Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marchés durables'
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Foncel, Jérôme. "Analyse micro-économétrique des marchés à produits différenciés : application au marché des téléphones grand public en France." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10014.
Full textThis thesis develops a procedure to analyse differentiated product markets and provides an application to the market of household telephone equipment in France. We construct a structural microeconomic model that takes into account the main features of the market under study. An empirical analysis is then provided with the help of econometric tools. In the first part we describe the market under study and the available data. In the second part a survey of the literature is done in order to stress on the pros and cons of the approaches already used. In the last part, we set the economic and econometric framework and provide empirical results on the functioning of the market under study
Charouli, Angeliki. "Les considérations sociales et environnementales dans la passation des marchés publics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010257.
Full textAs a fundamental driving force of public economy, public procurement has traditionally been an area of diverse and often competing interests. Such contradictory interests are the efficiency of budgetary management and transparency in public life within national legal systems, free competition and open access of financial stakeholders in award procedures within the European regulatory framework. At the same time, the instrumentalisation of public procurement in order to serve political goals not directly linked to it has triggered considerable debate. The attempt of conciliation of social and environmental considerations with the financial requirements of public procurement law aims at enhancing this legal and financial instrument. The role and the legal means for the integration of social and environmental considerations in public procurement, which serve general interest purposes and overriding European law objectives, have not yet been clarified. The regulatory interventions of the Member States, on the one hand, and the harmonization attempts of the European Union, on the other, create a constantly changing political climate. In that context, the role of social and environmental policies is redefined both within the framework of primary objectives of public procurement law, as well as outside this regulatory framework which is used as a policy tool in this context
Charouli, Angeliki. "Les considérations sociales et environnementales dans la passation des marchés publics." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010259.
Full textStephens, Raphaël. "Circuits alimentaires alternatifs et transition du régime de "provision". Etude sociotechnique dans le contexte francilien." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IAVF0002.
Full textCan the food system change ? As they formulate criticisms toward the regime which dominates food provision, alternative phenomena have, for over twenty years now, suggested that the sustainability, quality, and transparency of food provisioning could improve by shortening relations between producers and consumers. The discourses, practices, and innovations of such Alternative Food Networks (“AFN”) generate, through multiple oppositions to the industrial food provision regime, frictions among the latter. Having witnessed spectacular developments these past few years bringing quite a heterogeneous variety of AFN to the fore, this regime has begun to undergo a series of internal questionings and takes on local food. The theorization of these frictions can benefit advantageously from the Multi Level Perspective (“MLP”), a theoretical and methodological framework for research in transitions studies, which enables an evolutionist read on sociotechnical regimes, in particular regarding their relations with alternative, innovative niches. With the help of robust sociohistoric analysis and fieldwork, it then becomes possible to reflect upon the modalities which could bring about a food provision regime transition through the shortening of links between producers and eaters.The thesis thus proposes two analytical foci: the food provision regime; and Alternative Food Networks. It calls upon a composite methodology to address data which are very heterogeneous in nature and stem from distributed empirical fields: discourse analysis through lexicometrics, the analysis of digital traces, the study of institutional displays, in-depth interviews, and ethnography-inspired observations. Aiming at meso-level theorizations, the thesis targets – as they question themselves on local food issues – key actors representative of several competencies, which fulfill major functions in the provision regime: retail; fruit and vegetable supply; institutional food fairs. The alternative objects report, through their study, a multiplicity of forms of existence. Because these alternatives are partially intertwined with certain devices from the dominant regime, this leads the thesis toward the in-depth study of one of these AFN, which is very particular in that (i) its architecture stems from a hybrid between food alternatives and digital-material networks enabled through technological platforms, and (ii) the dataset which it offers is of unusually high standard.Through this distributed empirical approach, the thesis contributes to the characterization of a transition toward a digital-material provision regime based on prosumption through transparent customization. Dating the regime’s inflection point to the late 2000s, the conjunction of a crisis in the provision model with the explosion of digital flows as well as the continuous expansion of claims and practices in the realm of alternatives, appear to be able to quicken the pace of a transition pathway through a reconfiguration of the regime. The premise of this reconfiguration manifests itself through multiple evolutions in discourse which can be scrutinized within the regime, as well as the incorporation and the redisplay, in the realm of the regime, of alternative phenomena which participate increasingly in the characterization of new priorities which now redefine food specifications, provision practices, and provision flows. The accrued value of food products enriched with new alternative specifications which are conveyed through new virtual and material proximities thus intimate the regime to interrogate itself on the potential offered by the shortening of provision. Bridging three investigative fields (transitions; Alternative Food Networks; prosumption) which are, as of yet, relatively disconnected, the thesis thus opens research perspectives on the capacities through which such shortened markets may be able to capture the attention of food prosumers who likewise, are very much thriving
Lapoire, Mireille. "Travail temporaire, marché durable : le travail intérimaire en France." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DENS0024.
Full textThere was a fairly steady increase in temporary agency work (TAW) in France between 1972 and 2004, whereas that work was strictly regulated by rules that remained unchanged. This doctoral thesis aims at accounting for this a priori paradoxical increase. The research is based upon multilevel, strategic and systemic studies. The behaviours of individuals who are involved in the TAW system and in a similar social network were observed : temporary workers, user firms, temporary work agencies, and agents of public services who belong to 8 segments of the labour market connected to 4 sectors - logistics, transportation, architecture and call centres. The contexts of their action, employment, economic and judicial situations were examined within several conceptual frameworks : sociologies of work, employment, market and law, economic and financial analyses. Thus, the legal constraints, the high cost of TAW for workers, users and agencies and the unpredictability of their behaviours, which at first sight seemed to interfère with the development of TAW, were thoroughly analysed ; they can accotait for the way the transactions between these individuals, developed and lasted. These elements turn out to be the very conditions for this collective gaine. More legally bound and controlled than the others, the agencies know how to control their constraints and those of theirs "partners". They also manage to turn them into resources, to make temporary workers and users dependent, even though the latter seem to be a priori free. They finally manage to share out the costs of those transactions. They transfer part of the costs to the 3 main parties of the TAW system and the rest to other parties
Cantillon, Guillaume. "Concurrence et objectifs de politiques publiques en droit des marchés publics : le droit des marchés publics et la régulation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010279.
Full textWith the adoption of the new EU Public Procurement Directives there ends a cycle of about fifteen years which have seen the competitive objective assigned to the procurement contracts law being both strengthened by the competition principle and completed by public policies objectives. Doubly instrumentalized by these two series of objectives, procurement contracts have become one of the public authorities' tools for establishing an optimal balance between competition and social or environmental objectives in the economy. A balance that the market is not itself able to produce. It follows that the deregulating public service theory is strongly discussed there. The public sector bas not disappeared for the benefit of the private market but follows new paths in order to foster a balance between competition and other objectives of general interest. And finally, finding this balance is a political issue. That is why, if the the coming together of competition and public policies in procurement contracts needs the buyers and the judge the use of economic tools rooted in competition law, it also and maybe principally calls for a new public procurement contracts govemance in order to defi.ne a public procurement policy
Medzegue, M'akuè Joël-Jadot. "Développement durable et marché de l’Information scientifique et technique au Gabon." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083645.
Full textAt the beginning of this century, sustainable development became one of the collective concerns. This is why the study of the couple STI/NICT from the point of view of this development proves to be from now on one of the priority challenges for developing countries. This is because, whereas economic, social and cultural development in the North was mainly carried out while taking into account STI in most of the situations, it is recognized that poverty in the South is mainly a result of lack of decision and action information which accentuates under-development. However, so that decisions can be taken on the basis of reliable information, it is necessary to not only be concerned by its quality, quantity, availability, but by adequacy to problems encountered as well while bearing in mind that need for information is real on all levels of decision or action and for all the individuals. Thus, what is the place of STI/NICT in the service of sustainable development in Gabon ? What about STI local market? These questions, which calls on others, are studied in this work, especially the relationship between STI and sustainable development, STI and sustainable education, STI and sustainable health, NICT contribution. Lastly, proposals for a dynamic local market are outlined
Reis, Patrice. "Concurrence entravée et concurrence excessive : Liberté d'accès au marché et le développement durable." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735835.
Full textChemarin, Sophie. "Analyse critique de la gestion des nouveaux risques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0036.
Full textAcosta, Raphael. "Développement durable et marchés émergents : le cas de l'ISR en Afrique du Sud, au Brésil et en Inde." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD013/document.
Full textAccording to traditional financial theory, markets are deemed efficient and investors rational. They base the choice of their portfolios on well-defined financial parameters, following their own risk aversion. With the development of socially responsible investments (SRIs) in the middle of the 90s, a vast domain of research became available when selectingone’s portfolio. Indeed, investors integrate new elements which are out of the financial scope to their strategy of portfolio management, thus diverging from the traditional financial theory. The birth and development of this new type of investments has triggered the scientific community’s enthusiasm with more and more academic publications being written on the matter. Research has mostly tackled SRIs related to the main western marketplaces withdiverging results. The objective of this thesis is to deepen the analysis of the financial behavior of these funds and socially responsible indicators from three emerging markets – South-Africa, Brazil and India – while taking into consideration the risks specific to thesemarketplaces and funds, and to appreciate their interest in terms of internationaldiversification of portfolios.This thesis is divided into four independent sections which follow a certain logic in writing and composition in order to answer our questions in the best way possible. The two first sections will introduce the subject and domain of this research. They will mostly deal with the theoretical aspect in order to conceptualize the research’s subject and put it into context. The two following sections will focus on empirical analysis. SRIs will be analyzed as pure financial performances, but also as vectors of diversification for portfolios which is, to our knowledge, relatively absent from academic publications. Moreover, two scales were used for space and time, dividing the research according to the different phases of the 2008financial crisis and by analyzing performances following local and international dimensions. On the theoretical aspect, this study brings new elements concerning the comprehension of SRIs in a cross-cultural context, by questioning ethical perception, resulting financial strategies, and their economic impact. The empirical results have shown the financial interest for SRIs in these three markets in terms of performance and diversification of portfolios, from both a domestic and an international point of view
Na teoria financeira clássica, os mercados são supostamente eficientes e osinvestidores supostamente racionais. Esses últimos selecionam suas carteiras de açõesbaseando-se em parâmetros financeiros definidos em função do seu sentimento de aversão aorisco. Com o desenvolvimento do Investimento Socialmente Responsável (ISR), meados dosanos 90, abriu-se um vasto campo de pesquisa em seleção de carteiras de ações. De fato, osinvestidores integram dados extra-financeiros na elaboração de suas estratégias de gestão dascarteiras de ações, rompendo, assim, com a teoria financeira clássica. O desenvolvimento desse novo tipo de investimento entusiasmou a comunidadecientífica e multiplicaram-se as publicações acadêmicas. As pesquisas concentraram-se nasperformances dos ISR nos grandes mercados financeiros ocidentais, obtendo-se entretantoresultados divergentes. O objetivo dessa tese é aprofundar a análise do comportamentofinanceiro dos fundos e índices SR nos mercados emergentes – África do Sul, Brasil e Índia –levando em conta seus riscos específicos e apreciar o seu interesse no que concerne adiversificação internacional das carteiras de ações.Nossa tese compõe-se de quatro capítulos independentes seguindo uma lógica deredação e composição afim de responder da melhor forma possível as questões da pesquisa.Os dois primeiros capítulos introduzem o objeto do campo de pesquisa. Eles apresentam uminteresse essencialmente teórico para conceituar o objeto da pesquisa e contextualizar o seucampo de aplicação. Os dois últimos capítulos são consagrados as análises empíricas. Os ISR sãoanalisados como objetos de performances financeiras puras e também como vetores dediversificação das carteiras de ações, o que, a nosso conhecimento, ainda é relativamenteausente das publicações acadêmicas. Por outro lado, duas escalas de tempo e espaço foramcruzadas dividindo a pesquisa segundo as diferentes fases da crise financeira de 2008 eanalisando as performances a nível local e internacional.No campo teórico esse estudo traz novos elementos para a compreensão dos ISRdentro de uma visão intercultural, questionando a percepção da ética, as estratégiasfinanceiras resultantes e seus impactos econômicos. Os resultados das análises empíricasdemonstraram o interesse financeiro dos ISR nos três mercados em termos de performances ede diversificação tanto no nível nacional que internacional
Gallez, Caroline. "Modèles de projection à long terme de la structure du parc et du marché de l'automobile." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010055.
Full textThis thesis aims at formalizing a new approach for long term forecasting of the structure of the private car fleet and the car market. The particular application studied here concerns the french household car fleet and the car market with a time horizon of 2010. The main results center on the following three themes : forecasts of the rate of vehicle per adult, motorizatioin and multi-motorization ; disaggregation of these figures according to factors such as vehicle type, age, and fuel type explaining car use ; calculation of car survival functions differenciated between the same structuring variables (vehicle and fuel type), which permit an assessment of car demand and of the diffusion rate of new vehicles or innovation into the car fleet. We first present a critical revue of thedynamic demand analysis and of the existing models for car fleet forecasting. Next, we introduce our demographic approach, based on the same longitudinal analysis as recent developments with regard to pseudo-panels. This highlights, in particular, the dynamic effects related to diffusion process, demographic factors and income. Two models have been developped : the first is applied to car ownership bahavior of successive generations ; the second concerns the rate of renewal of cohorts of vehicles according to car survival functions
Valin, Hugo. "Changements d'usage des sols, marchés agricoles et environnement." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0011/document.
Full textLand use change is estimated to have generated 17% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in the 2000s, a large part coming from deforestation. The main driver of these emissions is expansion of agricultural activities, for the need of local development in tropical regions. However, they have also been caused by the dynamics of globalisation which has stimulated agricultural trade flows. Thus, today, there are new concerns with respect to how agricultural policies are influencing land use changes in other parts of the world through international market responses. In this work I consider three concrete illustrations of where these effects can be of significant magnitude: i) agriculture intensification in developing countries, ii) trade agreements, and iii) biofuel policies. I find that for each of these policies, market responses are likely to play a significant role in the final greenhouse gas emission balance. Mitigation of emissions through agricultural intensification could have quite beneficial outcomes, but the rebound effect on the demand side would offset a large part of greenhouse gas emission savings attributable to the land sparing effect. With the example of a possible EU-MERCOSUR trade agreement, I also show the adverse effect of liberalising certain specific agricultural products closely connected to land use change dynamics without adequate accompanying measures. Last, the indirect land use change effect of biofuels is likely to offset a large part of their alleged GHG emission savings. Land use change responses depend on many behavioural parameters, however, and providing precise estimates constitutes a challenge. I use different modelling approaches to quantify their magnitude and extensively explore the level of confidence on the basis of current state of econometric findings.New approaches should be elaborated to take account of this externality in public policy assessments, together with an appropriate consideration of the uncertainty ranges associated with these effects
Camozzi, Armel. "Recherche sur les contrats de la commande publique à objet de développement durable : contribution à l'évolution du droit de la commande publique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1031.
Full textPublic procurement and contribution to sustainability come, seemingly, from two distinct logics. On one hand, public markets function to meet the needs of public citizens. On the other hand, contribution to sustainability is traditionally dependent on legal, and not contractual, acts. However, public citizens increasingly use public procurement contracts to affect public policy on sustainability.This research identifies this phenomenon and shows that these contracts relating to sustainability are similar to a modification of the function of public procurement. Subsequently, they become instruments of environmental and social action for public citizens. This major change in the function of public buying is reinforced by the communal directives on public markets dated 26th of February 2014 and is recorded in the renewed definition of the domestic market. The success of this evolution necessarily implies a need for it to be accompanied by a legal reform in order for the complete efficiency of this opening up of public procurement to sustainability policies to be reached. Furthermore, this research will show that this regeneration of public procurement goes further than sustainability and reaches more widely into the sphere of other public policies. The whole body of public procurement law is as such affected
Rubino, Roberta. "Au-delà du don et du marché : produire du coton biologique au Mali entre commerce équitable et développement durable." Paris, EHESS, 2013. https://eu02.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/uresolver/33PUDB_IEP/openurl?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&portfolio_pid=5364193810004675&Force_direct=true.
Full textThis thesis was conceived as a double ethnographie concerning both the study of a promotion program of organic and fair cotton production in Mali and the critical analysis of the devices which settle and structure the international NGO of development, in charge of its implementation. The reconstruction of the chaine of production of organic and fair cotton in Mali noptice that the fair trade was not itself a practice of alternative development. To the contrary, beyond its specific contents, its strongly ideological formal structure answered to the characteristics, and thus the limits, of all other development projects of modern type. Furthermore, analyzing criteria of fair trade we acknowledged that the trade would never be fair due to the gift it contains. In the progress of the program, the NGO appeared as an institution endowed with a flexible and natural tendency to adapt itself and welcome changes before they turn into conflict. In concomitance, various techniques of power are implemented in order to excercise a control on and limit these non-governmental people, and the experiences of which they are made observers. Inj the inside, a series of mechanisms concerning the organisation of the work "at the tools" to make it aim at the reorganisation eiter social or cultural significats which are attributes to the experience. To this internal shape of control ajutent other, outer, locable in the devices which constantly watch, judge and thus legitimize the existance of the NGO
Maudet, Guillaume. "La protection de la biodiversité par la création d'un marché des ressources génétiques : la bioprospection en question." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32006.
Full textNowadays biodiversity protection is one of the major purposes of sustainable development. At the origin of biodiversity decline human activity of overexploitation and conversion of natural areas can be found. Facing this problem, the present work aims at showing that the creation of genetic market between pharmaceutical enterprises and individuals from developing countries can be a solution to protect biodiversity. Price equilibrium, high enough to overcome opportunity costs bearing by landowners, can be found. In this context, institutions have a key role to play in achieving this equilibrium. Solutions based on the analysis of institutional parameters have been found to fight against transaction costs and overexploitation in order to increase transaction opportunities and so to protect biodiversity
Zhou, Le. "Les voies de l’autonomisation des femmes en zone rurale : modes d’organisation et d’action pour l’accès au marché dans la province du Ningxia, Chine." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090042.
Full textThe present research focuses on the actions of empowering rural women through their own cooperative to help them enter the modern market in Ningxia province in China. We investigated the relevance of these actions according to the vision of the women who are involved . Beyond these actions , we have extended our discussions in the two dimensions of the concept of the Subject - subjectivity and responsibility - and we have thus discussed the viability of the ways to empower rural women. Following the analysis of interactions between rural women and their external environment , we conclude the responsible participation of all social actors and the respect of the subjectivity of each, with the aim of the true empowerment of rural women, and also try to establish a model that can be replicated for sustainable development
Sok, Bovy. "Commerce équitable, développement durable : approche juridique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00853402.
Full textCamozzi, Armel. "Recherche sur les contrats de la commande publique à objet de développement durable : contribution à l'évolution du droit de la commande publique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1031.
Full textPublic procurement and contribution to sustainability come, seemingly, from two distinct logics. On one hand, public markets function to meet the needs of public citizens. On the other hand, contribution to sustainability is traditionally dependent on legal, and not contractual, acts. However, public citizens increasingly use public procurement contracts to affect public policy on sustainability.This research identifies this phenomenon and shows that these contracts relating to sustainability are similar to a modification of the function of public procurement. Subsequently, they become instruments of environmental and social action for public citizens. This major change in the function of public buying is reinforced by the communal directives on public markets dated 26th of February 2014 and is recorded in the renewed definition of the domestic market. The success of this evolution necessarily implies a need for it to be accompanied by a legal reform in order for the complete efficiency of this opening up of public procurement to sustainability policies to be reached. Furthermore, this research will show that this regeneration of public procurement goes further than sustainability and reaches more widely into the sphere of other public policies. The whole body of public procurement law is as such affected
Shen, Xin. "L’aménagement durable, un enjeu pour la santé publique : la position de la France dans le monde." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1039/document.
Full textWhen we think about health, the first topic coming to mind is medical professionals, hospitals and clinics that treat the disease. We do not bind up urban planners together with public health concerns. But what if the planners are invited to contribute to preventive medicine? How to adopt urban plan strategies that lead to healthier lifestyles ? Since the combined actions of public health and urban planning fought against epidemics and improved living conditions in crowded cities of the late 19th century, the two disciplines have been both separated from each other. If medical profession and urban planners share similar tenets and strive towards the same goals, their methodological approaches are different. However, decades later, the two disciplines have to be reunited to address new epidemics such as chronic diseases (asthma, allergies), as well as cancers, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, diabetes and obesity, which seem related to pollution (air, water, soil) and physical inactivity. If sustainable development has focused on preserving the environment, it has neglected the challenges facing underprivileged population. The territorial inequality worsens in terms of public health. The growing trend of certification and standardization in sustainable development can be seen as an opportunity to promote public health resilience. Should collaborations between public health professionals and planners encourage the approximation of their strategies
Allal, Samir. "La maitrise de l'énergie : fondements théoriques et nouveaux paradigmes pour un développement soutenable." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100115.
Full textThe importance of the sustainable development stake largely justify that all the states set on place active energy efficiency policies inside the market blindness and actors strategies blindness towards long term, environmental externalities (greenhouse effects,. . . ) And exhaustible resources exhaustion. The stake today is not only dependence reduction behind associated geopolitical and macro-economic risks, such as in the origin, but also limitation of global pollution risks and creation of equitable development conditions in the long term towards developing countries by pushing back resources and global environment tensions. The energy consumption prospective desegregated methods, with an explicit representation of the technics consumption's let appear important economic working means. The existence of such means is strengthened by the disconnection between the energetic growth and the economic growth after the first oil crisis, beyond the structural industrial evolution phenomena. The experience of 20 years ago in the field of energy efficiency enables to specify the miscellaneous action means to set on place. In opposition to energy production, multiple actors are generally concerned. The consequence is the existence of very important obstacles (motivation, information, capitals,) to the behavior modification, to the equipment improving and the diffusion of new economic technics. These means of actions (regulation, information, instigation, technological policy, coordinator institution. . . ) don’t appear exclusive all together, but a particular treatment must be given to each kind of usage and technics to take into account the specificity of each situation
Dias, Botelho Róber. "Le Design automobile face aux défis de la globalisation et du développement durable : à la recherche de nouveaux paradigmes." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961215.
Full textBédard, Marc-Olivier. "Conditions pour une gestion en commun des ressources forestières : entre les communautés, l'État et les marchés, construire de nouveaux communs." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6614.
Full textBuclet, Benjamin. "Le marché international de la solidarité : les organisations non gouvernementales en Amazonie Brésilienne." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0113.
Full textIn the Brazilian Amazonia, NGOs (non-governmental organizations) epitomize the social dynamics that characterize the region. They offer a forum for the expression of strong local identities, they are mediators between the population and public authorities and they are the local embodiment of social-ecological international concerns. However, although NGOs propose an alternative model of development and their projects may plant the seeds of innovative forms of social management, they are embedded in a social system that is imbued with traditional forms of domination. The growth of the "third sector" encouraged by government and market forces alike, evokes the question of NGOs' legitimacy, which in the absence of true democratic representation, is essentially based on their capacity to mobilize certain social groups and negoctiate with public authorities. Based on the observation of the modus operandi and fiels acitivies of NGOs in eastern Brazilian Amazonia, this thesis analyzes how their existence influences the handing of current social issues
Chene-Sanogo, Alima. "Enjeux fonciers et développement "durable" au Mali." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839314.
Full textGlérant-Glikson, Armelle. "Évolution de l'élasticité de la demande de biens durables aux éléments du marketing-mix au cours des phases du cycle de vie des produits : une application au marché automobile français." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090041.
Full textThe aim is to test Mikwitz's hypotheses concerning the elasticity of demand as the elements of the marketing-mix vary along the product life cycle. Up to now, these hypotheses have been applied to consumer goods, but here they will be applied to the automobile market. Tests were therefore carried out on some thirty vehicles on the French market from 1980 to 1989. The elasticities of demand were calculated using multiple regression analysis. This showed that automobile sales are influenced by three or four variables during each phase. The sensibility in demand of the perceived quality was thus seen to be at its maximum during the launch and growth phases. Moreover, the elasticity is significant during the phases of maturity and decline. The influence of advertising, measured by cumulated advertising expenditure, reach its maximum during the launch phase and declines during the maturity phase. During a product's decline, elasticity increases significantly as a result of promotions. The influence of both the perceived proximity of points of sales and the quality of reception and service are significant all through the product life cycle
Babilotte, Ingrid. "Le marché de la bicyclette en France de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010506.
Full textBécour, Jean-Charles. "Des facteurs de survie durable de l'entreprise multinationale : l'apport de la notion de club : étude exploratrice." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/afe1fa17-122f-454d-9631-5f63f0e81b88.
Full textWeider-Navascues, Ruth. "La quête du blanc : le marché des produits lessiviels en France de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010586.
Full textMangold, Marie. "Pour une sociologie de la "maison durable" : entre production d'une offre techno-centrée et vécu des habitants : projets et acteurs dans les espaces périurbains en Alsace." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG051.
Full textIn the early twenty-first century, “sustainable housing” has become a popular catchword, and its goals are increasingly being embraced in the housing sector. This new context calls for analysing the interactions between housing and environment, especially insofar as they relate to the urban phenomenon and its evolutions. This PhD in sociology adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective (branching out into urbanism, planning and ethnology) in its empirical examination of the construction of individual houses in the Alsace region of France, that take into consideration energy performance and the use so-called “ecological” materials, especially in peri-urban areas.The PhD pursued two main goals. First, based on a study of regional architects and builders, and in light of the evolution of legal frameworks and national real estate markets, it analyses the modalities of production of techno-centric “sustainable houses” that reflect the demands of environmental policies in terms of energy efficiency. Second, based on ethnographical approach and on the characterization of the trajectories of households, it looks into the experiences of residents, their appropriation of the “sustainable houses” and lifestyles. The PhD ultimately offers crosscutting insights into the impact of calls for energy sobriety and individual responsibility by reconsidering the “sustainable house” model and its effects on social and spatial inequalities
Haziza, Johan. "Employabilité, sélectivité et chômage de longue durée : Analyses théoriques et empiriques des mécanismes explicatifs d'insertion dans une période de chômage durable." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0031.
Full textThis dissertation seeks to identify the employability determinants of long term unemployed individuals. That is to say to evaluate the different factors affecting significantly the probability of exit unemployment. Long term unemployment identifies a person looking for employment in a continuous way for more than a year. It and takes the form of a vicious phenomenon. It seems to be self generating once it has taken root since the longer the unemployment spell, the lower the exit probability from unemployment. Our work is based upon a dual approach. The microeconomic one evaluates the role of economic agents (both unemployed individuals and firms) in the failure of a long-lasting matching process. The macroeconomic approach stresses the incidence of macroeconomic performances and the institutional framework regulating the labour market at the unemployment level and its duration. Our work is constantly distinguished by the will to assess the outcomes of those two approaches. This takes place while examining the robustness of the theoretical assumptions underpinning them, with constant comparison to observations as given by empirical research
Blanchet, Vivien. "Le commerce équitable à l'épreuve de la mode : Le rôle de la critique dans la formation des marchés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018494.
Full textOgonowska, Malgorzata. "Re-intermédiation et stratégies de prix dans le secteur du tourisme." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0037.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis focuses on tourism products pricing and quality evolution. The first part considers the impacts of ICT development on distribution channels, intermediation and pricing strategies. The first chapter identifies and analyzes prevailing distribution and pricing strategies. The focus is made on dynamic pricing models. Then, the second chapter focuses on alternative distribution channels, namely the innovative strategies of opaque selling. It analyzes the case of an intermediary in a situation of monopoly facing heterogeneous demand. Model results depend on consumers’ uncertainty levels. We find that when information is complete, the combination of opaque channelsis not profitable for the monopoly. On the opposite, in case of incomplete information, joint implementation of both systems provides the best results. The second part considers the influence of increasing environmental awareness on the quality of tourism products. In the third chapter, by adapting a demand-driven approach, in context of monopoly, and then duopoly, we explain the role of the industry in the adoption of environmental sustainability norms. We show, how sustainable tourism products emerge, evolve, and may even eliminate traditional products. Then, in the fourth chapter, based on the same theoretical core, we include another aspect of sustainability, which concerns interactions with local population. We consider how a population ofresidents influences the adoption of environmental norms. We show that taking into account residents’ actions leads the service provider to reduce its offer, and in most cases, to choose the sustainable solution
Lasmothey, Kossi Biova Placide. "Analyse environnementaliste du droit de la commande publique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2022_0282_LASMOTHEY.pdf.
Full textThe principle of neutrality of public procurement law is dead, long live the instrumentalization of public procurement law for environmental purposes! Such is the general observation made by our research which offers a full, meticulous and methodical environmentalist analysis of public procurement law. Obviously, by a theoretical-practical analysis, it is observed that in the current state of administrative contractual practice, despite the seductive modernism induced by the insertion of ecological considerations, the obstinate conservatism due to the economic preference of the contracting authorities, still showing a deep reluctance to fully use the environmental potential of public procurement contracts. However, there is no reason to be pessimistic, because the evolution of the legislative framework allows to hope and to breathe new and more effective environmental dynamics into public procurement Law and contractual practice
Mackillop, Fionn. "Vers une gestion de l'eau plus "durable"? Les enjeux des mutations de la gestion de l'eau et du foncier dans la métropole de Los Angeles." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196173.
Full textZhang, Yun Jie. "Modèle de croissance, mutation de l'avantage comparatif et changement structurel : le cas de la République de Corée." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0024.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the explanatory factors which contribute to the economic take-off of some Asian economies with the help of the example of South Korea. We have found that the following elements play an very important role in their development process: a policy of export promotion in association with a selective protection of domestic market, a mobilization of both external resources (aids, foreign borrowing) and internal resources (savings, labor. . . ) Which are necessary to development. Finally, we notice also that the intervention of government is rather frequent in order to help the economy to advance in a more or less artificial way. All these factors have led to a fundamental transformation in the structure of production, employment and foreign trade
Kombila-Mouloungui, Aubin Gildas. "L'arrêt de l'exportation des grumes au Gabon : enjeux et perspectives." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU1063/document.
Full textThe industrialization of the wood industry is one of the major axes of the law 016/01 of 31th of December 2001, on the forest code in the Gabonese Republic. It is considered a way of the diversification of the economy which is a will of the State. Long neglected by the various operators (only 15 to 35% of the logs were processed locally in 2009) due in particular to the inactiveness of the national authorities, it has known for almost ten years, following the measure to ban export logs (order n ° 8/2010), a renewed interest, contributing more to the economic development of the country. Thus, progress is observed in terms of employment, the contribution of the sector to the GDP, as well as the number of processing units, the rate of transformation and the regional or even international influence of the country. The environmental dimension is not left out with the relative progress of legality and traceability of timber brought by forest management and certification. Nonetheless, this activity is not yet overall effective as timber production and tax revenues are still below what was once perceived; likewise, the material yield is far from optimal when compared to that observed in some developed countries. Finally, the quality of certain equipment and employment still shows the efforts that Gabon should put to make its timber industry a sure bet for the country's economy. It is therefore necessary for further measures to be taken, taking into account the sustainability issues of national forest resources
Rotoullié, Jean-Charles. "L'utilisation de la technique de marché en droit de l'environnement. L'exemple du système européen d'échange des quotas d'émission de gaz à effet de serre." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020053.
Full textBy taking the example of the European Union emission trading system, the objective of the present study is to understand the conditions of effectiveness of a specific tool: the market-based instrument. Market-based instrument is defined as a tool of policing aiming at the achievement of a public policy objective (pre-established by public authorities) with the creation of a market, i.e. the organisation of exchanges of “units” between economic operators. This tool is widely used in environmental law. The ex nihilo creation of a market in order to protect the environment must not mislead: the market-based instrument does not lead to a shift from public action to freedom. To the contrary, the effectiveness of the market-based instrument depends on a strong public action. A permanent (i.e. both during the preparation and the implementation of this tool) and multifaceted (i.e. at international, regional and national levels) public intervention is therefore required. The “invisible hand” of the market could only be effective with the “visible hand” of public authorities
Lassus, Saint-Geniès Géraud de. "La prise en compte des aspects économiques du défi climatique dans le régime juridique international du climat." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010272.
Full textTackling climate change is indisputably an economic challenge. It requires a shift towards a new kind of economy Jess dependent on fossil fuel, and capable to protect the interests of future generations. Given that context, it thus appears essential that international climate policies mainly focus on promoting energy transition and maintaining a balanced approach between short-term economic interests and longer-term benefits associated with mitigating climate change. Based on this assumption, the thesis questions the importance granted by members of the UN climate change regime to the need of setting rules that favor a low-carbon growth model and regulate the pursue of immediate national economic interests. Through a detailed analysis of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol and their law-making process, this study first underlines the limited scope of the international tools (such as market mechanisms) specifically designed by member States to promote a low-carbon economy. It also demonstrates that international climate rules ensure to all member States a high level of protection of their national short-term economic interests. Finally, the thesis shows that UN climate cooperation now tends to be characterized by a movement of renationalization of issues related to the promotion of energy transition and the articulation of economic and environmental values
Thubin, Camille. "Le dividende emploi d'une fiscalité écologique." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0084.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the conditions for an employment double divident, i. E. An increase in employment in addition to lower CO2 emissions when a carbon tax is implemented. In the introduction, we introduce our topic in the literature of the double dividend. We aim at justifying the interest of our subject against theories that announce the death of the double dividend. We examine concretely in the second chapter the "possibility frontier" of an employment double dividend, by using labor market theories. We use a computable general equilibrium model designed to analyze the impact of a carbon tax on the macroeconomic performance. The model is described in the first chapter of this thesis. In the third chapter we discuss the connection between the employment double dividend and other dividends of a carbon tax, especially the "competitiveness dividend". The opportunity arises to replace the issue of the employment double dividend in the debate on developed countries' competitiveness. The purpose of the last chapter is to show some dynamic aspects of the employment double dividend related to behavioral responses to uncertainty. We evaluate how taxation can play differently and positively on employment by modifying the risk of hiring
Calvo, Thomas. "Governance, Peace and Security in Sub-Saharan Africa : Microeconomic interaction and impacts Fear of the state in governance surveys? Empirical evidence from African countries Fear Not For Man? Armed conflict and social capital in Mali." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLD009.
Full textThis dissertation in applied development microeconomics centres on Sustainable Development Goal 16 which “promote[s] just, peaceful and inclusive societies”. This work aims at studying the interactions and effects of Governance, Peace and Security through the analysis of first-hand and high-quality household survey data in SubSaharan Africa. It is built around two lines of research. The first line of research is cross-cutting and methodological: it questions the reliability of the data used. Indeed, public organisations, namely National Statistics Offices, administer the surveys and collect information of sensitive nature (dealing with respect of fundamental rights, democracy, corruption among other things). Results show no systematic self-censorship or attenuation bias from adults surveyed by NSOs compared with adults surveyed by independent organisations. We provide evidence of the capacity and legitimacy of government-related organisations to collect data on governance, at much higher levels of precision than other existing data sources. The second line of research focuses on the impacts of violence in two African countries. On the one hand, we study the impacts of political violence on social capital since 2012 in the case of the Malian conflict. The increased association participation in areas exposed to violent events cannot be considered as positive. Indeed, it is observed solely for family and political associations, which are comparatively inward-looking and act as interest groups. We interpret this finding as a form of withdrawal behind group or community boundaries which may exacerbate ethnic divisions and deepen the conflict. On the other hand, I study how workers of the informal labour market cope with criminal violence in Madagascar. Although victims of criminality seem not to adopt different behaviours on the labour market, the fear of crime impact productivity negatively, particularly in the agricultural sector. Fearful workers become more vulnerable to shock occurrence. Adults’ fear of criminal violence also channels to under 15 household members whose participation on the labour market increases
Debourdeau, Ariane. "PRENDRE EN COMPTE L'ENVIRONNEMENT DANS LA SPHERE DU PRODUIRE. Normalisation par les dispositifs socio-techniques en réseau et formes d'engagement environnemental." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818915.
Full textMaignan, Marion. "La construction d'un prix juste au sein d'un système agro-alimentaire alternatif : le cas de la société coopérative d'intérêt collectif alter-Conso." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0103.
Full textThe industrial model of food production, consumption and distribution has been criticised since the seventies in reference to its environmental, social and economical impacts. These critics led to the emergence of a diversity of socio-economic initiatives, engaged in the promotion of a model of agriculture that is more respectful of the planet and its inhabitants, based on new organizational forms and oriented towards fair economic exchange. These alternative food systems refer to a diversity of production methods, including responsible and organic farming, agroecology, permaculture. Alternative food systems generally rely on organisations engaged in a social or solidarity economy : Community supported agriculture, short food supply channels, cooperatives, local fair trade. They reconsider the purpose and terms of economic activity and are driven by a desire to engage in an alternative economy. The question of fairness in exchange, embodied by the will to define a fair price, is of central matter for these initiatives.In this context, this thesis aims at analysing the construction of a fair price within an alternative food system. This system is engaged in a dynamic of local fair trade, and is based on an innovative organizational form. An empirical study has been conducted during three years within the cooperative Alter-Conso. This social cooperative proposes a weekly distribution of local and organic food products, in 14 delivery points in and around the city of Lyon. It puts forward the values and principle of a social and solidarity economy, and brings together into cooperation four categories of members : employees, producers, consumers, supporters. In this sense, economic activity aims primarily at achieving a social and political goal, oriented towards a transformation of agricultural practices and questioning the dominant management practices of economic life. The thesis aims at analysing how the members of the cooperative construct a fair price, considering its social project and its organizational form.The thesis shows that the construction of a fair price articulates three forms of justice : distributive , commutative, and procedural. It shows how the cooperative defines a price definition process that is an alternative to the market price. Indeed, the price construction takes into account the values and social goals of the cooperative, both in the criteria that define a fair price and in the price fixation process. The price construction is based on a discussion among the cooperative’s stakeholders, regardless of the variations of supply and demand. It is constructed on the basis of a lasting, comprehensive and tripartite relationship between the producers, the consumers, and the cooperative employees. The relationship is based on reciprocity and on the recognition of the needs of all the people affected by the exchange
Pacheco, Cruz Natália. "L'analyse de la mise en oeuvre locale du Mécanisme de Développement Propre : le cas de la gestion des déchets solides urbains à Rio de Janeiro." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/8711.
Full textThis current thesis is built on an implementation study of Clean Development Mechanism projects in landfills in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This mechanism allows developing countries to participate in the carbon market through the adoption of technologies that promote GHG emission reductions in their territoiries. According to article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, the CDM adresses the promotion of sustainable development in these countries as a result of the use of more environnemental efficient technologies. Thereby, this study aims to discuss the implementation of the mechanism in landfills, which have been reducing landfill gas emissions produced by the breakdown of biodegradable waste. Based on a critical sociology approach, this analysis focuses on revealing the power relationships hidden behind this socio-political process of adopting a global instrument of GHG emission reduction in the waste treatment sector in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. We have used the elements that compose the notion of “sustainaible development “found in the documents related to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as a starting point for our implementation study. In this degree we have operated concepts such as “ecological practices”; “market” and “environnemental justice” in order to analyse in detail the dynamics created by the CDM implementation in landfills.This analysis points out the influence of the local waste treatment gouvernance in the functioning of this instrument locally. This gouvernance is a reflection of the Brazillian New Developmentalism program. The waste treatment sector in Rio is organized according to the interets of the most powerful actors of the domain. Hence, we have concluded that CDM’s neoliberal traits combined with the local New Developmentalism produce a controversial implementation of the mechanism concerning CDM social-environnemental goals
Esta tese apresenta uma análise sobre a implementação de projetos de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo em aterros sanitários no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O MDL é um instrumento de uma política ambiental internacional coordenada pelas Nações Unidas no âmbito do Protocolo de Kyoto. Este mecanismo permite a participação de países em desenvolvimento no mercado de carbono mundial através de projetos de implantação de tecnologias que reduzem emissões de gases de efeito estufa em diversos setores da economia em seus respectivos territórios. De acordo com o artigo 12 do protocolo, o MDL pretende promover uma trajetória de desenvolvimento sustentável nesses países. Dentro dessa perspectiva, o presente estudo discute os meandros da adoção deste mecanismo em aterros sanitários na metrópole do Rio. Tais projetos MDL empregam a tecnologia de captação do biogás que resulta da decomposição da matéria orgânica dos resíduos. Através do prisma da sociologia crítica, nossa análise procura evidenciar as relações de poder que decorrem do processo sociopolítico de apropriação local deste instrumento global de redução de emissões. Os elementos constitutivos da noção de “desenvolvimento sustentável” presentes nos documentos atrelados à Convenção- Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre a Mudança do Clima serviram como nosso ponto de partida metodológico. Em vista desta escolha metodológica, nós utilizamos os conceitos de ‘ecologisação de práticas’, de ‘mercado’ e de ‘justiça ambiental’ como parâmetros para examinar a dinâmica da aplicação do MDL nos aterros sanitários. Nossa tese defende a premissa de que a organização do setor de tratamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos no Rio de Janeiro é um reflexo do programa neodesenvolvimentista brasileiro. Portanto, a governança local do setor é exclusivamente voltada para satisfazer os interesses econômicos dos atores mais poderosos do ramo. Neste contexto, a tese defende a ideia de que o caráter neoliberal do MDP combinado a este tipo de governança local impede o cumprimento satisfatório dos objetivos socioambientais do mecanismo
Ouro-Bodi, Ouro-Gnaou. "Les Etats et la protection internationale de l'environnement : la question du changement climatique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0228/document.
Full textClimate change has become the scourge environmental concern and mobilizes more theinternational community. The outcome of this mobilization remains probably the implementation ofinternational climate change regime for which the Climate Convention and the Kyoto Protocol are the legalbases. This system is innovative in that it sets quantified emission reduction commitments for greenhouse gasemissions (GHG) for polluters States, but also in that it establishes mechanisms known as of “flexibility”whose implementation is accompanied by a control based on a Committee known as of “compliance”. Butdespite all this normative production, it is regrettable that today the international climate regime is a realfailure. Indeed, if the mobilization of states is no doubt, however, the same states that have voluntarily agreedto engage deliberately refuse to honour their commitments for essentially political, economic and strategicreasons. This work therefore aims to shed light on the causes of this failure by developing a mixed record ofthe first Kyoto commitment ended period in 2012, and offers prospects for a legal regime of the post-Kyotoclimate and efficient, able to be up to the challenges
Royer, Danie. "Résistances sur le marché : discussion sur les enjeux économiques actuels à partir d'une étude sur les entrepreneurs de la consommation responsable au Québec." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5788/1/M13121.pdf.
Full textClericali, Julien. "Finance et développement durable : une union prolifique : étude de la possibilité de création d'un fonds d'investissement « vert » dans la petite économie de marché émergent du Panama." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2318/1/M10986.pdf.
Full textPhilibert, Vincent. "L'agriculture soutenue par la communauté et le développement des communautés rurales en milieux périurbains : le cas de Montréal." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17624.
Full textVézina, Alain. "Les domaines privés : un marché pour habiter le monde contre la nature : la persistance des modes consuméristes d'habiter l'espace en contexte de crise écologique, ou, Le crédit à la démesure de l'agir pour soi." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3668/1/M11562.pdf.
Full textLambert-Pilotte, Geneviève. "Impacts socio-environnementaux de la libéralisation économique au Pérou : étude de deux entreprises minières canadiennes." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1852/1/M9278.pdf.
Full textBruneau, Gabriel. "Trois essais en macroéconomie." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13582.
Full textEconomic fluctuations represent the movements of economic growth. It may experience acceleration phases (expansion) or deceleration (recession), and even depression if the decline in production is persistent. Economic fluctuations are related to differences between actual growth and potential growth. They can be explained by supply and demand shocks, as well as by the credit cycle. In the first case, the conditions of production are modified. This is the case when the price of production factors (wages, raw materials prices) or external factors influencing the price of products (exchange rate) evolve. Thus, an increase in the price of production factors causes a negative shock and slows growth. This slowdown may also be due to a negative demand shock caused by an increase in product prices caused by a currency appreciation, causing a decrease in exports. The second case concerns the financial variables and financial assets. Thus, in a period of expansion, economic agents borrow more and have speculative behaviors in response to anticipated supply and demand shocks. The value of securities and financial assets increases, causing a bubble that eventually burst, causing a collapse in the value of assets. Therefore, economic activity cannot be funded. This is what generates a recession, sometimes profound, as in the recent financial crisis. This thesis includes three essays on macroeconomic fluctuations and economic cycles, specifically on the topics described above. The first chapter deals with expectations about monetary policy and on the reaction of econonomic agents on these expectations. A particular emphasis is placed on the consumption of durable goods and indebtedness related to this type of consumption. The second chapter discusses the influence of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on labour demand in the Canadian manufacturing sector. Finally, the third chapter focuses on spillover, sometimes negative, of the real estate market on household consumption and the impact on property prices and household debt of demand expectations in the property market. The first chapter, entitled ``Monetary Policy News Shocks and Durable Consumption'', provides insight on the link between durable goods spending and monetary policy news shocks. We propose and implement a new approach to identifying news shocks about future monetary policy. News shocks are identified recursively from the residuals of a monetary policy rule estimated using U.S. multi-horizon survey data. We then use those inferred news shocks in a structural VAR (SVAR). An expected monetary policy tightening leads to an increase in output, non-durable and durable goods consumption, and real price of durable goods. Although news shocks account for a significant fraction of output and consumption fluctuations, they contribute less than surprise shocks to economic fluctuations. We then carry out theoretical analysis using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with durable goods and nominal rigidities. Results indicate that a model with sticky durable goods price can reproduce the positive correlation between the response functions of durable and non-durable goods consumption to policy news shocks that was found from the SVAR. The second chapter is entitled ``Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Labour Market Adjustments in Canadian Manufacturing Industries''. In this chapter, we estimate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on hours worked and jobs in Canadian manufacturing industries. The analysis is based on a dynamic model of labour demand and the econometric strategy employs a panel two-step approach for cointegrating regressions. Our data is drawn from a panel of 20 manufacturing industries, from Statistics Canada's KLEMS database, and covers a long sample period that includes two full exchange rate appreciation and depreciation cycles. We find that exchange rate fluctuations have economically and statistically significant effects on the labour decisions of Canadian manufacturing employers, and that these effects are stronger for trade-oriented industries. Finally, the last chapter, entitled ``Housing Market Dynamics and Macroprudential Policy'', studies the statistical evidence suggesting a collateral link between the housing market and the rest of the economy and if the link is more demand- or supply-driven. We also followed the \textit{news shocks} literature and look if a housing-market boom-bust can arise endogenously following unrealized expectations of a rise in housing demand. To this end, we construct a New Keynesian model in which a fraction of households borrow against the value of their houses. We estimate the model with Canadian data using Bayesian methods. We assessed the model's ability to capture key features of consumption and house price data. Finally, we performed an analysis to determine how well the introduction of a countercyclical loan-to-value (LTV) ratio can reduced household indebtedness and housing price fluctuations compare to a monetary policy rule augmented with house price inflation. We find statistical evidence suggesting an important collateral link between the housing market and the rest of the economy, and this link is mainly driven by demand factors. We also find that the introduction of news shocks can generate a housing market boom-bust cycle, the bust following unrealized expectations on housing demand. Finally, our study also suggests that a countercyclical loan-to-value ratio is a useful policy to reduce the spillover from housing market to consumption via the collateral value.