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Academic literature on the topic 'Marche (locomotion) – Chez le nourrisson'
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Journal articles on the topic "Marche (locomotion) – Chez le nourrisson"
Maillet, A., V. Fraix, S. Thobois, P. Derost, F. Durif, P. Krack, P. Pollak, and B. Debû. "Imagerie mentale motrice de la locomotion chez le patient parkinsonien présentant des troubles de la marche." Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 41, no. 4 (October 2011): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2011.10.020.
Full textAndré, A., C. Karachi, E. Bertasi, E. Bardinet, and F. A. Bernard. "Imagerie fontionnelle du mésencéphale latéral : une aire intégrative pour la locomotion chez l’homme, une cible pour les troubles de la marche." Neurochirurgie 57, no. 4-6 (September 2011): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuchi.2011.09.088.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Marche (locomotion) – Chez le nourrisson"
Forma, Vincent. "Étude de la mobilité quadrupède en position ventrale chez le nouveau-né et le nourrisson humain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB223/document.
Full textSelf-produced locomotion is a key stage in infant development, which usually begins with hand and knees crawling in the second semester of life. Since the moment of birth, however, newborns are already capable of autonomous propulsion from a prone position. This precocious form of quadrupedalism remains largely unstudied due in part to the fact that most researchers consider these creeping movements to constitute a mere reflex, destined dissipate as cortical development progresses. Under such an interpretation, this creeping « reflex » would have no link with mature, bipedal walking, would not recruit the upper limbs and would serve mainly as a mechanism by which newborns could reach the maternal breast. Contrary to this point of view, a handful of authors have observed that these patterns of locomotion seem complex, and might persist in some form until the age of 2-3 months. These observations invite us to consider the possibility that such primitive locomotion might be directly involved in the emergence of quadrupedal and bipedal gait. The present thesis examines the various characteristics (particularly cinematic) of this prone mobility, from birth to about six months of age. To this end, we describe the creation of an experimental tool that frees the use of a newborn's limbs and facilitates the aforementioned form of propulsion: the CrawliSkate. We present three studies showing that neonatal prone mobility goes beyond simple reflexes, involves coordination between the upper and lower limbs, and can be partially modified at birth at a supra-spinal level through visual stimulation. Lastly, we demonstrate that this pattern of locomotion persists, albeit with heavy modification, throughout the first semester of life
Dumuids, Marie-Victorine. "Faisabilité et efficacité d'une stimulation précoce de la marche quadrupède sur le développement moteur de grands prématurés sans lésions cérébrales majeures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=6182&f=50364.
Full textThe acquisition of postural control and locomotion are central to the motor and cognitive development of the infant and any abnormality in neuromotor development can have adverse consequences for the future development of the child. This issue is particularly salient in the case of very premature infants whose numbers are constantly increasing and for whom there is an increased risk of neuromotor anomalies, ranging from minor sensorimotor deficits to cerebral palsy. In view of this, there is an urgent need for very early intervention strategies to stimulate the motor development of these children during the period of high plasticity of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems following birth. In a systematic review on the subject, we show that very few interventions exist to stimulate the development of mobility in infants at risk of neuromotor abnormalities at an early age, i.e. before 12 months. Moreover, these studies often do not meet the quality criteria required by the international community (Dumuids-Vernet et al., 2022). This thesis proposes to test the feasibility, quality and effectiveness of a new early intervention that aims to stimulate the motor development of very premature infants as soon as they leave the neonatology department. The primary aim of the intervention is to train the infants at home to propel themselves in a quadrupedal manner, every day for eight weeks, using a mini skateboard on which they lie on their stomach (Crawli training). Our results show that such a training, tested on very premature babies without major brain lesion but at risk of motor abnormality, is highly feasible. Moreover, longitudinal tracking of motor development by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III and general development by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3) of these children shows a positive effect of Crawli training. Preterm infants who received Crawli training had higher Bayley gross motor scores between 2 and 12 months of corrected age than preterm infants who received equivalent training on their stomachs on a mattress but without a mini-skateboard (mat training) or conventional medical follow-up (control). In addition, more infants in the Crawli group than in the Mat or Control groups passed the specific Bayley items on head carriage development at 2 months corrected age (CA) and on quadrupedal gait acquisition at 9 months CA, which are recognized as important milestones in motor development. Crawli-trained infants also showed enhanced general development, particularly in terms of communication level, on the ASQ-3 at 9 months CA and fine motor skill development at 12 months CA than infants in the Control and Mat groups. Finally, after training, preterm infants in the Crawli group had motor and general scores that were close to those of typically-developing infants. Indeed, the Crawli group's Bayley scores after training and ASQ-3 scores at 9 and 12 months CA were not different from those of term infants, contrary to the Mat and Control preterm infants whose motor scores were significantly worse at 2 months CA than those of the term infants. The overall ASQ-3 scores of the Control group at 9 and 12 months CA were also below typical norms. The high scores obtained by our Crawli-trained infants on the international developmental scales and the positive results obtained regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of our early intervention are very encouraging. They suggest this new protocol could be deployed on a larger scale and with other populations at risk of motor anomaly (trisomy 21, spina bifida, stroke, prematurity with brain lesion etc.)
Maciaszczyk, Sabine. "De la marche automatique à la marche autonome : effets d'un exercice précoce." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H013.
Full textVarraine, Elodie. "Contrôle des forces propulsives au cours de la marche chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22084.
Full textChrachri, Abdesslam. "La marche chez les crustacés décapodes : étude chez un animal intact et sur une préparation in vitro." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10652.
Full textSeze, Mathieu de. "Etude anatomique, cinématique et électomyographique de l'axe rachidien lors de la marche chez l'homme." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21488.
Full textMajority of studies on human locomotion concerns the kinematic of the legs and the activation of their muscles. Likely because, the most of the authors considers the trunk as an inertial mass moved by legs, there are few studies concerning movements of the trunk and activities of its muscles. Nevertheless, there are several anatomical, phylogenetic and experimental arguments suggesting the functional implication of the trunk in human walking. We focused our works on erector spinae muscles because of their important role in the active mobility of the trunk. Three main approaches have been used : (1) an anatomical approach looking for highlighting the functional role of these muscles and studying the possibility to record the activity of the erector spinae muscles ; (2) an electromyographical approach to determine the pattern of activity of axial muscles during walking ; (3) a kinematical approach to bring to light the relation between the movements of the trunk and the activity of the erector spinae muscles. Our results suggest the functional implication of the movements and of the muscles of the trunk in the genesis of the human walking
Leteneur, Sébastien. "Effets de l'inclinaison naturelle du tronc sur le contrôle de l'équilibre orthostatique, l'initiation de la marche et la marche." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9258a7db-ad5c-4e48-b794-fb7b7f85551a.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study the effects of natural trunk inclination in the sagittal plane on the standing posture control, gait initiation and gait. Young and able-bodied subjects are classified into groups, from the measure of their trunk angle with respect to vertical axis, and from the clinical model proposed by Sohier and Haye in 1989. Two preliminary studies were needed to specify the methodology. For the study of the standing posture, the moments at the ankle, hip and L5 and the anteroposterior (AP) position of the center of mass of the HAT with respect to hip axis allow to explain the differences observed in the postural control for the two respective trunk inclinations, whatever the classification used. The study of gait initiation explains the net moments of the standing limb at the ankle, knee, hip and L5 during the execution of the first step. Although the spatiotemporal parameters, trunk dynamics and AP component of the ground reaction force are similar between the groups, these net moments present characteristics that are specific to the trunk inclination. The study of the stance phase of gait shows that the net moments of the lower limbs and L5 are affected by the natural trunk inclination and that gait asymmetries appear between the lower limbs, only at the end of the stance phase, whatever the classification used. In conclusion, this work shows the effects of the natural trunk inclination in the sagittal plane on the three motor tasks studied. Moreover, the results indicate that, in the absence of motion analysis system, the clinical model appears to be an interesting alternative to the experimental classification
Courbon, Annabelle. "Effets d'un réentrainement à l'effort sur les capacités de marche après hémiplégie vasculaire chez l'adulte." Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STET010T.
Full textGérin-Lajoie, Martin. "Comportement anticipatoire de navigation durant la locomotion chez l'humain." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18873.
Full textUne approche biomécanique a été utilisée pour analyser le comportement locomoteur naturel de contournement d’obstacles stationnaires et mobiles sous différents facteurs environnementaux incluant l’incertitude initiale associée au mouvement de l’obstacle, des distractions auditives, l’éclairage ambiant et le type d’environnement (physique/virtuel). De jeunes adultes, des personnes plus âgées et des athlètes d’élite ont été étudiés afin de mieux comprendre le contrôle adaptatif de la marche en lien avec l’environnement chez des populations ayant différentes capacités locomotrices. Une méthode basée sur la mesure du mouvement a été développée afin de quantifier l’espace personnel (EP) pour la première fois durant la locomotion. Les jeunes adultes maintiennent un EP elliptique de façon systématique lors du contournement d’obstacles à différentes vitesses de marche ainsi qu’un EP réduit généralement du côté dominant. La taille de l’EP est cependant ajustée en fonction de différents facteurs environnementaux. Entre autres, diriger de l’attention vers un message auditif pendant le contournement nécessite l’agrandissement de l’EP chez de jeunes adultes, avec un effet encore plus marqué chez des personnes plus âgées. Ces dernières doivent, outre la diminution de leur vitesse de marche, agrandir davantage leur EP afin de libérer des ressources attentionnelles pour effectuer la tâche auditive en parallèle. Ces résultats suggèrent que l’EP soit calculé en continu et utilisé pour contrôler la navigation durant la marche. Les résultats suggèrent aussi que les athlètes puissent traiter l’information visuo-spatiale plus rapidement que les non-athlètes puisque les deux groupes ont pris des décisions de navigation semblables, mais les athlètes ont navigué les nouveaux parcours d’obstacles complexes plus rapidement, et ce, avec l’accès à la même vitesse de marche maximale. Les scores chronométrés des athlètes ont été davantage affectés par l’éclairage diminué, suggérant l’utilisation d’informations à propos des obstacles distants lorsque celles-ci sont disponibles. Ces protocoles innovateurs jumelés aux mesures développées (EP, efficacité de navigation, etc.) ont d’importantes implications pour l’évaluation et le réentraînement des capacités locomotrices dans des environnements complexes et écologiques chez diverses populations. Comme le comportement lié à l’EP s’est avéré robuste dans l’environnement virtuel utilisé, la réalité virtuelle est proposée comme une plate-forme prometteuse pour le développement de telles applications.
A biomechanical approach was used to analyze the natural locomotor behavior employed to circumvent stationary and mobile obstacles under different environmental factors including the initial uncertainty related to the obstacle movement, auditory distractions, the ambient lighting and the type of environment (physical/virtual). Young and older adults as well as elite athletes were tested in order to better understand adaptive walking behavior in relation with the environment in populations with different locomotor capacities. A novel method, based on the measure of human movement, was developed to quantify personal space (PS) for the first time during locomotion. Results showed that young adults systematically maintain an elliptical PS during obstacle circumvention at different walking speeds as well as a reduced PS, generally on the dominant side. The size of PS, however, was adjusted according to different environmental factors. For instance, attending to an auditory message during circumvention requires the enlargement of PS in young adults, and to an even greater extent in older adults. In addition to decreasing their gait speed, older adults further enlarged their PS in order to “free up” attentional resources for the parallel processing of auditory messages. These results suggest that PS is calculated online and used to control navigation during walking. In addition, results suggest that trained athletes are able to process visuo-spatial information more rapidly than non-athletes since both groups took similar navigational decisions, but athletes navigated through new and complex obstacle courses faster even though both groups had access to the same unobstructed maximal speeds. The temporal scores of athletes were more affected by the reduction of ambient lighting, suggesting an anticipation strategy using information about distant obstacles when it is available. Such innovative protocols together with the developed measures (e.g. PS and navigation efficiency) have important implications for the evaluation and retraining of locomotor capacity within complex, ecological environments in various populations. Since the PS behavior was shown to be robust in the virtual environment used for this project, the virtual reality technology is proposed as a promising platform for the development of such applications.
Cottalorda, Jérôme. "Analyse de la marche de l'enfant sain sur la plate-forme adal." Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STET001T.
Full textBooks on the topic "Marche (locomotion) – Chez le nourrisson"
Boudreault, Renée. Grille d'évaluation de la sécurité à la marche/Renée Boudreault, Christine Kaegi, Jacqueline Rousseau. Montréal, Qué: Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, 2002.
Find full textLa marche humaine, la course et le saut. Biomécanique : Explorations, normes et dysfonctionnements. Editions Masson, 1999.
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