Relevant bibliographies by topics / Marginal quality

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Marginal quality'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Marginal quality"

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Tanji, K. K. "Irrigation with Marginal Quality Waters: Issues." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 123, no. 3 (May 1997): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1997)123:3(165).

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Wolf, David, H. Allen Klaiber, and Sathya Gopalakrishnan. "Beyond marginal: Estimating the demand for water quality." Resource and Energy Economics 68 (May 2022): 101299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101299.

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Mirza, D. F., B. K. Gunson, RenatoF Da Silva, A. D. Mayer, J. A. C. Buckels, and P. McMaster. "Policies in Europe on "marginal quality" donor livers." Lancet 344, no. 8935 (November 1994): 1480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90294-1.

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Benetti, Ana R., Anne Peutzfeldt, Adrian Lussi, and Simon Flury. "Resin composites: Modulus of elasticity and marginal quality." Journal of Dentistry 42, no. 9 (September 2014): 1185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.07.004.

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SCHMITT, PAMELA M. "A VERTICALLY DIFFERENTIATED DUOPOLY WITH MARGINAL COST DIFFERENTIALS." International Game Theory Review 05, no. 01 (March 2003): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198903000908.

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A vertically differentiated duopoly model analyzes the impact of marginal cost differentials on price and quality. Firms play a two-stage game, first simultaneously choosing quality and then simultaneously choosing price. When the firm producing the high quality good faces an increase in its marginal cost, both firms increase price and upgrade quality. When the firm producing the low quality good faces an increase in its marginal cost, both firms decrease price and downgrade quality. When a first firm enters the market, quality position decisions are examined under the assumption that both the firm-specific and the quality-specific marginal costs are higher when a firm produces a higher quality good. The results show that the first entrant produces the low quality good and earns higher profits.
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Rabbani, Emilia Kohlman, and Graham Bullen. "Marginal Delay: New Measure for Quality of Service at Signalized Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1802, no. 1 (January 2002): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1802-05.

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Most existing analytical models determine signal settings at intersections by minimizing total delay. The main problem with these methods is that when green split is based on minimum total intersection delay, low-volume approaches are penalized. Although this may be appropriate, the extent of this penalty has never been theoretically resolved. A new concept and its methodology for determining traffic signal settings were proposed to provide a theoretical basis for this issue. This new concept, marginal delay, has its inception in marginal analysis and is defined as the increase in total delay resulting from a one-vehicle increase in the approach volume. Given the nature of the existing delay equations, marginal delay also represents the measure of the maximum individual vehicle delay for a given cycle. Three marginal delay equations were derived and analyzed over a range of 265 cases. Marginal delay analysis was applied to signal-setting calculations and compared with existing delay models. The work concluded that marginal delay is a significant variable in the calculation of signal settings, especially when large differences exist between the volumes of the different approaches. Furthermore, marginal delay used in conjunction with total delay can improve current signal-timing methods by quantifying the penalty applied to light-volume approaches and by providing a measure of variance between real-time flow and design flow.
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Hayashi, M., N. H. F. Wilson, and D. C. Watts. "Quality of Marginal Adaptation Evaluation of Posterior Composites in Clinical Trials." Journal of Dental Research 82, no. 1 (January 2003): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910308200113.

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The evaluation of margins of restorations in clinical trials relies on the subjective assessment of evaluators, with no instrument having been developed, let alone validated, to assist in the process. The purpose of the present study was to assess the quality of evaluations of marginal adaptation by analyzing the distribution of marginal steps rated according to clinical criteria. Replicas of 435 restorations, the marginal qualities of which had been evaluated according to modified USPHS criteria, were randomly selected from the Occlusin TM multi-center clinical trial program. The marginal step height in the most deteriorated area of each restoration was measured by means of a digital step-height instrument. An overlap between the steps in the restorations with A (Alfa; replacement unnecessary) and B (Bravo; replacement questionable) ratings was found to be in the range of 101 μm to 321 μm. When the steps with a height greater or less than one standard deviation of the mean were excluded, the overlap was reduced to a range of 168 μm to 173 μm. This finding indicates a marginal height boundary between A and B ratings for marginal adaptation of 170 ± 3 μm.
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Steller, Marcel, and Erich Pummerer. "Auditor’s Income Taxation and Audit Quality." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040833.

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We use an analytical research model to analyze the effect of the auditor’s personal income tax on audit effort. We show that the auditor’s level of care crucially depends on the tax rate and amount of loss recognition. Taxes may cause paradoxical effects on the auditor’s effort, audit quality, and marginal audit fee if profits and losses are taxed differently or in case of risk-averse decision-makers. Therefore, compared with the pretax setting, taxes have distortional effects. Thus, common auditing standards (e.g., International Standards on Auditing framework) will imply diverse audit quality and marginal audit fees depending on the respective national tax law. Our results are relevant for standard setters, auditors, and financial statements’ addressees.
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Grobler, Carla, Philip J. Wolfe, Kingshuk Dasadhikari, Irene C. Dedoussi, Florian Allroggen, Raymond L. Speth, Sebastian D. Eastham, et al. "Marginal climate and air quality costs of aviation emissions." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 11 (November 8, 2019): 114031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4942.

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Woods, P. W., V. A. Marker, T. W. McKinney, B. H. Miller, and T. Okabe. "Determining Amalgam Marginal Quality: Effect of Occlusal Surface Condition." Journal of the American Dental Association 124, no. 5 (May 1993): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1993.0108.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marginal quality"

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Serhat, Koken. "Clinical and laboratory investigations on cervical margin relocation." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1096029.

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In the presence of subgingival proximal margins, close to or below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), impression taking and adhesive luting procedures for indirect restorations are hampered; surgical crown lengthening or orthodontic eruption are viable options. However, the placement of a small amount of composite, so-called cervical margin relocation (CMR), was proposed as an alternative technique. To date, literature about CMR is scarce and the aim of this PhD thesis was to perform laboratory and clinical investigations to shed light on some crucial missing points. The thesis consists of 5 studies. The first study is a literature review summarizing the existing scientific literature on CMR technique performed prior to the adhesive cementation of indirect restorations. The second study is an in vivo randomized controlled clinical trial assessing the possible influence of CMR on periodontal health, after 12- month of clinical service. The third study is an in vitro study evaluating the marginal sealing of relocated mesio-occluso-distal overlays. The fourth study is an in vitro study analyzing the influence of cervical margin relocation and adhesive system on microleakage of indirect composite restorations. The fifth study is an in vitro study evaluating the possible correlation between two methodological approaches applied to evaluate cervical margin relocation. Different methodological approaches were used to perform the above-reported investigations, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microleakage analyses. The principal investigator was calibrated and trained before performing the operative procedures and laboratory investigations. All the recorded data were statistically analyzed with dedicated software. CMR is a relatively new restorative procedure and information on its performance is limited. Within the limitations of the performed laboratory and clinical studies, the present PhD thesis allowed to draw the following conclusions: 1. On the basis of the reviewed literature, currently, there is no strong scientific evidence that could either support or discourage the use of CMR technique prior to restoration of deep subgingival defects with indirect adhesive restorations; further randomized controlled clinical trials are necessary to provide reliable evidence on the influence of CMR technique on the clinical performance, especially on the longevity of restorations and periodontal health. 2. A higher incidence of bleeding on probing can be expected around teeth treated with CMR and in coincidence with deep margins placed at or closer than 2 mm from the bone crest; consequently, CMR should be considered as a clinically sensitive-technique, especially when performed on deep subgingival margins. 3. The marginal sealing ability of flowable and microhybrid resin composites is comparable for CMR; furthermore, luting overlays directly onto dentin without CMR appears to be a better method for limiting marginal leakage underneath CAD/CAM overlays. 4. CMR technique and the adhesive system employed for luting indirect restorations might represent a significant factor affecting microleakage at the interface below CEJ. 5. CMR seems to provide less adequate seal of the margin than the one achieved by cementing the restoration directly to dentin without CMR. The sealing ability of the marginal interface depends on the adhesive materials used for performing CMR. Differences in the quality of the marginal adaptation between two different materials used for CMR could not be detected by SEM observations. SEM examination of the marginal adaptation does not allow for the predictions of the functional sealing of the margins. Future in vitro and in vivo studies should evaluate the effectiveness of CMR technique and the marginal seal of different bonding systems and luting cements in combination with CMR. Particularly, randomized controlled clinical trials should investigate the durability of CMR and the response of periodontal tissues.
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Wolf, David M. "Beyond Marginal Valuation: The Economic Impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1529492086337544.

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Alsherfawi, Aljazaerli Moaz. "Hedonic valuation of marginal willingness to pay for air quality in metropolitan damascus." Graduate School of International Development. Nagoya University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6139.

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Kilpatrick, Lindsay Anne. "Impacts of Biosolids and FGD Gypsum Application on Marginal Soil Quality and Production of Miscanthus as a Bioenergy Crop." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339744690.

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Dias, Danilo Rocha. "Avaliação da microestrutura óssea de sítios implantares e fatores relacionados às alterações no nível ósseo marginal e estabilidade de implantes dentários: estudo clínico prospectivo." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3796.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Bone characteristics influence surgical/prosthetic planning of implant treatment, but it is not clear their influence on longitudinal outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between jawbone microstructure and changes on marginal bone level (MBL) and implant stability (IS) after loading, in a 1-year follow-up. Forty-one volunteers received 97 dental implants, installed in bone sites classified from 1 to 4, according to Leckholm & Zarb (1985). Cortical bone thickness was measured on computed tomography images. Histomorphometric and microtomographic analyses were performed in bone specimens obtained by using a trephine bur, at first drilling. Peak insertion torque (PIT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) measured by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) were registered at implant insertion. Periapical radiographs were standardized to measure the MBL, and were taken at three moments, when the ISQ was also measured: at uncovering stage, at loading and at 1-year follow-up. Agreement analysis between histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography (microCT) showed that these methods are complementary, but not interchangeably. Association tests revealed that ISQ changes were not affected by MBL changes. Bone type 4 (according L&Z) presented higher changes on ISQ, especially during osseointegration. Microstructure parameters (histomorphometric and microCT parameters) and cortical thickness did not influence ISQ changes and MBL changes. These results suggest that bone characteristics influence primary implant stability, but do not predict implant success after osseointegration.
Características do tecido ósseo influenciam o planejamento cirúrgico/protético dos implantes dentários, mas não está clara sua relação com o resultado longitudinal do tratamento com implantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre microestrutura óssea de sítios implantares da maxila e mandíbula, as alterações de nível ósseo marginal (MBL) e a estabilidade dos implantes (IS) até o período de 1 ano após a aplicação de carga oclusal. Quarenta e um pacientes receberam 97 implantes dentários, instalados em sítios ósseos classificados como tipos 1 a 4, de acordo com a classificação de Leckholm & Zarb (1985). A espessura de osso cortical foi mensurada em imagens de tomografia computadorizada. Análises microtomográficas e histomorfométricas foram realizadas em espécimes ósseos obtidos com trefina na primeira perfuração para instalação dos implantes. Torque de inserção final (PIT) e quociente de estabilidade do implante (ISQ) medido por análise de freqüência de ressonância (RFA) foram registrados durante a instalação dos implantes. Radiografias periapicais padronizadas para mensuração do MBL foram obtidas em tres momentos, quando novos registros do ISQ foram também realizados: durante a cirurgia de reabertura, na instalação das próteses e 1 ano após aplicação da carga oclusal. A análise de concordância entre os métodos de microtomografia computadorizada (microCT) e histomorfometria, mostrou que estes métodos são complementares, mas não intercambiáveis. Testes de associação mostraram que as alterações na IS não foram afetadas pelas alterações no MBL. Ossos classificados como tipo 4 apresentaram as maiores alterações da IS, principalmente durante a osseointegração. Os parâmetros microestruturais (parâmetros microtomográficos e histomorfométricos) e a espessura de cortical não influenciaram as alterações de IS e do MBL. Estes resultados sugerem que as características do sítio ósseo influenciam a estabilidade primária, mas não são preditores do sucesso dos implantes após a osseointegração.
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Lagana, Brandon T. "Power, load, and margin : relationships between professional development and margin in life among student affairs professionals at Ball State University." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1318449.

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Using McClusky"s (1963) Power Load Margin (PLM) theory, this study employed a correlational research design to investigate if relationships existed between involvement in career-related professional development outlets and activities, and Margin in Life (MIL) scores for full-time student affairs professionals at Ball State University. Correlation coefficients (Pearson r) were calculated to determine if relationships existed between MIL scores and the number of career-related professional development outlets and activities. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated to determine if relationships existed between subjects' ages and the relationship between MIL scores and the number of career-related professional development outlets and activities.Subjects (n = 107) were identified using the 2004-2005 Ball State University Directory and mailed a Professional Development Questionnaire (PDQ), created by the researcher, and Stevenson's (1982) Margin in Life Scale. Responses from 64 subjects were used in this study (31 females and 33 males). Subjects' ages ranged from 22 to 67 years (M = 41.5 years).PDQ results indicated that subjects averaged involvement in 10.6 outlets in the previous 12 months. Six indicated involvement in more than 20 outlets. Excluding these responses, the mean for outlets was 8.8. The mean for activities was 8.4.The mean MIL score for subjects was .60. All subjects in this study had a sufficient amount of power; thus, no subject had an excessive amount of load.Results of the correlational analyses suggest the possibility that a negative correlation may exist between MIL scores and the number of career-related professional development outlets. Although the correlation and partial correlation coefficients were weak, this may have been a function of the relatively small number of subjects who participated in this study. Additional research with a larger subject population is suggested to investigate this possible relationship. No relationship was found between MIL scores and career-related professional development activities. No differences in relationships between outlets and activities, and MIL scores were found when the age of subjects was factored either in or out as an influence. Further PLM research in student affairs is suggested, including qualitative methods investigating areas of professional development relating to power, load, and margin.
Department of Educational Studies
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Mansurbeg, Howri. "Diagenesis and Reservoir-Quality Evolution of Deep-Water Turbidites: Links to Basin Setting, Depositional Facies, and Sequence Stratigraphy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Berggrundsgeologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7634.

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A study of the distribution of diagenetic alterations and their impact on reservoir-quality evolution in four deep-water turbidite successions (Cretaceous to Eocene) from basins in active (foreland) and passive margins revealed the impact of tectonic setting, depositional facies, and changes in the relative sea level. Diagenetic modifications encountered in the turbiditic sandstones from the passive margin basins include dissolution and kaolinitization (kaolin has δ18OV-SMOW = +13.3‰ to +15.2‰; δDV-SMOW = -96.6‰ to -79.6‰) of framework silicates, formation of grain coating chloritic and illitic clays, cementation by carbonates and quartz, as well as the mechanical and chemical compaction of detrital quartz. Kaolinitization, which is most extensive in the lowstand systems tracts, is attributed to meteoric-water flux during major fall in the relative sea level. Preservation of porosity and permeability in sandstones from the passive margin basins (up to 30% and 1 Darcy, respectively) is attributed to the presence of abundant rigid quartz and feldspar grains and to dissolution of carbonate cement as well as mica and feldspars. Diagenetic modifications in turbidites from the foreland basins include carbonate cementation and mechanical compaction of the abundant ductile rock fragments, which were derived from fold-thrust belts. These diagenetic alterations resulted in nearly total elimination of depositional porosity and permeability. The wide range of δ13CV−PDB values of these cements (about -18‰ to +22‰) in passive margin basins is attributed to input of dissolved carbon from various processes of organic matter alterations, including microbial methanogenesis and thermal decarboxylation of kerogen. The narrower range of δ13CV−PDB values of these cements (about -2‰ to +7‰) in the foreland basins suggests the importance of carbon derivation from the dissolution of carbonate grains. The generally wide range of δ18O values (about -17‰ to -1‰) of the carbonate cements reflect the impact of oxygen isotopic composition of the various fluid involved (including marine depositional waters, fluxed meteoric waters, evolved formation waters) and the wide ranges of precipitation temperatures. Results of this study are anticipated to have important implication for hydrocarbon exploration in deep-water turbidites from passive and active margin basins and for pre-drilling assessment of the spatial and temporal distribution of reservoir quality in such deposits.
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Nwaneshiudu, Oke. "Assessing effects of highway bridge deck runoff on near-by recieving waters in coastal margins using remote monitoring techniques." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1462.

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Most of the pollution found in highway runoff is both directly and indirectly contributed by vehicles such as cars and trucks. The constituents that contribute the majority of the pollution, such as metals, chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, are generally deposited on the highways. These can become very harmful and detrimental to human health when they come in contact with our water system. The connecting tie between these harmful highway-made pollution and our water system, which includes our ground waters and surface waters, is rainfall. The main objective of this runoff study was to characterize and assess the quantity and quality of the storm water runoff of a bridge deck that discharged into a receiving water body. The bridge deck and the creek were located in the coastal margin region in the southeast area of Texas on the border of Harris and Galveston counties. Flow-activated water samplers and flow-measuring devices were installed to quantitatively determine the rate of flow of the bridge deck and determine different pollutant loading by sampling the receiving water body (Clear Creek). The collected samples were analyzed for total suspended solids, toxic metals, and other relevant constituents of concerns. The results illustrated that the runoff from the bridge deck exhibited low total suspended solids concentrations (which were highest in the creek). However, other metal constituents like the zinc and cooper concentration were high and above standards. The phosphate concentrations in the creek were the highest and exceeded EPA standards. Several nitrate concentrations were also noticeably above EPA standards.
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Foglietta, Mauro. "Depositional and tectonic controls on reservoir quality on the Apulian Platform margin, southern Apennines, Italy." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428163.

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Johnson, Earl E., T. Ricketts, B. W. Y. Hornsby, and J. Federman. "Digital Feedback Suppression Systems in Commercial Hearing Aids: Assessments of Gain Margin and Sound Quality." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1750.

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Books on the topic "Marginal quality"

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Nicita, Alessandro. Efficiency and equity of a marginal tax reform: Income, quality, and price elasticities for Mexico. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2004.

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Nicita, Alessandro. Efficiency and Equity of a Marginal Tax Reform: Income, Quality, and Price Elasticities for Mexico. The World Bank, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3266.

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Magalhães, Pedro C. Economic Outcomes, Quality of Governance, and Satisfaction with Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793717.003.0009.

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This chapter investigates the impact of economic outcomes and quality of government on political support, arguing that the effect of economic performance is contingent on the quality of government. This hypothesis is derived from procedural fairness theories in organizational psychology according to which procedural fairness moderates the effects of outcome favorability on support for authorities. The chapter develops and tests the hypotheses that citizens’ political support is most affected by economic outcomes in those countries where the quality of government is lowest. In contrast, in contexts of high quality of government, political support is expected to be less sensitive to short-term economic fluctuations. Using ESS data and aggregate indicators of economic performance, the chapter finds that in countries where the quality of government is high, the impact of economic indicators is marginal, but where the quality of government is low, political support is quite sensitive to economic outcomes.
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Marginal Damages and Pollution Credit Training: A Study of Air Pollution in the United States. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2013.

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Chimeli, Ariaster B. Environmental Issues. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.29.

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This chapter discusses critical issues surrounding the economics of the environment in Brazil. A general framework for analyzing the state of the environment in a developing country is first presented and is used as a departure point for the study of the recent Brazilian case. High marginal utility of consumption, high marginal cost of abatement, imperfect representation of citizens by politicians, and market failures are put forth as candidate explanations for poor environmental quality and low willingness to pay for environmental improvements in developing countries, even when large gains to health and income could result. These arguments are applicable in several contexts in Brazil, but not universally. The chapter presents a critical and selective literature review on key topics including deforestation in the Amazon region, aspects of ethanol production and consumption, and climate change.
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Qian, Nancy. The Effect of China’s One Child Policy on Sex Selection, Family Size, and the School Enrolment of Daughters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829591.003.0014.

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A large economics literature provides evidence that parents trade-off the quantity of children with the quality of children, which implies that child ‘quality’ declines as family size increases. Child psychologists argue that increases in the number of children can increase the child quality because it provides children with opportunities to teach and learn from each other. Alternatively, there may simply be economies of scale in childcare costs for items such as clothes and textbooks such that an additional child lowers the marginal cost of quality for all children. Both China and India have experimented with different family planning policies to limit family size. This study addresses the effect of family size by examining the impact of increasing the number of children from one to two on school enrolment in rural China. To establish causality, the author exploits region and birth year variation in relaxations of the one child policy.
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Chiang, Connie Y. Desert Agriculture. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842062.003.0005.

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This chapter explores efforts to develop agricultural programs that would allow the camps to grow or raise most of the food consumed by Japanese Americans. This was a particularly important goal because wartime rationing and military demands limited food supplies. However, it was also quite challenging, as most of the camps were located on arid land with short growing seasons and variable soil quality. Even the most experienced farmers found it difficult to grow crops on marginal land. In addition to weather and soil problems, the WRA encountered labor shortages, resistance from local municipalities, and wartime mandates. While the camps did not produce all of their food, they did develop an extensive agricultural program with significant yields.
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Prince, Erin L., and Heidi R. Umphrey. Multiple Circumscribed Masses. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0019.

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A circumscribed mass is a mass with margins demonstrating a sharp demarcation between the lesion and surrounding tissue. On mammography, at least 75% of the margin must be well defined in order for the mass to qualify as circumscribed. Multiple circumscribed masses may be seen unilaterally or bilaterally and can be seen on up to 1.7% of screening mammograms. After mammography, these masses may need to be further evaluated with ultrasound and correlated with clinical information. This chapter, appearing in the section on asymmetry, mass, and distortion, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for multiple circumscribed masses. Topics discussed include cysts, fibroadenomas, oil cysts, metastases, lymph nodes, and neurofibromas.
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Moller, David Wendell, ed. Dying at the Margins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199760145.001.0001.

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Dying at the Margins: Reflections on Justice and Healing for Inner-City Poor gives voice to a most vulnerable and disempowered population—the urban dying poor—and connects them to the voices of leaders in end-of-life care. Chapters written by these experts in the field discuss the issues that challenge patients and their loved ones, as well as offering insights into how to improve the quality of their lives. In an illuminating and timely follow-up to Dancing with Broken Bones, all discussions revolve around the actual experiences of the patients previously documented, encouraging a greater understanding about the needs of the dying poor, advocating for them, and developing best practices in caring. Demystifying stereotypes that surround poverty, Moller illuminates how faith, remarkable optimism, and an unassailable spirit provide strength and courage to those who live and die at the margins. As with his previous book, Dying at the Margins serves as a rallying call for not only end-of-life professionals, but compassionate individuals everywhere, to understand and respond to the needs of the especially vulnerable, yet inspiring, people who comprise the world of the inner-city dying poor.
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Guffey, Patrick J., and Martin Culwick. Adverse Event Prevention and Management. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0009.

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Adverse events are an unfortunate reality of caring for patients in our current healthcare system. Preventing and mitigating these events are an important part of quality improvement. First, an understanding of what events occur and how often they are occurring is critical to planning improvements. Incident reporting systems are one way of gathering this information. Then, events should be categorized and analyzed for improvement. The failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and bow-tie diagram are two tools for this purpose. Once an event has occurred, consideration should be given to the caregivers as well as the patient when managing and resolving adverse events. Prevention requires strong analysis of events and recognition of both latent (system) and human causes. Interventions have different degrees of effectiveness, ranging from highly effective forcing functions, to marginally effective encouraging statements. There are four steps to event management: mitigation, immediate management, refractory management, and follow-up.
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Book chapters on the topic "Marginal quality"

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Simoes, Nádia, and Ana Paula Diogo. "Marginal Utility." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 3769–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1724.

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Simoes, Nádia, and Ana Paula Diogo. "Marginal Utility." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_1724-2.

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Chhabra, Ranbir. "Irrigation Water: Quality Criteria." In Salt-affected Soils and Marginal Waters, 431–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78435-5_8.

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Suarez, Donald L. "Use of Marginal-Quality Waters for Sustainable Crop Production." In Developments in Soil Salinity Assessment and Reclamation, 367–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5684-7_25.

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Akinsanya, Aminat Korede, and Danny Coyne. "The resilient cassava: undermined by root-knot nematodes." In Integrated nematode management: state-of-the-art and visions for the future, 381–87. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0053.

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Abstract Cassava roots are naturally knobbly and distorted, which casually disguises the damage caused by root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) or other nematodes. Cassava has traditionally also been cultivated under marginal conditions, with stems planted and left to survive. Those genotypes that survive, therefore, have also overcome, and possibly adapted to, local conditions and prevailing pests, aiding the selection by farmers of those genotypes most resistant and tolerant to nematodes. This chapter dispels the myth, placing cassava alongside other crops as a susceptible host to nematode pests. It provides an overview of the damage caused by root-knot nematodes, the main pest, as well as how seriously they can undermine cassava production and impact the quality of cassava storage roots.
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Murtaza, Ghulam, Abdul Ghafoor, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman, and Manzoor Qadir. "Marginal-Quality Water Use as an Ameliorant for Tile-Drained Saline-Sodic Soils in a Rice-Wheat Production System." In Developments in Soil Salinity Assessment and Reclamation, 295–311. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5684-7_19.

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Plainer, Zsuzsa. "Segregated Schools, “Slow Minds” and “Must Be Done Jobs”: Experiences About Formal Education and Labour Market in a Roma Community in Romania." In Social and Economic Vulnerability of Roma People, 39–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52588-0_3.

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AbstractBased on a long-term ethnographic fieldwork, this study applies the cultural-ecological theory to understand reasons for making and maintaining a segregated school in a Romanian town, and those community forces which track and maintain Roma children there. As findings indicate, creating and sustaining such an institution reflects the flipsides of Romanian national policies, which due to the financing strategies and centralized curricula—involuntarily—block the chances to provide quality education to marginal groups. Tracking and staying of Roma children into such schools is a result of their parents’ ambivalent experiences with formal economic activities and formal education. Experiences with work and schooling shared by this urban group of Roma reveal that parents have clear expectations towards school: transmission of practical knowledge, good treatment and isolation of the school problems from family life, which not always can be fulfilled by the educational units.
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Shahid, Shabbir A., Faisal K. Taha, Shoaib Ismail, Abdullah Dakheel, and Mahmoud Abdelfattah. "Turning Adversity into an Advantage for Food Security Through Improving Soil Quality and Providing Production Systems for Marginal Saline Lands: ICBA Perspectives and Approach." In Sustainable Agricultural Development, 43–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0519-7_3.

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Kumar, Vikash, Anjali Chauhan, Avinash Kumar Shinde, Ramesh L. Kunkerkar, Deepak Sharma, and Bikram Kishore Das. "Mutation breeding in rice for sustainable crop production and food security in India." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 83–99. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0009.

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Abstract With the inevitable risk posed by global climate change affecting crop yield and the ever-increasing demands of agricultural produce, crop improvement techniques need to be more precise in developing smart crop varieties. The rice crop, a staple food for the majority of the world population, has a significant role to play in alleviating the global hunger problem. With the world population burgeoning at an unprecedented rate, limited fertile land resources, climate change, emerging new races of pests and diseases and consumer preferences for quality attributes, it is imperative to increase crop diversity, and this requires better selection efficiency addressing the challenges of future rice production. Mutation breeding is a fundamental and very successful tool helping to increase crop diversity and allowing plant breeders to exercise their skill in developing desirable crop varieties. The induction of mutations has been used to enhance yield, improve nutritional quality and widen the adaptability of the world's most important crops such as wheat, rice, pulses, millets and oilseeds. India is considered to be one of the primary centres of origin of crop species with the concomitant very high genetic diversity in traditional landraces for different agronomic traits of economic importance. Plant architecture, such as plant height, branching habit (tiller number), leaf shape and patterns, floral and grain traits and quality traits such as aroma, amylose content and cooking quality are of tremendous importance for rice improvement programmes. Traditional landraces of rice have premium grain quality, fetching a premium price, but their cultivation is being marginalized due to their tall stature, proneness to lodging, late maturity and poor yield. Mutation breeding technology has been successfully implemented in rice improvement programmes, which have resulted in the improvement of aromatic rice varieties, such as 'Pusa Basmati 1', 'Dubraj and Jawaphool'. Two high-yielding mutant rice varieties, TCDM-1 ('Trombay Chhattisgarh Dubraj Mutant-1') and TKR Kolam ('Trombay Karjat Rice Kolam'), have been released for cultivation in Chhattisgarh and the Konkan region of Maharashtra. Both these varieties possess dwarf plant stature (110 cm), medium maturity (130 days), premium grain quality and resistance to major pests and diseases. Improvement of other traditional rice varieties is underway which will bring these varieties back into cultivation and help in improving the tribal and marginal farmers' economy.
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Markovits, Richard S. "Chapter 2 The Components of the Difference Between a Firm’s Price and Conventional Marginal Costs and the Intermediate Determinants of the Intensity of Quality-and-Variety-Increasing-Investment Competition." In Economics and the Interpretation and Application of U.S. and E.U. Antitrust Law, 15–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24307-3_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Marginal quality"

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Rolik, Oleksandr, and Kolesnik Valerii. "Marginal Utility Approach for Quality of Service Evaluation in IT infrastructure." In 2020 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Advanced Trends in Information Theory (ATIT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atit50783.2020.9349352.

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"Water quality effects of cellulosic biofuel crops grown on marginal land." In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141909855.

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Uche, Chukwunonso, Obehi Eremiokhale, Samuel Esieboma, and Jennifer Uche. "Integrated Reservoir Management in a Marginal Oil Rim Field." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211915-ms.

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Abstract The field under consideration is located about 50 Km offshore Nigeria in water depth of about 130ft. The field was discovered in 1968 with X1 well. This particular well encountered oil in four different zones (IX, X, XI and XII) in the Pliocene Agbada formation. The X1 well was logged and tested to evaluate the potential. The second well, X2 was drilled in the early 70s and that was in a separate fault block. This second well encountered oil in two reservoirs, IX and X. The XI was poorly developed in X2 well relative to X1 well which was found wet. The XII reservoir was encountered with good oil shows and gas readings were found in poorer sections of the reservoir. A third well was drilled which did not encounter any hydrocarbon and many of the sands were poorly developed or absent relative to the X1 and X2 wells. No testing was conducted in this well. The field was appraised with X4 well. The X4 well encountered oil in all the four sands. Pressure and log data were taken from the reservoirs in this well and the well was tested to know the true potential of each. The reservoir sands are of good to excellent quality but are unconsolidated and sand control will be required in the development phase. The fluid quality is 25 deg API with moderate viscosity and a moderate GOR in the XII, and about 14 deg API with high viscosity and low GOR in the other reservoirs. Reservoir pressure and temperature is normal in the IX sand, slightly over-pressured in the X sand and significantly over-pressured in the XII. Following the successful results of the subsequent appraisal programme, the reserves level increased significantly to more than 40 MMbbls. At this level the field was judged large enough to support a stand alone development. This had allowed a first proposal to initiate an initial development plan for the Field. Development drilling commenced in 2009 with first oil was recorded in 2010. As the development of the field progressed the lessons learnt from first development phase of drilling were implemented in the second phase. This led to better wells with improved production rates. In addition, effective reservoir management in the field has led to optimized production which saw recovery factor in these oil rim reservoirs getting above 30%. This paper highlights the challenges encountered, innovative solutions and key learnings along each phase of development.
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Cavalleri, Chiara, Michel Claverie, Chandramani Shrivastva, and Okechukwu Ossai. "Understanding Reservoir Quality Indicators in Marginal Marine Environment: Integrating the Advanced Wireline Measurements in Niger Delta." In SPE Kuwait Oil and Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/167311-ms.

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Quandt, D., B. Busch, C. Schmidt, and C. Hilgers. "Diagenesis and Controls on Reservoir Quality of Lower Triassic Sandstones (Buntsandstein) from a Marginal Basin Facies." In 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202210589.

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Danmadami, Amina, Ibiye Iyalla, Gbenga Oluyemi, and Jesse Andrawus. "Challenges of Developing Marginal Fields in the Current Climate of Oil and Gas Industry." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207207-ms.

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Abstract Marginal field development has gained relevance in oil producing countries because of the huge potential economic benefits it offers. The Federal Government of Nigeria commenced a Marginal Fields program in 2001 as part of her policy to improve the nation’s strategic oil and gas reserves and promote indigenous participation in the upstream sector. Twenty years after the award of marginal fields to indigenous companies to develop, 50% have developed and in production, 13% have made some progress with their acquisition while 37% remain undeveloped. The poor performance of the marginal field operators is due to certain challenges which have impeded their progress. A review of challenges of developing marginal fields in the current industry climate was conducted on marginal fields in Nigeria to identify keys issues. These were identified as: funding, technical, and public policy. Considering the complex, competitive and dynamic environment in which these oil and gas companies operate, with competition from renewables, pressure to reduce carbon footprint, low oil price and investors expectation of a good return, companies must maintain tight financial plan, minimize emissions from their operations and focus on efficiency through innovation. The study identifies the need for a decision-making approach that takes into consideration multi criteria such as cost, regulation, quality, technology, security, stakeholders, safety and environment, as important criteria based on which to evaluate the selection of appropriate development option for marginal fields.
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Uche, Chukwunonso, Samuel Esieboma, Jennifer Uche, and Ibrahim Bukar. "Integrated EOR Screening in a Marginal Oil Field Environment." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207135-ms.

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Abstract An evaluation of potential EOR processes applicable in the marginal oil field operation of the Niger Delta region is presented. Technical feasibility, process availability, oil recovery potential, and other uncertainties and risks associated with exploitation of enhanced oil recovery technique in a marginal oil field environment are being assessed. Few Enhanced oil recovery processes, namely polymer flooding, chemical flooding and microbial EOR (MEOR), are considered for possible application in this marginal oil field. The objective of the screening study is to evaluate and rank the EOR options and also select the most attractive method that will have to be further chased to a pilot test stage. Emphasis is strictly on a technical assessment of the incremental oil potential of each of the EOR methods and also identification of critical operational and logistical components of the entire process for their implementation in the offshore operating environment. Recoverable volumes associated with EOR may be significant, but key project development and implementation challenges and extra cost elements must be considered in any EOR forecast for an effective EOR process ranking. Some of these concerns (e.g. Polymer/chemical supply, facilities requirements, and the impact of EOR on reservoir performance and wellbore integrity) may be significant enough to eliminate a method from being considered further and at that point the best EOR option that requires minimal cost exposure for achieving the best recoverable shall be considered. Moreso, there is consideration of the quantity and quality of laboratory data that should support the viability of each EOR process being considered. This paper narrates the state of technical readiness for field implementation of each EOR method and identifies remaining work required to progress EOR process in this marginal oil field.
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Du, Xuehong, and Mitchell M. Tseng. "Characterizing Customer Value for Product Customization." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dfm-8916.

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Abstract Product customization has become an important approach to meet individual customers’ needs. One of major challenges in product customization is to assist customers making informed decisions in terms of the company capability and the value-added by customization. The ramification is not only helping customers selecting the most appropriate products but also helping the company to decide what to design and produce. In this paper, taking into consideration of its diversity, customer value can be measured as the quality utility per unit cost, or the ratio of marginal utility and marginal cost. Customer Value Oriented Product Customization (CVOPC) is developed as a systematic process to quantify the quality utility through guiding customers to make customization choices that reflect the balance of customer-valued quality and cost. A modified conjoint analysis is applied to capture the customer’s utility function of quality in terms of specific product features. A case study of designing module power supplies for a telecommunication system is presented.
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Butkus, Mindaugas, Alma Mačiulytė-Šniukienė, and Kristina Matuzevičiūte. "GROWTH OUTCOMES OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT IN THE EU: THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT QUALITY AND DIMINISHING MARGINAL EFFECTS." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.705.

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The research investigates the impact of transport infrastructure investment (TII) on economic growth. We applied non-linear neoclassical specification to our unbalanced panel data that covers 27 EU countries (Cyprus is ex-cluded due to missing data and the United Kingdom is a part of the sample) for the period of 2000–2019. Our model includes a multiplicative term to evaluate if the government quality mediates the effect of TII on growth. Our research reveals the positive and statistically significant relationship between TII and economic growth but with a diminishing return. Estimation of the government quality as a possible moderator of the effect that TII has on growth shows that control of corruption plays a significant role in the TII-growth nexus. We find that in countries with a low level of con-trol of corruption, TII has a statistically significant negative effect on growth.
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"Variations in Forage Quality of Two Halophyte Species, at Three Phenological Stages in marginal rangelands of Meighan playa, Iran." In International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0615038.

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Reports on the topic "Marginal quality"

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Cai, Yongxia, Christopher M. Wade, Justin S. Baker, Jason P. H. Jones, Gregory S. Latta, Sara B. Ohrel, Shaun A. Ragnauth, and Jared R. Creason. Implications of alternative land conversion cost specifications on projected afforestation potential in the United States. RTI Press, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0057.1811.

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The Forestry and Agriculture Sector Optimization Model with Greenhouse Gases (FASOMGHG) has historically relied on regional average costs of land conversion to simulate land use change across cropland, pasture, rangeland, and forestry. This assumption limits the accuracy of the land conversion estimates by not recognizing spatial heterogeneity in land quality and conversion costs. Using data from Nielsen et al. (2014), we obtained the afforestation cost per county, then estimated nonparametric regional marginal cost functions for land converting land to forestry. These afforestation costs were then incorporated into FASOMGHG. Three different assumptions for land moving into the forest sector were run; constant average conversion cost, static rising marginal costs and dynamic rising marginal cost, in order to assess the implications of alternative land conversion cost assumptions on key outcomes, such as projected forest area and cropland use, carbon sequestration, and forest product output.
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Chambers-Ju, Christopher, Amanda Beatty, and Rezanti Putri Pramana. Exploring the Politics of Expertise:The Indonesian Teachers’ Union and Education Policy, 2005-2020. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/101.

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Research on education politics often uses interest group pressure to explain the policy influence of teachers’ organizations. While acknowledging the power teachers’ unions have to articulate interests and shape labor policy, we explore how a less-studied variable–expertise (or the credibility of the claims they make to expertise)– shapes the policy process. In many low-and middle-income countries, teacher organizations struggle to demonstrate policy expertise and professional competence in core areas related to teaching and learning. Focusing on Indonesia from 2005-2020, we examine how the largest teachers’ organization influenced labor policy but was marginal in debates about professional standards, training, and evaluation due to its limited technical capacity and struggles to propose viable policy alternatives. Expertise is a critical policy input, and it deserves more attention in the education politics subfield. It is central for setting the agenda for policies to improve the quality of education and it has normative value for improving policy design overall.
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Uche, Chidi, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Retrospective Study of Inspectors Competency in the Act of Writing GMP Inspection Report. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317445.

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The research was a retrospective study of twenty-five Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection reports (from March 2017 through to December 2018) of a national medicine regulatory agency, drug Inspectorate, in West Africa, designed to assess the inspectors’ expertise in the act of inspection report writing. The investigation examined a paper-based tool of thirteen pre-registration Inspection reports and twelve GMP reassessment reports written prior and following an intervention program by external GMP trainers to enhance inspectors’ skill in pharmaceutical cGMP inspection. The study made use of quantitative analysis to investigate each team’s expertise in the act of writing GMP inspection report. Likewise, each report’s compliance with the requirements of three regulatory standards on GMP inspection report writing was ascertained. Impact of intervention program on lead inspectors’ competence was assessed. Lastly, gap in each team writing effectiveness, and lead inspectors’ abilities to deliver an effective report were determined. The results showed one of the inspection team (4.0%) wrote an excellent report. Two (8.0%) of the twenty-five inspection teams penned good inspection reports. Eleven (44.0%) teams drafted needs improvement reports and the remaining eleven teams (44.0%) prepared unacceptable reports. The excellent report and the two good reports had report format that meet expectation. One (50.0%) of the good reports showed the authors possess excellent knowledge of cGMP technical areas. The remain good report (50.0%) revealed the writers’ knowledge.as good. The excellent report showed the authors displayed partial mastery in the use of objective evidence while the two good reports disclosed theirs as having partial and evolving abilities. One of the teams (50.0%) that wrote good reports displayed good use of third person narrative past tense in report writing whereas the other team used the same tense and voice excellently. Generally, a sort of marginal level of performance was prominent among the inspection teams. A gap, if not tackled, will slow down regulatory process through increase report review, litigations that query report factual accuracy (AIHO, 2017) and delay in issuance of marketing authorization. In conclusion, trainings on quality attributes, such as technical content (Quality Management System (QMS) and Site), the use of objective evidence, assignment of risk levels to GMP violations and citing of applicable laws, regulation and guidelines that substantiate GMP observations, were recommended, to enhance knowledge sharing and regulators’ performance in the act of writing inspection report.
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Bano, Masooda. The Missing Link: Low-Fee Private Tuition and Education Options for the Poor – The Demand-Side Dynamics in Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/113.

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Low-fee private schools are today recognised as important players in the education market in developing countries, as they are argued to provide at least marginally better education than is on offer in the state schools. Leading international development agencies have begun encouraging governments in developing countries to include them within the policy-planning process. Based on fieldwork in two urban neighbourhoods in Pakistan, this paper shows that low-income parents are keen to secure good-quality education for their children, but they have to choose not only between state schools and low-fee private schools but also from among an array of low-fee tuition providers in their immediate neighbourhood to ensure that the child can cope in class, complete daily homework assignments, and pass exams in order to transition to the next grade. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that whether their child is enrolled in a state school or in a low-fee private school, the parents’ dependence on low-fee tuition providers is absolute: without their services, the child will not progress through the primary grades. Yet the sector remains entirely under-researched. The paper argues for the need to map the scale of this sector, document the household spending on it, and bring it within policy debates, placing it alongside low-fee private schools and state schools in order to provide access to primary education to all and improve the quality of education. At the same time it complicates the existing debates on low-fee private schools, by showing that parents on very low incomes — in this case households where mothers are employed as domestic workers and fathers are in casual employment — find them inaccessible; it also shows that household spending on education needs to take into account not just the charges imposed by low-fee schools, but also the cost of securing religious education, which is equally valued by the parents and is not free, and also the cost of paying the low-fee tuition provider. When all these costs are taken into account, the concerns that low-fee private schools are not truly accessible to the poor gain further traction. The paper also shows that mothers end up bearing the primary burden, having to work to cover the costs of their children’s education, because the core income provided by the father can barely cover the household costs.
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Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani, and R A Stern. Tracing the subsurface sulfur cycle using isotopic and elemental fingerprinting: from the micro to the macro scale. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329789.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic and corrosive gas that commonly occurs in deeply buried sedimentary systems. Understanding its distribution is paramount to creating safe and effective models of H2S occurrence aiding in the identification of high-risk areas. Characterizing subsurface sulfur sources and H2S formation pathways would enhance these models leading to more accurate predictions of potential high H2S regions. However, gaps remain in our understanding of the dominant formation processes and migration pathways of key ingredients for H2S production in the Lower Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Essential to this is assessing the reactants necessary for H2S production, potential pathways for fluid migration, diagenetic history, and changes in redox conditions through time. The Montney Formation has undergone several phases of diagenesis related to post-depositional alteration and multiple cycles of tectonic burial and uplift. Early chemical alteration includes dolomitization and, in some cases, microbial reduction of porewater sulfate to sulfide that occurred prior to significant burial (Davies et al., 1997; Vaisblat et al., 2021; Liseroudi et al., 2020, 2021). The most recent tectonic-related burial during the Laramide Orogeny resulted in burial depths in excess of 3-5 km (Ness, 2001; Ducros et al., 2017) leading to significant thermal and barometric alteration. Associated with this orogenic activity was the reactivation of underlying faults (O'Connell et al., 1990) and development of fractures especially near the deformation front. These fractures provide conduits for fluid migration into the Montney that combined with heat and pressure resulting in hydrocarbon generation, migration, and development of overpressure, notably in the western margin of the basin. In addition, high temperatures resulted in thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) leading to the formation of H2S and subsequently pyrite. We present an interpretation of the Montney subsurface sulfur cycle through the use of petrography, micro- and macro-scale geochemical analysis (isotopic and elemental) to illustrate the complexity of this system. This work relies heavily on previous studies within and outside our research group and incorporates new analytical techniques to expand the toolbox. We aim to guide future research directions and activities by addressing issues related to sampling and data quality issues, analytical approaches, and highlight knowledge gaps.
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PERT prescribing in pancreatic cancer. Dlab, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53764/rpt.a0b1b51c7a.

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Background: Cancer treatments were variably disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite UK national guidelines recommending pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy to all people with unresectable pancreatic cancer, observational studies demonstrate under-prescribing. Aim: To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prescribing of pancreatic enzyme replacement to people with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Methods: With the approval of NHS England, we conducted a cohort study using 24 million health records through the OpenSAFELY-TPP research platform. We modelled prescribing rates from 1st January 2015 to 30th November 2022 and investigated the effect of COVID-19 with multivariable linear regression. Results We found no reduction in pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, since 2015, the rates of prescribing increased steadily over time by 1% every year. The national rates ranged from 41% in 2015 to 50% in 2022. There was substantial regional variation. The highest rates of 50% to 60% were in the West Midlands and lowest (20% to 30%) in London. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic did not affect PERT prescribing in unresectable pancreatic cancer. Although overall rates increased over time, substantial under-prescribing persists. At just under 50% in 2022, the rates were still below the recommended 100% standard. Despite the national guidelines, under-prescribing of PERT continued and has improved only marginally since their publication. This could be an important missed opportunity to reduce morbidity for patients with pancreatic cancer. The research into barriers to prescribing of PERT and geographic variation is urgently needed to improve quality of care.
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RESEARCH PROGRESS ON FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF THE HIGHPERFORMANCE STEEL AND CONNECTION FORMS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.196.

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This paper reviews the current research status of fatigue performance of high-strength steels, introduces the basic theory of fatigue life and current design methods, the fatigue test data of a large number of high-strength steels are statistically collected, and the fatigue properties of high-strength steel base material and different connection structures are analyzed and evaluated. The research results show that high-strength steels with yield strength greater than 420MPa show better fatigue resistance, and the fatigue strength is significantly higher than the calculated value. The design curve of the code is conservative, which underestimates the fatigue resistance of the steel. The fatigue strength of the highstrength steel weld joints is increased by a small margin, and it is in good agreement with the AISC360 and EC3 code curves. Due to the influence of welding quality and welding process, the data is more discrete and requires more test data to support. Fatigue strength of bolted connections is affected by many factors such as bolt preload, friction surface treatment process, and hole formation methods. Studies have shown that AISC360 and BS7608 design curves are suitable for fatigue life analysis of Q460 bolted connections, and for fatigue performance calculations for Q690 steel bolted connections, the normative approach is conservative. With the increasing application of high-strength steels, the current code needs to be supplemented with the latest research results and engineering experience of new materials in a timely manner.
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