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1
Flood, Robert P. Estimating the expected marginal rate of substitution: Exploiting idiosyncratic risk. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.
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2
Flood, Robert P. Estimating the expected marginal rate of substitution: Exploiting idiosyncratic risk. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.
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3
Kimball, Miles S. Precautionary saving and the marginal propensity to consume. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990.
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4
Kaplow, Louis. The value of a statistical life and the coefficient of relative risk aversions. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.
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5
India. Central Pollution Control Board. Computation of societal risk abatement cost and long run marginal financial cost with regard to dioxin and furan emission standards for common hazardous waste incinerator. Delhi: Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India, 2011.
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6
The rise of the marginal utility school, 1870-1889. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.
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7
Statham, Anne. The rise of marginal voices: Gender balance in the workplace. Lanham: University Press of America, 1996.
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8
Adjusting margin and risk: Tips and tricks to reduce margin requirements and alleviate margin calls. Upper Saddle River, N.J: FTPress Delivers, 2010.
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9
Business Risk Mitigation and Price Stabilization Act of 2011: Report (to accompany H.R. 2682) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.
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10
Aiyagari, S. Rao. "Overreaction" of asset prices in general equilibrium. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.
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11
The Rise of Christianity: How the obscure, marginal Jesus movement became the dominant religious force in the Western world in a few centuries. [San Francisco, Calif.]: HarperSanFrancisco, 1997.
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12
Carroll, Chris. 'Risky habits' and the marginal propensity to consume out of permanent income, or, How much would a permanent tax cut boost Japanese consumption? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
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13
Yonek, Mary Malmberg. Attributions of tracked, at-risk, middle school students: Isolation of alienated and marginal students and implications for school organization. 1992.
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14
Back, Kerry E. Real Options and q Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0020.
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The theory of perpetual options and dynamic programming are applied to analyze the optimal capital investment of a firm. When investment is continuous and capital is the numeraire, the marginal value of capital is called marginal q. The optimal investment rate is a function of marginal q. When investment is irreversible and there is no depreciation, the optimal time to make each marginal investment is given by the theory of perpetual options. The optimal invesment times can also be calculated by dynamic programming. Fluctuations in marginal q add risk to a firm, compared to reversible investment. The Berk‐Green‐Naik model is an example of a model that relates risk and expected return to size and book‐to‐market by endogenizing investment.
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The Rise of Marginal Voices. University Press of America, 2002.
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16
Jappelli, Tullio, and Luigi Pistaferri. The Certainty Equivalence Model. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0004.
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The model known as “certainty equivalence” is obtained when the marginal utility of consumption is linear. This approach allows a closed-form solution for consumption even with uncertainty, but the model also has a number of unrealistic features, notably the postulates that consumers do not respond to increases in risk and that preferences are characterized by increasing risk aversion and the existence of a “bliss point” in consumption. In the first part of the chapter we derive the Euler equation for consumption under uncertainty. We then study optimal consumption decisions with linear marginal utility and discuss the model’s implications for saving and for consumption inequality.
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Back, Kerry E. Representative Investors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0007.
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There is a representative investor at any Pareto optimal competitive equilibrium. If investors have linear risk tolerance with the same cautiousness parameter, then there is a representative investor with the same utility function. When there is a representative investor, there is a factor model with the representative investor’s marginal utility of consumption as the factor. If the representative investor has constant relative risk aversion, then the risk‐free return and log equity premium can be calculated in terms of moments of aggregate consumption. The equity premium and risk‐free rate puzzles are explained. The coskewness‐cokurtosis pricing model and the Rubinstein option pricing model are derived.
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Ellis, Jason A., and E. Sander Connolly. Vascular Biology of Cerebral Ischemia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0107.
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Carotid stenosis may be treated by carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS). Moderate asymptomatic carotid stenosis (50%-70%) is associated with a low risk of ischemic stroke and does not warrant treatment. The severe stenosis (>70%) population sees a marginal benefit in seen with CEA. In the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study, authors concluded that for patients with less than 60% stenosis, a 5.9% absolute risk reduction was obtained over 5 years with CEA compared with maximum medical management (11 vs. 5.1%).
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Doherty, Michael. Osteoarthritis. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0266.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder of synovial joints and is characterized by the combination of focal hyaline cartilage loss and accompanying subchondral bone remodelling and marginal new bone formation (osteophyte). It has genetic, constitutional, and environmental risk factors and presents a spectrum of clinical phenotypes and outcomes. OA commonly affects just one region (e.g. knee OA, hip OA). However, multiple hand interphalangeal joint OA, usually accompanied by posterolateral firm swellings (nodes), is a marker for a tendency towards polyarticular ‘generalized nodal OA’.
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Back, Kerry E. Alternative Preferences. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0025.
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The Allais and Ellsberg paradoxes are presented. Various generalizations of expected utility motivated by these and other paradoxes are discussed, including betweenness preferences, rank‐dependent preferences, multiple prior max‐min preferences, and prospect theory. For betweenness preferences, which include weighted utility and disappointment aversion, an investor’s marginal utility is proportional to a stochastic discount factor. Disappointment averse utility and rank‐dependent utility have first‐order risk aversion. Multiple prior max‐min utility is one way to accomodate the Ellsberg paradox (ambiguity aversion or Knightian uncertainty). The dynamic consistency of updating multiple priors is discussed.
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Back, Kerry E. Stochastic Discount Factors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0003.
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SDFs are defined. The first order condition for portfolio choice is interpreted as: an investor’s marginal rate of substitution is an SDF. There is a strictly positive SDF if and only if there are no arbitrage opportunities, and there is some SDF if and only if the law of one price holds. There is a unique SDF if and only if the market is complete. Orthogonal projections are defined. There is a unique SDF in the span of the assets, and it equals the projection of any SDF onto the span of the assets. The Hansen‐Jagannathan bounds are derived. Orthogonal projections are used to show how an investor with quadratic utility hedges labor income risk.
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Back, Kerry E. Dynamic Portfolio Choice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0009.
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The first‐order condition for optimal portfolio choice is called the Euler equation. Optimal consumption can be computed by a static approach in a dynamic complete market and by orthogonal projection for a quadratic utility investor. Dynamic programming and the Bellman equation are explained. The envelope condition and hedging demands are explained. Investors with CRRA utility have CRRA value functions. Whether the marginal value of wealth is higher for a CRRA investor in good states or in bad states depends on whether risk aversion is less than or greater than 1. With IID returns, the optimal portfolio for a CRRA investor is the same as the optimal portfolio in a single‐period model.
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Fiordelisi, Franco, Corrado Meglio, Carlo Palego, Annalissa Richetto, Artem Danko, Maurizio Vallino, Pasqualina Porretta, Lorenzo Bocchi, Carlo Toffano, and Andrea Favretti. Pricing and risk adjusted measures. AIFIRM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2016ppa00027.
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The issue of risk-based pricing of credit loans has become crucial for banking companies, in a context characterized by severe restriction of profitability margins also in relation to a level of market interest rates which in the Euro area is at its lowest. historical, now firmly in the negative area. The same European Authorities urge the adoption of adequate and consistent adjusted pricing frameworks with respect to the business model, risk profile and overall risk governance of the bank. The methodological and organizational process for determining the risk-adjusted pricing is further complicated by the ongoing Covid19 pandemic which, through the highly asymmetrical impacts on customer segments and industrial sectors, makes the forward-looking and macroeconomic assessment of the sectors risk even more relevant.
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Veatch, Robert M., Amy Haddad, and E. J. Last. Health Insurance, Health System Planning, and Rationing. Edited by Robert M. Veatch, Amy Haddad, and E. J. Last. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190277000.003.0015.
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This chapter begins with a description of the various reasons for the accelerating costs of prescription drugs in the United States. It then discusses benefits and burdens of drug therapy within public and private insurance programs. Insurance risk pooling is examined in light of the requirement in the Affordable Care Act to buy health insurance and the consequences when people decide not to buy insurance. Disagreements between the personal beliefs of the owners of a privately held company and the Affordable Care Act’s requirement to cover contraceptives through employee insurance plans are discussed. The chapter also addresses co-pay coupons that encourage patients to ask for expensive, brand-name drugs and the increasing costs of specialty or biotechnology pharmaceuticals, highlighting the problems insurers face in their efforts to manage costs. Finally, the common problems of high-cost drugs that have marginal impact and off-label uses of drugs are examined.
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Steger, Ulrich. Future Perspectives of Corporate Social Responsibility. Edited by Andrew Crane, Dirk Matten, Abagail McWilliams, Jeremy Moon, and Donald S. Siegel. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0027.
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This contribution not only tries to place the current debate in the context of developments over the last twenty-five years, but also exhorts academics to design less ‘holistic’ concepts (which easily degenerate into propaganda used in political debate), to contribute to transparency by providing sober empirical evidence, and to express more appreciation for marginal yet continuous incremental improvements in the business world. The public rhetoric about corporate social responsibility has not had any significant effect on everyday life in the corporate sector, nor has the wealth of currently available academic research and suggestions. To put it in a nutshell: even for the most risk-exposed companies or industries, everything beyond the (hard-) core business is of secondary importance. Any empirical evidence is only a snapshot of the status quo. Identifying drivers for change and emerging trends is a more compelling challenge than simply describing the current state of affairs.
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Geotechnical characterization and mass-movement potential of the United States North Atlantic continental slope and rise. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.
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27
Simonett, Helena. From Old World to New Shores. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037207.003.0002.
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This chapter presents a brief history of the accordion, from its experimental beginning in the early nineteenth century to its phenomenal rise as a truly global commodity, emphasizing the social predicament that relegated this instrument to a marginal position within the (educated) musical world. While the accordion at first was an expensive and hence exclusive instrument in upper-class drawing rooms, by the last quarter of the nineteenth century it had spread to the middle and working classes. The accordion of the nineteenth century was a symbol of progress and modernity as well as of mass culture and industrialization. This dichotomy is one of the reasons for the elite's ambivalence towards and uneasiness with the accordion.
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Marks, Peter. Literature of the 1990s. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474411592.001.0001.
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Placing literary creativity within a changing cultural and political context that saw the end of Margaret Thatcher and rise of New Labour, this book offers fresh interpretations of mainstream and marginal works from all parts of Britain. Based on a framework of thematically-structured accounts, the individual chapters cover national identity, ethnicity, sexuality, class, celebrity culture, history and fantasy in literature from Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and England. It offers its readers a comprehensive view of the changing and challenging literary landscape in this period, critically examining the fiction, poetry and drama as well as representative films, art and music. Placed within the broader context of a transformative political and cultural environment that included Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair, Damian Hirst and Princess Diana, the book captures the energetic and sometimes provocative experimentation that typified the final decade of the twentieth century.
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Shea, C. Michael. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802563.003.0009.
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The conclusion reassesses the early impact of Newman’s theory of development. Contrary to studies of the last several decades, Newman’s theory was not marginal to nineteenth-century Roman Catholic thought; it played a role in the Church’s attempts to come to terms with history as a field of theological inquiry. The conclusion also offers an account of doctrinal development’s subsequent fall into obscurity. As Newman’s theory reached the pinnacle of influence in the decade after his conversion, a new movement in theology, Neoscholasticism, began to expand among Roman Catholics. Neoscholasticism was, in part, a reaction to political events that punctuated the nineteenth century, and the movement was less amenable than the Roman School to the idea of development. It was in large measure the rise of this movement, and the lack of sensitivity to these events in twentieth-century scholarship, which obscured the early significance of Newman’s theory.
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Seymour, Nicole. “It’s Just Not Turning Up”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037627.003.0003.
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This chapter turns to American suburbia, where we meet a white housewife suffering from an ambiguous illness in the 1995 film, Safe. While many critics read the film as an AIDS allegory, the chapter argues that it also tells a story about environmental injustice: its queer filmic techniques draw our attention away from our privileged protagonist to the film's literally and figuratively marginal figures and the disproportionately large envirohealth risks they face. The film thereby interrogates how we recognize suffering, and how certain types of suffering are framed as “natural” and, therefore, not worthy of public attention. Furthermore, this chapter explains the ideological paradigms prevalent during the time of the film's setting, and illustrates the methods by which Safe works against these ideologies. Finally, this chapter indicates how environmental concerns obtain even, or perhaps especially, in spaces construed as refuges from the environment, such as the suburban home.
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Sager, Jalel. National Energy Signatures. Edited by Debra J. Davidson and Matthias Gross. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190633851.013.4.
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Fossil fuels and their high yield of available energy regulate the global economy and structure its hierarchy of nations. When a “pulse” of energy—over months, years, decades, or centuries—enters the global industrial system, overshoot dynamics are often observed. The system enters a new mode of production, with new technical combinations. Once it does, it is extremely difficult to return to the old infrastructure, even though the energy resource that provided the pulse likely will yield less over the years (the US and its highway system provide one example of an infrastructural system conceived in a higher-yielding environment, the US oil boom of the early twentieth century). As the energy surplus, or marginal resource return, begins to diminish, output declines, slowing the rise of powerful nations, and transferring growth elsewhere. The effects of declining returns often show up in the monetary system.
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Curcio, Domenico, and Igor Gianfrancesco. Risposta alle consultazioni EBA sul rischio di tasso di interesse del portafoglio bancario. AIFIRM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2016ppa00034.
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Il 2 dicembre 2021 sono stati pubblicati dall'EBA tre documenti di consultazione in tema di rischio di tasso di interesse del portafoglio bancario, in attuazione dei mandati contenuti nella CRD5. In particolare: - EBA/CP/2021/36 introduce Regulatory Technical Standards che riguardano l’implementazione del Supervisory Outlier Test (SOT) relativo sia all’approccio del valore economico che del margine di interesse; - EBA/CP/2021/37 aggiorna le linee guida EBA vigenti in materia di rischio di tasso di interesse del portafoglio bancario e introduce specifici criteri per la valutazione e il monitoraggio del Credit Spread Risk from the Banking Book (CSRBB); - EBA/CP/2021/38 introduce Regulatory Technical Standards che disciplinano nel dettaglio la metodologia standardizzata e la metodologia semplificata per gli enti non complessi relative sia all’approccio del valore economico che all’approccio del margine di interesse. AIFIRM ha deciso di rispondere alla consultazione EBA riaprendo i lavori della Commissione che aveva già predisposto a febbraio 2021 il Position Paper n. 25 denominato “Rischio di Tasso di Interesse del Portafoglio Bancario (IRRBB): evoluzione normativa ed implicazioni gestionali”. La Commissione ha redatto i tre documenti riportati di seguito che sono stati validati dal Consiglio e dal Comitato Tecnico Scientifico il 30 marzo 2022 ed inviati all’EBA il 2 aprile 2022.
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Holmes, Craig. The Individual Benefits of Investing in Skills. Edited by John Buchanan, David Finegold, Ken Mayhew, and Chris Warhurst. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.013.17.
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This chapter considers returns to the individual from investing in skill. It describes the earnings and employment outcomes of people who have completed different levels of formal education across different countries, and goes on to consider the possible causal mechanisms at work. The methodology for estimating wage returns is critically discussed. Whilst much attention has been devoted to considering ability bias, other issues have received less attention. In particular qualifications or amounts of time spent studying are imperfect proxies for skills produced. Furthermore estimates from wage regressions are almost invariably interpreted through the lens of human capital theory -- the existence of a wage premium indicates that the productivity has increased due to the educational investment. Alternative interpretations are considered. These include the possibility that the premium represents a reward for obtaining a job on a fixed distribution of jobs -- in other words winning a positional competition race. Such possibilities raise several concerns. These include under-utilisation, both of general skills and of skills acquired through work-based training programmes, low marginal returns relative to average returns, and a widening and more risky distribution of payoffs.
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Slez, Adam. The Making of the Populist Movement. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190090500.001.0001.
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This book provides a field theoretic account of the origins of electoral populism, which first emerged in the American state of South Dakota in 1890, at the height of what was known as the Populist movement. Lasting from roughly 1877 to 1896, the movement brought together farmers throughout the agrarian periphery in an effort to combat material hardship at the hands of railroads and banks. The book argues that the rise of electoral populism in the American West was a strategic response to a political field in which the configuration of positions was literally locked in place, precluding the success of new contenders or otherwise marginal actors. This argument is developed in two parts. The first part of the book examines the transformation of physical space resulting from the simultaneous expansion of both state and market. Together, these two processes contributed to the stability of the political field, where the struggle for power was synonymous with a struggle for position in an emerging urban hierarchy. The second part of the book examines the subsequent push for market regulation and the rise of the Populist movement in southern Dakota. Unable to make headway through social movement organizations such the Farmers’ Alliance and administrative agencies such as the Dakota Territory Board of Railroad Commissioners, farmers in southern Dakota looked to third-party alternatives as means of affecting change. The result was the People’s Party which, for a brief period between 1892 and 1896, threatened to destroy the prevailing party system.
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Östensson, Olle, and Anton Löf. Downstream Activities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0025.
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This chapter discusses the practical possibilities of achieving increased downstream processing in extractive industries and the policies that are commonly used for this purpose. It reviews the reasons why forward vertical integration is not always an optimal choice for extractive industry companies. It finds little support for the argument that differences in market power dictate the geography of downstream processing. The degree of vertical integration appears to be mainly driven by production economics. Market-determined processing margins fluctuate, which raises the risks of investing in downstream processing capacity. Industrial policy for downstream processing is discussed based on experiences in India, Indonesia, Zambia, and Tanzania. Results so far seem to indicate that unintended consequences dominate the outcomes.
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Bohlmann, Heinrich, and Rod Crompton. The impact on the South African economy of alternative regulatory arrangements in the petroleum sector. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/910-5.
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This paper adds quantitative analysis to the study by Crompton et al. (2020), in which various alternative regulatory arrangements regarding the petrol price in South Africa were explored. We use a multi-sector dynamic computable general equilibrium model for South Africa to conduct our economic impact analysis. Five scenarios are modelled, first individually to correctly calibrate the shocks, and then cumulatively to find the overall economy-wide effects of the proposed reforms. Under the most comprehensive set of reforms to the determination of petrol prices, which seeks to emulate market forces, the South African economy is seeing substantial benefits. GDP is expected to rise by 0.67 per cent and real wages by over 1.1 per cent relative to the baseline. Refineries are assumed to shrug off reforms targeted at removing pure profits earned via the import parity price (Basic Fuel Price) methodology by accepting a slightly lower rate of return, enabling them to meet the expected increase in demand for petrol on the back of the lower consumer prices achieved via the reforms. Whilst job losses at fuel service stations may be expected as a result of reduced revenues and margins, increased activity and job opportunities in the rest of the economy, facilitated through cheaper trade and transport margins, will more than offset those losses.
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Jones, Geoffrey. Profits and Sustainability. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198706977.001.0001.
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The book tells the unknown story of entrepreneurs who believed business could help create a more sustainable world. It challenges the received point of view that such green entrepreneurs are a recent phenomenon, and instead traces their origins much further back in the convictions of people committed to unusual lifestyles, in the zeal of radicals, and in the often unsuccessful efforts of visionaries to bring a new world into being long before the world was ready for it. This book looks at many such individuals in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere, and in industries as diverse as architecture, natural beauty, organic food, recycling, solar and wind energy, and sustainable finance. In each industry, the book explores the drivers of green entrepreneurship over time, how businesses were built, and the lessons to be learned. It is shown that it was only from the 1980s that green businesses were able to break out of marginal positions, yet the scaling of such businesses and the rise of corporate environmentalism raised new issues of legitimacy. The historical achievement of green entrepreneurs remains that through their willingness to be unconventional, they opened up new ways of thinking about sustainability, and have laid the foundations for the sustainable world of the future.
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Sury, Michael. Procedural sedation in children. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman and Neil S. Morton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0072.
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Sedation is a state of reduced consciousness in which the patient should be rousable. The main concern is that sedation can become too deep, unintentionally, and the patient can be harmed. The practitioner must therefore be trained to cope with all the common side-effects of sedation. Sedation techniques depend on the intended procedure. Four common scenarios are covered in this chapter: painless imaging, painful procedures, endoscopy, and dental procedures. Each of these has specific demands and they are discussed in detail. The anaesthetist should choose short-acting potent drugs to provide effective sedation or anaesthesia. Non-anaesthetists should, unless specifically trained, limit their techniques to those which are truly sedation and have a wide margin of safety. Unfortunately, such drugs are usually less potent and the techniques have a failure rate. In the absence of anaesthetists, high-quality services need to minimize the risk of failure and develop effective sedation techniques by trained staff.
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al-Azmeh, Aziz. Secularism in the Arab World. Translated by David Bond. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474447461.001.0001.
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This book provides a study of secularisation and secularism in the Arab World, between middle of the nineteenth century and the end of the twentieth. It approaches the its subject in the modern history of the Arab World as a set of historical changes which affected the regulation of social, political, religious and cultural order which permeated the concrete workings of society, rather than as an ideological discussion framed from the outset by the presumed opposition between Islam and secularism. The book traces social, institutional and cultural changes of a secularising character, the emergence and consolidation of a secular political and legal system, the rise of a new type of educational and political arrangements with their complement of a modern intelligentsia, the social and institutional attrition of the Muslim religious institution and the strong reformist current in Islam, the rise of modern cognitive regimes, ideologies and secular culture, and the balances of secular and religious elements in nationalism. The book traces the rise of secularist and anti-religious culture in the variety of its manifestations, and of anti-modernism as well, and the emergence of associated religious and anti-modernist currents in the wake of the 1967 war, the associated strengthening of Islamist politics and its move from the margins to the centre in the last quarter of the twentieth century.
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Shaffer, Kirwin R. Radicals and Reformers. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037641.003.0003.
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This chapter illustrates that during the first decade of U.S. rule, anarchists cautiously joined the AFL-linked Federación Libre de Trabajadores (FLT), assuming leadership roles in local unions, publishing in union newspapers, and printing anarchist newspapers through the union presses. From within the union, anarchists criticized the FLT's pro-Americanization project, the rise of republican political institutions and electoral politics on the island, and the union's occasional attempts to engage in elections. These critiques, sometimes published at home and sometimes published in the international anarchist press in Cuba that was then mailed back to Puerto Rico, often found anarchists on the margins of union politics. Moreover, they worked as best as they could with the reformers while continuing to put forth a more radical agenda achieved by direct action, not parliamentary politics.
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Gotman, Kélina. ‘Sicily Implies Asia and Africa’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190840419.003.0008.
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The passage or translatio between bodies of knowledge and geographic terrains prompted the transformation of the choreomania concept from mildly quaint to dangerously exotic, in a context of rising anti-colonial revolt. This chapter introduces part II of the book, which emphasizes the transformation of ‘choreomania’ on colonial shores. Considering the rise in comparative literature and medical geography, as well as performative reconstructions of ancient Greek attitudes, this chapter shows how travellers, translators, and anthropologists contributed to expanding the archival repertoire of choreomanias with cases and marginalia emphasizing the exotic South and East. Tarantellas, in particular, imagined as gateways to Greece and Africa via Sicily, appeared to reach back not only to medieval and ancient Europe but also across to present-day Abyssinia. The tigretier, an African ‘variant’, and further apparent variants in Nigeria, made of the ‘dancing disease’ a feminine and soon, too, a typically colonial figure of duplicity and deceit.
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Hueglin, Thomas O. Althusius. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198768586.003.0007.
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This chapter argues that the contribution of Johannes Althusius to system and order in international law lies in his early-modern construction of a federal theory of politics not yet based on the distinction of national and international law and thus of heuristic value for a post-modern system of transnational order. Widely read at the time, Althusius was harshly condemned during the age of absolutism and largely forgotten in a modern world of sovereign nation-states. The rise of the modern federal state with its strict separation of powers and the assumption of indivisible centralized sovereignty also kept him at the margins as a theorist of federalism. As this chapter attempts to show, reading Althusius can help conceptualizing a post-Westphalian international political order in which individual rights would be complemented by the collective or group rights of a plurality of smaller and larger communities.
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Helgen, Erika. Religious Conflict in Brazil. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243352.001.0001.
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This innovative study explores the transition in Brazil from a hegemonically Catholic society to a religiously pluralistic society. The book shows that the rise of religious pluralism was fraught with conflict and violence, as Catholic bishops, priests, and friars organized intense campaigns against Protestantism. These episodes of religious violence were not isolated outbursts of reactionary rage, but rather formed part of a longer process through which religious groups articulated their vision for Brazil's national future. The book begins with a background on Catholic–Protestant relations in the Brazilian Northeast. It suggests a new religious history of modern Latin America that puts religious pluralism at the center rather than at the margins of historical analysis. In doing so it seeks to understand the ways in which religious competition and conflict redefined traditional relationships between church and state, lay and clergy, popular and official religion, and local and national interests.
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Filppula, Markku, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma, eds. The Oxford Handbook of World Englishes. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.001.0001.
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As the most documented language in human history, English holds a unique key to unlocking some of the mysteries of that uniquely human endowment: language. Yet the field of World Englishes has remained somewhat marginal in linguistic theory and vice versa. This collection calls for more direct and mutually constructive engagement with current linguistic theories, questions, and methodologies. It aims to achieve this through a design that combines areal overviews, theoretical chapters, and case studies. The thirty-six chapters are divided into four thematic parts: Foundations, World Englishes and Linguistic Theory, Areal Profiles, and Case Studies. Part I sets out the complex history of the global spread of English, which has given rise to the extraordinary regional variation we see today. This is followed, in Part II, by chapters addressing the mutual relevance and importance of World Englishes and numerous theoretical subfields of Linguistics, ranging from phonology and syntax to sociolinguistics and language contact. Part III offers detailed accounts of the structure and social histories of specific varieties of English spoken across the globe, highlighting points of theoretical interest. The collection closes with a set of case studies that exemplify the type of analysis encouraged by the volume. As attention is focused on innovative work at the interface of dialect description and theoretical explanation, the book is more succinct in its treatment of applied themes, which are given complementary coverage in other works.
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Fernandes, Sujatha. Curated Stories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190618049.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
In the contemporary era we have seen a proliferation of storytelling activities, from the phenomenon of TED talks and Humans of New York to a plethora of story-coaching agencies and consultants. Curated Stories seeks to understand the rise of this storytelling culture alongside a broader shift to neoliberal free market economies. The book shows how in the turn to free market orders, stories have been reconfigured to promote liberal and neoliberal self-making and are restructured as easily digestible soundbites mobilized toward utilitarian ends. The reader is taken to several sites around the world where we can hear stories and observe varied contemporary modes of storytelling: the online Afghan Women’s Writing Project, the domestic workers movement and the undocumented student Dreamer movement in the United States, and the Misión Cultura storytelling project in Venezuela. Curated stories are often heartbreaking accounts of poverty and mistreatment that may move us deeply. But what do they move us to? What are the stakes, and for whom, in the crafting and mobilization of storytelling? A careful analysis of the conditions under which the stories are told, the tropes through which they are narrated, and the ways in which they are responded to shows how stories may actually work to disguise the deeper contexts of global inequality in which these marginal lives are situated. The book is also concerned with how we might reclaim storytelling as a craft that allows for the fullness and complexity of experience to be expressed in pursuit of transformative social change.
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Biagini, Eugenio. Politics and Social Reform in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0018.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explains the rise and significance of various social reform movements in the United States from the early republic through the Civil War. It shows how the American political experiment, with its disestablished religion, gave life to a great experiment in Protestant Dissenting theology. Rather than a marginal, outsider movement—as in much of the rest of the Christian world—Protestant Dissent became the establishment in America. Antebellum America was defined by a relatively weak, decentralized state apparatus. It thus allowed space for many low-church, voluntary Protestants to organize in an effort to address a variety of social questions—chief among them the antislavery crusade, temperance, women’s rights, Sabbatarianism, urban relief, and public institutional reform. The ‘Benevolent Empire’ that championed these causes was by no means unified in politics and theology, but its efforts generally flowed from a belief that moral suasion might help build a more robustly ‘Christian’ America. In the end, moral suasion proved limited. Instead, social reformers became increasingly reliant on direct political strategies to achieve their ends. The greatest social reform accomplishment of the nineteenth century was the abolition of slavery, but it required a two-million-man army and expanded state power to reach that goal. Social reform movements would remain after the American Civil War, with much continuity over time. But the abolition of slavery through war and constitutional amendment provided a model going forward: social reform in America would be achieved not through moral suasion, but through political action.
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Robb, Megan Eaton. Print and the Urdu Public. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190089375.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
In early twentieth-century British India, prior to the arrival of digital medias and after the rise of nationalist political movements, a small-town paper from the margins became a key node for an Urdu journalism conversation with particular influence in the United Provinces and Punjab. Understanding this newspaper’s rise shows how a print public characterized by bottom-up as well as top-down approaches influenced the evolution of a new type of Urdu public in twentieth-century South Asia. Addressing a gap in scholarship on Urdu media in the early twentieth century, during the period when it underwent some of its most critical transformations, this book contributes a discursive and material analysis of a previously unexamined Urdu newspaper, Madinah, augmenting its analysis with evidence from contemporary Urdu, English, and Hindi papers; government records; private diaries; private library holdings; ethnographic interviews with families who owned and ran the newspaper; and training materials for newspaper printers. Madinah identified the Urdu newspaper conversation both explicitly and implicitly with Muslim identity, a commitment that became difficult to manage as the pro-Congress paper sought simultaneously to counter calls for Pakistan, to criticize Congress’s treatment of Muslims, and to emphasize Urdu’s necessary connection to Muslim identity. Since Madinah delineated the boundaries of a Muslim, public conversation in a way that emphasized rootedness to local politics and small urban spaces like Bijnor, this study demonstrates the necessity of considering spatial and temporal orientation in studies of the public in South Asia.
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Leng, Thomas. Fellowship and Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794479.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This is the first modern study of the Fellowship of Merchant Adventurers—sixteenth-century England’s premier trading company—in its final century of existence as a privileged organization. Over this period the company’s main trade, the export of cloth to northwest Europe, was overshadowed by rising traffic with the wider world, whilst its privileges were continually criticized in an era of political revolution. But the company and its membership were not passive victims of these changes; rather, they were active participants in the commercial and political dramas of the century. Using thousands of neglected private merchant papers, the book views the company from the perspective of its members, in the process bringing to life the complex social worlds of early modern merchants. It addresses the challenge of maintaining corporate unity in the face of internal disagreements and external attacks. It restores the centrality of the Merchant Adventurers within three important historical narratives: England’s transition from the margins to the centre of the European, and later global, economy; the rise and fall of the merchant corporation as a major form of commercial government in premodern Europe; and the political history of the corporation in an era of state formation and revolution.
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Wise, Carol. Dragonomics. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300224092.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book explores the impact of Chinese growth on Latin America since the early 2000s. Some twenty years ago, Chinese entrepreneurs headed to the Western Hemisphere in search of profits and commodities, specifically those that China lacked and that some Latin American countries held in abundance—copper, iron ore, crude oil, fishmeal and soybeans. Focusing largely on Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Peru, the book traces the evolution of political and economic ties between China and these countries back to the 1950s and explores how more recent and ongoing interaction with China has shaped the respective political economies of these country cases. Drawing on the development economics literature as an analytical roadmap, the book offers two sets of findings. First, the three small, open economies—Chile, Costa Rica, and Peru—outperformed Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico by a wide margin during the China 2003–2013 boom and thereafter. Second, success in dealing with China has varied by sector, project, and country. The author argues that while opportunities for closer economic integration with China are seemingly infinite, so are the risks. The best outcomes have stemmed from endeavours where the rule of law, regulatory oversight, and a clear strategy exist on the Latin American side.
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Furtado, Gustavo Procopio. Documentary Filmmaking in Contemporary Brazil. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867041.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book examines the vibrant field of documentary filmmaking in Brazil from the transition to democracy in 1985 to the present. Marked by significant efforts toward the democratization of Brazil’s highly unequal society, this period also witnessed the documentary’s rise to unprecedented vitality in quantity, quality, and diversity of production—including polished auteur films as well as rough-hewn collaborative works; films made in major metropolitan regions as well as in remote parts of the Amazon; intimate first-person documentaries as well as films that dive headfirst into struggles for social justice. The transformations of Brazilian society and of filmmaking coalesce and become entangled in this cinema’s preoccupation with archives. Historically linked to the exercise and maintenance of power, the concept of the archive is critical for the documentary as a cultural practice that preserves images from the present for the future, unearths and repurposes visual materials from the past, and is historically invested in filmic images as records of the real. Contemporary films incorporate, reflect on, and rework a variety of archives, such as documents produced by official institutions, ethnographic images, home movies, and photo albums—and engage not only with what is preserved but also with lacunas in the record and with alternate forms of remembering, retrieving, and transmitting the past. Through its interaction with archives, this book argues, the contemporary documentary reflects on and intervenes in the distribution of visibilities and invisibilities, centers and margins, silences and speech, living memory and its preservation in the record—thus locating the documentary on archival borders that concern Brazilian society and filmmaking alike.