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Academic literature on the topic 'Marangoni Flow in Droplets'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Marangoni Flow in Droplets"

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Che, Yuzeng, Zishuo Cai, Wenbo Li, Ja Ma, Heng Wang, Shifeng Xu, Aocheng Zhang, et al. "Research on Spontaneous Diffusion and Fragmentation of Liquid Droplets Caused by Marangoni Effect." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 5, no. 1 (April 14, 2023): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.5.1.135.2023.

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The Marangoni effect is important to drying silicon wafers, the fields of welding and improving engine liquid fuel efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the Marangoni flow caused by the evaporation of droplets of alcohol solution, which eventually causes the droplet "atomization" phenomenon. The Marangoni convection phenomenon was studied in terms of temperature and droplet concentration, and the changes of droplet diffusion and the degree of droplet "atomization" were investigated after droplets of different volume concentrations of Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) were added to different solutions.
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Morozov, Matvey, and Sébastien Michelin. "Self-propulsion near the onset of Marangoni instability of deformable active droplets." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 860 (December 11, 2018): 711–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.853.

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Experimental observations indicate that chemically active droplets suspended in a surfactant-laden fluid can self-propel spontaneously. The onset of this motion is attributed to a symmetry-breaking Marangoni instability resulting from the nonlinear advective coupling of the distribution of surfactant to the hydrodynamic flow generated by Marangoni stresses at the droplet’s surface. Here, we use a weakly nonlinear analysis to characterize the self-propulsion near the instability threshold and the influence of the droplet’s deformability. We report that, in the vicinity of the threshold, deformability enhances self-propulsion of viscous droplets, but hinders propulsion of drops that are roughly less viscous than the surrounding fluid. Our asymptotics further reveals that droplet deformability may alter the type of bifurcation leading to symmetry breaking: for moderately deformable droplets, the onset of self-propulsion is transcritical and a regime of steady self-propulsion is stable; while in the case of highly deformable drops, no steady flows can be found within the asymptotic limit considered in this paper, suggesting that the bifurcation is subcritical.
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Farhadi, Jafar, and Vahid Bazargan. "Marangoni flow and surfactant transport in evaporating sessile droplets: A lattice Boltzmann study." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 3 (March 2022): 032115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086141.

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The circulatory Marangoni flow can alter the contact line deposition in evaporating colloidal droplets with pinned contact line. Marangoni flow can be induced by surfactants or thermal effects. Although both cases have been exclusively investigated, the combined effect of surfactant-induced and thermal Marangoni flows is still unknown. The lattice Boltzmann method is utilized to simulate droplet evaporation and corresponding Marangoni flow. Five equations for hydrodynamics, interface capturing, vapor concentration, temperature field, and surfactant transport are intrinsically coupled with each other. They are simultaneously solved in the lattice Boltzmann framework. A geometrical method is proposed to pin the contact line at the triple point. First, evaporation-induced and thermal Marangoni flows are successfully captured. By incorporating surfactant-induced effects, interesting flow patterns are observed. Considering the combined effect of surfactant and temperature gradient, maximum surfactant concentration and maximum temperature (local minima for surface tension) are found at the top and the edge of the droplet, respectively. The maximum surface tension is consequently located between them, and double-circulation flow is observed. If the thermal effect is eliminated, surfactant local concentrations intermittently converge to steady values so that the edge concentration becomes higher than the apex concentration. Until reaching the steady state, there are two patterns that the flow alternates between: one in the direction of the thermal Marangoni flow and the other in the opposite direction.
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Nerger, Bryan A., P. T. Brun, and Celeste M. Nelson. "Marangoni flows drive the alignment of fibrillar cell-laden hydrogels." Science Advances 6, no. 24 (June 2020): eaaz7748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz7748.

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When a sessile droplet containing a solute in a volatile solvent evaporates, flow in the droplet can transport and assemble solute particles into complex patterns. Transport in evaporating sessile droplets has largely been examined in solvents that undergo complete evaporation. Here, we demonstrate that flow in evaporating aqueous sessile droplets containing type I collagen—a self-assembling polymer—can be harnessed to engineer hydrated networks of aligned collagen fibers. We find that Marangoni flows direct collagen fiber assembly over millimeter-scale areas in a manner that depends on the rate of self-assembly, the relative humidity of the surrounding environment, and the geometry of the droplet. Skeletal muscle cells that are incorporated into and cultured within these evaporating droplets collectively orient and subsequently differentiate into myotubes in response to aligned networks of collagen. Our findings demonstrate a simple, tunable, and high-throughput approach to engineer aligned fibrillar hydrogels and cell-laden biomimetic materials.
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Karlsson, Linn, Anna-Lena Ljung, and T. Staffan Lundström. "Comparing Internal Flow in Freezing and Evaporating Water Droplets Using PIV." Water 12, no. 5 (May 23, 2020): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051489.

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The study of evaporation and freezing of droplets is important in, e.g., spray cooling, surface coating, ink-jet printing, and when dealing with icing on wind turbines, airplane wings, and roads. Due to the complex nature of the flow within droplets, a wide range of temperatures, from freezing temperatures to heating temperatures, have to be taken into account in order to increase the understanding of the flow behavior. This study aimed to reveal if natural convection and/or Marangoni convection influence the flow in freezing and evaporating droplets. Droplets were released on cold and warm surfaces using similar experimental techniques and setups, and the internal flow within freezing and evaporating water droplets were then investigated and compared to one another using Particle Image Velocimetry. It was shown that, for both freezing and evaporating droplets, a shift in flow direction occurs early in the processes. For the freezing droplets, this effect could be traced to the Marangoni convection, but this could not be concluded for the evaporating droplets. For both evaporating and freezing droplets, after the shift in flow direction, natural convection dominates the flow. In the end of the freezing process, conduction seems to be the only contributing factor for the flow.
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Liu, Jiangyu, Xinyu Guo, Yong Xu, and Xuemin Wu. "Spreading of Oil Droplets Containing Surfactants and Pesticides on Water Surface Based on the Marangoni Effect." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051408.

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Oil droplets containing surfactants and pesticides are expected to spread on a water surface, under the Marangoni effect, depending on the surfactant. Pesticides are transported into water through this phenomenon. A high-speed video camera was used to measure the movement of Marangoni ridges. Gas chromatography with an electron capture detector was used to analyze the concentration of the pesticide in water at different times. Oil droplets containing the surfactant and pesticide spread quickly on the water surface by Marangoni flow, forming an oil film and promoting emulsification of the oil–water interface, which enabled even transport of the pesticide into water, where it was then absorbed by weeds. Surfactants can decrease the surface tension of the water subphase after deposition, thereby enhancing the Marangoni effect in pesticide-containing oil droplets. The time and labor required for applying pesticides in rice fields can be greatly reduced by using the Marangoni effect to transport pesticides to the target.
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Pearlman, Stephanie I., Eric M. Tang, Yuankai K. Tao, and Frederick R. Haselton. "Controlling Droplet Marangoni Flows to Improve Microscopy-Based TB Diagnosis." Diagnostics 11, no. 11 (November 21, 2021): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112155.

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In developing countries, the most common diagnostic method for tuberculosis (TB) is microscopic examination sputum smears. Current assessment requires time-intensive inspection across the microscope slide area, and this contributes to its poor diagnostic sensitivity of ≈50%. Spatially concentrating TB bacteria in a smaller area is one potential approach to improve visual detection and potentially increase sensitivity. We hypothesized that a combination of magnetic concentration and induced droplet Marangoni flow would spatially concentrate Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the slide surface by preferential deposition of beads and TB–bead complexes in the center of an evaporating droplet. To this end, slide substrate and droplet solvent thermal conductivities and solvent surface tension, variables known to impact microfluidic flow patterns in evaporating droplets, were varied to select the most appropriate slide surface coating. Optimization in a model system used goniometry, optical coherence tomography, and microscope images of the final deposition pattern to observe the droplet flows and maximize central deposition of 1 μm fluorescent polystyrene particles and 200 nm nanoparticles (NPs) in 2 μL droplets. Rain-X® polysiloxane glass coating was identified as the best substrate material, with a PBS-Tween droplet solvent. The use of smaller, 200 nm magnetic NPs instead of larger 1 μm beads allowed for bright field imaging of bacteria. Using these optimized components, we compared standard smear methods to the Marangoni-based spatial concentration system, which was paired with magnetic enrichment using iron oxide NPs, isolating M. bovis BCG (BCG) from samples containing 0 and 103 to 106 bacilli/mL. Compared to standard smear preparation, paired analysis demonstrated a combined volumetric and spatial sample enrichment of 100-fold. With further refinement, this magnetic/Marangoni flow concentration approach is expected to improve whole-pathogen microscopy-based diagnosis of TB and other infectious diseases.
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Diddens, Christian, Huanshu Tan, Pengyu Lv, Michel Versluis, J. G. M. Kuerten, Xuehua Zhang, and Detlef Lohse. "Evaporating pure, binary and ternary droplets: thermal effects and axial symmetry breaking." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 823 (June 20, 2017): 470–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.312.

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The Greek aperitif Ouzo is not only famous for its specific anise-flavoured taste, but also for its ability to turn from a transparent miscible liquid to a milky-white coloured emulsion when water is added. Recently, it has been shown that this so-called Ouzo effect, i.e. the spontaneous emulsification of oil microdroplets, can also be triggered by the preferential evaporation of ethanol in an evaporating sessile Ouzo drop, leading to an amazingly rich drying process with multiple phase transitions (Tan et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 113 (31), 2016, pp. 8642–8647). Due to the enhanced evaporation near the contact line, the nucleation of oil droplets starts at the rim which results in an oil ring encircling the drop. Furthermore, the oil droplets are advected through the Ouzo drop by a fast solutal Marangoni flow. In this article, we investigate the evaporation of mixture droplets in more detail, by successively increasing the mixture complexity from pure water over a binary water–ethanol mixture to the ternary Ouzo mixture (water, ethanol and anise oil). In particular, axisymmetric and full three-dimensional finite element method simulations have been performed on these droplets to discuss thermal effects and the complicated flow in the droplet driven by an interplay of preferential evaporation, evaporative cooling and solutal and thermal Marangoni flow. By using image analysis techniques and micro-particle-image-velocimetry measurements, we are able to compare the numerically predicted volume evolutions and velocity fields with experimental data. The Ouzo droplet is furthermore investigated by confocal microscopy. It is shown that the oil ring predominantly emerges due to coalescence.
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Matsuda, Kazuki, Tenshin Oyama, Hirotaka Ishizuka, Shuji Hironaka, and Jun Fukai. "Effect of Marangoni Convection in a Droplet Containing Surfactant on Thin Film Shape." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133303002.

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In printed electronics, uniform and solute film formation by the inkjet method is very important. This study aims to clarify the relationship between Marangoni convection generated by adding surfactant and thinning of solute film. First, four types of surfactants were added one by one to the anisole-polystyrene solution with varying concentrations, and then a little amount of fluorescent polymer was added as tracer to each solution. Next, each solution was dropped on a hydrophilic substrate with a droplet diameter of 80 micrometers using an inkjet method, and the flow in the evaporation process and the shape of the solute film after drying were observed. As a result, Marangoni convection occurred when any surfactant was added at a certain concentration or more, and the solute film after drying of the droplets to which two kinds of surfactants were added became thin and approached a uniform shape. In addition, the measurement of surface tension showed that the visualized flow is the Marangoni convection.
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Matsuda, Kazuki, Tenshin Oyama, Hirotaka Ishizuka, Shuji Hironaka, and Jun Fukai. "Effect of Marangoni Convection in a Droplet Containing Surfactant on Thin Film Shape." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133303002.

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In printed electronics, uniform and solute film formation by the inkjet method is very important. This study aims to clarify the relationship between Marangoni convection generated by adding surfactant and thinning of solute film. First, four types of surfactants were added one by one to the anisole-polystyrene solution with varying concentrations, and then a little amount of fluorescent polymer was added as tracer to each solution. Next, each solution was dropped on a hydrophilic substrate with a droplet diameter of 80 micrometers using an inkjet method, and the flow in the evaporation process and the shape of the solute film after drying were observed. As a result, Marangoni convection occurred when any surfactant was added at a certain concentration or more, and the solute film after drying of the droplets to which two kinds of surfactants were added became thin and approached a uniform shape. In addition, the measurement of surface tension showed that the visualized flow is the Marangoni convection.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Marangoni Flow in Droplets"

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Alhendal, Yousuf A. "Computational two phase Marangoni flow in a microgravity environment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/computational-two-phase-marangoni-flow-in-a-microgravity-environment(a3ba6f7f-f619-4bae-a355-e7b007d97e13).html.

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The lack of significant buoyancy effects in zero-gravity conditions poses an issue with fluid transfer in a stagnant liquid. In this thesis, the movement of a bubble or droplet in both stagnant and rotating liquids is analysed and presented numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The governing continuum conservation equations for two-phase flow are solved using the commercial software package (2011). The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is used to track the liquid/gas interface in 2D and 3D domains. User-Defined Functions (UDFs) are employed in order to include the effect of surface tension gradient and fluid properties as a function of temperature, with a view to efficiently investigating temperature effects on the properties of the two phases. The flow is driven via Marangoni influence induced by the surface tension gradient, which in turn drives the bubble/droplet from the cold to the hot region. For stationary liquid, the results indicate that the scaled velocity of the bubble decreases with an increase in the Marangoni number, which agrees with the results of previous space experiments. An expression for predicting the scaled velocity of a bubble has been regressed based on the obtained data from the present numerical study for thermal Marangoni numbers up to 10,721. An expression for predicting the scaled velocity of a Fluorinert droplet migrating in oil has also been presented for an MaT range from 24.05 to 2771. The interactions of two droplets in thermocapillary motion have also been studied and compared with the results obtained for the isolated droplet. The results have shown that the leading droplet will not move faster than if it were isolated, as the trailing droplet has no influence on the velocity of the leading droplet. Three-dimensional results show that no bubbles broke in any of the cases observed and agglomeration could occur during thermocapillary migration for bubbles placed side by side. The results of the motion of a singular and multiple bubbles incorporating thermocapillary forces in a rotating liquid in a zero-gravity environment have been presented for the first time. When the Rossby number is 1, the effects of rotation are important. Furthermore, the deflection of the gas bubble motion increases towards the axis of rotation with a decrease in the Rossby number (Ro). Bubble population balance modelling has been investigated in normal gravity using Luo kernels for breakage and agglomeration and two different laminar kernels for zero-gravity conditions. The simulations covered a wide range of scenarios and results are presented as a bell and histogram shapes for number density and particle percentage distribution, respectively.
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Schmitt, Maximilian [Verfasser], Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] Stark, and Uwe [Gutachter] Thiele. "Active emulsion droplets driven by Marangoni flow / Maximilian Schmitt ; Gutachter: Uwe Thiele ; Betreuer: Holger Stark." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156010268/34.

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Li, Menglin [Verfasser]. "Self-propelled droplet driven by Marangoni flow and its applications / Menglin Li." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1224474856/34.

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Jehannin, Marie. "About the role of physico-chemical properties and hydrodynamics on the progress of a precipitation reaction : the case of cerium oxalate particles produced during coalescence of drops." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS265/document.

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Réussir à contrôler la morphologie et la taille de particules solides obtenues par précipitation est un enjeu industriel majeur. C’est notamment le cas dans l’industrie nucléaire pour le recyclage du combustible usé. Les caractéristiques des précipités sont liées aux conditions de mélange des phases liquides dans les procédés. Les corrélations entre les paramètres physiques des particules obtenues et les conditions hydrodynamiques n’ont pas été examinées jusqu’à présent. Dans cette étude, des systèmes expérimentaux originaux, basés sur la coalescence de deux gouttes, sont utilisés afin de mieux comprendre les liens entre hydrodynamique et réaction de précipitation. Deux configurations de gouttes aqueuses ont été investiguées, la première consiste en deux gouttes posées à fort angle de contact (>90°) dans l’huile, il s’agit d’un système modèle pour les gouttes en émulsion, la second configuration correspond à deux gouttes posées à faible angle de contact (>25°) dans l’air. Dans chaque cas, une espèce réactive est dissoute dans chaque goutte, à savoir de l’acide oxalique ou du nitrate de cérium dans la seconde. Lorsque les deux gouttes se touchent, elles peuvent éventuellement coalescer, alors les espèces chimiques se mélangent et réagissent pour produire un précipité d’oxalate de cérium. Les caractéristiques de ce précipité et ses effets sur l’hydrodynamique sont examinés en fonction du solvant utilisé. De plus, dans le cas des gouttes posées sur une surface de silice dans l’air, une différence de tension de surface entre deux gouttes crée un gradient qui génère un flux de Marangoni dirigé de la goutte de faible tension de surface au-dessus de la goutte de forte tension de surface. En jouant sur la différence de tension de surface entre les deux gouttes, et ainsi sur le flux de Marangoni, il est possible de modifier les conditions hydrodynamiques lors de la coalescence des gouttes. Des mélanges eau/diols ont été utilisés comme solvant afin de pouvoir modifier la différence de tension de surface entre les liquides des deux gouttes indépendamment de leur concentration en réactif. Les diols utilisés, le 1,2-propanediol et le 1,3-propanediol sont des isomères, ils sont la même densité, des viscosités semblables mais des tensions de surface différentes. En fixant la fraction volumique d’eau dans le solvant, et en jouant sur les fractions volumiques de chaque diols, il est possible de contrôler la tension de surface des mélanges sur une gamme de 10 mN/m pour une concentration en réactifs donnée, et en conservant la densité et viscosité des solvants. Trois régimes de précipitation ont été identifiés dans le cas de la coalescence de gouttes d’eau/diols/réactifs en fonction de l’excès oxalique. Les motifs de précipitation en découlant ont été imagés par microscopie optique et les différents précipités ont été caractérisés à l’aide de microscopie confocale, MEB, DRX et SAXS. Le régime intermédiaire présente des motifs périodiques surprenants. Ces motifs correspondent à des domaines nettement délimités d’oxalate de cérium de différentes morphologies, à savoir des aiguilles et des « microflowers ». L’obtention de tels motifs peut s’expliquer par un mécanisme de rétroaction entre convection, réaction et diffusion
The size and morphology control of precipitated solid particles is a major economic issue for numerous industries. For instance, it is interesting for the nuclear industry, concerning the recovery of radioactive species from used nuclear fuel. The precipitates features, which are a key parameter from the post-precipitate processing, depend on the process local mixing conditions. So far, the relationship between precipitation features and hydrodynamic conditions have not been investigated. In this study, a new experimental configuration consisting of coalescing drops is set to investigate the link between reactive crystallization and hydrodynamics. Two configurations of aqueous drops are examined. The first one corresponds to high contact angle drops (>90°) in oil, as a model system for flowing drops, the second one correspond to sessile drops in air with low contact angle (<25°). In both cases, one reactive is dissolved in each drop, namely oxalic acid and cerium nitrate. When both drops get into contact, they may coalesce; the dissolved species mix and react to produce insoluble cerium oxalate. The precipitates features and effect on hydrodynamics are investigated depending on the solvent. In the case of sessile drops in air, the surface tension difference between the drops generates a gradient which induces a Marangoni flow from the low surface tension drop over the high surface tension drop. By setting the surface tension difference between the two drops and thus the Marangoni flow, the hydrodynamics conditions during the drop coalescence could be modified. Diols/water mixtures are used as solvent, in order to fix the surface tension difference between the liquids of both drops regardless from the reactant concentration. More precisely, the used diols, 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol, are isomer with identical density and close viscosity. By keeping the water volume fraction constant and playing with the 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol volume fractions of the solvents, the mixtures surface tensions differ up to 10 mN/m for identical/constant reactant concentration, density and viscosity.Three precipitation behaviors were identified for the coalescence of water/diols/recatants drops depending on the oxalic excess. The corresponding precipitates patterns are visualized by optical microscopy and the precipitates are characterized by confocal microscopy SEM, XRD and SAXS measurements. In the intermediate oxalic excess regime, formation of periodic patterns can be observed. These patterns consist in alternating cerium oxalate precipitates with distinct morphologies, namely needles and “microflowers”. Such periodic fringes can be explained by a feedback mechanism between convection, reaction and the diffusion
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Tsoumpas, Ioannis. "Experimental study of the evaporation of sessile droplets of perfectly-wetting pure liquids." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209196.

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The study presented in this dissertation concerns the evaporation, in normal ambient conditions, of sessile droplets (pinned and freely receding) of various HFE liquids (instead of the widely used water), which are considered so far as environmentally friendly and are often used as heat-transfer fluids in thermal management applications. They are pure perfectly-wetting and volatile liquids with low thermal conductivity and high vapor density. These properties affect in their own way many aspects concerning droplet evaporation such as the evaporation-induced contact angles, evaporation rate of a droplet, contact line pinning and Marangoni flow, all of which are treated in the present dissertation.

In general, the thesis starts with a general introduction including but not limited to sessile droplets (Chapter 1). In Chapter 2 we provide a general overview of capillarity-related concepts. Then, in Chapter 3 we present the interferometric setup, along with the liquids and the substrate that is used in the experiments, and also explain the reasons why this particular method is chosen. In Chapter 4 we address, among others, the issue of evaporation-induced contact angles under complete wetting conditions. The behavior of the global evaporation rate is also examined here, whereas in Chapter 5 we discuss the influence of thermocapillary stresses on the shape of strongly evaporating droplets. Finally, before concluding in Chapter 7, we address in Chapter 6 the still open question of the influence of non-equilibrium effects, such as evaporation, on the contact-line pinning at a sharp edge, a phenomenon usually described in the framework of equilibrium thermodynamics. The experimental results obtained are also compared with the predictions of existing theoretical models giving rise to interesting conclusions and promising perspectives for future research.


Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Burge, Wayne. "Marangoni Instabilities in Two-Layer Fluid Flow." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518388.

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Weiss, Michael. "Surfactant adsorption and Marangoni flow in liquid jets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7e313dbf-30b6-4ad7-8607-c75e89b084eb.

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Khaw, Mei Kum. "Studies on Magnetically Actuated Droplets for Digital Microfluidic." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365947.

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Digital microfluidic is an emerging liquid handling technique where discrete droplets are manipulated on a substrate. For the past decades, conventional microfluidic applications are based on continuous flow concept. They require complicated networks of channels, pumps and valves to manage the flow of droplets in microchannels. In digital microfluidics, droplets are moved individually on an open surface. The droplets have the flexibility to move in various directions, making a single device flexible for diverse reaction designs and applications. The manipulation of discrete droplets allows reduction in sample size, faster heat transfer and reaction rates and easier collection of samples. The droplets can be manipulated via electrostatic force, magnetic force, gravitational force, pressure gradient, pH change, surfactant concentration, temperature change, Marangoni propulsion and light-induced surface tension gradient. Magnetic actuation is an excellent candidate for digital microfluidic applications because of the simplicity of using external magnetic field for a non-contact and non-invasive control over magnetised droplets. The magnetic field can penetrate through substrates and biological materials. There is also a wide variety of available magnetic particles and it is easy to control the amount of magnetic particles loaded into the carrier liquid. Some magnetic particles can absorb nucleic acids and other biomolecules making it possible for biomolecular separation. Magnetic manipulation is not affected by factors such as surface charges, pH and ion concentration. In most cases, magnetic manipulation does not induce heating.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Semenov, Sergey. "Computer simulations of evaporation of sessile liquid droplets on solid substrates." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10277.

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Present work is focused on the numerical study of evaporation of sessile liquid droplets on top of smooth solid substrates. The process of evaporation of a sessile liquid droplet has lots of different applications both in industry and research area. This process has been under study for many years, and still it is an actual problem, solution of which can give answers on some fundamental and practical questions. Instantaneous distribution of mass and heat fluxes inside and outside of an evaporating sessile droplet is studied in this research using computer simulations. The deduced dependences of instantaneous fluxes are applied for self-consistent calculations of time evolution of evaporating sessile droplets. The proposed theory of evaporating sessile droplets of liquid has been validated against available experimental data, and has shown a good agreement. Evaporation of surfactant solution droplets is studied experimentally. The theory, proposed for two stages of evaporation, fits experimental data well. An additional evaporation stage, specific for surfactant solutions, is observed and described. Mathematical modelling of this stage requires further research on surfactant adsorption and its influence on the value of receding contact angle. Numerical study of the evaporation of microdroplets is conducted in order to evaluate the significance of different evaporation mechanisms (diffusive and kinetic models of evaporation) and different physical phenomena (Kelvin s equation, latent heat of vaporization, thermal Marangoni convection, Stefan flow).
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Chatterjee, Aniruddha. "Physical and computational models of Marangoni and buoyancy flow during dissolution." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43172.

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During the production of titanium products, the presence of aluminum-rich regions can cause Type II alpha stabilized defects which are deleterious to down-stream performance. Al-rich material can enter the melt via ballistic transfer from the melting hearth at various stages during electron beam cold hearth re-melting (EBCHR) of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-6wt%Al-4wt%V) alloy. If this material is not fully dissolved and homogenized when solidification occurs, the ingot will contain Al-rich regions. Thus, in order to produce high-performance components for aerospace applications, titanium producers must understand the dissolution process for alloying elements entering the melt. To study and characterize the phenomena associated with the dissolution and homogenization of alloying elements during EBCHR processing of Ti-6Al-4V, a water-ethanol physical analogue model has been developed to simulate the thermal, compositional and fluid flow behavior that are active in the dissolution process. The physical model consists of a hot water solvent contained in a transparent cell (beaker) in which solidified ethanol or ice solute is dipped. The data generated from the physical model was used to validate a coupled thermal- fluid flow-composition model (developed in the commercial CFD code ANSYS CFX). The analogue model focuses on characterizing the effects of thermal and compositional variations on surface tension driven fluid flow (Marangoni flow) and buoyancy driven flow during the dissolution of a low density, low surface tension and low melting point solid material (frozen ethanol) in a high density, high surface tension and high melting point liquid (water), which was found to be analogous to the dissolution of solid Al in liquid Ti. In addition, the analogue model was also capable to predict the dissolution behavior when there was no compositional difference between the solute and the solvent. Based on a comparison of fluid flow pattern and interface shape, and temperature data obtained at discrete locations in the experimental and computational results, the numerical model has been shown to quantitatively and qualitatively predict the dissolution behavior observed in the physical process.
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Books on the topic "Marangoni Flow in Droplets"

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Huber, Michael R. An investigation of low Marangoni number fluid flow in a cold corner. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1993.

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Crowe, C. T. Multiphase flows with droplets and particles. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1998.

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Crowe, C. T. Multiphase flows with droplets and particles. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1998.

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E, McCaughan Frances, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Coupled Marangoni-Benard/Rayleigh-Benard instability with temperature dependent viscosity. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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E, McCaughan Frances, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Coupled Marangoni-Benard/Rayleigh-Benard instability with temperature dependent viscosity. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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J, Lugt Hans, Naval Surface Warfare Center (U.S.). Carderock Division., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Marangoni convection in a gravity-free silicon float zone. Bethesda, Md: Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, 1994.

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Multiphase flows with droplets and particles. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.

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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Final technical report for NASA grant NAG3-1501 entitled oscillatory/chaotic thermocapillatary flow induced by radiant heating: Submitted January, 1998 for the period 6-1-93 to 11-30-96. Cleveland, Ohio: NASA Lewis Research Center, 1998.

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Benocci, C. A prediction method for the air-droplets flow in the inlet section of a natural draught cooling tower. Rhode Saint Genese, Belgium: von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 1986.

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R, Kadambi J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Generation of monodisperse droplets by spontaneous condensation of flow in nozzles: Final technical report. Cleveland, Ohio: Dept. of Mechanical and Aeropsace [i.e. Aerospace] Engineering, Case Western University, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Marangoni Flow in Droplets"

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Xu, Xuefeng, and Jianbin Luo. "Marangoni Stress and Its Effects on the Flow in an Evaporating Sessile Droplet." In Advanced Tribology, 186–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03653-8_63.

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Kolev, Nikolay Ivanov. "Liquid droplets." In Multiphase Flow Dynamics 3, 283–317. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21372-4_12.

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Suzuno, Kohta, Daishin Ueyama, Michal Branicki, Rita Tóth, Artur Braun, and István Lagzi. "Marangoni Flow Driven Maze Solving." In Emergence, Complexity and Computation, 237–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33921-4_10.

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Budden, Matthias, Steffen Schneider, J. Michael Köhler, and Brian P. Cahill. "Electrical Switching of Droplets and Fluid Segments." In Micro-Segmented Flow, 31–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38780-7_3.

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Sandnes, Bjørnar, and David Molenaar. "Emerging Stripe Patterns in Drying Suspension Droplets." In Traffic and Granular Flow ’07, 635–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77074-9_70.

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van der Reijden-Stolk, C., A. S. van Heel, J. Schut, and J. van Dam. "Deformation and Break-up of Droplets in Elongational Flow." In Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology—2, 525–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1361-5_80.

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Dittrich, Lars, and Martin Hoffmann. "Chip-Integrated Solutions for Manipulation and Sorting of Micro Droplets and Fluid Segments by Electrical Actuation." In Micro-Segmented Flow, 55–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38780-7_4.

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Dijkstra, Henk A. "Analysis of Flow Development Due to Marangoni Convection in a Mass Transfer System." In NATO ASI Series, 337–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0707-5_24.

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Marek, R., and J. Straub. "Three-Dimensional Transient Simulation of Marangoni Flow in a Cylindrical Enclosure under Various Gravity Levels." In Microgravity Fluid Mechanics, 99–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50091-6_10.

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Indumathi, N., A. K. Abdul Hakeem, B. Ganga, and R. Jayaprakash. "Marangoni Convection of Titanium Dioxide/Ethylene Glycol Dusty Nanoliquid MHD Flow Past a Flat Plate." In Advances in Fluid Dynamics, 243–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4308-1_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Marangoni Flow in Droplets"

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Dong, Qingming, Zhentao Wang, Yonghui Zhang, and Junfeng Wang. "Numerical Simulation of Interior Flow in Evaporation Droplet." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-22143.

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In this present study, the VOF (Volume of Fluid) approach is adopted to capture the interface, and CSF (Continuum Surface Force) model to calculate the surface tension, and the governing equations are founded in numerical simulation of evaporating droplets. In this work, a water droplet is assumed to be suspending in high temperature air, and the gravity of a droplet is ignored. During evaporating process of the droplet, the internal circulation flow will be induced due to the gradient of temperature at the droplet surface. The interface flows from high temperature area to low temperature area, which pulls the liquid to produce convective flow inside the droplet called as Marangoni flow. Marangoni flow makes the temperature distribution tend to uniformity, which enhances heat transfer but weakens Marangoni flow in turn. So, during droplet evaporation, the internal flow is not steady.
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Jeong, H., J. van Tiem, Y. B. Gianchandani, and J. Park. "NANO-PARTICLE SEPARATION USING MARANGONI FLOW IN EVAPORATING DROPLETS." In 2014 Solid-State, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop. San Diego: Transducer Research Foundation, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31438/trf.hh2014.60.

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Hu, Dinghua, Huiying Wu, and Zhenyu Liu. "Effect of Marangoni Flow on the Evaporation Rate of Sessile Droplets." In The 15th International Heat Transfer Conference. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc15.evp.009419.

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Song, Suping, and Ben Q. Li. "Surface Deformation and Thermal Convection in Electrostatically-Positioned Droplets Under Microgravity." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1120.

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Abstract Electrostatically positioned droplets are very useful for the fundamental study of solidification phenomena and the measurement of thermal physical properties. This paper descries a numerical analysis of surface deformation and surface tension driven flows in electrostatically positioned droplets in microgravity. The analysis is based on a fully coupled boundary element and finite element solution of the Maxwell equations, the Navier-Stokes equations and the energy balance equation. Results show that an applied electrostatic field results in a nonuniform electric stress distribution along the droplet surface, which, combined with surface tension, causes the droplet to deform into an ellipsoidal shape in microgravity. Laser heating induces a non-uniform temperature distribution in the droplet, which in turn produces Marangoni convection in the droplet. It is found that the viscous stress contribution to the deformation is small for a majority of cases. Also, a higher temperature gradient produces a stronger Marangoni convection in droplets with higher melting points that require more laser power. The internal recirculating flow may be reduced by more uniform laser heating. During the undercooling of the droplet, both temperature and fluid flow fields evolve in time such that the temperature gradient and the tangential velocities along the droplet surface subside in magnitude and reverse their directions.
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Motosuke, Masahiro, Asami Hoshi, and Shinji Honami. "Photothermal Marangoni Convection for the Usage of Characterized Droplet Manipulation in Microfluidic Chip." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73304.

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Droplet-based microfluidics which involves discrete volumes with the use of immiscible phases enable controlled and rapid mixing inside the droplet and promoted reaction of reagents or cells. It can be operated as “digital fluidic platform.” Due to high surface area to volume ratio of transport phenomena in microscale, an interfacial behavior becomes more predominant than continuous-flow-based microfluidics. In this study, we have investigated an interfacial flow control based on local photothermal excitation of the interfacial tension gradient resulting in Marangoni convection for droplet manipulation in a microfluidic chip. The surface Marangoni flow occurs by the local thermal gradient induced by the localized light irradiation which is spatially characterized by a mask with a specific aperture geometry. In controlled droplet generation and manipulation, oil-in-water (O/W) system, oleic acid as the dispersed phase, were used in the present experiments. Droplets have volumes from 0.5 to 65 pL, corresponding to diameters from 10 to 50 μm. A microfluidic chip consists of two PDMS (polydimethylsiloxiane) channel layers fabricated using the softlithography. Spatially characterized heating is produced by a DPSS laser with a wavelength of 532 nanometers, a mask with aperture and a reduced-projection exposure optics. The light irradiation generates local temperature change in the continuous phase which can cause interfacial tension gradient when droplets come to the illuminated area. As a result, the droplet experiences a repulsion force from the illuminated area with high temperature because the liquid-liquid interface in this case has positive temperature dependence on the tension. The droplet can be trapped in the microchannel when U- or V-shaped light pattern is irradiated. When a light pattern with nozzle-like geometry is irradiated, droplets were focused toward the exit of the nozzle avoiding the irradiated area. The performances of the trapping and focusing of droplets due to the optically-induced interfacial flow were evaluated through behaviors of droplets with different sizes and light powers. The estimation of forces acting on a drop due to the photothermal Marangoni convection was also conducted.
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Zhong, Xin, and Fei Duan. "Nanoparticle Motion and Deposition Pattern From Evaporating Binary Droplets." In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6477.

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The effect of ethanol in the binary solution sessile droplet is investigated on the flow field, nanoparticle motion and nanoparticle deposition pattern. It is found that the droplets with ethanol exhibited three distinct flow regimes through the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis on the flow field of droplets suspended with fluorescent microspheres. Regime I features furious flows and vortices which transport particles to the liquid-vapor interface and make them aggregate. In regime II, the aggregates of particles move towards the central area of the droplet dominated by Marangoni flow led by non-uniformity of ethanol along the droplet surface. As the droplet enters regime III, most ethanol has evaporated and it is dominated by the drying of the remaining water. The loading of ethanol in the solution prolongs the relative durations of regimes I and II, resulting in the variety of the final drying pattern of nanoparticles.
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Salman, W. M., H. A. Ali, M. S. Abdelsalam, M. F. F. El-Dosoky, and M. Abdelgawad. "Interfacial Electrical Shear Stresses Induce Electrohydrodynamic Flows Inside Droplets Actuated by Electrowetting." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51579.

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In this paper, we numerically investigated electrohydrodynamic flows generated inside droplets undergoing electrowetting. We prove that interfacial shear stresses at the droplet interface are capable, alone, of generating internal electrohydrodynamic flow inside the droplet contrary to previous reports which refer such flows to electrothermal effects. The obtained fluid flow pattern agrees well with previously reported experimental results at the low frequency range of 8∼15 kHz where the effect of all other phenomena (electrothermal, Marangoni, oscillation) are negligible. We studied the effect of applied voltage, frequency, and electrical conductivity of the droplet on the magnitude of the velocity of generated flows. The results obtained will be useful in choosing best conditions to enhance mixing inside droplets while at the same time avoiding temperature rise associated with electrothermal flows which are incompatible with some biological applications.
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Lu, Yen-Wen, and Rakesh Dhull. "Marangoni Flow-Induced Droplet Deformation for Micromirror Applications." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18434.

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A simple method that utilizes Marangoni flow to create droplet deformation and to tilt micro-objects is presented. Contact angle hysteresis is employed to prevent the droplet from rolling away from the position. The device consists of a micromirror placed on the droplet, and can produce a 6.5° tilting angle when actuated at 30 V. It also demonstrates its scanning capability and potential as a micromirror.
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Huo, Y., X. Ai, and B. Q. Li. "Computation and Visualizaion of 3-D Marangoni and Magnetically-Driven Flows in Droplets." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42822.

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This paper presents a computational and visualization tool kit for the numerical modeling of 3-D Marangoni and/or magnetically-driven turbulent flows in droplets under normal and/or microgravity conditions. The computational part involves the finite element solution of steady-state and transient 3-D Marangoni flows in electrically levitated droplets and the higher order finite difference method for the direction numerical simulation of tubulences in electromagnetically levitated droplets. Both the electrically and magnetically droplets have been used for study of fundamentals governing solidification processing in normal and mcrio gravity. The visualization part is developed based on the UNIX/X-motif platform and on the advanced algorithms for multi-dimensional computer graphics. The visualization tool kit employs the algorithms for data retrieving, partitoning, sorting and searching algorithms, and 3-D/2-D object clipping. An efficient algorithm used for plane and body cutting and particle tracing is presented. The mathematical formulation used in developing the above computational tool kit, including computational and differential geometry, is also discussed. Examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the tool kit as applied to the numerical simulation and computer visualization of complex steady state and transient three-dimensional Marangoni and turbulent magnetically driven flows in free droplets.
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Shahriari, Arjang, Palash V. Acharya, and Vaibhav Bahadur. "Modeling the Influence of Marangoni Flows on the Leidenfrost State on Solid and Liquid Substrates." In ASME 2018 16th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2018-7720.

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Boiling heat transfer affects various processes related to energy, water and manufacturing. In the film boiling regime, heat transfer is substantially lower than in the nucleate boiling regime, due to the formation of a vapor layer at the solid-liquid interface (Leidenfrost effect). In this work, we present analytical modeling of the Leidenfrost state of droplets on solid and liquid substrates. A key aspect of this study is the focus on surface tension gradients on the surface of a liquid (Leidenfrost droplet or liquid substrate), which actuate thermo-capillary driven Marangoni flows. It is noted that this work develops a first-order simplified model, which assumes a uniform vapor layer thickness. The presence of Marangoni flows has non-trivial implications on the resulting thickness of the Leidenfrost vapor layer. Our analysis shows that the pumping effect generated in the vapor layer due to Marangoni flows can significantly reduce the Leidenfrost vapor layer thickness.
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Reports on the topic "Marangoni Flow in Droplets"

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Ananth, Ramagopal, and Richard C. Mowrey. Extinction Dynamics of a Co-flow Diffusion Flame by Very Small Water Droplets Injected into the Air Stream. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada484612.

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Das and He. PR-015-143601-Z01 Drying Time of Residual Hydrotest Water in Crevices and Dead Legs. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010852.

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The objective of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of the dewatering process after hydrotesting and to examine the internal corrosion threat posed by residual water trapped in crevices and water pushed into a dead leg. A "time to dry" calculation for both cases was conducted based on pipeline operating conditions. Analysis of the evaporation of water trapped in crevices indicated that maintaining low pressures and high temperatures are the most effective measures for drying the trapped water. At the lowest pressure of 14.7 psi and at 100 �F, trapped water can be dried in days. At increased pressure or decreased temperature, a pipeline may become saturated with water vapor, completely stopping evaporation. Other factors such as crevice geometry, water content, and water type had insignificant effects on water drying from a crevice. The geometry considered for water drying in a dead leg included the entire dead leg, a section of the main line, and a section of the lateral line in a horizontal orientation. Analysis indicated that gas flow in the main pipe forced the accumulated liquid water from the dead leg to move upstream in the main and subsequently evacuate through the lateral and pipe exit. The process of purging 99% of the liquid water from the dead leg was rapid, usually within minutes into operation of the pipeline. However, the small droplets, streaks and globules of water that are left behind may take a longer time to evaporate or be purged. A sloped dead leg configuration may enable a standing pool of water to accumulate in the dead leg, which would take substantially longer to evaporate than small water droplets. Further study that ac-counts for different dead leg orientations is recommended to provide a more complete understanding of the internal corrosion risk in dead legs.
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