the “Snake” and the “Dragon”), we undertook a determination of the marginal shear stress in the Dragon near Camp Up B by using ice itself as a stress meter. The observed marginal shear strain rate of 0.14 a−1is used to calculate the marginal shear stress from the flow law of ice determined by creep tests on ice cores from a depth of 300 m in the Dragon, obtained by using a hot-water ice-coring drill. The test-specimen orientation relative to the stress axes in the tests is chosen on the basis ofc-axis fabrics so that the test applies horizontal shear across vertical planes parallel to the margin. The resulting marginal shear stress is (2.2 ± 0.3) × 105Pa. This implies that 63–100% of the ice stream’s support against gravitational loading comes from the margins and only 37–0% from the base, so that the margins play an important role in controlling the ice-stream motion. The marginal shear-stress value is twice that given by the ice-stream model of Echelmeyer and others (1994) and the corresponding strain-rate enhancement factors differ greatly (E≈ 1–2 vs 10–12.5). This large discrepancy could be explained by recrystallization of the ice during or shortly after coring. Estimates of the expected recrystallization time-scale bracket the ∼1 h time-scale of coring and leave the likelihood of recrystallization uncertain. However, the observed two-maximum fabric type is not what is expected for annealing recrystallization from the sharp single-maximum fabric that would be expected in situ at the high shear strains involved (γ ∼ 20). Experimental data from Wilson (1982) suggest that, if the core did recrystallize, the prior fabric was a two-maximum fabric not substantially different from the observed one, which implies that the measured flow law and derived marginal shear stress are applicable to the in situ situation. These issues need to be resolved by further work to obtain a more definitive observational assessment of the marginal shear stress.
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Connolly, JE, JS Wrobel, and RF Anderson. "Primary closure of infected diabetic foot wounds. A report of closed instillation in 30 cases." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 90, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-90-4-175.
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Multiple surgical strategies are available for managing the infected diabetic foot at risk for amputation. The authors present their experience with the closed instillation system in the management of 30 such cases in 29 patients over a 5-year period. Data were collected from the hospital records of neuropathic patients presenting with deep-plantar-space infections or presumed acute osteomyelitis. All 29 patients were male; 57% had marginal or poor vascular supply, and 83% were nutritionally compromised or had proteinuria. At the conclusion of the study, 34% of the patients were dead, reflecting the severity of comorbid conditions found in this population. Despite the marginal healing capacity of these patients, the procedure had a 90% success rate, as defined by expeditious return to prior level of functioning and residential living situation without need for re-operation or higher-level amputation.
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Mao, Tiantian, Qi Zhao, and Qinyu Wu. "Worst-case conditional value-at-risk and conditional expected shortfall based on covariance information." JUSTC 52, no. 5 (2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.52396/justc-2022-0023.
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In this paper, we study the worst-case conditional value-at-risk (CoVaR) and conditional expected shortfall (CoES) in a situation where only partial information on the underlying probability distribution is available. In the case of the first two marginal moments are known, the closed-form solution and the value of the worst-case CoVaR and CoES are derived. The worst-case CoVaR and CoES under mean and covariance information are also investigated.
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Grube, Klemens. "Zwischen Heteronomie und Autonomie." Zeitschrift für das gesamte Genossenschaftswesen 67, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfgg-2017-0011.
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AbstractNowadays, cooperative banks in Estonia and Latvia are a marginal phenomenon. During the both countries’ first autonomy and before, they figured prominently and were fixed firmly in all classes of population. There were three development phases. We conclude that genesis, prosperity and demise of cooperative banks are linked closely to the political and economic situation of the respective country. The development proceeded similarly in both countries, however the Latvian institutions performed more effectively.
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Eggenhofer, Elke, Anja Groell, Henrik Junger, Amoon Kasi, Alexander Kroemer, Edward K. Geissler, Hans J. Schlitt, and Marcus N. Scherer. "Steatotic Livers Are More Susceptible to Ischemia Reperfusion Damage after Transplantation and Show Increased γδ T Cell Infiltration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 2036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042036.
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Liver transplantation (LTx) is often the only possible therapy for many end-stage liver diseases, but successful long-term transplant outcomes are limited by multiple factors, including ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). This situation is aggravated by a shortage of transplantable organs, thus encouraging the use of inferior quality organs. Here, we have investigated early hepatic IRI in a retrospective, exploratory, monocentric case-control study considering organ marginality. We analyzed standard LTx biopsies from 46 patients taken at the end of cold organ preparation and two hours after reperfusion, and we showed that early IRI was present after two hours in 63% of cases. Looking at our data in general, in accordance with Eurotransplant criteria, a marginal transplant was allocated at our institution in about 54% of cases. We found that patients with a marginal-organ LTx showing evidence of IRI had a significantly worse one-year survival rate (51% vs. 75%). As we saw in our study cohort, the marginality of these livers was almost entirely due to steatosis. In contrast, survival rates in patients receiving a non-marginal transplant were not influenced by the presence or absence of IRI. Poorer outcomes in marginal organs prompted us to examine pre- and post-reperfusion biopsies, and it was revealed that transplants with IRI demonstrated significantly greater T cell infiltration. Molecular analyses showed that higher mRNA expression levels of CXCL-1, CD3 and TCRγ locus genes were found in IRI livers. We therefore conclude that the marginality of an organ, namely steatosis, exacerbates early IRI by enhancing effector immune cell infiltration. Preemptive strategies targeting immune pathways could increase the safety of using marginal organs for LTx.
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Prilutskii, A. M. "The Concept of “Eschatological War” in the Modern Marginal Prophetic Discourse." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 40 (2022): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2022.40.105.
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This article is devoted to the analysis of the significance of the concept of eschatological war for the development of modern prophetic discourse, which is popular in marginal Orthodox communities. Under the discourse of marginal prophetics, the author understands a set of religious texts that set out various prophecies and predictions, often of an anonymous or pseudonymous nature, popular among sectarian Orthodox movements. In the course of the study, the main hermeneutical patterns of explaining the purpose of the eschatological war were revealed. 1 War as a way of physical destruction of a significant part of the population of the Earth. 2 War as a way of the accession of the Antichrist. 3 War as a way to save the elect. 4 War as a condition for the accession of the Russian Orthodox Tsar. All these patterns are analyzed in the article from the point of view of pragmatics and semantics. Further, the article lists the main types of configuration of military relations and makes the assumption that their formation was influenced by the changing geopolitical situation and numerous subjective factors. The main signs of eschatological war are investigated: brevity, worldwide character and special destructiveness.
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Sujatmoko, S., Yehuda Indra Gunawan, and Andri Andri. "Spiritualitas Kristen sebagai Dasar Implementasi HAM bagi Kaum Marginal." PROSIDING PELITA BANGSA 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.30995/ppb.v1i2.514.
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Cases of violence and discrimination against marginalized people are a condition that still often occurs in our society. In this situation, the role of spirituality becomes something fundamental in helping this social challenge, as well as with Christian spirituality, how Christians can apply human rights in this issue. The discussion in this article uses qualitative research with a literature review approach. The results of the study show that mature Christian spirituality through the source, namely the Lord Jesus, is manifested by the work of the Holy Spirit to be able to understand and interpret every teaching of God's Word, then it is applied in behavior and actions. The values of Christian spirituality in respecting God, respect for others, justice and love are the basic human rights for church members against the marginalized. Christian spirituality must touch the church, family, and school segments to continue to form church members so that they have mature Christian spirituality so that they are able to apply it to the marginalized. AbstrakKasus kekerasan dan diskriminasi kepada kaum marginal merupakan sebuah keadaan yang masih kerap terjadi di masyarakat kita. Dalam situasi ini, peran spiritulaitas menjadi sesuatu yang fundamental dalam membantu tantangan sosial ini, demikian juga dengan spiritualitas orang Kristen, bagaimana orang Kristen dapat mengaplikasikan HAM dalam persoalan itu. Pembahasan dalam artikel ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka atau literture review. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa spiritualitas Kristen yang matang melalui sumber yaitu Tuhan Yesus yang diwujudkan dengan karya Roh Kudus untuk dapat memahami dan menginterpretasikan setiap penagaja- ran Firman Tuhan, kemudian di aplikasikan dalam perilaku dan tindakan. Nilai spiritualitas Kristen dalam menghargai Allah, menghargai sesama, keadilan dan kasih menjadi dasar HAM bagi warga gereja terhadap kaum marginal. Spiritualitas Kristen harus menyentuh segmen gereja, keluarga dan sekolah untuk terus membentuk warga gereja supaya memiliki spiritualitas Kristen yang matang sehingga mampu mengaplikasikannya kepada kaum marginal.
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Mondal, Tandra, and Pranab Kumar Nag. "HUMAN ENERGY UTILIZATION AND EFFECTIVENESS IN SMALL AND MARGINAL FARM HOLDINGS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i11.2018.1114.
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In India, small and marginal farmers have emerged as a distinct and dominant category. While farm mechanization represents a rapid transformation from traditional to modern methods of farming, it is not uniform across the crops and regions. The level of mechanization, however, remains scattered due to the compulsiveness to the situation dominated by the economic layout of farm holdings, land size, and large-scale deprivation of access to the technology suitable to small holdings. This present contribution elucidates the extent of use tools and machinery among the rice farmers of the state of Wes Bengal, India. Analysis revealed that the total number of man-days involved in paddy cultivation was 120-140 per ha, i.e., 900-1000 man-hours depending upon the availability of labour, tools, and machinery used for the individual operation. Analysis of farm work in small and marginal holdings evolved that over 90% of the total number of farmers use either tractor or power tiller for land preparation. Use of the animal-drawn country plough is gradually phased out in the study regions. For sowing and transplanting operations are primarily manual methods using hand tools. The study provided an insight of the issues of work methods and practices of the farmworkers in small and marginal farm holdings.
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Zahra, Kanwal, and Muhammad Abou Bakar. "Fanon's Socio-Diagnostic and Neurosis of the Colonized: The Colonial Trauma in ‘Twilight in Delhi'." Global Regional Review II, no. I (December 30, 2017): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(ii-i).35.
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The present study is focused on the marginal position of the Muslims in the Indian Subcontinent and its effects on the structuring of their psyche in Ali’s novel Twilight in Delhi. Its main concern is the analysis of neurotic behaviors of the main characters of Twilight in Delhi in the light of Fanon’s re-interpretation of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis. The central argument of this study is that psychological problems of Muslims in a colonial situation, as shown in the novel under discussion, are not natural, but are consequences of conditions that are linked to their social and economic circumstances. Their psychological behavior shows the effects of their socioeconomic environment created by the colonizer. It is not inherently structured without being influenced by the conditions of the outer world that originates from the colonial suppression and occupation. The research is informed by Fanon’s re-interpretation of the theory of psychoanalysis in which he proposes that the psychological disorders in the outcasts or marginal in a colonial situation are effects of the social order which they find to live in. This research tends to analyze how Twilight in Delhi takes up the issue of Muslim’s marginality that results in psychological disorders. Moreover, it focuses on the circumstances or conditions, foregrounded in the novel, that lead to the psychological problems of Muslims in Twilight in Delhi
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Simonelli, Marco Antonio. "“…And Justice for All?” The right to an independent tribunal after the ruling of the Court of Justice in LM." New Journal of European Criminal Law 10, no. 4 (September 22, 2019): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2032284419877099.
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The article assesses the extent of protection of the right to an independent tribunal in the European Arrest Warrant mechanism. It focuses on the ruling of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in Minister for Justice and Equality v. LM (C-216/18 PPU) and its first national applications. Its main claim is that, by imposing on national judges to carry out an individual assessment of the requested person’s situation, the ‘LM test’ has rendered nugatory the right to an independent judge. As the first national applications are indeed showing, a violation of this right, considered as such, is not sufficient to halt the surrender. However, the High Court for England and Wales, according protection to the right to an independent tribunal at least in marginal situations, that is, in presence of a political interest in the prosecution or punishment, managed to faithfully interpreted the ECJ’s judgment.
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Tymoshenko, V. I. "Role of society marginalization in spreading crime." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 66 (November 29, 2021): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.66.34.
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The relevance of a problem of marginalization for the current state of crisis in Ukraine is considered in the article. Such social phenomena as violation of the principle of equality, sharp social delimitation, unemployment, inflation, corruption, poverty are the determining factors nowadays; they contribute to the marginalization of society. The special type of the personality with a crisis or catastrophic consciousness has already formed.
The origin of the term "marginal man" is studied. The essence of marginalization and its causes, among which the main place is taken by transformational processes in society, which are always accompanied by an increase of negative phenomena in the spheres of economy, politics and spiritual life is characterized. In particular, marginalization of society promotes the imposition of Western values, which are not always acceptable to the mentality of Ukrainians. It leads to the alienation of citizens, their apathy and cynicism, mistrust of power. Such factors as the poorly thought-out national and migration policy of the state, the expansion of cultural ties between peoples, the availability of information through the Internet can contribute to the formation of the phenomenon of marginal person.
Migrants, unattended minors, persons engaged in vagrancy or begging, persons without a definite place of residence, persons who do not have a permanent place of employment, prisoners, persons who were convicted, sentenced, released from prison and did not try to make some lifestyle changes, persons involved in prostitution, chronic alcoholics, drug addicts; toxicants and others belong to the category of people who have the marginal lifestyle.
A characteristic feature of the marginal personality is legal nihilism. A typical form of manifestation of the legal nihilism of marginalized groups can be called a deliberate violation of current legal acts, massive non-compliance with legal requirements. The lack of norms generates a total criminalization of social relations. It is grounded that the marginal situation can be a serious crime-causing factor. Marginal persons are often the victims of various crimes or criminals. The marginal lifestyle usually precedes the commission of crimes, and the deepening and spreading of marginalization processes negatively affects the quantitative and qualitative state of crime.
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Brown, J., Probir Das, and Mohammad Al-Saidi. "Sustainable Agriculture in the Arabian/Persian Gulf Region Utilizing Marginal Water Resources: Making the Best of a Bad Situation." Sustainability 10, no. 5 (April 27, 2018): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10051364.
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Knöchelmann, Anja, Nico Seifert, Sebastian Günther, Irene Moor, and Matthias Richter. "Income and housing satisfaction and their association with self-rated health in different life stages. A fixed effects analysis using a German panel study." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e034294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034294.
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ObjectiveWe aim to investigate the effect of income and housing satisfaction on self-rated health in different life stages.DesignA population-based panel study (German Socio-Economic Panel).ParticipantsThe final sample consisted of 384 280 observations from 50 004 persons covering the period between 1994 and 2016.Outcome measuresAverage marginal effects were calculated based on fixed effects regressions to obtain the effect of changes in income and housing satisfaction on changes in self-rated health for each year of age. Self-rated health was assessed on a 5-point scale, with higher values indicating better health.ResultsChanges in income and housing satisfaction showed a small association with changes in self-rated health. The association was stronger for income, where it also varied considerably in different life stages. The average marginal effects for income satisfaction varied between 0.02 and 0.05 in men and 0.02 and 0.04 in women and peaked between the ages of 55–60. For housing satisfaction, average marginal effects ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 (men) and from 0.02 to 0.03 (women).ConclusionHigher satisfaction with housing and income was associated with better self-rated health. Therefore, studies on the social determinants of health should not only focus on objective material conditions but also on how individuals perceive and evaluate their situation.
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Mineshige, S. "Disk-Instability Model for Outbursts of Dwarf Novae: Fine Mesh Calculations." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 93 (1987): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100105056.
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AbstractWe have executed fine mesh calculations which can almost fully resolve the transition front in the accretion disk of dwarf novae. Results show that the effects of thermal diffusion become very important only when the heating wave passes by. But it is unlikely that they cause drastic changes’ in the situation of wave propagation. The validity of the localized front approximation is examined. It is found that this approximation is relatively good for heating waves but it is marginal for cooling waves.
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Saporito, Emanuela. "Mexico City. The marginal communities: social and ethnic segregation of the native population." TERRITORIO, no. 57 (June 2011): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2011-057004.
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The article focuses on persistent ethnic and social problems in Mexico City's indigenous communities. While the city is considered one of the most ethnically mixed and cosmopolitan in the world, its indigenous communities are marginalised and suffer the consequences of a discrimination and exclusion process that began during the colonial period. It can actually be said that because of ingrained cultural bias and conditions of extreme poverty, Mexico City's indigenous population lives in a situation of ‘urban marginality' (Wacquant, 2008). The first part describes the historical roots of these ethnic minorities and describes the migration from rural areas to the metropolis. The second part explores the question of marginality, analysing data for the labour market, education and accessibility to services urban indigenous communities, with the aim of understanding whether an integration process has been triggered in recent decades. The third part examines how the government and other institutions are dealing with this problem and proposals for integration policies.
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Liyanti, Lisda, and Saskia Nabila. "KOHESI SELF-ESTEEM DAN KEMAMPUAN RESILIENSI ANAK MARGINAL DALAM ROMAN PÜNKTCHEN UND ANTON." LEKSEMA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v4i2.1781.
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Germany nowadays is known as one of the most robust economies in Europe. Yet, at the beginning of 20th Century Germany, poverty became a severe problem that caused a social and cultural impact on the children. Positive self-esteem and resiliency in children were needed to cope with the situation. The roman titled Pünktchen und Anton, written in 1931 by Erich Kästner, describes the children’s life in Berlin dealt with the poverty problem. This research aims to see how self-esteem and resiliency in children described as a life tool for the first figure (Anton) who classified as an adversity child in the novel. This question is answered by using descriptive qualitative method and self-esteem theory by Nathaniel Branden. The result shows there is advocacy in describing a marginalized Anton to become a hero thank to his positive self-esteem (self-efficacy and self-respect). His positive self-esteem builts him to be resilient.
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Pathak, Pallavi, Tapan Gope, and Nadine Bader. "Effect of COVID-19 on public distribution system in India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202508.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the whole world to face an economic crisis and hence putting people even more at risk of food insecurity; supply chain setup has been disrupted severely due to numerous transport restrictions. There is a need for various components of government machinery to work in complete synergy for aligning services, making provision for supplies and arranging means of delivery to the citizens. This review gives an understanding about the food security situation in India, problem faced by the citizens, in particular the poor and vulnerable population, small and marginal farmers during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also analyses the steps taken by the government of India to address the food security challenges during COVID-19. We have discussed the importance of macrolevel thinking and various measures that can be taken to strengthen public distribution system in India. We have also discussed policies to support the small and marginal farmers, wage laborers, and migrant workers.
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S Prasad, Krishna, and AJ Manju. "A Feminist Study of Manju Kapur’s A Married Woman." Shanlax International Journal of English 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v8i1.1267.
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Postmodern tendencies have been reflected in Indian writing in English over the past few years. This paves way for the creation of new socio-cultural and political situation and circumstances that pushes the marginal or the extreme marginal to the centre stage. Feminism as it is an accompanying issue of postmodernism is the product of such a sensibility. The novel A Married Women is heavily plotted. It traces the life of Astha from her young adulthood through her early middle years. In the process she dates with a couple of young men of her own choice like her western counter parts, marries a man of her parents " choice and discovers the joys of intimacy with her husband, begets children, yet grows distant from him, and struggles to become a painter. She reflects the middle class values and seems to enjoy her mental bliss for a long time but gradually experiences that there is something certainly lacking in her life.