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Journal articles on the topic 'Maraging steel 300'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Mooney, Barry, and Kyriakos Kourousis. "A Review of Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Maraging Steel 300 Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Metals 10, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091273.

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Maraging steel is an engineering alloy which has been widely employed in metal additive manufacturing. This paper examines manufacturing and post-processing factors affecting the properties of maraging steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). It covers the review of published research findings on how powder quality feedstock, processing parameters, laser scan strategy, build orientation and heat treatment can influence the microstructure, density and porosity, defects and residual stresses developed on L-PBF maraging steel, with a focus on the maraging steel 300 alloy. This review offers an evaluation of the resulting mechanical properties of the as-built and heat-treated maraging steel 300, with a focus on anisotropic characteristics. Possible directions for further research are also identified.

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2

Bae, Kichang, Dohyung Kim, Wookjin Lee, and Yongho Park. "Wear Behavior of Conventionally and Directly Aged Maraging 18Ni-300 Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 16, 2021): 2588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102588.

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This study aims to explore the wear performance of maraging 18Ni-300 steel, fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The building direction dependence of wear resistance was investigated with various wear loads and in terms of ball-on-disk wear tests. The effect of direct aging heat treatment, i.e., aging without solution heat treatment, on the wear performance was investigated by comparing the wear rates of directly aged samples, followed by solution heat treatment. The effect of counterpart material on the wear performance of the maraging steel was studied using two counterpart materials of bearing steel and ZrO2 balls. When the bearing steel ball was used as the counterpart material, both the as-built and heat-treated maraging steel produced by the LPBF showed pronounced building direction dependence on their wear performance when the applied wear load was sufficiently high. However, when the ZrO2 ball was used as the counterpart material, isotropic wear resistance was reported. The maraging steel produced by the LPBF demonstrated excellent wear resistance, particularly when it was aging heat-treated and the counterpart material was ZrO2. The directly aged sample showed wear performance almost the same as the sample solution heat-treated and then aged, indicating that direct aging can be used as an alternative post heat treatment for tribological applications of the maraging steels produced by LPBF.

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Sun, Kun, Weixiang Peng, Binghui Wei, Longlong Yang, and Liang Fang. "Friction and Wear Characteristics of 18Ni(300) Maraging Steel under High-Speed Dry Sliding Conditions." Materials 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071485.

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18Ni(300) maraging steel, which has exceptional strength and toughness, is used in the field of aviation and aerospace. In this paper, using a high-speed tribo-tester, tribological behaviors of 18Ni(300) maraging steel were investigated under high-speed dry sliding conditions. Morphology of the worn surfaces and the debris was analyzed by scanning electron microscope, and the oxides of worn surfaces caused by friction heat were detected by X-ray diffraction. The experiment results reveal that the friction coefficient of frictional pairs declines with increasing load and speed. With the speed and load increasing, oxides of the worn surfaces of 18Ni(300) maraging steel change from FeO to Fe3O4 and the wear mechanism converts from adhesive wear into severe oxidative or extrusion wear.

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4

Jagadish, C. A., and Nadig Priyanka. "Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of 18Ni-300 Grade Maraging Steel Built Using the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) Technology." Key Engineering Materials 719 (November 2016): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.719.114.

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Maraging steels belong to the class of steels that are found to have a unique combination of ultra-high strength and good fracture toughness, due to which they find uses in critical applications such as aircraft forgings, pressure vessels, missile casings, hydraulic hoses etc. Several studies on the effect of cryogenic treatment on various grades of Tool steels & Maraging steels have shown significant improvements in mechanical properties and dimensional stability.DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering), an additive manufacturing technology, is increasingly becoming popular to build intricate high quality functional parts & rapid prototypes. DMLS technology uses a high intensity laser to build components layer by layer, directly from CAD data without the need for tooling. It is possible to build internal features and passages that are not possible in conventional manufacturing routes. Maraging Steel is used extensively to build functional parts by DMLS process especially for Tool and Die applications. However, very few findings have been reported on the effect of cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of Maraging steel built through this route. In this study, effect of cryogenic treatment on Maraging Steel grade 300 built by DMLS process is discussed. Test specimens were built in horizontal and vertical directions to see the effect of build direction on the properties. Half the specimens were given standard DMLS precipitation hardening heat treatment and the rest were given cryogenic treatment in addition to routine thermal treatment. Mechanical properties such as - tensile, impact properties , hardness, & density between the two sets of treatments are reported and discussed. Metallurgical structures are compared and findings are also reported.

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5

Lombardo, Sandro, Renan Nascimento Ferreira, Lucas Augusto de Souza Santos, José Wilson de Jesus Silva, Vladimir Henrique Bagio Scheid, and Antonio Jorge Abdalla. "Microstructural Characterization of Joints of Maraging 300 Steel Welded by Laser and Subjected to Plasma Nitriding Treatment." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.479.

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Amongst the ultra high strength steels, the maraging steels have been noticed because they maintain the fracture toughness superior to other steels of their class. The main difference is the way they acquire resistance. While the conventional carbon steels raise their resistance by heat treatments forming harder phases such as martensite or bainitic constituents, the maraging steels harden by intermetallic particles precipitation. These steels are very promising for several applications, mainly for the aerospace or nuclear areas. In this work, tests of laser welding on a sample of maraging 300 steel, have been carried out, by applying aging at several times and temperatures and analyzing the influence of plasma treatment on the steel microstructure and resistance. The results are promising and show that this welding process is viable and can even be associated with nitriding to improve the surface characteristics. It was observed that the temperature choice and aging time are fundamental to reach high mechanical resistance levels. Temperature values about 480 oC and time 10,800 seconds proved to be suitable for this treatment. The loss of strength in the welded joints, after the aging treatment, was less than 10%. It was also noticed that when the plasma nitriding treatment is applied, aging occurs simultaneously, therefore it is important to select temperature and treatment time in order to optimized the aging process as well.

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6

Król, Mariusz, Przemysław Snopiński, Jiří Hajnyš, Marek Pagáč, and Dariusz Łukowiec. "Selective Laser Melting of 18NI-300 Maraging Steel." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 4268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194268.

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In the present study, 18% Ni 300 maraging steel powder was processed using a selective laser melting (SLM) technique to study porosity variations, microstructure, and hardness using various process conditions, while maintaining a constant level of energy density. Nowadays, there is wide range of utilization of metal technologies and its products can obtain high relative density. A dilatometry study revealed that, through heating cycles, two solid-state effects took place, i.e., precipitation of intermetallic compounds and the reversion of martensite to austenite. During the cooling process, one reaction took place (i.e., martensitic transformation), which was confirmed by microstructure observation. The improvements in the Rockwell hardness of the analyzed material from 42 ± 2 to 52 ± 0.5 HRC was improved as a result of aging treatment at 480 °C for 5 h. The results revealed that the relative density increased using laser speed (340 mm/s), layer thickness (30 µm), and hatch distance (120 µm). Relative density was found approximately 99.3%. Knowledge about the influence of individual parameters in the SLM process on porosity will enable potential manufacturers to produce high quality components with desired properties.

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7

NEDELCU, I., Irina CARCEANU, G. COSMELEATA, and I. ROCEANU. "THE MECHANISM OF HARDENING FOR MARAGING 300 STEEL." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 12, ASAT CONFERENCE (May 1, 2007): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.2007.23999.

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8

Kučerová, Ludmila, Andrea Jandová, and Ivana Zetková. "Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured and Conventional Maraging Steel." Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.133.

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Maraging steel is an iron-nickel steel alloy, which achieves very good material properties like high toughness, hardness, good weldability, high strength and dimensional stability during heat treatment. In this work, maraging steel 18Ni-300 was manufactured by selective laser melting. It is a method of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, which produces prototypes and functional parts. Sample of additively manufactured and conventional steel with the same chemical composition were tested after in three different states – heat treated (as-built/as-received), solution annealed and precipitation hardened. Resulting microstructures were analysed by light and scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties were obtained by hardness measurement and tensile test. Cellular martensitic microstructures were observed in additively manufactured samples and conventional maraging steel consisted of lath martensitic microstructures. Very similar mechanical properties were obtained for both steels after the application of the same heat treatment. Ultimate tensile strengths reached 839 – 900 MPa for samples without heat treatment and heat treated by solution annealing, the samples after precipitation hardening had tensile strengths of 1577 – 1711 MPa.

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9

Kawagoishi, Norio, Kazuhiro Morino, Hironobu Nisitani, Nu Yan, and Takashi Yamakita. "Fatigue Strength of Nitrided 18Ni 300 Grade Maraging Steel." Key Engineering Materials 251-252 (October 2003): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.251-252.33.

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10

Hermann Becker, Thorsten, and Dimitri Dimitrov. "The achievable mechanical properties of SLM produced Maraging Steel 300 components." Rapid Prototyping Journal 22, no. 3 (April 18, 2016): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2014-0096.

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Purpose Selective laser melting (SLM) is a process that produces near net shape parts from metallic powders. A concern with SLM-produced metals is the achievable materials performance with respect to mechanical properties. Particularly, three important aspects strongly affect the mechanical properties of the material: internal stresses resulting from steep temperature gradients and high cooling rates, the resulting microstructure and the occurrence of pores and flaws. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents SLM-produced maraging steel 300 (18Ni-300), an iron-nickel steel alloy often used in applications where high fracture toughness and strength are required. The steel’s achievable tensile, crack growth and hardness properties and the manner in which these compare to the wrought counterpart are reported. In addition, this paper investigates the porosity distribution and achievable density, residual stress levels and post-processing procedures using heat-treatments. Findings It is found that tensile properties, hardness and microstructure compare well to its wrought counterpart. Fatigue growth rates are also comparable, though they are influenced by residual stresses and microstructure. Originality/value The investigation into the mechanical performance addresses two issues: the achievable mechanical properties and the understanding of the link between the manufacturing process and the achievable material performance.

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11

Kim, Dohyung, Taehwan Kim, Kyeongsik Ha, Jeong-Jung Oak, Jong Bae Jeon, Yongho Park, and Wookjin Lee. "Effect of Heat Treatment Condition on Microstructural and Mechanical Anisotropies of Selective Laser Melted Maraging 18Ni-300 Steel." Metals 10, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030410.

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18Ni-300 maraging steel produced by the selective laser melting (SLM) process has a unique microstructure that is different from that of the same alloy processed by conventional methods. In this paper, maraging steels were fabricated by the selective laser melting process and their microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated in terms of post heat treatment conditions. Moreover, the effect of different heat treatments on the mechanical anisotropy was studied in detail. The micro Vickers hardness in the as-built state was around 340 Hv and could be increased to approximately 600 Hv by aging heat treatments. It was found that the solution heat treatment was not necessary to obtain a fully hardened state. From tensile tests of the maraging steels heat treated with different conditions, it was found that the highest strength was achieved by aging and solution treatment (ST) temperatures lower than the commonly used temperatures. In the direction parallel to the laser scanning, the highest ultimate tensile strength was obtained when 450 °C aging was done without solution heat treatment. In the other two directions tested, i.e., directions normal to the building and 45 degrees to the laser scanning direction, the highest tensile strength was obtained when aging was done at 450 °C after 750 °C solution treatment.

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12

dos Reis, Adriano Gonçalves, Danieli Aparecida Pereira Reis, Antônio Jorge Abdalla, and Jorge Otubo. "Effect of Plasma Nitriding on Creep Behavior at 550 °C of a Maraging Steel (300 Grade) Solution Annealed." Materials Science Forum 802 (December 2014): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.802.452.

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The objective of this work is to evaluate creep behavior of a maraging steel (300 grade) solution annealed before and after superficial treatment of plasma nitriding. Creep tests were conducted on a standard creep machine at stress range of 200 to 500 MPa at 550°C. Samples with a gage length of 18.5 mm and a diameter of 3.0 mm were used for all tests. Creep parameters are determined and a comparative analysis is established with the results gotten from the alloy with and without plasma nitriding. Maraging 300 steel plasma nitrided has showed a similar creep behavior compared with the same alloy without superficial treatment, with creep rate and stress exponent results very close to the material only solution annealed. This result can be associated with the strong impact of reversion of martensite to austenite and overaging at this temperature and time of exposure that minimizes the benefits of a superficial treatment.

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13

Simson, Thomas, Jürgen Koch, Jakub Rosenthal, Miloslav Kepka, Miroslav Zetek, Ivana Zetková, Gerhard Wolf, Petr Tomčík, and Jiři Kulhánek. "Mechanical Properties of 18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by LPBF." Procedia Structural Integrity 17 (2019): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2019.08.112.

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14

Santos, L. P. M., M. Béreš, I. N. Bastos, S. S. M. Tavares, H. F. G. Abreu, and M. J. Gomes da Silva. "Hydrogen embrittlement of ultra high strength 300 grade maraging steel." Corrosion Science 101 (December 2015): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2015.06.022.

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15

Simson, T., J. Koch, M. Zetek, and I. Zetková. "Corrosion Resistance of 18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by LPBF." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1178 (September 22, 2021): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1178/1/012051.

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16

Branzei, Mihai, Ion Nedelcu, and Marian Miculescu. "Complex Characterization of a New Low Ni Maraging Steel with Enhance Service Stability." Solid State Phenomena 188 (May 2012): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.346.

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A new low Ni maraging steel, based on 18Ni (300) type has been developed. The optimized chemical composition (complex alloyed with Al-Si-Ti or Si-Zr-Nb) in accordance with optimum heat treatment was found (solution: 970 °C/1h/air and ageing: 550 °C/3h/air), in order to obtain maximum service temperature of over 600 0C and ensured the good combination of strength and toughness properties. The precipitates, such as Ni3(Mo, Ti), were well controlled in lath martensite (Rm=2090N/mm2 and Rp0,2=1930N/mm2)and the presence of Si, Zr and Nb enhance structure stability at high temperature (for example the ultimate tensile strength at 5500C is about 1440N/mm2). Therefore, this new type of maraging steel was the subject of a national patent: “Maraging steel for high temperature service and heat treatment technology” – PATENT No.120356/30.08.2010.

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17

Kwon, Young Jin, Riccardo Casati, Mauro Coduri, Maurizio Vedani, and Chong Soo Lee. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of 18Ni 300 Maraging Steel Produced by Selective Laser Melting." Materials 12, no. 15 (July 25, 2019): 2360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152360.

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A study was performed to investigate the hydrogen embrittlement behavior of 18-Ni 300 maraging steel produced by selective laser melting and subjected to different heat treatment strategies. Hydrogen was pre-charged into the tensile samples by an electro-chemical method at the constant current density of 1 A m−2 and 50 A m−2 for 48 h at room temperature. Charged and uncharged specimens were subjected to tensile tests and the hydrogen concentration was eventually analysed using quadrupole mass spectroscopy. After tensile tests, uncharged maraging samples showed fracture surfaces with dimples. Conversely, in H-charged alloys, quasi-cleavage mode fractures occurred. A lower concentration of trapped hydrogen atoms and higher elongation at fracture were measured in the H-charged samples that were subjected to solution treatment prior to hydrogen charging, compared to the as-built counterparts. Isothermal aging treatment performed at 460 °C for 8 h before hydrogen charging increased the concentration of trapped hydrogen, giving rise to higher hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility.

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18

Wu, Wangping, Xiang Wang, Qun Wang, Jianwen Liu, Yi Zhang, Tongshu Hua, and Peng Jiang. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging 18Ni-300 steel obtained by powder bed based selective laser melting process." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 8 (June 30, 2020): 1379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2018-0189.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to maraging 18Ni-300 steel fabricate by powder bed based selective laser melting (SLM) process. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the maraging steel part before and after heat treatment at a slow cooling rate were investigated. Design/methodology/approach The microstructure of the printed part was observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The phases were determined by X-ray diffraction. The surface roughness of the part was recorded by a profilometer. The tensile properties and microhardness of the parts before and after heat treatment were characterized by an electronic universal tensile testing machine and a Vickers hardness tester, respectively. Findings Maraging 18Ni-300 steel part comprised of the martensitic phase and a small fraction of austenite phase. After heat treatment, the volume fraction of austenite slightly increased. The surface roughness of the part was about 96 µm. The printed part was dense, but irregular pores were present. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation and Young’s modulus of as-fabricated parts were 554.7 MPa, 1173.1 MPa, 10.9% and 128.9 GPa, respectively. The yield strength, UTS, elongation and Young’s modulus of as-treated parts were 2065 MPa, 2225 MPa, 4.2% and 142.5 GPa, respectively. The microhardness values of surface and cross-section of the as-fabricated part were 407.1 HV and 443.0 HV, respectively. After short-time heat treatment, the microhardness values of the surface and cross-section of the part were 542.7 HV and 567.3 HV, respectively. After long-time heat treatment, the microhardness values of the surface and cross-section of the part were 524.4 HV and 454.8 HV, respectively. The microhardness and tensile strength increased significantly with decreasing elongation due to the changes in phases and microstructure of the parts after heat treatment. Originality/value This work studied the effect of heat treatment at 550°C combined with a subsequent slow cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging 18Ni-300 steel obtained by the powder bed based SLM process.

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19

Stornelli, Giulia, Damiano Gaggia, Marco Rallini, and Andrea Di Schino. "HEAT TREATMENT EFFECT ON MARAGING STEEL MANUFACTURED BY LASER POWDER BED FUSION TECHNOLOGY: MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 27, no. 3 (September 13, 2021): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ams.27.3.973.

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Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is a widespread additive manufacturing technology in industrial applications, for metal components manufacturing. Maraging steel is a special class of Fe-Ni alloys, typically used in the aerospace and tooling sectors due to their good combination of mechanical strength and toughness. This work analyses the heat treatment effect on the microstructure and hardness value of 300-grade maraging steel manufactured by the L-PBF process. The considered heat treatment consists of a solution annealing treatment followed by quenching and ageing hardening treatment. The effect of ageing temperature is reported, in a wide temperature range. Results show that solution annealing treatment fully dissolves the solidification structure caused by the L-PBF process. Moreover, the ageing hardening treatment has a significant impact on the hardness, hence on strength, of L-PBF maraging steel. The optimal ageing conditions for the L-PBF maraging steel are identified and reported: in particular, results show that the hardness of 583 HV is achieved following ageing treatment at 490 °C for 6 hours. A higher treatment temperature leads to over-ageing resulting in a decrease of hardness. Conversely, an excessive ageing time does not seem to affect the hardness value, for the ageing temperature of 490 °C.

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20

Ansell, Troy Y., Joshua P. Ricks, Chanman Park, Chris S. Tipper, and Claudia C. Luhrs. "Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Maraging Steel Induced by Environmental Exposure." Metals 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020218.

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Changes in the mechanical properties of selective laser melted maraging steel 300 induced by exposure to a simulated marine environment were investigated. Maraging steel samples were printed in three orientations: vertical (V), 45° (45), and horizontal (H) relative to the print bed. These were tested as-printed or after heat-treatment (490 °C, 600 °C, or 900 °C). One set of specimens were exposed in a salt spray chamber for 500 h and then compared to unexposed samples. Environmental attack induced changes in the microstructural features and composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy respectively. Samples printed in the H and 45° directions exhibited higher tensile strength than those printed in the V direction. Corrosion induced reduction in strength and hardness was more severe in specimens heat-treated between 480 °C and 600 °C versus as-printed samples. The greatest decrease in tensile strength was observed for the 45°-printed heat-treated samples after exposure. A comparison between additive and subtractive manufactured maraging steel is presented.

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21

Cerra Florez, Mauro Andres, Gemma Fargas Ribas, Jorge Luiz Cardoso, Antonio Manuel Mateo García, Joan Josep Roa Rovira, Moises Bastos-Neto, Hamilton Ferreira Gomes de Abreu, and Marcelo José Gomes da Silva. "Oxidation Behavior of Maraging 300 Alloy Exposed to Nitrogen/Water Vapor Atmosphere at 500 °C." Metals 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071021.

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Aging heat treatments in maraging steels are fundamental to achieve the excellent mechanical properties required in several industries, i.e., nuclear, automotive, etc. In this research, samples of maraging 300 alloy were aged using a novel procedure that combines different steps with two atmospheres (nitrogen and water vapor) for several hours. The oxidized surface layer was chemical, microstructural and micromechanically characterized. Due to the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions, these gases reacted and change the surface chemistry of this steel producing a thin iron-based oxide layer of a homogeneous thickness of around 500 nm. Within the aforementioned information, porosity and other microstructural defects showed a non-homogeneous oxide, mainly constituted by magnetite, nickel ferrite, cobalt ferrite, and a small amount of hematite in the more external parts of the oxide layer. In this sense, from a chemical point of view, the heat treatment under specific atmosphere allows to induce a thin magnetic layer in a mixture of iron, nickel, and cobalt spinel ferrites. On the other hand, the oxide layer presents an adhesive force 99 mN value that shows the capability for being used for tribological applications under sliding contact tests.

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22

Ullah, Rizwan, Jan Sher Akmal, Sampsa Laakso, and Esko Niemi. "Anisotropy of additively manufactured 18Ni-300 maraging steel: Threads and surface characteristics." Procedia CIRP 93 (2020): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.04.059.

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23

Reis, A. G., D. A. P. Reis, A. J. Abdalla, J. Otubo, and H. R. Z. Sandim. "A dilatometric study of the continuous heating transformations in maraging 300 steel." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 97 (November 11, 2015): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/97/1/012006.

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24

Campanelli, S. L., N. Contuzzi, P. Posa, and A. Angelastro. "Study of the aging treatment on selective laser melted maraging 300 steel." Materials Research Express 6, no. 6 (March 27, 2019): 066580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab0c6e.

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25

Sha, W., A. Cerezo, and G. D. W. Smith. "Phase chemistry and precipitation reactions in maraging steels: Part II. Co-free T-300 steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 24, no. 6 (June 1993): 1233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02668191.

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26

Sakai, Paulo Roberto, Deivid Ferreira da Silva, Sandro Lombardo, and Antonio Jorge Abdalla. "Comparison of Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristics in Maraging 300 Steel Welded by PAW and GTAW Processes Submitted to Repair." Advanced Materials Research 1135 (January 2016): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1135.255.

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Maraging steels are a special class of ultrahigh-strength steels which presents a combination of high mechanical strength, excellent toughness, high temperature strength and corrosion resistance. The joint of sheets/plates by welding processes are fundamental for aeronautical and industrial products in addition Brazil has been developing technologies in welding ultrahigh-strength steels such as AISI 4340ESR and SAE 300M steels for its domestic space launch program and has currently decided for the replacement of these steels by Maraging 300 steel in some projects. In this work, we studied the welding process of the Maraging 300 steel for two different routes: Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG or GTAW) and Plasma Arc Welding (PAW). Filler additions were used for both processes. Procedure after any welding demands non destructive testing and sometimes non approved defects considering the usage of the product require for welding repair. Verification of the effects of this operation was made through a simulation of a welding repair for both types of welding. Specimens were submitted to heat treatment consisting of a solution annealing and aging and their microstructures were examined. The microhardness measurements were made on samples with and without repair characterized the fusion and heat affected zones. Specimens were submitted to tensile testing and the fractured surfaces were examined by a scanning electron microscope. Results of microstructure exam revealed the presence of austenite (γ) in FZ (Fusion Zone). After the welding repair simulation, a new different colored zone appeared in the HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) for both processes due to reheating of the sheet provided by the repair process. In the HAZ near FZ an important grain growth due to the heating occurred. Also, close FZ that was submitted to new heating due to repair it was noted an apparent growing of grain size relative to original grain size. The microhardness measurements showed that there is a reduction in hardness in the FZ and the region immediately (fusion line) compared to base material values. After the aging heat treatment a recovery of hardness values took place in these regions but the values themselves remain smaller than the base material. It was observed an increase of values of the microhardness in dark regions in the HAZ provoked by a phenomenon of aging locally due to the dissipation of the heat of the welding process and posterior repair. After aging, those differences disappeared. It was observed that there was not a large difference between the yield and strength limits considering both processes of welding, as well as between both situations after repair. It could be seen that the rupture began in the region near FZ and followed in the direction of the weld bead. The analysis of the fracture surfaces showed that this happened by ductile way, forming dimples.

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27

Lima Filho, Venceslau Xavier, Isabel Ferreira Barros, and Hamilton Ferreira Gomes de Abreu. "Influence of Solution Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Maraging 300 Steel." Materials Research 20, no. 1 (November 16, 2016): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-0257.

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28

Reis, Adriano Gonçalves, Danieli Aparecida Pereira Reis, Antônio Jorge Abdalla, Jorge Otubo, Antônio Augusto Couto, and Francisco Piorino Neto. "Hot Tensile Behavior and Fracture Characteristics of a Plasma Nitrided Maraging 300 Steel." Materials Science Forum 899 (July 2017): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.899.436.

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The influence of plasma nitriding of a maraging 300 steel on mechanical properties at high temperature has been studied. Samples were tensile tested at 600°C in four conditions: solution treated (MAR-S), solution treated and aged (MAR-SA), solution treated and plasma nitrited (MAR-SP) and solution treated, aged and plasma nitrited (MAR-SAP). In the same sequence, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increased slightly respectively from 1073 to 1189 MPa and 1174 to 1301 MPa, an increase of about 10% due to plasma nitriding. All the samples presented similar values of elongation, around 18%, but the cross section area reduction decreased significantly by plasma nitriding from ~70% for MAR-S and MAR-SA to ~45% for MAR-SP and MAR-SAP, that is an decrease of 36% in average. This decrease is attributed to brittle fracture nucleated at 50 μm thick iron nitride layer. The inner fracture surface of the tensile tested specimens was predominantly ductile presenting characteristic microcavities.

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29

Chen, Chaoyue, Xingchen Yan, Yingchun Xie, Renzhong Huang, Min Kuang, Wenyou Ma, Ruixin Zhao, et al. "Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of maraging steel 300 fabricated by cold spraying." Materials Science and Engineering: A 743 (January 2019): 482–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.116.

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30

Madhusudhan, D., Suresh Chand, S. Ganesh, and U. Saibhargavi. "Modeling and simulation of Charpy impact test of maraging steel 300 using Abaqus." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 330 (March 2018): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/330/1/012013.

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31

Król, Mariusz, Przemysław Snopiński, and Adam Czech. "The phase transitions in selective laser-melted 18-NI (300-grade) maraging steel." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 142, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09316-4.

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Abstract Dilatometric studies in 18-Ni steel components fabricated by selective laser melting technique were carried out to determine the influence of heating rate on transitions occurring during the heating cycle. SLM components have been examined in controlled heating and cooling cycles. For analysis, heating of the analysed materials was carried out at heating rates of 10, 15, 20, 30 and 60 °C min−1. During the heating process, two solid-state reactions were identified—i.e. precipitation of intermetallic phases and the reversion of martensite to austenite. A simplified procedure based on the Kissinger equation was used to determine the activation energy of individual reactions. For precipitation of intermetallic phases, the activation energy was estimated 301 kJ mol−1, while the martensite to austenite reversion was determined at the activation energy 478 kJ mol−1.

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32

Chen, Chaoyue, Yingchun Xie, Xincheng Yan, Renzhong Huang, Min Kuang, Wenyou Ma, Ruixin Zhao, et al. "Cold sprayed WC reinforced maraging steel 300 composites: Microstructure characterization and mechanical properties." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 785 (May 2019): 499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.01.135.

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33

Narayan, Yeole Shivraj, N. N. Ramesh, and B. Balu Naik. "Parametric Optimization of Tool Wear Rate in Micro Drilling of Maraging Steel 300 Alloy." Reason-A Technical Journal 13 (July 1, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21843/reas/2014/33-40/108116.

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34

Yan, Xingchen, Chaoyue Chen, Ruixin Zhao, Wenyou Ma, Rodolphe Bolot, Jiang Wang, Zhongming Ren, Hanlin Liao, and Min Liu. "Selective laser melting of WC reinforced maraging steel 300: Microstructure characterization and tribological performance." Surface and Coatings Technology 371 (August 2019): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.11.033.

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35

Conde, F. F., J. D. Escobar, J. P. Oliveira, A. L. Jardini, W. W. Bose Filho, and J. A. Avila. "Austenite reversion kinetics and stability during tempering of an additively manufactured maraging 300 steel." Additive Manufacturing 29 (October 2019): 100804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.100804.

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36

Béreš, M., L. Wu, L. P. M. Santos, M. Masoumi, F. A. M. da Rocha Filho, C. C. da Silva, H. F. G. de Abreu, and M. J. Gomes da Silva. "Role of lattice strain and texture in hydrogen embrittlement of 18Ni (300) maraging steel." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 21 (May 2017): 14786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.03.209.

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37

Solberg, Klas, Even Wilberg Hovig, Knut Sørby, and Filippo Berto. "Directional fatigue behaviour of maraging steel grade 300 produced by laser powder bed fusion." International Journal of Fatigue 149 (August 2021): 106229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2021.106229.

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38

Jarfors, Anders E. W., Akash Chikke Gowda Hosapalya Shashidhar, Hrushi Kailash Yepur, Jacob Steggo, Nils-Eric Andersson, and Roland Stolt. "Build Strategy and Impact Strength of SLM Produced Maraging Steel (1.2709)." Metals 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010051.

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The current paper aimed to study the impact properties of additively manufactured maraging steel (1.2709) using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-L) processing. The specimens were fabricated using 3D Systems ProX 300 equipment under constant specific power input, or Andrew number. The interactions between the build strategy and parameters such as hatch spacing and scan speed was, and the impact strength and fracture were investigated. The impact energy anisotropy was also investigated in parallel and perpendicular to the build direction. Instrumented impact testing was performed, and the fractography supported that the fusion zone geometry dictated the fracture behavior. The influence from gaseous elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen was found insignificant at the levels found in the printed material.

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39

Todaka, Yoshikazu, Kazunobu Morisako, Masaaki Kumagai, Yoshihisa Matsumoto, and Minoru Umemoto. "Hydrogen Embrittlement of Submicrocrystalline Ultra-Low Carbon Steel Produced by High-Pressure Torsion Straining." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.763.

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The tensile property and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) behavior in the submicrocrystalline ultra-low carbon steel produced by HPT straining were investigated. Elongated grains with 300 nm thickness and 600 nm length with high dislocation density were formed by the HPT straining at a rotation-speed of 0.2 rpm under a compression pressure of 5 GPa. The engineering tensile strength of the HPT processed ultra-low carbon steel for > 5 turns was 1.9 GPa, which is similar to the value of maraging high-alloy steels. The elongation increased with strain (at 5 to 10 turns), is caused by the reduction of the stress concentration due to the existence of continuously recrystallized grains. HE occurred in the HPT processed specimen for 5 turns with high tensile strength of 1.9 GPa under hydrogen atmosphere. However, its HE was suppressed via recovery process by annealing at low temperature while maintaining the high strength.

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40

Reis, Adriano Gonçalves dos, Danieli Aparecida Pereira Reis, Antônio Jorge Abdalla, Antônio Augusto Couto, and Jorge Otubo. "Short-term Creep Properties and Fracture Surface of 18 Ni (300) Maraging Steel Plasma Nitrided." Materials Research 20, suppl 2 (March 13, 2017): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-0744.

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41

Masoumi, Mohammad, Isabel Ferreira de Barros, Luis Flavio Gaspar Herculano, Hana Livia Frota Coelho, and Hamilton Ferreira Gomes de Abreu. "Effect of microstructure and crystallographic texture on the Charpy impact test for maraging 300 steel." Materials Characterization 120 (October 2016): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2016.09.003.

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42

Huang, Weidong, Weijie Zhang, and Xiayu Chen. "Effect of SLM Process Parameters on Relative Density of Maraging Steel (18Ni-300) Formed Parts." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 774 (March 27, 2020): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/774/1/012027.

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43

Mugwagwa, Yadroitsev, and Matope. "Effect of Process Parameters on Residual Stresses, Distortions, and Porosity in Selective Laser Melting of Maraging Steel 300." Metals 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101042.

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Selective laser melting (SLM) is one of the most well-known additive manufacturing methods available for the fabrication of functional parts from metal powders. Although SLM is now an established metal additive manufacturing technique, its widespread application in industry is still hindered by inherent phenomena, one of which is high residual stresses. Some of the effects of residual stresses – such as warping and thermal stress-related cracking – cannot be corrected by post processing. Therefore, establishing input process parameter combinations that result in the least residual stress magnitudes and related distortions and/or cracking is critical. This paper presents the influence of laser power, scanning speed, and layer thickness on residual stresses, distortions and achievable density for maraging steel 300 steel parts in order to establish the most optimum input parameter combinations. An analysis of the interdependence between process outcomes shows that high residual stress magnitudes lead to high dimensional distortions in the finished parts, whilst porous parts suffer relatively lower residual stresses and associated distortions.

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44

Constantin, Liliana Violeta, and Dan Alexandru Iordache. "Study of the Fractal and Multifractal Scaling Intervening in the Description of Fracture Experimental Data Reported by the Classical Work: Nature 308, 721–722(1984)." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/706326.

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Starting from the experimental data referring to the main parameters of the fracture surfaces of some 300-grade maraging steel reported by the classical work published in Nature 308, 721–722(1984), this work studied (a) the multifractal scaling by the main parameters of the slit islands of fracture surfaces produced by a uniaxial tensile loading and (b) the dependence of the impact energy to fracture and of the fractal dimensional increment on the temperature of the studied steels heat treatment, for the fracture surfaces produced by Charpy impact. The obtained results were analyzed, pointing out the spectral (size) distribution of the found slit islands in the frame of some specific clusters (fractal components of the multifractal scaling) of representative points of the logarithms of the slit islands areas and perimeters, respectively.

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45

Sha, W., A. Cerezo, and G. D. W. Smith. "Phase chemistry and precipitation reactions in maraging steels: Part I. Introduction and study of Co-containing C-300 steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 24, no. 6 (June 1993): 1221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02668190.

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46

Sen, Ruma, Bikash Choudhuri, John Deb Barma, and Prasun Chakraborti. "Optimization of wire EDM parameters using teaching learning based algorithm during machining of maraging steel 300." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 2 (2018): 7541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.426.

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47

Yan, Xingchen, Chunjie Huang, Chaoyue Chen, Rodolphe Bolot, Lucas Dembinski, Renzhong Huang, Wenyou Ma, Hanlin Liao, and Min Liu. "Additive manufacturing of WC reinforced maraging steel 300 composites by cold spraying and selective laser melting." Surface and Coatings Technology 371 (August 2019): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.03.072.

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48

Zhang Jiaqi, 张佳琪, 王敏杰 Wang Minjie, 刘建业 Liu Jianye, 牛留辉 Niu Liuhui, 王金海 Wang Jinhai, and 伊明扬 Yi Mingyang. "Influence of Defocusing Distance on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel." Chinese Journal of Lasers 47, no. 5 (2020): 0502004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202047.0502004.

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49

Sha, W., A. Cerezo, and G. D. W. Smith. "Atom probe studies of early stages of precipitation reactions in maraging steels I. Co- and Ti-containing C-300 steel." Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 26, no. 4 (February 1992): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(92)90276-k.

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50

MORIYAMA, Michihiko, Setsuo TAKAKI, and Norio KAWAGOISHI. "Influence of Aging Condition and Reversion Austenite on Fatigue Property of the 300 Grade 18Ni Maraging Steel." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 49, no. 6 (2000): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.49.631.

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