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Journal articles on the topic 'Maraging 200'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Yang, M. X., Gang Yang, Zheng Dong Liu, Cun Yu Wang, and C. X. Huang. "Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Maraging Steel Processed by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing." Materials Science Forum 667-669 (December 2010): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.421.

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An 18Ni (C-250) maraging steel was successfully processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) for a single pass at room temperature. Microstructural observations showed that the martensite laths of 18Ni maraging steel were elongated to more narrow bands with a width of 100-200 nm after ECAP deformation. After ageing treatment, many nano-sized precipitates distributed uniformly within the refined martensite lathes. In comparison with the tensile strength (1940 MPa) of general used steel (solution + aging treatment), the tensile strength of the sample processed by ECAP and subsequent aging treatment was enhanced for more than 100 MPa (above 2050 MPa). The enhancement of tensile properties was attributed to microstructural refinement and uniformly distributed nano-precipitates.

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2

Tsay, L. W., Y. F. Hu, and C. Chen. "Embrittlement of T-200 maraging steel in a hydrogen sulfide solution." Corrosion Science 47, no. 4 (April 2005): 965–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2004.06.017.

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3

Wagner, John A. "Mechanical behavior of 18 Ni 200 grade maraging steel at cryogenic temperatures." Journal of Aircraft 23, no. 10 (October 1986): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.45375.

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4

dos Reis, Adriano Gonçalves, Danieli Aparecida Pereira Reis, Antônio Jorge Abdalla, and Jorge Otubo. "Effect of Plasma Nitriding on Creep Behavior at 550 °C of a Maraging Steel (300 Grade) Solution Annealed." Materials Science Forum 802 (December 2014): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.802.452.

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The objective of this work is to evaluate creep behavior of a maraging steel (300 grade) solution annealed before and after superficial treatment of plasma nitriding. Creep tests were conducted on a standard creep machine at stress range of 200 to 500 MPa at 550°C. Samples with a gage length of 18.5 mm and a diameter of 3.0 mm were used for all tests. Creep parameters are determined and a comparative analysis is established with the results gotten from the alloy with and without plasma nitriding. Maraging 300 steel plasma nitrided has showed a similar creep behavior compared with the same alloy without superficial treatment, with creep rate and stress exponent results very close to the material only solution annealed. This result can be associated with the strong impact of reversion of martensite to austenite and overaging at this temperature and time of exposure that minimizes the benefits of a superficial treatment.

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Li, Gan, Cheng Guo, Wen Feng Guo, Hong Xing Lu, Lin Ju Wen, Xiao Gang Hu, and Qiang Zhu. "Influence of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on Densification Behavior, Surface Quality and Hardness of 18Ni300 Steel." Key Engineering Materials 861 (September 2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.861.77.

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This study investigated the effect of laser power (P), scan speed (v) and hatch space (h) on densification behavior, surface quality and hardness of 18Ni300 maraging steel fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The results indicated that the relative density of the SLMed samples has a shape increase from 73% to 97% with the laser energy density increasing from 0.5 to 2.2 J/mm2. The relative density ≥ 99% was achieved at the energy density in the range of 2.2~5.9 J/mm2. The optimum process parameters were found to be laser power of 150~200 W, scan speed of 600mm/s and hatch space of 0.105mm. In addition, it was found that the hardness increased initially with the increasing relative density up to relative density of 90% and then little relationship, but finally increase again significantly. This work provides reference for determining process parameters for SLMed maraging steel and the development of 3D printing of die steels.

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6

Wu, C. P., L. W. Tsay, and C. Chen. "Notched tensile testing of T-200 maraging steel and its laser welds in hydrogen." Materials Science and Engineering: A 346, no. 1-2 (April 2003): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00552-x.

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7

Cabeza, M., G. Castro, P. Merino, G. Pena, M. Román, Javier Semiao, and P. Vázquez. "Optimization of Ageing Parameters of a Low Nickel Maraging Steel." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.471.

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In the present work the age hardening parameters of a 14Ni (200) maraging steel are studied in order to optimize mechanical properties of the steel. The initial characterization of the as received solution annealed steel has been carried out by optical and scanning electron microscopy (LOM and SEM), and hardness measurements. To identify the structural changes during ageing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were performed. Different time-temperature combinations were considered for the precipitation hardening treatment of as-quenched material samples. After hardness measurements, three of these treatments were selected for an in depth study. The obtained microstructure at the maximum hardness peaks then analysed (LOM, SEM and TEM) and mechanical behaviour (strength, toughness and wear resistance) was studied for the final selection of the age hardening conditions.

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8

Liu, Ping. "Structural determination of L-phase with Aucu(I) ordered structure observed in a new maraging steel." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 530–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100139020.

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A new maraging stainless steel has recently been developed at Sandvik and is termed Sandvik 1RK91 (12Cr-9Ni-4Mo-2Cu-1Ti-0.3Al-0.2Si (wt%)). The anomalous tempering response after aging at 475°C, combined with high strength, ductility, corrosion resistance and a high resistance to overaging were attributed to the formation of a quasicrystalline phase. In addition to this an ordered phase designated L-phase precipitated during prolonged aging. The structure type of this phase was determined by electron diffraction combined with EDX analysis. The material was annealed in the temperature range 1050-1150°C with subsequent air cooling and then aged at 475°C for up to 100 hours. Thin foils and carbon replica were studied using a Jeol 2000 FX analytical transmission electron microscope (TEM/STEM) equipped with a Link AN 10000 EDX system operating at 200 kV.The plate-like L-phase precipitated after prolonged aging at 475°C(100 h) as shown in Fig. 1(a). A typical EDX spectrum from L-phase is shown in Fig. 1(b).

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9

Radhakrishnan, K., and V. Muralidharan. "Optimization of Weld Parameters and Weld Bead Dimensions in Welding of 0.3%C-Cr-Mo-V Steel by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 852 (September 2016): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.178.

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ISRO space programs use Maraging Steel for its Solid rocket motor casings. Because of its higher cost and limitations in the availability,there is a need to develop alternate to this steel.ISRO has developed a unique material as a alternative to Maraging Steel namely 0.3%C-Cr-Mo-V steel (Electro Slag Refined modified 15CDV6 steel-ESR MOD 15CDV6). This material is being considered for making rocket motor casings and considered as substitute as well as replacement for Maraging Steel.Weldability is an important factor considered for fabrication of this material in the areas of rocketry.Since it is a new material, enough studies and welding details are not available to exploit this material for aero space applications.Among the various welding methods available in the welding of steels,GTAW (Gas Tunsten Arc Welding) process selected for undertaking this study because this process is clean,contamination free, easily adaptable and generally suitable for welding of high strength alloy steel.Literature survey indicates not much work has been reported in welding of such low alloy high strength steel with conventional welding methods.Similarly effect of heat treatment on weldments,quench characteristics,hardness response etc.also not available much. Hence, these factors are main reason to undertake this study.This paper is limited to studying , fixing of weld parameters and weld bead dimensions. In this expriment the welding parameters , its response for each set of experiments and influence on weld dimensions are studied.In this work a combination of weld parameters were selected using Design of Experiment (DOE) principle with three levels and four parameter (variables).Totally nine experiments with different combination of parameters conducted on the test coupons of size 8×200×150mm.The chemistry of parent metal and filler rod remains same. Three levels of current and voltage,and correspondingly other parameters like root gap,number of passes and welding speeds were employed.Details like the amount of shielding, purging gas used and quantity of flow are noted.Weld bead dimensions like bead width –B,reinforcement-R,penetration –r,penetration height-b are chosen as response.All the nine test coupons were subjected to Liquid Penetrant Test (LPT), X-ray radiography and found defect free.

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10

Cabeza, M., G. Castro, P. Merino, G. Pena, and M. Román. "Laser surface melting: A suitable technique to repair damaged surfaces made in 14 Ni (200 grade) maraging steel." Surface and Coatings Technology 212 (November 2012): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.09.039.

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11

Wagner, J. A. "Correlation of mechanical properties with metallurgical structure for 18Ni 200 grade maraging steel at room and cryogenic temperatures." Cryogenics 31, no. 9 (September 1991): 780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(91)90134-i.

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12

Santos, Luis, Joel de Jesus, José Ferreira, José Costa, and Carlos Capela. "Fracture Toughness of Hybrid Components with Selective Laser Melting 18Ni300 Steel Parts." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101879.

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Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is currently one of the more advanced manufacturing and prototyping processes, allowing the 3D-printing of complex parts through the layer-by-layer deposition of powder materials melted by laser. This work concerns the study of the fracture toughness of maraging AISI 18Ni300 steel implants by SLM built over two different conventional steels, AISI H13 and AISI 420, ranging the scan rate between 200 mm/s and 400 mm/s. The SLM process creates an interface zone between the conventional steel and the laser melted implant in the final form of compact tension (CT) samples, where the hardness is higher than the 3D-printed material but lower than the conventional steel. Both fully 3D-printed series and 3D-printed implants series produced at 200 mm/s of scan rate showed higher fracture toughness than the other series built at 400 mm/s of scan rate due to a lower level of internal defects. An inexpressive variation of fracture toughness was observed between the implanted series with the same parameters. The crack growth path for all samples occurred in the limit of interface/3D-printed material zone and occurred between laser melted layers.

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13

Kaserer, L., S. Bergmueller, J. Braun, and G. Leichtfried. "Vacuum laser powder bed fusion—track consolidation, powder denudation, and future potential." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 110, no. 11-12 (September 21, 2020): 3339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06071-6.

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Abstract Defects in parts processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) are often triggered by laser/plasma plume interference and spattering. The implementation of a LPBF process in vacuum has been suggested to possibly reduce these effects. Within this study, the effects of process pressure variations between 1 mbar and atmospheric pressure on the generation of single tracks and on the surrounding layer of loose powder particles were studied for CP titanium grade 2 and the Maraging steel 1.2709. Below 10 mbar no single tracks could be generated and the powder layer adjacent to the track was effectively denuded. It was found that the essential mechanism for incorporating powder into the melt pool begins to work at process pressures above 10 mbar and its effectiveness increases with increasing pressure. The amount of powder incorporated into the melt pool depends on the material and the scanning conditions. With identical scanning conditions, this amount of powder is significantly larger for titanium than for steel. For process pressures above 200 mbar, no significant change in the amount of spattering could be found. In this pressure range improved process stability could be possible due to a reduced laser/plasma interaction and an increased laser penetration depth.

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14

Strakosova, Angelina, Dalibor Vojtech, and Drahomír Dvorský. "Heat Treatment of High-Strength 3D-Printed Maraging Steel." Defect and Diffusion Forum 403 (September 2020): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.403.67.

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Maraging steels are interesting for research after heat treatment, from which name is derived "maraging" – martensite-aging. After solution annealing and precipitation hardening the X3NiMoCoTi 18-9-5 alloy has excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength reaches up to 2000 MPa and hardness is 50-55 HRC), it is ductile and well weldable. The advantage of these materials is the possibility to be manufactured not only by conventional methods but also by modern additive manufacturing (AM) methods. One of which is selective laser melting (SLM). In this paper, the influence of heat treatment on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of the 3D-printed X3NiMoCoTi 18-9-5 maraging steel is investigated.

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15

Guo, Z., and W. Sha. "Comments onSmall-angle neutron scattering analysis of the precipitation behaviour in a maraging steelby Staron, Jamnig, Leitner, Ebner & Clemens (2003)." Journal of Applied Crystallography 37, no. 2 (March 17, 2004): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889803028127.

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Further to the paper by Staron, Jamnig, Leitner, Ebner & Clemens [J. Appl. Cryst.(2003),36, 415–419], the following points are made. Characterization of the precipitation process in maraging steels is difficult, primarily because the precipitates formed are on the nanometre scale. Identification of the precipitate type is complicated by the fact that its composition evolves during ageing, even when the precipitate type remains unchanged. Interpretation of experimental results should be treated with caution, especially when indirect methods, such as small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), are used. Atom-probe field ion microscopy (APFIM) has proved to be capable of determining the type and composition of the fine precipitates in maraging steels. The advantages and disadvantages of SANS and APFIM are briefly discussed.

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16

Strakosova, Angelina, Jiří Kubásek, Alena Michalcová, Filip Průša, Dalibor Vojtěch, and Drahomír Dvorský. "High Strength X3NiCoMoTi 18-9-5 Maraging Steel Prepared by Selective Laser Melting from Atomized Powder." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 4174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244174.

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Maraging steels are generally characterized by excellent mechanical properties, which make them ideal for various industrial applications. The application field can be further extended by using selective laser melting (SLM) for additive manufacturing of shape complicated products. However, the final mechanical properties are strongly related to the microstructure conditions. The present work studies the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D printed samples prepared from powder of high-strength X3NiCoMoTi 18-9-5 maraging steel. It was found that the as-printed material had quite low mechanical properties. After sufficient heat treatment, the hardness of the material increased from 350 to 620 HV0.1 and the tensile yield strength increased from 1000 MPa up to 2000 MPa. In addition, 3% ductility was maintained. This behavior was primarily affected by strong precipitation during processing.

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17

Marcisz, J., M. Adamczyk, and B. Garbarz. "Optimisation of Mechanical Properties of 18%Ni350 Grade Maraging Steel Using Novel Heat Treatment." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0010.

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Abstract The paper presents results of examinations of properties and microstructure of maraging steel grade MS350 (18Ni350) produced by a novel heat treatment method called „short-time ageing“. It has been found that maraging steel after application of the short-time ageing achieves unique properties, in particular good combination of strength and impact toughness. After short-time ageing for time of heating up to 600 seconds at temperature of 550°C hardness in the range from 48 to 56 HRC, tensile strength ranging from 2000 to 2250 MPa, yield strength from 1930 to 2170 MPa and total elongation in the range 7-8% as well as notch impact toughness of 20 J/cm2 at temperature minus 40°C were obtained. Results of microstructure examination in transmission electron microscope (TEM) with application of high resolution technique (HRTEM) have shown presence of Ni3Mo nano-precipitates of orthorhombic crystallographic structure. Precipitates were characterized by rod-like shape and were homogenously distributed in martensitic matrix of steel with high density of dislocations. The average size of cross-section of precipitates was ca. 4 nm while length reached several dozen of nm.

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18

He, Y., K. Yang, W. Sha, Z. Guo, and K. Liu. "Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of 2400 MPa Grade Co-free Maraging Steels." Microscopy and Microanalysis 12, S02 (July 31, 2006): 1034–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927606061071.

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19

Bramowicz, Miroslaw, and Slawomir Kulesza. "A Magnetic Force Microscopy Study of Magnetic Domain Structure in Maraging Steel." Solid State Phenomena 203-204 (June 2013): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.203-204.315.

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This study presents the results of an analysis of the domain structure of supersaturated X2CoCrMoAl20-15-3 maraging steel. The analyses was carried out using the magnetic force microscopy method in a two pass mode. Obtained magnetic results were subjected to numerical analysis. The dimensions of spontaneously magnetized regions and their orientation were determined by analyzing the autocorrelation function of changes in the resonant frequency of the MFM probe. The use of fractal analysis was proposed to describe the domain structure.

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20

He, Yi, Ke Yang, and Wei Sha. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of a 2000 MPa grade co-free maraging steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 36, no. 9 (September 2005): 2273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-005-0100-9.

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21

Mizoguchi, Tomoki, Motomichi Koyama, and Hiroshi Noguchi. "Annealing Time Effects on Mechanically Long Fatigue Crack Growth of TRIP-maraging Steels." Tetsu-to-Hagane 107, no. 4 (2021): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2020-106.

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22

Živčák, Jozef, Ema Nováková-Marcinčínová, Ľudmila Nováková-Marcinčínová, Tomáš Balint, and Michal Puškár. "Increasing Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Samples by Direct Metal Laser Sintering Using Heat Treatment Process." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080821.

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The paper deals with the evaluation of mechanical properties of 3D-printed samples based on high-strength steel powder system maraging steel using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), which is currently being put into technical practice. The novelty of this article is that it analyzes mechanical properties of samples both printed and age hardened as well as examining the fracture surfaces. When comparing the manufacturer’s range with our recorded values, samples from Set 1 demonstrated strength ranging from 1110 to ultimate 1140 MPa. Samples from Set 2 showed tensile strength values that were just below average. Our recorded range was from 1920 to ultimate 2000 MPa while the manufacturer reported a range from 1950 to 2150 MPa. The tensile strength was in the range from 841 to ultimate 852 MPa in Set 1, and from 1110 to ultimate 1130 MPa in Set 2.

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23

He, Y., K. Yang, W. Sha, and D. J. Cleland. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of a 2000 MPa Co-free maraging steel after aging at 753 K." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 35, no. 9 (September 2004): 2747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0221-6.

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24

Hovig, Even W., Amin S. Azar, Klas Solberg, and Knut Sørby. "An investigation of the anisotropic properties of heat-treated maraging steel grade 300 processed by laser powder bed fusion." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 114, no. 5-6 (March 27, 2021): 1359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06938-2.

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AbstractIn order to explore the possibilities enabled by laser beam powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M), reliable material models are necessary to optimize designs with respect to weight and stiffness. Due to the unique processing conditions in PBF-LB/M, materials often develop a dominating microstructure that leads to anisotropic mechanical properties, and thus isotropic material models fail to account for the orientation-dependent mechanical properties. To investigate the anisotropy of 18Ni300 maraging steel, tensile specimens were built in seven different orientations. The specimens were heat treated at two different conditions and tested for their tensile properties using digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The microstructure and fracture surfaces are investigated with scanning electron microscope and electron backscatter diffraction. The tensile properties are typical for the material, with a yield strength in the range of 1850 MPa to 1950 MPa, and ultimate tensile strength in the range of 1900 MPa to 2000 MPa. The elastic modulus is 180 GPa, and the elongation at fracture is in the range of 2–6% for all specimens. The strain fields analysed with DIC reveals anisotropic straining in both the elastic and plastic parts of the flow curve for both direct ageing and solution treatment plus ageing specimens. In the former condition, the elastic anisotropy is dictated by the fraction of melt pool boundaries on the transverse surfaces of the specimens. When the material is solution treated prior to ageing, the melt pool boundary effect was supressed.

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25

Xu, Jian-Jun, Zhilin Li, John Lowengrub, and Hongkai Zhao. "Numerical Study of Surfactant-Laden Drop-Drop Interactions." Communications in Computational Physics 10, no. 2 (August 2011): 453–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.090310.020610a.

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AbstractIn this paper, we numerically investigate the effects of surfactant on drop-drop interactions in a 2D shear flow using a coupled level-set and immersed interface approach proposed in (Xu et al., J. Comput. Phys., 212 (2006), 590-616). We find that surfactant plays a critical and nontrivial role in drop-drop interactions. In particular, we find that the minimum distance between the drops is a non-monotone function of the surfactant coverage and Capillary number. This non-monotonic behavior, which does not occur for clean drops, is found to be due to the presence of Marangoni forces along the drop interfaces. This suggests that there are non-monotonic conditions for coalescence of surfactant-laden drops, as observed in recent experiments of Leal and co-workers. Although our study is two-dimensional, we believe that drop-drop interactions in three-dimensional flows should be qualitatively similar as the Maragoni forces in the near contact region in 3D should have a similar effect.

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26

Benny, Bineeth. "Review of Research Data Published on 18 Ni-Co-Mo-Ti Maraging Steel, by Viswanathan et al 1993, Lee et al 2007 and Mathematical Modeling Attempt for Ageing time Prediction for 18 Ni-Co-Mo-Ti Maraging Steel and Unveil Parameters which Effect Mathematical Modeling of Heat Treatment." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 67, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v67i4p207.

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27

van Belle, Laurent, Guillaume Vansteenkiste, and Jean Claude Boyer. "Investigation of Residual Stresses Induced during the Selective Laser Melting Process." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 1828–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.1828.

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The selective laser melting process (SLM), belonging to the family of additive manufacturing processes, can create complex geometry parts from a CAD file. Previously, only prototypes were created by SLM, but now this process is used to manufacture quickly and directly functional parts. For example, in the PEP (Pôle Européen de la Plasturgie), this process is used to fabricate tooling parts or injection molds with cooling channels that can’t be obtained by conventional routes. During the process, the laser beam generates violent heating and cooling cycles in the material inducing important thermal gradients in the consolidated part. The cyclic thermal expansions and contractions exceeding the maximum elastic strain of the material induce heterogeneous plastic strains and generate internal stresses the level of which can reaches the yield stress of the material and cracks may appear during the process. This paper deals with the measurement and analysis of residual stresses during the selective laser melting of a simple part in maraging steel. The objective of this study is the analysis of experimental results to validate the numerical model previously presented in [1]. Some authors have investigated the residual stresses produced in SLM parts using different experimental measurement methods such as the incremental hole drilling method in [2], the layer removal method see in [3] and [4] or the non-destructive method, by neutron diffraction in [5]. A new method is proposed to evaluate the residual stresses induced during the SLM process, a rosette is fixed on the bottom face of the support. The residual stresses in the created part are calculated from strain and temperature variations when the fused layer is consolidating during the cooling between two layers. Process parameters like the powder thickness or the time cooling between successive layers are studied in this paper. [1] L. Van Belle, G. Vansteenkiste, J.C. Boyer, Comparisons of numerical modeling of the selective laser melting, Key Engineering Materials Vols. 504-506 (2012) pp 1067-1072 [2] C. Casavola, S.L. Campanelli, C. Pappalettere, Experimental analysis of residual stresses in the selective laser melting process, Proceedings of the XIth International Congress and Exposition, June 2-5, 2008 Orlando, Florida USA [3] M. Shiomi, K. Osakada, K. Nakamura, T. Yamashita, F. Abe, Residual stress within metallic model made by selective laser melting process, CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 53, No. 1. (2004), pp. 195-198 [4] T. Furumoto, T. Ueda, M.S. Abdul Aziz, A. Hosokawa and R. Tanaka, Study on reduction of residual stress induced during rapid tooling process, influence of heating conditions on residual stress, Key Engineering Materials Vols. 447-448 (2010) pp 785-789 [5] M. Zaeh, G. Branner, Investigation on residual stresses and deformation in selective laser melting, Production Engineering, Volume 4, Number 1 (2010)

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De Oliveira, Gabriel Nunes, Alessandro Porporatti Arbage, and Nilson Luiz Costa. "Categorias de Análise da Economia dos Custos de Transação na Decisão de Inovar." Redes 23, no. 2 (May 15, 2018): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.17058/redes.v23i2.7513.

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Este artigo foi produzido a partir de tese apresentada ao PPGExR e discute variáveis que influenciam o processo decisório de vinicultores e viticultores da Vitivinicultura da Serra Gaúcha, mais especificamente da APROMONTES (Associação de Produtores dos Vinhos dos Altos Montes), no processo de adoção de inovações capazes de incrementar sua competitividade. Para discutir esse processo decisório, utilizamos como embasamento teórico particularmente a Economia dos Custos de Transação. Consideramos que os custos de transação são os custos que os agentes enfrentam toda vez que se estabelecem trocas comerciais e possuem natureza distinta dos custos de produção (MARAGNO, 2007). Tratam-se dos custos de negociar, além dos custos de redigir (ex-ante) e garantir o cumprimento de determinado contrato (ex-post). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com doze vinícolas, 25 viticultores ligados a cada uma das vinícolas integrantes da APROMONTES, e, como testemunhas, sete viticultores integrantes do STR (Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais de Flores da Cunha e Nova Pádua). A análise dos resultados parece apontar para o fato de que as vinícolas possuem certo grau de especificidade de ativos. No entanto, é em nível de viticultor que ela se apresenta mais traumática, pois as especificidades de relevo e de clima alcançadas às terras da região limitam a migração para outras atividades, caracterizando o que Williamson (1996) trata por especificidade do tipo física e que se refere à adequação de partes a um tipo de produto. Também foi verificada a presença de uma dimensão de especificidades de ativo humana, a qual denominamos de afetiva, que emerge do vínculo do “indivíduo” com seu objeto de produção (parreira) e também dos relacionamentos com seus pares.

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"VASCOMAX T-200." Alloy Digest 35, no. 8 (August 1, 1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.ad.sa0422.

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Abstract VascoMax T-200 is an 18% nickel maraging steel with titanium as the primary strengthening agent and containing no cobalt. It is double vacuum melted to assure high purity which is essential for optimum mechanical properties. Price stability is an advantage with titanium-strengthened maraging steels, as compared with the price fluctuations that can occur with the cobalt-strengthened steel. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-422. Producer or source: Teledyne Vasco.

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"VASCOMAX C-200." Alloy Digest 54, no. 7 (July 1, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.ad.sa0547.

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Abstract VascoMax C-200 is a cobalt-containing maraging steel with cobalt providing the primary strengthening. The number in the alloy name is representative of the ultimate tensile strength expressed in ksi. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SA-547. Producer or source: Allvac, An Allegheny Technologies Company.

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Balos, Sebastian, Dragan Rajnovic, Leposava Sidjanin, Olivera Eric Cekic, Slobodan Moraca, Mirjana Trivkovic, and Milan Dedic. "Vickers hardness indentation size effect in selective laser melted MS1 maraging steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, December 1, 2019, 095440621989230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219892301.

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In this paper, selective laser melting fabricated specimens in non-heat-treated and heat-treated conditions were subjected to Vickers microhardness testing, by using a full range of loadings: 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, and 1000 g. Microhardness of longitudinal sections and cross-sections were correlated and the obtained values were plotted against loadings and indentation size effect was studied, in order to find the optimal loading range, that gives the material true microhardness, or load-independent hardness. The load dependence of the measured Vickers hardness values was described quantitatively through the application of the Meyer’s law, proportional specimen resistance, and the modified proportional specimen resistance model. It was found that the microhardness rises as the loading is higher, causing a reversed indentation size effect, clearly indicating the range of true hardnesses of the tested material. Also, proportional specimen resistance and modified proportional specimen resistance models were found to have the highest correlation factors indicating their higher adequacy compared to Meyer’s prediction model.

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Tascioglu, Emre, Hamaid Mahmood Khan, Yusuf Kaynak, Mert Coşkun, Gurkan Tarakci, and Ebubekir Koç. "Effect of aging and finish machining on the surface integrity of selective laser melted maraging steel." Rapid Prototyping Journal ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2020-0269.

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Purpose The present study aims to investigate the effect of finish machining and aging processes on the surface integrity of the selective laser melted (SLM) maraging steel samples and compared them with those obtained conventionally. Design/methodology/approach Finish machining and aging were applied on the SLM and wrought maraging samples to investigate and compare their microstructural and mechanical properties such as surface roughness, microhardness and wear resistance. Findings After applying aging and finish machining treatments, the surface roughness <1 µm, microhardness (542Hv) and wear resistance (COF 0.578) of SLM samples were similar to their wrought counterparts. Compared to finish machining, the effect of aging was more significant on the microhardness and the wear resistance, regardless of sample type. Originality/value The knowledge of post-processing is essential to enhance the functional performance of the SLM samples. Aging and finish machining were applied for the first time to evaluate the surface integrity of the SLM prepared maraging steel and compared it with the wrought samples.

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"PHYTIME." Alloy Digest 56, no. 3 (March 1, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.ad.fe0141.

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Abstract Phytime is a maraging steel with a 2068 MPa (300 ksi) strength and a very high yield strength due to precipitation hardening. The major improvement over Durimphy (see Alloy Digest Fe-140, February 2007) is cleanliness and improved fatigue performance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: FE-141. Producer or source: Metalimphy Precision Alloys.

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"Additive manufacturing simulation for Maraging steel with consideration of phase transformation effect." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2020 (2020): S04103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2020.s04103.

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Fonseca, Daniela Passarelo Moura da, Ana Larissa Melo Feitosa, Leandro Gomes de Carvalho, Ronald Lesley Plaut, and Angelo Fernando Padilha. "A Short Review on Ultra-High-Strength Maraging Steels and Future Perspectives." Materials Research 24, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2020-0470.

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Lima Filho, Venceslau Xavier de, Tiago Nunes Lima, Sandro Griza, Breno Rabelo Coutinho Saraiva, and Hamilton Ferreira Gomes de Abreu. "The Increase of Fracture Toughness with Solution Annealing Temperature in 18Ni Maraging 300 Steel." Materials Research 24, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2020-0472.

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Chales, R., A. S. M. Cardoso, J. M. Pardal, S. S. M. Tavares, M. M. Silva, and D. A. P. Reis. "Modeling and Numerical Validation of Stress-Strain Curves of Maraging Steels, Grades 300 and 350 Under Hydrogen Embrittlement." Materials Research 24, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2020-0431.

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