Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Marchés de défense ou de sécurité'
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Marie, Quentin. "Marchés de défense ou de sécurité ˸ entre marchés publics et politiques publiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASH016.
Full textAre defence or security contracts (DSC) like public procurement? What is the impact of their strong regalian dimension and the public policies they can help to achieve? Are their nature (Part 1) and their regime (Part 2) above all those of public procurement, or does their ‘public policies' dimension take precedence? To answer these questions, it must be said that for a long time, defence procurement was awarded according to national procedures, most often without any logic of transparency. Since the adoption of Directive 2009/81/EC, defence and security purchases have in principle been subject to EU-wide advertising and competitive tendering requirements. Despite their specific characteristics, these purchases constitute the archetypal public procurement contract. Defence is a sovereign function par excellence, so procurement in this area is particularly ‘public', with very high stakes for sovereignty. In France, defence is a major economic market, particularly in terms of employment, with a clearly positive trade balance. Defence and security procurement also serves national and European defence policy, particularly regarding the objective of developing the European Defence Technological and Industrial Base (EDTIB). They are also affected by all the public policies incorporated into public procurement law, such as sustainable development, innovation and support for SMEs. From this point of view, defence and security purchases are also ‘public policies'. As a result, they are bound to benefit from political developments in public procurement law, developments which constitute one of the most significant changes in this law. DSC are therefore an ideal way of studying the possibilities and limits of using defence procurement in particular, and public procurement in general, to achieve public policy objectives. In so doing, they provide an opportunity to assess the flexibility of public procurement law and, at the same time, the flexibility of the competitive rationale it promotes. Public procurement law has had to take account of the specific political, economic and technical features of defence and security purchases, and to introduce a tailor-made concept of ‘defence or security contract', which, while strengthening the EDTIB, makes it possible to implement a competitive approach tailored to defence, and therefore more effective. This specific concept of ‘defence or security contract' then triggers the application of a regime that gives concrete form to the instrumentalization of these contracts, both at the stage of their award and during their performance. The advertising and competitive tendering requirements are largely dedicated to considering the specific features of the purchases they govern, and in particular the imperatives of security of supply and security of information. The ‘public policies' dimension of DSC is to be found not only in the fundamental principles and concepts, but also in the more detailed rules governing the award and performance of these contracts. In this way, the use of DSC is based on the flexibility of public procurement law, which makes the interaction between ‘public procurement' and ‘public policies' effective. While respecting the free play of competition, this instrumentalization allows public procurement to fully assume its political dimension. By their very nature and the way they are governed, DSC are an effective combination of public procurement and public policy
Maris, Jean-Barthélémy. "La structuration du marché européen de l'armement." Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10043.
Full textThe structuring of the European armament market should be considered as an additional and important step in European integration and the accomplishment of the internal market. This result is first of all that of the inter-governmental cooperation with regard to armament that has ensured that all the elements necessary for the construction of a European armament market integrated into the internal market were fulfilled. The armament sector is both economic and strategic and it was originally excluded from the Treaty of Rome. The former article 223 TEC (article 346 TFEU) included a clause that allowed the member States to exempt from European Community laws the subject. European cooperation with regard to armament started relatively early outside the community framework but it was only with the creation of the European Union and the common security and defence policy that questions linked to armament could be included within the legal framework of the European Union. The cooperation undertaken in the context of the former second pillar laid down the foundations for the construction of the European armament market. The latter is established through the application of the European market rules in the sector. Through its rulings the Court of Justice supported the Commission in its will to ensure that the rules on the European armament market were applied. Economic and financial reasons were strong arguments for this structuring. The application of these rules initially took place indirectly before the initiation of directives applicable to public defence markets and to transfer of defence products between member states
Soubrier, Emma. "Quelle sécurité pour les « petits Etats-Princes » du Golfe ? Politiques de défense et stratégies d’acquisitions militaires du Qatar et des Emirats arabes unis." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD018.
Full textThis thesis studies the evolving defence policies and military acquisitions of Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from the 1990s onwards. It seeks to assess the role of external and domestic incentives in shaping the survival strategies of these two small Gulf states and to understand why, while they were confronted with apparently similar challenges, they adopted different strategies. While Qatar has favoured its diplomatic influence and essentially guaranteed its security through its partnerships with external powers, the UAE have consolidated their internal security and defence tools while gaining regional and international influence through various channels which often were the same as those chosen by Qatari leaders. The thesis shows that the mutations of the regional context must be articulated with those of the international context to understand the common dynamics in Qatar’s and the UAE’s defence policies and military acquisitions. It then shows that these structural determinants must be articulated with variables at national (territory, demography) and subnational (the Prince’s perception and networks) levels to understand the contrasts between their policies. Finally, the thesis questions the sustainability of the political economy and political sociology of these “small Princes-states” by confronting them to endogenous and exogenous developments which are likely to make them evolve
Fay, Didier. "Défense et sécurité civile en France." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020066.
Full textThe idea of civil defense is not new in france. It builds up one of the three sections of the national defense as it was definite in 1959. It comprise the civil security and the public security. The civil security has to adapt itself to the evolutions of the geostrategic context, to the developement of new technologies and to the increasing knowledge of the natural phenomenons. Abroad, only a few countries have a civil security policy. The results of those policies are varied and the most of the time without any signification. No one of this examples could constitute a model for france because of its geopolitical specificity but there study is full of thaught. If the concept of civil security is not new, it still remains unknown in france and this ignorance is principaly due to the strategic, financial and technical critics that had been advanced in the sixtees, and that some would stil like to soil toe reputation. Those critics have up to now invalidated each debate on the necessity ot develop the civil security in france. But the populations are asking always stronger for a security policy and this brings the authorities to try of find out solutions that could help to the materialization of a concept wich is thirty years old and which legal fondation is trog and has always taken into account the evolution of the risks. The decentralization that began a few years ago has be realised in the part we are interested in by a depth action that associates the mayors, the general councils and the local associations movements. The projet "army 2000" that has a new organization of the national defense constitues, also, the possibility to remake the coordiantion that is necessary between the civil services and organizations that are involved in the civil defense. In fact, what we need is a strong political engagement materialized by a concequent financial effort
Robine, David. "Sécurité des marchés financiers et procédures collectives." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010342.
Full textMaury, Jean-Pierre. "La construction européenne, la sécurité et la défense." Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020197.
Full textAvouris, Dyonissios. "Questions de sécurité et d'économie de la Défense nationale en Grèce." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020034.
Full textThe aim is to locate and analyse all the relations betwenn defense and economy in greece that can present a particular interest for the greek national security. The greek military expenditures are correlated with the greek-turkish dispute. The arms race dynamic caused by this dispute shows that greek military expenditures consist an essential element of an "autonomus" strategic dynamic. The greek-american relations with the american aid demonstrates that the economic factor is thightely involved in greek national security issues. The dependence of the greek national defense from the ability of national economy to provide the necessary ressources for the defense support is a great problem in long term in greece. In a first time economic variable determines the defense possibilities but in "secundo tempo" these two "variables" might be subordinated to strategic genius of human creative spirit
Enos-Attali, Sophie. "Les politiques nationales de sécurité à l'épreuve du changement : analyse comparative de l'évolution des politiques de sécurité de trois "pays neutres" (Autriche, Finlande, Suède)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0012.
Full textThe comparative analysis of Austria’s, Finland’s, and Sweden’s – three small European States with a tradition of neutrality – security policies reveals a convergence towards a hybrid model, which consists both in non-alliance and active participation to the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union and to the Partnership for Peace (PFP) of NATO. Such a smooth evolution reflects an adaptation to the configuration of international relations after the cold war, as well as the entrenchment of neutrality in Austrian, Finnish, and Swedish security identities. This observation leads to qualify the common idea upon which the determination of small states’ security policies would rely mainly on international data. Being a source of flexibility, the governance of the CFSP and the PFP makes the choice of the three countries possible, since it enables them to point out their own preferences while they are influenced by the cognitive frame of the EU and NATO for security matters : exploiting the interactive process of the EU and of the PFP, Vienna, Helsinki and Stockholm have managed to find a golden mean between the constraints of the new international security order and their deep attachment to the principle of non-participation to military alliances. Such an impact of the CFSP and of the PFP on the national security policies of the countries that take part to them shows that integovernmentalism is not necessary a brake upon the deepening of integration within these institutions
Addih, Abderrahman. "Effets économiques et financiers des dépenses de défense-sécurité marocaines." Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090059.
Full textLederer, Lakhdar Karim Pierre, and Jean-Jacques Patry. "Quelles alliances occidentales de défense pour le concept français de pôle ouest-européen de sécurité et de défense ?" Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020134.
Full textThe french initiative of the "western european pole of security and defense" is aiming at to promote a new european defense for the future european political union in the post-cold era, and to strengthen the french influence on the european partners. This purpose failed during the period 1990-1992. On the one hand the french defense posture, implying a national control on nuclear weapons and a strong rigidity of the french forces structure, did not support the political statement on a european defense. On the second hand, the anglo-saxon allies in n. A. T. O. Opposed the french position. However, france and its allies have got a compromise. The n. A. T. O. Remains the main western defense organisation, while the w. E. U. Is in charge of being a part of the future european political union, the "n. A. T. O. European pilar" and of creating a common european defense culture
Meye, Ndong Serges. "La sécurité et la défense du territoire du Gabon. Analyse géopolitique." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIML009.
Full textGabon‘s territory‘s security involves stakes rooted less in its old status of the “little Cinderella of Central Africa“ than in its geopolitical representations of the political power which views the country as a “small state” rich in geostrategic resources stirring up covetousness, above all from outside powers. Together with territorial issues, come up land and sea borders' problems, above all the new threats, in which illegal migration, internal threats -particularly the new forms of criminality- sociopolitical conditions, socioeconomic poverty, social matters as well as difficulties to control the territory, are at the top of the list. Internal and external threats and stakes around which Gabon organizes itself in order to establish security within its territory. The country takes into account local and regional levels of the territory, mainly relying on police and military forces which seek to set up public and civil security, oversee the territory while preparing its effective defense. Aside from this security initiative, the government endeavors to improve sociopolitical conditions, people's socioeconomic' standards of living, and the protection of the environment. Gabonese's security‘s issue goes beyond its borders, as part of a regional cooperation where Gabon negotiates the political peace based on regional order and entente cordial between political powers. An economic security which would improve food expenses, a police cooperation through “mutual judiciary assistance “and, possibly, the recovering of its territory‘s order. Moreover, Gabon's foreign policy is to maintain peace within the area to avoid its territory to be influenced by external conflicts. From the international point of view, Gabon together with France tries to reinforce its military forces and to make a possible peacemaking in the region. So far, this whole initiative hasn't met the country' expectations. The police ‘efforts are inefficient and there is more and more insecurity. The human dimension is relative; rather, the shining government's authoritarianism, the opposition and the military phagocytosis as well as the territory's control are inefficient. Outside, the foreign judiciary assistance fails to cut food expenses and to fend off of external threats whether on sea or land. The defense cooperation with France seems to be more effective in stabilizing the established power than in reinforcing the military forces. The Gabonese territory is not safe.Safety, Defense, Territory, Geopolitic, Gabon
Le, Saux Nicolas. "Privatisation des activités de sécurité privée et de défense : la fin des Etats ?" Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE0022.
Full textOver the last two centuries, economic and democratic development has been closely linked to the consolidation of the Statemonopoly on legitimate violence. If the private sector has long been confined to the margins of security issues, the landscape has been considerably modified over the last two decades. Many industrial countries have now more private security officers than public law enforcement resources. In 2008, in Irak there were more private security contractors than US soldiers. Following mutation towards State control, the development of democracy, the rise of international safeguards such as UNO or EU, combined with the globalisation of a liberal economic model, appear to facilitate a move back towards the privatisation of security and defence activities. Mirroring the fall of the Roman Empire, is the increasing use of private security and military forces by the modern State a forewarning of its own demise? Are modern States “moving back to the future” and private interests overwhelming the general good? In a global liberal economic order, can France maintain its hold on security and defence when its fiduciary powers, and soon may be its fiscal ones as well, are controlled by Europe? Using an historical and comparative approach, this research is organised around the analysis and an attempt to answer the following question: are security and defence activities similar to any others or do they require a special treatment?
Vukcevic, Dejana. "L'émergence d'une Europe de la défense : difficultés et perspectives." Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20001.
Full textThe aim of this study is to evaluate difficulties and perspectives in the process of emergence of Europe of the Defence. This study presents an global eclairage of the european effort in the area of defence and demonstrates the impact of the incorporation of defence in the process of European integration, for the EU, as well as for the strategic environment. The study is divided on two parts. The aim of first part is to analyse the institutionnal basis of the Europe of the defence, and to demonstrate the importance and the influence of defence dimension for the institutionnal frame of the EU. The process of institutionnalisation of defence cannot be analysed separately from institutional arrangements with NATO and WEU. The second part analyses the progressive concretisation of the Europe of the Defence. The participation of the EU in the crisis managements operations demonstrates that Union is becomming an global international actor and is showing the added value of the defence for the development of the Union as a global actor. This implies also the search for the strategic concept for the EU, which will define the place of defence in the strategic dimension of the EU. This part analyses also strategic and operational capacity of the EU, as well as competitivness of the european industry od defence. The Europe of the Defence concretises the idea of the EU as an original and specific model which combine the defence dimension with other instruments of external action of the EU. It changes the sens of military intervention
Bordonaro, Federico. "La problématique d'une politique européenne de sécurité et de défense depuis 1990." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040089.
Full textESPD remains one of the european integration's main issues, and one that is heatdly debated since the early nineties. Its technical, institutional and strategic aspects can onely be understood in a broader historical and geopolitical framework, capable to assess the european power mutual relations and the transatlantic relationship. Covering the period from the Maastricht treaty's negociations to the UE's constitutional treaty ratifications, this thesis, sets forth thr history of ESDP and explains its evolutions in terms of interests, security concerns and goals of the UE states invilved. It also features a history of the western european union and covers the issue of european military industrial complex
Tarel, Philippe. "Défense et sécurité des cités de l'occident romain sous le Haut-Empire." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010644.
Full textMagnuszewski, Pierre. "Corps militaires plurinationaux et édification d'un système européen de défense." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR30009.
Full textSince 1945, Europe has been able to build for peaceful tomorrows and strengthen collective security. Yet it remains an object of desire courted by threats. When the glacial era imposed by the Cold War finally drew to a close, a number of deep geopolitical changes came into operation. The years 1989/1999 were marked by the creation of great multinational units and the unveiling of new partnerships. Europe's powerlessness was to become blatant, however, with the wars in the Gulf and the Balkans. Paradoxically, Europe began as early as 1991/1995 -to acquire a vast amount of experience within alliances whose configurations were uncertain and heterogeneous. Then came 9/11. Europe' enemies suddenly looked different : kamikazes and terrorists supplant the Soviet armoured divisions. War breaks out in Afghanistan and lraq. 2003 marked the turning point : every political defence crisis became a precursor to the EU's misadventures. A great diversity of military alliances has, in fact, always existed. Is it necessary for Europe to bow before the will of a powerful superior ? Today the NRF s waiting for a hypothetical tsunami, a humanitarian mission of a Petersburg type. Is this an ambition for a Europe looking to gain credibility, but resisting calls for financial efforts? Indeed many European countries — some since 1949— are content with the US and NATO which offer greater security. Nevertheless, Europe is trying to build a common defence system. But if there is one field of action where it is essential to pause for reflection — and to keep a critical approach, to anticipate and to avoid mistakes, it is, of course, in the defence policy
Duffort, Benoit. "Les politiques de défense française et britannique face à l'émergence de la politique européenne de sécurité et de défense [1991-2001]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030048.
Full textHalf a century after the Dunkirk treaty, France and the United Kingdom signed in Saint-Malo a declaration on European defence of paramount historic significance. From this declaration originated the implementation, within the frame of the European Union, of the European Security and Defence Policy, which was declared ‘operational’ in December 2001 during the Laeken Summit. As leading parties of this process France and the United Kingdom had essential interests to safeguard in the conducting of the European and transatlantic negotiations which resulted in this historic compromise. Based on archival records which have been either recently released or consulted by special dispensation, on discussions with leading figures of the period or on parliamentary papers about the question, this thesis intends to analyse the evolution of the French and British defence policies in their fullest sense prior to this process and from the enforcement of the Common Foreign and Security Policy, from which originated the ESDP, instituted at the end of the 1991 Intergovernmental Conference which led to the implementation of the European Union
Foucault, Martial. "Biens collectifs et sécurité extérieure : analyse économique de la politique européenne de défense." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010041.
Full textHudu, Ayuba. "La politique africaine du Nigéria : défense et sécurité des origines à nos jours." Montpellier 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON30022.
Full textOwaye, Jean-François. "Système de défense et de sécurité du Gabon de 1960 à nos jours." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30022.
Full textGabon's "security and defense system" was established in 1960, resulting from the fervour of independance and to the transfer of expertise from the community to the new african sovereignties. It is "a unification of civil and military equipment, of operational methods and rules", undoubtedly inspired by the conventional french military model, but which also takes into account the local ecology, the international geostrategic environment and the socio-economic development of the country. Set up by the french military command,the system is based on one of the principal objectives of gabon's general policy : security / development, which limits the defense efforts to a strict minimum (2,5% of the g. N. P. ), while assuring the nation (thanks to the strategy of dissuasion ) a relative security. Since 1960 it has come a long way. In fact, the security forces, inexperienced and understaffed when founded, were confined to the simple inaugural funetion af the new sovereignty ; their social role was nevertheless essential : they compensated for the lach of education by substituting for civil engineers. They were the "agents" of socialisation and national integration towards which the military service and youth civic service strove. Since the seventies, the improvement of a military ressources and the status of the personnel, the " gabonisation " of the command, the territorialisation of the armed forces and their professionalisation. . . Shows a permanent change in the defense system ; anadaptation characteristic of the search for a more efficient defense system, which remans the most important factor of the materialisation of the social treaty, and thus of the stability of the country
Lavaux, Rachel. "Dialectique de la défense européenne : entre impulsions institutionnelles et impulsions industrielles." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10067.
Full textLaguerre, Cédric. "Entre arsenal et libre concurrence, le marché de la défense est-il contestable ? : cas de l'aéronautique militaire." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1458.
Full textLegai, Pascal. "Impact de l'imagerie spatiale commerciale à haute résolution sur la sécurité internationale dans sa dimension de défense : perspectives pour l'Europe de la défense." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0153.
Full textCapart, Rémi. "Les pouvoirs de police administrative du préfet de zone de défense et de sécurité." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD003.
Full textThe administrative police skill of the « préfet de zone de défense et de sécurité ».The defense and security area were created in France in 1950 by an a government's decree which concerned the organization of the territory defense. Their first vocation was mainly military. Afterward They became real administrative districts placed under the responsibility of an administrative authority : The "préfet de zone de défense et de sécurité". (There's no equivalent of that administrative authority in other countries). Representative of the central power, this state man is responsible for the preparation and for the execution of the national security measures. He is thus able to of handling crisis situations when these can't be manage by the lower statutory authority (the "préfet" of the department). Industrial or Natural disasters as storms which struck France, floods, etc. even the terrorist risk, are so many threats which concern the public order. The multiplicity of these protean phenomenons requires to adapt tools to their evolutions. This obligation to adapt the French device has these problems was realized in 2008 by a strategic document : "le livre blanc sur la défense et la sécurité nationale". Numerous pieces of the security instrument were modified, amplified, strengthened. The "préfet de zone de défense et de sécurité" saw her skills manifestly strengthened by the attribution of an administrative police power. The administrative police is a cardinal notion of the French organization. She allows to protect the public order and punish its disorder by administrative measures. This power now in the hands of the "prefet de zone de defense et de securité" and it's applied on her same named area. The potentialities offered by this power are immense but they must be understood to be mastered. It is the objective of this thesis : present the contents and the limits of administrative police skill of the "préfet de zone de défense et de sécurité"
Nzengue, Dieudonné. "Les accords de défense et de sécurité dans les relations interafricaines : enjeux et stratégies." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D044.
Full textFroment-Maire, Anne. "L'organisation administrative française à l'épreuve de l'évolution des notions de sécurité et de défense." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0236.
Full textRethinking administrative action within the new security/defense continuum has become imperative since the institutional set-up constitutes the basis for security action. It was of paramount importance to assess the impact that the evolution of the notions of security and defense - now become the two faces of the same coin - bears on the functioning of the administration. This is all the more essential since the substance of security keeps expanding. The tools available to meet these objectives have been adapted to re-organize the partners’ roles with a view to overhauling the semantic framework of security within a territorial reorganization, allowing redefining the relationships between the State and the local authorities. Complexity has however impeded the relationships between the various administrations, involving institutional partners with those of defense. Solutions have been sought through the development of partnerships between public entities, opting for supranational options and particularly European trans-border cooperations
Ismail, Ziad. "Stratégies de défense optimales pour améliorer la sécurité et la résilience des Smart Grids." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0026.
Full textThe evolution of the threat landscape has made the security risk management in the smart grid a challenging task. This thesis addresses this problem and proposes solutions based on non-cooperative game theory, attack graphs and Constrained Markov Decision Processes (CMDPs). In the first part of this thesis, using the framework of non-cooperative game theory, we define and solve models to optimize the deployment of defense resources in the smart grid. We find the optimal choice of security modes to enable on each equipment in the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) to protect the confidentiality of customers’ data. In addition, we present an analytical model for identifying and hardening the most critical communication equipment used in the power system. In order to improve the security of industrial control systems, the defense strategy needs to be both proactive by anticipating potential targets of adversaries, and reactive by adjusting the type and strength of the response to the threat level. In the second part of this thesis, we address this challenge by presenting a solution that computes the optimal security policy that guarantees that the defender’s objectives are satisfied. This policy is obtained by solving a CMDP built using information in an attack graph generated beforehand that represents the evolution of the attacker’s state in the system
Diagne, Rokhaya. "Sécurité alimentaire et libéralisation agricole." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998276.
Full textHouenou, Seminakpon Arnaud. "Les nouveaux accords de défense franco-africains et la politique de sécurité de la France." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30060.
Full textEstablished in the 1960s with the independence of territories of the former French empire, the defense cooperation allowed the old French, colonial power to continue to maintain its influence in Africa, while at the same time establishing autonomous national African armies. Unfortunately some of the political and military choices made by France and the instrumentalization risks of a strictly bilateral involvement, have revealed the archaism of French – African relations, and have generated a crisis in cooperation. Having become inadequate due to changes in the international political arena that occurred in the 1990s characterized by the end of bipolarity, the French defense cooperation African has suffered from international competition from the commitment of African States to the effective exercise of their sovereignty as well as their full involvement in globalization and in new areas of solidarity and international cooperation, and from terrorist threats.In subscribing to the realist security approach, and considering the political-sociological constructivist theory of national interest defended by Alexander Wendt on the one hand, and on the other hand the regional security complex concept by Barry Buzan, this study proposes to show how France has put in place a new security policy based on new defense agreements in Africa, the continent closest to Europe in a context of proven strategic breakdown and security threats. Defined in a global regional context, this study demonstrates the strategy of France for security in Africa in a partnership that should be both transparent and efficient
Gisbrant-Boinon, Cindy. "La sécurité juridique en droit de la commande publique." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOD004.
Full textUlrich, Sara. "La construction d'une politique européenne de défense et de sécurité de 1947 à 2005 : une contribution à la théorie réaliste des alliances." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA111004.
Full textTshiyembe, Mwayila. "La problématique de la sécurité africaine dans la dialectique du conflit Est-OuestT." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE0036.
Full textReçber, Kamuran. "Le rôle de l'Union de l'Europe occidentale dans le système de sécurité et de défense européennes." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0047.
Full textTardivel, Laurence. "Le statut juridique du Corps européen : des difficultés d'une identité européenne de sécurité et de défense." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030076.
Full textUnit integrated into a level much lower than within the framework of NATO and gathering France, Germany, Spain, Belgium and Luxembourg, the Eurocorps must make it possible Europe to have its own military capacity. Functioning on an intergovernmental mode, it confronts five legal systems logically generating many difficulties that the sole Report of “La Rochelle” of 1992, founder document of the structure, does not make it possible to solve. The Treaty of Strasbourg, signed on November 22, 2004 , having been the subject for the time being of no procedure of ratification in the concerned countries, comes to strengthen the legal construction of the Eurocorps by conferring a legal statute on its headquarters. However, this one appears insufficient with many regards, thus reflecting current doubts as for the future architecture of the Common European Defence Policy, whose European Body shall constitute the beginning. The interdependence in which the States live today, which requires an increased knowledge of foreign systems, imposes structuring process, borrowing and convergence of the legal standards. The Eurocorps is a testimony, at the military level
Mohamed, Osman Roukiya. "La politique de sécurité et de défense dans la corne de l'Afrique : le cas de Djibouti." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20129.
Full textThis thesis studies the politics of security and defence that have been developed in the Horn of Africa. Our main objective is to show that in Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti there are political, historical, economical and sociological factors that explain the prevailing insecurity within the region. Its geostrategic position makes it a coveted area for fighting terrorism and piracy. Nevertheless this geographical advantage is not as profitable as it could be because of civil wars, boundary disputes and natural disasters that have generated one of the world’s biggest humanitarian and food crisis. Security and defence policies, whether regional or continental, have shown to be powerless when facing these realities. The failures of these policies are due to disagreements between Heads of State and to the lack of financial resources within States, the African Union and its sub-regional agencies such as IGAD and COMESA. By studying the case of Djibouti we will prove that national security policies have been weakened by corruption, clientelism and tribalism, which has lead to the insurgence of the impoverished population. Because Djibouti is one of the most stable States in the region, it serves as a barometer that measures new treats to the stability of the zone. As a neighbouring country to the hotbeds of terrorism and piracy, Djibouti is where the French, the American and the Japanese have settled their military bases; it has also consequently become the target of terrorist groups. The military bases have certainly improved the security and the economy of the area but they have also had a negative impact on its social environment
Michondard, Eric. "La transition du système stratégique occidental et l'identité européenne de sécurité et de défense : 1990-2000." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33043.
Full textBangoura, Dominique. "Le facteur militaire et la sécurité en Afrique : un problème national, régional et international, de 1960 à nos jours." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30021.
Full textAfrica's political and military behaviour expresses in very numerous and different ways. Considering its security, ten, means to study it on a national, regional, i. E. Intracontinental african level, and since there is no national self sufficiency, on a international or extracontinental level. Actually, security in africa is based on a ternary political and military problematical question, that implies a different degree study, a measuring of proitious and unpropitious factors with their interferences as far as peace and stability are concerned. As the main element fo national security, there stands the army. Each of the african states then, develops a strong anmy of its own so as to assume its country defence, its state stability and the individual and real estate security. As the main element of regional security, there stands the african unity organisation in which the african states agree upon thaking legal and political security measures, and in case of need, upon creating an occasional military force fitting to a very particular predicament. Beside this panafrican orghanisation, the african states want to promote regional and under-regional understanding by means of conducting negociations better than resorting to force, to emphasize neighbourhood instead of nursing struggles and lkeardership and expansionism problems. As the main element of international security, the african states refer the matter to each of the western? Easterne, northern or southern part of the world, so as to prepare their military officers and to buy their war make sure they will be helped in case of emlergency. They military relationships are based upon deep historical links, new political affinities or solidarity towards the whird-wold. They are expecting to be able to fill in the present gaps narrowing their own defence and stability abilities. Unfortunatily
Mariller, Roseline. "Les défis de la politique européenne de défense." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33036.
Full textBoulanin, Vincent. "De la défense à la sécurité : aspects économiques et enjeux politiques de la diversification des firmes européennes d’armement dans le domaine de la sécurité." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0161.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the geopolitical causes, the economic aspects and the political consequences of the diversification of the European arms industry into the realm of security. The objective was to study the so-called “defence-security continuum” at the industry level. The thesis is that arms producers are not only reacting to a growing demand for security goods and services, they actively take part in the definition and implementation of security policies to the extent that they can shape public demand for the latter. The argument is based on an original approach that combines the empiricism of the literature on arms production with the reflexivity of the constructivist literature on security policies in the IR discipline. Section I explains why arms producers had to diversify into the security realm in order to cope with the post-9/11 order. They had to find new growth drivers and they had to reinvent their legitimacy in a context where the landmarks of the defence community were eroding. Section II present empirical evidence on the diversification of the arms industry into the realm of security and analyse to what extent this is a complex phenomenon that cannot be analysed only through the opposition civil/military. Section III consists of two cases studies on border security and cyber-security; both show how arms produced have expanded their influence on the definition and implementation of public security policies
Modeste, Rodolphe. "Théorie néoréaliste et néo-institutionnaliste de l’OTAN à l’heure de la sécurité globale : d’une organisation de défense collective à une organisation de sécurité collective." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100143/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a criticism of the neo-realist and neo-institutionalist theory, contributing to an explanation of the reasons for the transformation of NATO since 1991 from a collective defense organization to a collective security organization and to make intelligible the alternation of moments of tension and solidarity between member states (and between member states and partner states). This work is based on study cases drawn from the history of the post-cold War Atlantic Alliance and enables to examine the regularity of a double phenomenon: the ineffectiveness of NATO institutional assets on high security issues and their effectiveness on low security issues. When discussion topics are too strategic risks of political/budgetary/human costs, security perception), actors (member states and partners), tend to go back to national positions. When discussion topics are less sensitive (lesser political/budgetary human costs), actors tend to accept more easily to make concessions in the institutional framework. Our model is focused on the comprehension of the progressive globalization of NATO through two types of actions: enlargement/partnership creation and external interventions. This thesis is taking into account strengths and weaknesses of NATO institutional assets, in order to show that the organization produces mainly global security by the means of its security network (gradually built since 1991), more than through the classic military way (half-failure of high intensity outside operations). The globalization of its security network is studied through the whole of bilateral and regional institutional assets created after 1991 in order to integrate relations between member states and partner states. A specific part of the study is dedicated to American-European relations inside the Atlantic Alliance. The globalization of its intervention field is studied through the analysis of overall operations and missions carried out by NATO since 1991. To conclude, this thesis aims at renewing neorealist and neo-insttitutional theories in the light of the new paradigm of security globalization
Marret, Jean-Luc. "Sécurité et désarmement : politiques de la France en matière de désarmement ou de maîtrise des armements (1919-1995)." Paris 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA020047.
Full textTraditionally, french policy considers disarmament as a part of security. Since 1919, france makes use of disarmament for the benefit of her security : against the german rearmement first; then, since 1945, in favour of the development of her national nuclear forces; finally, against proliferations, i. E. Her own strategic superiority. France acts very actively, since 1978 above all, but she is often criticized (ex. : international disputes concerning her latest nuclear tests)
Theodoropoulos, Petros. "L'union de l'Europe occidentale et la construction européenne de sécurité." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21026.
Full textThe weu was created in october nineteen fifty-four within the context of the paris agreements in order to resolve two problems closely connected : the rearmament of west germany and the consolidation of western european security. During the first thirty years weu did not develop its activities unlike the other european organizations. It remained a committed spectator of european construction. The weu was the first organization in the domain of arms control and contributed to the establishment of a climate of trust between the western european countries after the two world wars. It also became a framework within which great britain tried to approach the six european community members which were at the same time its partners in the weu. After great britain's membership to the european communities the assembly of the weu took charge of its essential activity. It forced the council to reaffirm the competence of the weu in the domain of european defence and security. The weu has become an actor of european security construction since its revitalization, in october nineteen eighty-four. Over the course of five years it has been a forum within which europeans discuss questions concerning security. Since the collapse of communism the weu has been the central actor in the reorganization of the western security system. The wey is the organization that allows the renovation of nato and at the same time, the establishment of a european defence policy
Richard, Dorota. "Les conceptions de défense en Pologne après 1989." Paris, INALCO, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INAL0017.
Full textThe year 1989 ends a period of forty four years during which the sovereignty of Poland was limited by the Soviet domination. The polish state was at last able to freely determine its politics of security in function of its own interest. After 1989, the security of the state became the most important matter. Priorities of the politics of security were to ensure the independency and sovereignty of the state by joining the western military, political and economical institutions and establishing good relations with all neighboring states. Problems from the past had to be solved: the recognition of the Western frontier, the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the withdrawal of the Soviet troops from the Polish territory. During the years 1992/1993 the final choice concerning the politics of security fell on NATO. The choice was supported by a large consensus in the political class and the Polish society. NATO had won the confrontation between the two blocs and had to open itself to countries - formers members of the Warsaw Pact. The idea of enlargement progressed through the impetus given by the United States, mainly during the second mandate of President Clinton. At the Madrid Summit of NATO (7-8 July 1991), three countries, Hungary, Poland and the Czech republic were invited to negotiate their memberships. Poland became a member of NATO on March 12th, 1999. Its membership revealingly improved its geopolitical and political situation. The guarantees given by the 5th article of the North Atlantic Treaty decrease the probability of an aggression, by increasing the effect of dissuasion
Padonou, Oswald. "La coopération de défense et de sécurité française en Afrique de l'Ouest : une géopolitique du postcolonial francophone." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G009.
Full textStructural and operational defense and security cooperation between France and Francophone states of ECOWAS is characterized by different configurations depending on the perspectives of each stakeholder. They are also characterized by strategic interdependence between France and its partners. Since 2007, besides the renewal of agreements setting up a defence partnership between France and its partners, this cooperation is taking place in a context marked by the regionalization of stakes and security responses in the West African region and the increasing interest of non-traditional actors providing increasing flows of assistance and cooperation. These new parameters breaking the traditional behind “closed-doors” of bilateral post-independance agreements, practices and interpretations that were traditionally mobilized to analyse Africa-France relations. By using a postcolonial perspective, this study aims at deconstructing conventional binary oppositions and generalizations by bringing in new tools of comparison of cooperation, in time and space and by highlighting the nuances. It also aims at suggesting a typology of the benefits that different categories of actors gain from this cooperation. Building on Robert Axelrod’s theory of cooperative attitude, and its ”win-win” component, this study demonstrates that the lasting of cooperation resides in the interests each party finds in cooperating beyond abstaining. Due to this capacity to rise above the "fact" and "colonial legacy", the postcolonialism could then be a model of analysis of contemporary international relations and “Francophonie”, a space marked of "strategic depth"
Caillaud, Franck-Emmanuel. "La politique de sécurité espagnole depuis la mort du général Franco 1975-1991 : Défense, diplomatie et terrorisme." Grenoble 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE21027.
Full textThe author treats spain's security policy since the death of general franco. He describes the conditions in which spain became an integrated parts of the western defence system through this country's membership of nato and weo. He studies the principal lines of the spanish defence policy, the protection of its strategic geographical limits : balearic islands, gibraltar and the canaries, the defence of the "presidios" of ceuta and melilla. The author the develops the following themes stressing spain's diplomatic role : - spain and non-alignment, - spain and disarmament, - spain and the conflicts in central america, - spain's position in the "gulf crisis". Finally, the author shows the fundamental role played by the spanish diplomacy in the fight against terrorism in the basque country
Desforges, Alix. "Approche géopolitique du cyberespace : les enjeux pour la défense et la sécurité nationale : l'exemple de la France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080096.
Full textThe increasing number of cyberattacks reveals that cyberspace did not bring about the “global village” that the pioneers of the Internet dreamed of, but rather became the arena and a vector for political, economic, and military conflicts. Then, cyberspace – a term invented by a science fiction writer in 1982 – entered each states' literature on strategy despite the fact that the definition of the term, and its scope, both remain unclear. The wide range of meanings and representations of cyberspace is a source of complication not only in the formalization of strategies at the state level, but also in the establishment a meaningful dialog between governments. Looking at the example of France, this thesis studies the defense and security strategies deployed by the states to face threats pertaining to cyberspace. It demonstrates that the French strategy favors a technical answer, endowing mainly military and technological resources to respond to cyberthreats. From 2014 onwards however, the evolution of the threats led French leaders to expand its approach of cybersecurity towards political and geopolitical issues as a consequence of unforeseen “strategic surprises” such as Daesh’s online propaganda, the uncontrolled spread of malwares, or the manipulation of information designed to influence the outcome of elections. Yet, this transformation was not operated without difficulties and it remains unfinished to this day. Indeed, the specificities of the digital space bring into focus an intricate network of issues from different areas that go far beyond the framework of national defense
Bessez, Jean-Claude. "La politique étrangère et de défense du nouveau parti travailliste." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030094.
Full textNew Labour's foreign policy promotes and defends human rights and democracy. It is implemented with and through the Commonwealth, NATO, Europe and the United Nations. On behalf of humanitarian considerations London has intervened in the Balkans and in Africa, a continent where NEPAD offers an opportunity for influence. Zimbabwe and Pakistan are closely watched. Gibraltar's destiny will soon be sealed. The European Rapid Reaction Force, Missile Shield, the special relationship and the new transnational threats lie at the heart of British defence policy which is foreign-policy led. Afghanistan and Iraq are currently the main focus of the fight againt international terrorism. The Strategic Defence Review, Defence Diplomacy and the New Chapter make up the British Defence Doctrine
Bascou, Hervé-Georges. "La pratique du contrôle URSSAF : 25 ans d'expérience pour des droits de la défense de l'entreprise cotisante." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10007.
Full textThe practice of the control URSSAF (FRENCH BODY MANAGING SOCIAL SECURITY PAYMENTS AND FUNDS) confronts a company contributor with a control of the authorities loaded with the covering of the contributions URSSAF (FRENCH BODY MANAGING SOCIAL SECURITY PAYMENTS AND FUNDS). The control procedure must be arrested in a clear and precise way to travers three essential questions, the control, the covering, the contesting
Lafond, Sylvie. "Les difficultés d'élaboration d'une politique européenne de sécurité." Limoges, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIMO0515.
Full textThe necessity for Europe to adopt a common security policy has really become imperative for the Heads of State and Government with the end of the “cold war”, from the 1980s onward. Indeed, for Europeans, it is just as much a question of acquiring the international stature they are still sorely lacking today as it is of being able to play again the part of undeniable and uncontested leaders which was theirs in the past. The essential question is then to know whether the Member States are really determined to implement this policy and whether Europe has the means to assume its security alone. While Europe as a Security Entity constitutes today a reality, “Europe as a Single Power” is still trying to find its bearings. The combined “weight” of the Member States and NATO, beyond making it difficult to elaborate a European security policy, leads inescapably to the setting up of a complex European device of crisis management
Antunes, Camille. "Le rôle, l'importance et l'implication de la Turquie dans la construction de l'Europe de la défense : perspectives et opportunités." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863870.
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