Relevant bibliographies by topics / Maraging 200

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Maraging 200'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Maraging 200"

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Yang, M. X., Gang Yang, Zheng Dong Liu, Cun Yu Wang, and C. X. Huang. "Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Maraging Steel Processed by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing." Materials Science Forum 667-669 (December 2010): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.421.

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An 18Ni (C-250) maraging steel was successfully processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) for a single pass at room temperature. Microstructural observations showed that the martensite laths of 18Ni maraging steel were elongated to more narrow bands with a width of 100-200 nm after ECAP deformation. After ageing treatment, many nano-sized precipitates distributed uniformly within the refined martensite lathes. In comparison with the tensile strength (1940 MPa) of general used steel (solution + aging treatment), the tensile strength of the sample processed by ECAP and subsequent aging treatment was enhanced for more than 100 MPa (above 2050 MPa). The enhancement of tensile properties was attributed to microstructural refinement and uniformly distributed nano-precipitates.
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Tsay, L. W., Y. F. Hu, and C. Chen. "Embrittlement of T-200 maraging steel in a hydrogen sulfide solution." Corrosion Science 47, no. 4 (April 2005): 965–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2004.06.017.

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Wagner, John A. "Mechanical behavior of 18 Ni 200 grade maraging steel at cryogenic temperatures." Journal of Aircraft 23, no. 10 (October 1986): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.45375.

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dos Reis, Adriano Gonçalves, Danieli Aparecida Pereira Reis, Antônio Jorge Abdalla, and Jorge Otubo. "Effect of Plasma Nitriding on Creep Behavior at 550 °C of a Maraging Steel (300 Grade) Solution Annealed." Materials Science Forum 802 (December 2014): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.802.452.

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The objective of this work is to evaluate creep behavior of a maraging steel (300 grade) solution annealed before and after superficial treatment of plasma nitriding. Creep tests were conducted on a standard creep machine at stress range of 200 to 500 MPa at 550°C. Samples with a gage length of 18.5 mm and a diameter of 3.0 mm were used for all tests. Creep parameters are determined and a comparative analysis is established with the results gotten from the alloy with and without plasma nitriding. Maraging 300 steel plasma nitrided has showed a similar creep behavior compared with the same alloy without superficial treatment, with creep rate and stress exponent results very close to the material only solution annealed. This result can be associated with the strong impact of reversion of martensite to austenite and overaging at this temperature and time of exposure that minimizes the benefits of a superficial treatment.
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Li, Gan, Cheng Guo, Wen Feng Guo, Hong Xing Lu, Lin Ju Wen, Xiao Gang Hu, and Qiang Zhu. "Influence of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on Densification Behavior, Surface Quality and Hardness of 18Ni300 Steel." Key Engineering Materials 861 (September 2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.861.77.

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This study investigated the effect of laser power (P), scan speed (v) and hatch space (h) on densification behavior, surface quality and hardness of 18Ni300 maraging steel fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The results indicated that the relative density of the SLMed samples has a shape increase from 73% to 97% with the laser energy density increasing from 0.5 to 2.2 J/mm2. The relative density ≥ 99% was achieved at the energy density in the range of 2.2~5.9 J/mm2. The optimum process parameters were found to be laser power of 150~200 W, scan speed of 600mm/s and hatch space of 0.105mm. In addition, it was found that the hardness increased initially with the increasing relative density up to relative density of 90% and then little relationship, but finally increase again significantly. This work provides reference for determining process parameters for SLMed maraging steel and the development of 3D printing of die steels.
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Wu, C. P., L. W. Tsay, and C. Chen. "Notched tensile testing of T-200 maraging steel and its laser welds in hydrogen." Materials Science and Engineering: A 346, no. 1-2 (April 2003): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00552-x.

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Cabeza, M., G. Castro, P. Merino, G. Pena, M. Román, Javier Semiao, and P. Vázquez. "Optimization of Ageing Parameters of a Low Nickel Maraging Steel." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.471.

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In the present work the age hardening parameters of a 14Ni (200) maraging steel are studied in order to optimize mechanical properties of the steel. The initial characterization of the as received solution annealed steel has been carried out by optical and scanning electron microscopy (LOM and SEM), and hardness measurements. To identify the structural changes during ageing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were performed. Different time-temperature combinations were considered for the precipitation hardening treatment of as-quenched material samples. After hardness measurements, three of these treatments were selected for an in depth study. The obtained microstructure at the maximum hardness peaks then analysed (LOM, SEM and TEM) and mechanical behaviour (strength, toughness and wear resistance) was studied for the final selection of the age hardening conditions.
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Liu, Ping. "Structural determination of L-phase with Aucu(I) ordered structure observed in a new maraging steel." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 530–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100139020.

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A new maraging stainless steel has recently been developed at Sandvik and is termed Sandvik 1RK91 (12Cr-9Ni-4Mo-2Cu-1Ti-0.3Al-0.2Si (wt%)). The anomalous tempering response after aging at 475°C, combined with high strength, ductility, corrosion resistance and a high resistance to overaging were attributed to the formation of a quasicrystalline phase. In addition to this an ordered phase designated L-phase precipitated during prolonged aging. The structure type of this phase was determined by electron diffraction combined with EDX analysis. The material was annealed in the temperature range 1050-1150°C with subsequent air cooling and then aged at 475°C for up to 100 hours. Thin foils and carbon replica were studied using a Jeol 2000 FX analytical transmission electron microscope (TEM/STEM) equipped with a Link AN 10000 EDX system operating at 200 kV.The plate-like L-phase precipitated after prolonged aging at 475°C(100 h) as shown in Fig. 1(a). A typical EDX spectrum from L-phase is shown in Fig. 1(b).
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Radhakrishnan, K., and V. Muralidharan. "Optimization of Weld Parameters and Weld Bead Dimensions in Welding of 0.3%C-Cr-Mo-V Steel by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 852 (September 2016): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.178.

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ISRO space programs use Maraging Steel for its Solid rocket motor casings. Because of its higher cost and limitations in the availability,there is a need to develop alternate to this steel.ISRO has developed a unique material as a alternative to Maraging Steel namely 0.3%C-Cr-Mo-V steel (Electro Slag Refined modified 15CDV6 steel-ESR MOD 15CDV6). This material is being considered for making rocket motor casings and considered as substitute as well as replacement for Maraging Steel.Weldability is an important factor considered for fabrication of this material in the areas of rocketry.Since it is a new material, enough studies and welding details are not available to exploit this material for aero space applications.Among the various welding methods available in the welding of steels,GTAW (Gas Tunsten Arc Welding) process selected for undertaking this study because this process is clean,contamination free, easily adaptable and generally suitable for welding of high strength alloy steel.Literature survey indicates not much work has been reported in welding of such low alloy high strength steel with conventional welding methods.Similarly effect of heat treatment on weldments,quench characteristics,hardness response etc.also not available much. Hence, these factors are main reason to undertake this study.This paper is limited to studying , fixing of weld parameters and weld bead dimensions. In this expriment the welding parameters , its response for each set of experiments and influence on weld dimensions are studied.In this work a combination of weld parameters were selected using Design of Experiment (DOE) principle with three levels and four parameter (variables).Totally nine experiments with different combination of parameters conducted on the test coupons of size 8×200×150mm.The chemistry of parent metal and filler rod remains same. Three levels of current and voltage,and correspondingly other parameters like root gap,number of passes and welding speeds were employed.Details like the amount of shielding, purging gas used and quantity of flow are noted.Weld bead dimensions like bead width –B,reinforcement-R,penetration –r,penetration height-b are chosen as response.All the nine test coupons were subjected to Liquid Penetrant Test (LPT), X-ray radiography and found defect free.
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Cabeza, M., G. Castro, P. Merino, G. Pena, and M. Román. "Laser surface melting: A suitable technique to repair damaged surfaces made in 14 Ni (200 grade) maraging steel." Surface and Coatings Technology 212 (November 2012): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.09.039.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maraging 200"

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Bednárik, Marko. "Návrh změny výroby tvářené součásti na technologii lití do keramických skořepin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445164.

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This diploma thesis describes the process of production of the cast by the lost-wax casting method. It includes the manufacturing of prototype models by additive technology, creation of ceramic shell molds. The work also includes an experimental part focused on the production of the selected parts by the method of the lost-wax casting and the comparison of this method with other types of production.
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Wu, Chien-Peng, and 鄔前鵬. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Sensitivity of Laser Welded T-200 Maraging Steel." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98587689193026940709.

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Lu, Huei-Lin, and 盧惠琳. "The effect of microstructures and hydrogen permeation on the notch tensile properties of T-200 maraging steel." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05291764778334874253.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
材料工程研究所
95
Notched tensile tests were performed under a slow displacement rate to evaluate the influence of aging treatment and hydrogen-charging on the notched tensile strength (NTS) and fracture characteristics of T-200 maraging steel. Hydrogen breakthrough diffusivity (Db), effective diffusivity (DL), permeation flux and apparent solubility (Capp) of the specimens were determined by an electrochemical permeation method. The results indicated that the specimens aged at 482℃/for 4 h obviously raised the Capp with a decreased DL as compared to those of the solution-treated ones. In general, the grain size of T-200 specimens did not play a significant role in the hydrogen permeability experiment. The magnitude of Db decreased considerably in the aged specimens due to the presence fine precipitates and reverted austenite at grain boundaries, resulting in a lower Db than DL. An aged specimen with a coarse-grained structure was more sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement than the fine-grained one, even though they had the same strength in air. In contrast, the solution-treated specimen with a lower strength was resistant to gaseous hydrogen embrittlement but susceptible to sulfide stress corrosion cracking. The fracture appearance of the specimens tested in hydrogen-containing environments could also be related to the way of hydrogen transport to the plastic zone ahead of notch tip.
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Shetty, Kishora. "Ion-Nitriding Of Maraging Steel (MDN 250A Grade) For Light Combat Aircraft Applications." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/494.

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Maraging steels have got high strength and good toughness. Maraging steel MDN 250A grade is used for slat tracks on the leading edge of the wing of Light Combat Aircraft (LCA). This application requires high strength and good wear resistance. Required wear resistance for this application can be achieved by ion-nitriding (also called as Plasma nitriding or Glow discharge nitriding) process of case hardening. In conventional gas nitriding process the nitriding temperature is 500 – 550 0C, which is above the aging temperature of maraging steel. Ion-nitriding at temperatures lower than 480 0C is thought to be suitable for surface hardening for application of this material in slat tracks of the leading edge of the wing of LCA. Besides this ion-nitriding is stated to improve fatigue & wear resistance properties without significantly affecting other properties. Also this is a process where the thickness requirement is minimum for the wear properties accomplished. Further, no distortion, warpage and such other dimensional inhomogeneity problems are encountered. In ion-nitriding method glow discharge technology is used to introduce nascent (elemental) nitrogen to the surface of a metal part for subsequent diffusion into the material. The plasma assisted surface modification techniques offer a great flexibility and are capable in tailoring desirable chemical and structural surface properties independent of the bulk properties. It has other advantages like nil or very thin white layer after nitriding and there is no machining or grinding involved for complex parts after the process. The hardened surface layers become an integral part of the basic material without any significant reduction in the properties of base material. Aim of the present work is to study ion-nitriding process on Maraging steels, to carry out ion nitriding of Maraging steel MDN 250A grade at different temperatures and evaluation of properties. Presently, the ion-nitrided slat tracks have been cleared for limited usage instead of full expected life. Studies are also needed to understand the fatigue behavior upon nitriding. The main aspects considered in this study are, optimization of thickness of the ion-nitrided layer and properties required for aircraft applications like slat tracks on the leading edge of the wing where wear resistance, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties like tensile strength, impact strength and fatigue strength are important. To establish the variation in the basic properties of maraging steel (MDN 250A Grade) because of ion nitriding. Aging of Maraging steel is done at 480 ± 5 0C with very close temperature control. In industrial ion-nitriding furnaces the temperature control is of the order of ± 10 0C. As a part of this research work ion-nitriding at three different temperatures which are well below 480 0C were chosen. These temperatures are 435 0C, 450 0C and 465 0C and soaking time i.e., ion-nitriding duration is 10 hours. Microstructure is characterized using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray Diffraction. Properties evaluated include Hardness, Case depth, Tensile, Low Cycle Fatigue, Impact and Corrosion by Salt Spray. Optical microscopy and SEM examination don’t show change in core microstructure of the material after ion-nitriding. The iron compound formed in the hardened layer is Fe4N for all the three nitriding temperatures. Ion-nitrided specimens exhibit higher surface hardness and good case depth. Salt spray test results shows that there is animprovement in corrosion resistance after nitriding. The nitrided samples shown higher UTS and 0.2 % PS values than un nitrided ones, where as % Elongation and % Reduction in Area are lower for nitrided samples as compared to un nitrided samples. This can be attributed to the surface layer getting hardened because of ion nitriding. Impact strength of nitrided samples is lower compared to un nitrided samples. This is again due to the surface layer getting hardened because of ion nitriding. Low cycle fatigue properties obtained on ion-nitrided samples show improvement in the fatigue strength due to introduction of the residual compressive stresses. The mechanical properties satisfy the design requirements. Thus ion-nitriding of this Maraging steel (MDN 250A Grade) is suitable for parts which are subjected to constant wear and are complex in shape.
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Suryawanshi, Jyoti Balaji. "Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Selective Laser Melted Alloys." Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3604.

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Selective laser melting (SLM) of metallic powders is an additive manufacturing technique that is widely employed to produce 3D components, and is fast becoming an important method for manufacturing near-net shape and complex metallic parts. In this thesis, a comprehensive investigation on the effect of SLM on the mechanical and corrosion properties of the Al-12Si (AS), 316L stainless steel (SS), and 18(Ni)-300 grade managing steel (MS) is investigated, with particular emphasis on the developing (micro- as well as mesa-)structure -property correlations. Detailed microstructural characterization combined with quasi-static tensile, fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth, and unmatched fatigue tests were conducted. The effect of post-SLM heat treatment as well as the scanning strategy (linear vs. checker board hatch style) was examined and the results are compared with those of conventionally manufactured (CM) counterparts. The SLM alloys exhibit a mesostructured, in addition to the fine cellular structure along the boundaries. In a case of SLM-AS, the fine cellular structure imparts higher strength at the cost of ductility, while the mesostructured, which arises due to the laser track hatching, causes the crack path to be tortuous, and in turn leads to substantial increase in fracture toughness. This imparts significant anisotropy to the toughness while tensile properties are nearly-isotropic. The experimental results of SLM-SS also show that higher tensile strengths properties with a marked reduction ductility. In spite of these, the fracture toughness, which ranges between 63 and 87 MPa.m0.5, of the SLM-SS is good, which is a result of the mesostructured induced crack tortuousity.Both tensile and toughness properties of SLM-SS were found to be anisotropic in nature. Upon aging SLM-MS, nanoscale precipitation of intermetallic compounds occurs within the cells that, in turn, lead in marked improvements in tensile strengths properties, but substantial reductions in ductility and fracture toughness. Overall, the mechanical performance, except ductility, of the SLM-MS after aging is found to be similar to that of CM-MS. Importantly, the lack of ductility does not lead to a reduction in toughness. Although the SLM-MS alloy possesses a mesostructured, no significant anisotropy in the mechanical behaviour is observed. The unnoticed studies on SLM-AS, -SS, and -MS reveal that the tensile residual stresses, gas-pores, and unmelted powder particles, can degrade the unmatched highest fatigue properties considerably and hence need be eliminated for high fatigue strength. Room temperature, electrochemical corrosion resistances (CRs) of SLM-AS, -SS and -MS in 0.1M NaCl solution were also evaluated and compared with those CM counterparts. While SLM improves CRs of AS and SS, it degrades that of MS. The results are discussed in terms of microstructural refinement and porosity that are common in SLM alloys.
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Books on the topic "Maraging 200"

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G, Sandefur Paul, Young Clarence P, and Langley Research Center, eds. Braze alloy process and strength characterization studies for 18 nickel grade 200 maraging steel with application to wind tunnel models. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Maraging 200"

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Ren, Ke, Yiming Rong, Shaopeng Wei, Wei Xing, and Gang Wang. "Precipitation Behaviour and Its Strengthening Effect of Maraging Steel in Laser Cladding Remanufacturing." In TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 457–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_43.

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Song, Jun, Qian Tang, Qixiang Feng, Shuai Ma, Quanquan Han, and Rossitza Setchi. "Effect of Remelting Process on Surface Quality and Tensile Behaviour of a Maraging Steel Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting." In Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 2020, 251–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8131-1_23.

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Sanjari, Mehdi, Amir Hadadzadeh, Ayda Shahriairi, Saeed Tamimi, Hadi Pirgazi, Babak Shalchi Amirkhiz, Leo Kestens, and Mohsen Mohammadi. "On the Effect of Building Direction on the Microstructure and Grain Morphology of a Selective Laser Melted Maraging Stainless Steel." In TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 285–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_27.

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"Electron microscopy study of the nanocrystalline precipitates in a 12Cr-9Ni-4Mo-2Cu maraging steel." In Electron Microscopy and Analysis 2001, 69–72. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482289510-17.

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"GESCHICHTE FÜR KOMMUNALE ELITENDie Pisaner Annalen des Bernardo Maragone." In Sources and Research from Italian Archives and Libraries 2009, edited by Deutsches Historisches Institut in. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783484830929.63.

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Conference papers on the topic "Maraging 200"

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WAGNER, J. "Mechanical behavior of 18 Ni 200 grade maraging steel at cryogenic temperatures." In 26th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-704.

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Kawagoishi, N., T. Nagano, M. Goto, Y. Maeda, and M. Moriyama. "Effect of humidity on fatigue strength of shot peened maraging steel." In CONTACT/SURFACE 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/secm090181.

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Andersson, M., K. Stiller, and M. Hattestrand. "The Influence of Silicon on the Precipitation Process in Maraging Stainless Steels." In 2006 19th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivnc.2006.335384.

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Furumoto, Tatsuaki, Kyota Egashira, Kazushi Oishi, Satoshi Abe, Yohei Hashimoto, Tomohiro Koyano, and Akira Hosokawa. "Experimental Investigation Into the Spatter Particle Behaviour of Maraging Steel During Selective Laser Melting." In JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8521.

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Abstract The quality of built parts by selective laser melting (SLM) relies on the comprehension of the phenomena that takes place during the melting and solidification of the metal powder. The scattering of spatter particle as liquid metal during SLM process affects the layer consolidation of powder bed in addition to the surface quality of built part. The present study is focused on the spatter particle behaviour of maraging steel during SLM to achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena that occur during the melting and fusing of the metal powder. The spatter particles are tracked using high speed imaging, and the effects of the process parameters on the spatter particle behaviour are investigated. The spatter particles ejected from the melt pool are also physically and chemically evaluated. The results showed that the spatter particles were classified as being spherical or satellite types, according to their scattered volumes; some spatter particles were larger than the particles in the initial metal powder. Most spatter particles were ejected from the droplet formed around the melt pool and from the melted powder in front of the melt pool; the number of spatter particles ejected from the melt pool was relatively low. The surface roughness affected the generation locations and tracks of the spatter particles, and the substrate surface wettability was the principal factor affecting the spatter particle behaviour.
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Mescheryakov, Yu I. "Comparative Analysis of Uniaxial Strain Shock Tests and Taylor Tests for Armor and Maraging Steels." In SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1780310.

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Abo-Zahhad, Essam M., A. H. El-Shazly, Shinichi Ookawara, M. F. El-Kady, Abdallah Y. M. Ali, Hesham I. Elqady, Mohamed R. Elmarghany, Mohamed S. Salem, Mahmoud A. Shouman, and Ali Radwan. "Four Compartments Stepwise Varied Width Microchannels Cooling Approach for Densely-Packed Module of Concentration Photovoltaics." In ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2020-1006.

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Abstract The high concentration of solar radiation on the multijunction solar cells used in the highly concentrated photovoltaic modules cases a very high cell temperature. Also, high cell temperature operations overall performance and increase thermal stresses. Therefore, an efficient cooling arrangement is mandatory to achieve a higher net output power from the high concentrator photovoltaic structures. In this work, the comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) model was developed and manipulated to investigate the performance of an HCPV system under the active cooling scheme to figure out its ability to handle effective heat dissipations. Various novel cooling microchannels manifold designs were numerically investigated and compared in the term of cooling down a densely packed high concentration photovoltaic. The solar cell type is the latest product of AZURSPACE triple junction of 3 × 3 mm2 solar cell. A 64 multijunction solar cells (electrical efficiency of 42.3% at cell temperature 25 °C) module were considered in this work. The influence heat sink design, channel dimensions, and inlet flow rate on the cooling performance of the manifold heat sink device were examined. The same external dimensions are considered, and the flow was laminar and the inlet temperature 25 °C for all designs for a reasonable comparison. the heat sink material the maraging steel. The concept of dividing the heat sink area to many segments is adopted to improve the heat removal capacity. The concept of channel width variation along the flow stream length was studied. The heat sinks including rectangular channels were adopted as they are easy to be fabricated. The limitations of 3D metal printing and pumping requirements were considered for all proposed designs where the minimum channel width is 0.8 mm. The comparison between all studied designs is highlighted concerning surface average temperature surface temperature uniformity and pressure drop.
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Fukuyama, Seiji, Masaaki Imade, and Kiyoshi Yokogawa. "Hydrogen Environment Embrittlement of Steels and Alloys In 70 MPa Hydrogen at Room Temperature." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15214.

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Hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) of steels and alloys to be used in high-pressure hydrogen storage for fuel cell vehicles was investigated in 70 MPa hydrogen at room temperature. Candidate materials for high-pressure hydrogen storage, namely, stainless steels (i.e., SUS304; in the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), SUS316, SUS316L, SUS316LN, SUS310S, SUS630(17-4PH)), a low-alloy steel (SCM440), carbon steels (SUY, S15C, S35C, S55C and S80C), an iron-based superalloy (SUH660(A286)), Ni-based superalloys (Incoloy 800H, Inconel 718, Inconel 750, Hastelloy B2, Hastelloy C22), a copper-zinc alloy (C3771) and an aluminum alloy (A6061), were tested. SWP (piano wire), and SUS304, SUS316 and SUS631(17-7PH) wires used for springs were also tested. Tensile tests were conducted at room temperature using specially designed apparatus developed by our laboratory to measure the actual load on a specimen with an external load cell irrespective of the axial load caused by the high pressure and friction at sliding seals. In materials that contain Ni, i.e., stainless steels, and iron-based and Ni-based superalloys, HEE shows a variable Ni content dependence. We found that the effect of Ni equivalent on HEE of these materials shows a stronger dependence. HEE decreases with increasing Ni equivalent with grain boundary fracture or transgranular fracture along a martensite lath assisted by hydrogen for SUS630, SUS304, SUS316, SUS316LN and SUS316L. No HEE is observed in the given Ni equivalent range with dimple fracture for SUH660, SUS310S and Incoloy 800H; however, HEE increases with increasing Ni equivalent with transgranular fracture along a slip plane, that is along the interface between austenite and gamma', and with grain boundary fracture assisted by hydrogen for Inconel 718, Inconel 750, Hastelloy C22 and Hastelloy B2. These results and other HEE test results in high-pressure hydrogen obtained by AIST, i.e., results for 18 Ni maraging steel, low-alloy steels, high-Cr steels, Ni-based superalloys; are summarized in the AIST HEE data, which is compatible with NASA HEE data. HEE of the materials in high-pressure hydrogen is discussed. Internal reversible hydrogen embrittlement (IRHE) of some thermally hydrogen-charged austenitic stainless steels is also discussed in comparison with HEE of the steels.
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Du, Xiaoze, Lijun Yang, Yongping Yang, Na Zhao, and Haizhen Xian. "Analysis on Evaporation of Extended Thin Film Meniscus in Capillary Microstructure." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88042.

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Abstract:
The surface evaporation of the extended meniscus liquid film in the micro channel driven by the capillary force is of the key process in a lot of heat sink and thermal management equipments. The physio-mathematical model was established considering the variation of the apparent contact angle to describe the configuration of the total extended thin film region, including that of equilibrium, interline and intrinsic meniscus regions. In additions, the minimum energy principle was employed to determine the range of thin film interline region. The results indicate that the range of thin film interline region is quite small in the total extended film region, nevertheless the variation of its surface temperature is much obvious, implying that the resulted Maragoni effect can cause great “pump” force to drive the film flow, which may be the main contribution of the interline region to the total extended thin film evaporation. The variations of evaporating rate, and also the resulted mean velocity of liquid film in the thin film interline region under different wall temperature and apparent contact angle were revealed, which showed that there existed the local maximum value of evaporating rate in this region by the coupled influences of the decreased film thickness and variation of the interface temperature.
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