Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'MAPS pathway'
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Eglen, Stephen. "Modelling the development of the retinogeniculate pathway." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360522.
Full textMomin, Amin Altaf. "Application of bioinformatics in studies of sphingolipid biosynthesis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34842.
Full textGrieco, Luca. "Modélisation et analyse des dérégulations tumorales du réseau MAPK chez l'homme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4011.
Full textMAPK network consists of tightly interconnected signalling pathways. Although several studies established the involvement of this network in cancer deregulations, the precise mechanisms underlying its influence on the balance between cell proliferation and death remain elusive.Public data were integrated into a detailed reaction map, accounting for the influence of MAPK network on cell fate decision. This map was then used for computational analyses addressing specific cancer-related questions.First, the dynamics of MAPK network in bladder cancers were analysed. A Boolean model was built, accounting for the response of the network to selected inputs. The results of systematic simulations were found globally coherent with published data. Based on in silico experiments, the main events underlying different observed cancer cell behaviours were then deciphered.Next, the MAPK reaction map was exploited to reanalyse public high-throughput gene expression data. The goal was to identify key actors for the transduction of proliferative signals, in specific cell types. Network analyses and statistical computations led to the identification of deregulated MAPK network regions, and to the delineation of optimal intervention points aimed at blocking the proliferative signals transduced from such regions. This approach was used to study five different tumour stages and four different subtypes of T-cell lymphoma.Altogether, these results led to the formulation of novel hypotheses concerning the functioning of MAPK network in different pathological conditions, and to the selection of target components that might be considered for the development of novel treatments
Reppucci, Christina Jean. "The functional forebrain circuitry of fear-cue inhibited feeding in food-deprived rats: Evidence from complementary pathway tracing and Fos induction maps studies." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104569.
Full textThe drive to eat, like most motivated behaviors, is controlled by both intrinsic signals from the body as well as extrinsic signals from the environment. Although these factors often act in concert, in some instances environmental cues can override the body’s homeostatic signals. Prior work investigating the ability of learned cues to promote overeating in the absence of hunger identified a critical forebrain network composed of the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and lateral hypothalamus (LHA). We hypothesized that a similar forebrain network may also be critical when learned fear-cues inhibit eating despite hunger. The amygdala, mPFC and LHA are each anatomically and functionally positioned to influence feeding, and evidence suggests they could work together to support the fear-cue’s ability to inhibit feeding by overriding homeostatic hunger signals triggered by food-deprivation. Prior anatomical work identified direct pathways between these three large, heterogeneous regions; however, less is known about the organization of the underlying circuitries, especially between distinct nuclei and/or subdivisions that comprise these structures. Study 1 used a dual retrograde tract tracing design to map the topographical organization of the connections between the amygdala, mPFC, and LHA in detail, and to determine whether amygdalar pathways to the mPFC and to LHA originated from the same or different neurons. We found evidence for multiple, topographically organized, direct pathways from the amygdala to the LHA, and separate pathways from the amygdala to areas of the mPFC that send direct projections to the LHA. Importantly, nearly all amygdalar projections to the mPFC and to the LHA originated from different neurons, suggesting that amygdala and amygdala-mPFC processing influence the LHA independently. Study 2 used immediate early gene induction to map the patterns of functional activation within this amygdala-prefrontal-lateral hypothalamic network during the expression of fear-cue inhibited feeding behavior, and to assess whether these patterns were similar in males and females. We found differential activation across the network, and activation patterns related to the presentation of fear-cues, the presence of food-related cues, and the amount of food consumed were associated within distinct cell groups in the amygdala, mPFC, and LHA. Together, the studies presented in this dissertation provide anatomical and functional maps for future interrogation of the circuitry underlying fear-cue inhibited feeding
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
Jost, Mousseau Coline. "Propagation et toxicité de la superoxide dismutase 1 dans la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique modélisée par des neurones moteurs dérivés de cellules souches pluripotentes induites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS275.pdf.
Full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease with no curative treatment, leading to the death of motor neurons (MN) through mechanisms that are still poorly understood. The degeneration of MN causes progressive paralysis, which begins focally before affecting all skeletal muscles. The progression of paralysis does not follow a random pattern but spreads along the nerve tract. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the death of MN could involve the propagation of toxic pathological determinants from one cell to another.Among the many causal genes of ALS, several have been shown to code for proteins with a prion-like domain or properties. This is the case for the gene coding for superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), which is the second most common genetic cause of ALS. It has been demonstrated that mutations in SOD1 result in misfolded proteins (misSOD1) capable of transmitting their misfolded conformation to other SOD1 proteins. However, to date, there are no studies on the secretion of SOD1 and misSOD1 in MN under conditions close to the physiological context of patients. Therefore, the aim of my thesis work was to study the expression and secretion of SOD1 and misSOD1 in MN derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from control subjects and SOD1-mutated patients and to analyze the possible pathways of these proteins' secretion. First, I differentiated iPSCs into spinal MN and showed that misSOD1 accumulated in mutant MN. I then showed that SOD1 was secreted by both control and mutant MN, but the classical pathway mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus did not seem to be involved. I also observed that MN secreted exosomes, but they apparently did not contain SOD1. In the second phase, I focused on an unconventional secretion pathway specific to misfolded proteins: the MAPS pathway (Misfolded-Associated Protein Secretion), which has mainly been studied in the context of α-synuclein secretion. This pathway is initiated by the deubiquitinase USP19, which redirects misfolded proteins destined for proteasomal degradation by deubiquitination. The chaperone protein DNAJC5 then forms cargos with the deubiquitinated proteins, which are progressively directed via different organelles to the membrane for secretion. I showed that misSOD1 colocalized with the DNAJC5 protein in SOD1 mutant MN, suggesting a role for the MAPS pathway in SOD1 secretion. To confirm this, lentiviral vectors were produced to transduce the MN and modulate USP19 expression. Overexpression of USP19 did not change the number of colocalizations between misSOD1 and DNAJC5; however, decreasing USP19 reduced these colocalizations, suggesting the involvement of the MAPS pathway in misSOD1 secretion. By performing RNA sequencing on transduced MN, I observed that only 30 genes were deregulated with USP19 overexpression. However, with USP19 downregulation, 1758 and 1410 genes were respectively upregulated and downregulated. Seven pathways were significantly deregulated, including the protein secretion pathway, suggesting the importance of USP19 in protein secretion. The perspectives of this study include exploring the propagation of misSOD1 in cocultures between control and mutant MN to investigate the importance of USP19 and the MAPS pathway in propagation. In conclusion, my work has shown that SOD1 is secreted by MN from SOD1-mutated patients and that traditional secretion pathways are not involved, in contrast to the MAPS pathway. Therefore, the ability to modulate SOD1 secretion could represent a promising therapeutic target for slowing the progression of ALS
Maddison, Louise. "Experimental and theoretical modelling of the MAPK pathway." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/experimental-and-theoretical-modelling-of-the-mapk-pathway(46773da5-85dd-4a3f-8e6c-e3559ba04f46).html.
Full textCabrerizo, Benito Yolanda. "Studies on a PKC-PLD-MAPK pathway." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399767.
Full textKotwaliwale, Ashwin. "Frameworks for Modeling MAPK Pathways." Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520778.
Full textRui, Hongliang. "Regulation of MAPK/JNK signaling pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway by axin /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BICH%202004%20RUI.
Full textCD-ROM contains electronic versons of the thesis in pdf and word format. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-151). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
Anastasaki, Korina. "MAPK pathway : a role in development, disease and behaviour." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5955.
Full textSutton, Katrina Maria. "Regulation of HIF-1 by MAPK pathway and phosphorylation." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416446.
Full textKrayem, Mohammad. "MAPK pathway as a target for therapy in melanoma." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209067.
Full textGurgis, Fadi. "Targeting the p38 MAPK-MK2 pathway for glioblastoma therapy." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15943.
Full textKonieczkowski, David Joseph. "Systematic approaches to overcoming limitations of MAPK pathway inhibition in melanoma." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11094.
Full textWang, Belinda. "Mechanisms of Resistance to MAPK Pathway Inhibition in RAS-Mutant Cancers." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493475.
Full textMedical Sciences
Vergani, E. "BRAF AND MAPK PATHWAY MOLECULES FOR TARGETED THERAPY OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/173422.
Full textÅhlin, Mikaela. "Role of MKP-2 in crosstalk between MAPK pathways." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-261777.
Full textRobins, Stephanie. "The p38 MAPK pathway in human airway smooth muscle: roles in asthma." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97233.
Full textL'asthme est une maladie inflammatoire dont les glucocorticoïdes constituent le principal traitement via le contrôle de la voie p38 MAPK. Les cellules musculaires lisses bronchiques (CLM) jouent un rôle clé dans la physiopathologie de l'asthme notamment dans le remodelage des voies aériennes via leur capacité à proliférer, migrer et sécréter des médiateurs inflammatoires. La stimulation des CLM avec du TNFα entraine une activation des voies MAPK ERK et p38, induisant l'expression des gènes GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-33 et CXCL8. L'activation de la voie MAPK ERK est importante dans la migration des neutrophiles exposée à du milieu conditionné provenant de CLM stimulées par TNFα via son rôle sur l'expression de CXCL8. En contrepartie, la voie p38 MAPK joue un rôle important dans la migration des CLM en réponse à CXCL12, un chimiokine élevée dans les bronches de patients asthmatiques. Ces résultats ont mis en évidence un rôle important et divergeant des MAPKs dans les CLM dans la pathophysiologie de l'asthme sevère.
Chetty, Vasu Nephi. "Necessary and Sufficient Informativity Conditions for Robust Network Reconstruction Using Dynamical Structure Functions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3810.
Full textHong, Xinyang. "The balancing effect between MAPK and NFκB pathways for the transcriptional regulation of Toll-like receptors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a9d64615-68b1-46eb-a2d3-4eb8d1827a27.
Full textGrossi, Valentina. "The p38alpha MAPK pathway : a key factor in colorectal cancer progression and treatment." Thesis, Open University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664279.
Full textAngevine, Kristine R. "Menin Regulates Oxidative Stress Through Heme Oxygenase-1 and the p38 MAPK Pathway." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1352301888.
Full textSollome, James Jerome. "Heregulin Activates a Novel HER2/HER3-MTK1-GIT1/ERK1/2 MAPK Signaling Pathway." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/315554.
Full textTamburrino, Federica <1980>. "I disordini del pathway RAS-MAPK o Rasopatie: aspetti diagnostici, clinici e terapeutici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7435/4/Tamburrino_Federica_Tesi.pdf.
Full textRASopathies are developmental disorders caused by heterozygous germline mutations in genes encoding proteins in the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. These conditions share facial dysmorphism, failure to thrive, congenital heart disease, ectodermal, and skeletal anomalies, variable cognitive involvement, and susceptibility to certain malignancies as major characteristics. This study analized clinical features, growth trend and body proportions in 88 patients affected by RASopathies with molecularly confirmed diagnosis, and FH reached in 33, including 16 treated with GH therapy for proven GH deficiency. Clinically, 69 patients (78.4%) had a diagnosis of Noonan syndrome (NS), seven of NS/Loose anagen hair (8.0%), six of CFC syndrome (6.8%), and two of Costello syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) and Legius syndrome. Among them, 52 (59.1%) had PTPN11 mutations, while the other genotypes were less than 10%. Most patients were born at term, after a physiological pregnancy and presented regular neonatal adaptation. 75.9% patients had cardiac anomalies and 20.2% needed surgery for cardiac involvement. Thirty-three patients showed GH deficiency after pharmacological tests, and were GH-treated for an average period of 6.8±4.8 years. Before starting therapy, HV was -2.6±1.3 SDS, and mean basal IGF1 levels were -2.0±1.1 SDS. Long-term GH therapy, starting early during childhood, resulted in a positive height response compared with untreated patients (1.3 SDS in terms of height-gain), normalizing FH for Ranke standards but not for general population and Target Height. The delayed pubertal development and the inadequate pubertal catch-up growth could explain the impaired FH. Our patients on GH-therapy benefitted from the pharmacological treatment if started in pre-puberty and given for a long time. Probably, the prepubertal start of GH-treatment could compensate the lack of a pubertal growth. 1/88 patient had cancer, but she didn’t received GH. The patients presented cognitive impairment (41.1%), ADHD (38.8%), SNC anomalies (24.4%) and EEG alterations (6.7%).
Tamburrino, Federica <1980>. "I disordini del pathway RAS-MAPK o Rasopatie: aspetti diagnostici, clinici e terapeutici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7435/.
Full textRASopathies are developmental disorders caused by heterozygous germline mutations in genes encoding proteins in the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. These conditions share facial dysmorphism, failure to thrive, congenital heart disease, ectodermal, and skeletal anomalies, variable cognitive involvement, and susceptibility to certain malignancies as major characteristics. This study analized clinical features, growth trend and body proportions in 88 patients affected by RASopathies with molecularly confirmed diagnosis, and FH reached in 33, including 16 treated with GH therapy for proven GH deficiency. Clinically, 69 patients (78.4%) had a diagnosis of Noonan syndrome (NS), seven of NS/Loose anagen hair (8.0%), six of CFC syndrome (6.8%), and two of Costello syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) and Legius syndrome. Among them, 52 (59.1%) had PTPN11 mutations, while the other genotypes were less than 10%. Most patients were born at term, after a physiological pregnancy and presented regular neonatal adaptation. 75.9% patients had cardiac anomalies and 20.2% needed surgery for cardiac involvement. Thirty-three patients showed GH deficiency after pharmacological tests, and were GH-treated for an average period of 6.8±4.8 years. Before starting therapy, HV was -2.6±1.3 SDS, and mean basal IGF1 levels were -2.0±1.1 SDS. Long-term GH therapy, starting early during childhood, resulted in a positive height response compared with untreated patients (1.3 SDS in terms of height-gain), normalizing FH for Ranke standards but not for general population and Target Height. The delayed pubertal development and the inadequate pubertal catch-up growth could explain the impaired FH. Our patients on GH-therapy benefitted from the pharmacological treatment if started in pre-puberty and given for a long time. Probably, the prepubertal start of GH-treatment could compensate the lack of a pubertal growth. 1/88 patient had cancer, but she didn’t received GH. The patients presented cognitive impairment (41.1%), ADHD (38.8%), SNC anomalies (24.4%) and EEG alterations (6.7%).
LUBRANO, SIMONE. "Yeast S. cerevisiae as a tool to study BRAFV600E kinase isoforms." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1040150.
Full textHan, Sung-Jun. "Études sur les voies de signalisation de la réponse immunitaire dans Drosophila melanogaster et Anopheles gambiae." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066174.
Full textDenley, Simon M. "The role of the systemic inflammatory response, the JAK STAT pathway and the MAPK pathway in the prognosis of resectable pancreatic cancer." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/523/.
Full textTang, Jing Yan. "Calycosin promotes angiogenesis involving estrogen receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2158133.
Full textSharp, Leslie L. "Studies on the role of the erk MAPK pathway in thymocyte lineage commitment decisions /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9944213.
Full textLuisi, Pierre 1985. "Positive selection in humans : from singles to interaction maps." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286921.
Full textDesde el “Origen de las Especies” de Darwin a la reciente revoluci´on gen´omica, muchos bi´ologos han centrado su investigaci´on en la comprensi ´on de c´omo la selecci´on natural ha dado forma a la variabilidad entre y dentro de las especies. Aunque, los avances te´oricos y emp´ıricos han sido notables, la mayor´ıa de los mecanismos biol´ogicos que subyacen a las bases moleculares de la adaptaci´on biol´ogica a´un no est´an suficientemente esclarecidos. La visi´on seleccionista de adaptaci´on marc´o el sesgo de los estudios evolutivos hacia el an´alisis de genes individuales. La mayor´ıa de estudios publicados destinados a la detecci´on de la selecci´on positiva utilizando datos de polimorfismo o de divergencia se han realizado utilizando un gen candidato o un enfoque de exploraci´on gen´omica, como se describe en los dos primeros art´ıculos presentados en la presente tesis. Sin embargo, la evoluci´on de genes est´a muy condicionada por el contexto biol´ogico en el que cada gen realiza su funci´on intr´ınseca, siendo el fenotipo, y no el genotipo, su materia primaria. Por lo tanto, a fin de comprender la evoluci´on de genes, y en particular cuando se considera la evoluci´on adaptativa, es crucial reducir la brecha entre el genotipo y el fenotipo. Los genes y las prote´ınas no act´uan de manera aislada, sino que interact´uan entre s´ı con el fin de realizar una funci´on biol´ogica determinada. Por lo tanto, un marco prometedor al estudiar la selecci´on natural a nivel molecular seria considerar las redes de genes, como se describe en los dos ´ultimos art´ıculos de la presente tesis. Los an´alisis de los datos de polimorfismo gen´etico, tanto de los genes que componen la v´ıa de la insulina, c´omo de los todos los genes descritos en los mapas f´ısicos de interacci´on prote´ına-prote´ına tienen resultados muy sorprendentes: los genes que act´uan en el n´ucleo de ambas redes, teniendo as´ı m´as efecto sobre un determinado fenotipo o m´as efectos ple´otropicos dentro del organismo, tienen m´as probabilidades de ser el blanco de la selecci´on positiva reciente.
Pang, Wei Wei. "The role of mitochondria in regulating MAPK signalling pathways during oxidative stress." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0026.
Full textLundegaard, Pia Rengtved. "Chemical genetics in zebrafish : modulation of cAMP and MAPK pathways in behaviour." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23456.
Full textIp, Koon-ching. "Role of G[alpha]-interacting protein (GAIP) in modulation of MAPK pathways /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BICH%202008%20IP.
Full textRathore, Moeez Ghani. "Metabolic pathways and their function in leukemogenesis : the role of MAPK ERK5." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T022/document.
Full textCancer cells have anaerobic-like glycolysis to generate ATPs instead of oxidative phosphorylation. This specific metabolism provides advantages to cancer cells: rapid growth and immune evasion, which involves downregulation of MHC-I at the cell surface and it is linked to metabolic change. In our experiments, we force leukemic cells to produce energy by oxidative phosphorylation by incubating them with glutamine as an energy source in the absence of glucose. The forced respiration increases MHC-I transcription and protein level. This change of metabolism also leads to increase MAPK ERK5 expression and accumulation in mitochondria. ERK5 mediates changes in both MHC-I and metabolism. The respiration-induced upregulation of MHC-I is blocked in leukemic cells stably expressing short hairpin ERK5 (shERK5). ERK5 transcriptionally regulates the class III histone deacetylase Sirtuin 1 through activation of its target MEF2 and subsequently MEF2 binding to SIRT1 promoter. The ERK5-induced transcriptional regulation of SIRT1 mediates the antioxidant response in leukemic cells and downregulation of ERK5 impairs the antioxidant response. The increased glutamine metabolism found in leukemic cells is initiated by glutaminase (GLS), a rate limiting enzyme for glutamine metabolism. miR-23a targets GLS mRNA and inhibits GLS expression. The glutamine medium induces p65 translocation to the nucleus that leads to increase p65 transcriptional activity. NF-KB p65 inhibits miR-23a expression by bringing HDAC4 to the miR-23a promoter. This allows leukemic cells to increase the use of glutamine as an alternative source of carbon. Thus, forcing respiration in leukemic cells controls MHC-I expression, antioxidant response and facilitate tumor growth
Li, Weiling. "Genetic changes in melanoma progression." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5595.
Full textBurkitt, Wright Emma Mary Milborough. "De novo germline disorders of the Ras-MAPK pathway : clinical delineation, molecular diagnosis and pathogenesis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/de-novo-germline-disorders-of-the-rasmapk-pathwayclinical-delineation-molecular-diagnosis-and-pathogenesis(9688dc20-7b1b-46f1-a638-b4d1809f430b).html.
Full textCaccamise, Lauren M. "Regulation of a Differentiation MAPK Pathway by a Novel Integrated Signaling Network and Multiple Sensors." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3725898.
Full textFilamentous growth is a cell differentiation program utilized by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to respond to nutrient limitation in the environment. This process is principally controlled by a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway but is also impacted by a number of other pathways including Ras2p-cAMP-PKA, Target of Rapamycin, Rim101, and mitochondrial retrograde. Using a high-throughput genetic screening approach in conjunction with directed gene-deletion analysis, I have identified 97 new regulators of the filamentous growth MAPK pathway. These new regulators created new connections to the filamentous growth MAPK pathway as well as extended previously known connections. I have linked several of the pathways governing filamentous growth together as part of an integrated signaling network by showing that these pathways regulate each other’s transcriptional targets. This network indicates an intricate level of communication and coordination among these pathways that has not been previously appreciated. I show that proper coordination of the filamentous growth MAPK pathway is essential for proper morphogenesis and this is a potential reason for the many inputs used to control this response. The filamentous growth MAPK pathway is also regulated by three transmembrane proteins – Msb2p, Sho1p, and Opy2p. Here these three proteins are compared to determine that they have specific functions in regulating filamentous growth. The three proteins exhibit different localization patterns and rates of turnover from the plasma membrane. I show that the Rim101 pathway affects the filamentous growth MAPK pathway independently of the ESCRT pathway which shares components with the Rim101 pathway. Additionally, I have shown that overexpression of the arrestin protein Aly1p results in mislocalized Msb2p and diminished pathway activity.
DI, BIASE ERIKA. "GM1 OLIGOSACCHARIDE ACCOUNTS FOR GM1 ROLE IN ENHANCING NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTING ON TRKA-MAPK PATHWAY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/692335.
Full textThe GM1 ganglioside is a mono-sialylated glycosphingolipid present in the outer layer of the cell plasma membrane and abundant in neurons. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies highlight the role of GM1 not only as a structural component but also as a functional regulator. Indeed, GM1 enrichment in membrane microdomains promotes neuronal differentiation and protection, and the GM1 content is essential for neuronal survival and maintenance. Despite many lines of evidence on the GM1-mediated neuronotrophic effects, our knowledge on the underlying mechanism of action is scant. Recently, the oligosaccharide chain of GM1 (oligoGM1) has been identified as responsible for the neuritogenic properties of the GM1 ganglioside in neuroblastoma cells. The oligoGM1-mediated effects depend on its binding to the NGF specific receptor TrkA, thus resulting in the TrkA-MAPK pathway activation. In this context, my PhD work aimed to confirm the role of the oligoGM1, as the bioactive portion of the entire GM1 ganglioside, capable of enhancing the differentiation and maturation processes of mouse cerebellar granule neurons. First, we performed time course morphological analyses on mouse primary neurons plated in the presence or absence of exogenously administered gangliosides GM1 or GD1a (direct GM1 catabolic precursor). We found that both gangliosides increased neuron clustering and arborization, however only oligoGM1 and not oligoGD1a induced the same effects in prompting neuron migration. This result suggests the importance of the specific GM1 saccharide structure in mediating neuronotrophic effects. Then we characterized biochemically the oligoGM1-mediated effect in mouse primary neurons, and we observed a higher phosphorylation rate of FAK and Src proteins which are the intracellular key regulators of neuronal motility. Moreover, in the presence of oligoGM1 cerebellar granule neurons showed increased level of specific neuronal markers (e.g., β3-Tubulin, Tau, Neuroglycan C, Synapsin), suggesting an advanced stage of maturation compared to controls. In addition, we found that the oligoGM1 accelerates the expression of the typical ganglioside pattern of mature neurons which is characterized by high levels of complex gangliosides (i.e., GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b) and low level of the simplest one, the GM3 ganglioside. To study the mechanism of action of the oligoGM1, we used its tritium labeled derivative and we found that the oligoGM1 interacts with the cell surface without entering the cells. This finding suggests the presence of a biological target at the neuronal plasma membrane. Interestingly, we observed the TrkA-MAP kinase pathway activation as an early event underlying oligoGM1 effects in neurons. Our data reveal that the effects of GM1 ganglioside on neuronal differentiation and maturation are mediated by its oligosaccharide portion. Indeed, oligoGM1 interacts with the cell surface, thus triggering the activation of intracellular biochemical pathways that are responsible for neuronal migration, dendrites emission and axon growth. Overall, our results point out the importance of oligoGM1 as a new promising neurotrophic player.
Jin, Jiawei. "Signalling regulation of cardiac hypertrophy by the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/signalling-regulation-of-cardiac-hypertrophy-by-the-mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-mapk-pathways(028e5785-b25f-4459-9668-ad13a2885a40).html.
Full textMiolli, Giulia Valentina. "Apple and strawberry MADS-box genes and their function in plant developmental pathways." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423840.
Full textIl ruolo fondamentale svolto dai fattori di trascrizione MADS-box nei diversi processi di sviluppo delle piante è stato descritto in dettaglio nell’organismo modello Arabidopsis thaliana. Tuttavia la loro funzione in colture di maggior valore agricolo e commerciale rimane da indagare. La presente ricerca si propone di comprendere il loro ruolo in due colture agronomicamente importanti appartenenti alle Rosacee: melo (Malus x domestica Borkh.) e fragola (Fragaria vesca). Studi dell’espressione genica attraverso Real time PCR e RNA-seq hanno permesso l’identificazione di due geni di melo appartenenti ai geni DAM (Dormancy Associated MADS-box). I due geni appartengono alla clade StMAD11 e sono stati denominati MdDAM1 e MdDAM2, quest’ultimo scoperto ex novo. Analisi di espressione con Real time PCR in gemme dormienti raccolte durante il periodo invernale e studi di immunoprecipitazione di cromatina (ChIP) hanno confermato che i geni sono silenziati in seguito all’espozione al freddo. Inoltre si è provato che solo MdDAM1 è epigeneticamente represso, come era stato in precedenza dimostrato in Arabidopsis per il gene FLC e in pesca per i geni DAM. In parallelo si è lavorato su alcuni geni MADS-box di fragola, di cui era nota la funzione, coinvolti nello sviluppo del fiore. Tra questi geni ne sono stati scelti tre, i probabili omologhi di PISTILLATA e AGAMOUS in Arabidopsis, per svolgere sia analisi di espressione, sia analisi funzionali che sfruttano l’approccio di RNA interference per ottenere silenziamento genico post-trascrizionale. Le linee transgeniche risultate positive sono state valutate a livello molecolare e fenotipico. Il silenziamento dei singoli geni non ha mostrato alterazioni nello sviluppo del fiore, suggerendo un diverso meccanismo coinvolto nello sviluppo del fiore in fragola, probabilmente a causa della sua particolare struttura.
Liu, Boqi. "The gene regulatory network in the anterior neural plate border of ascidian embryos." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253119.
Full textFernaÌndez, Serra Montserrat. "Role of the MAPK signalling pathway in the epithelial mesenchyme transition in the sea urchin embryo." Thesis, Open University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441145.
Full textPerera, Munasinhage Venura Lakshitha. "Metabolic profiling of plant disease : from data alignment to pathway predictions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3906.
Full textFourneaux, Benjamin. "Ciblage de la voie PI3K/mTOR dans les léiomyosarcomes : sensibilité et mécanismes de résistance." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0742/document.
Full textLeiomyosarcomas (LMS) are tumors of mesenchymal origin characterized by a smooth cell differentiation. The PI3K/mTOR pathway has been shown to play a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of LMS. Several agents targeting this pathway are under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. We report here the first study evaluating its potential therapeutic benefit for patients with LMS. We have demonstrated that dual inhibition of PI3K and mTOR is associated with more effective antitumor activity than agents targeting PI3K or mTOR only. We have also shown that PI3K and mTOR inhibition is associated with a paradoxal activation of the MAPK pathway and that combined treatment with MEK inhibitor resulted in synergistic antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we developed in vitro and in vivo resistant model to dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. Interestingly, we have found that a cancer stem cell-like subpopulation may be involved in treatment resistance. We have shown that pharmacological inhibition of EZH2, a crucial protein of the Polycomb complex, is able to reverse dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor resistance in vitro and in vivo. These results provide new therapeutic strategies for patients with LMS
Ovrén, Caroline. "Knockdown of the ERK pathway using siRNA in cultured chicken cardiomyocytes." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104567.
Full textMakarenko, Rostyslav. ""Adaptive mutations" in the S/MAPK pathways provide selective advantage in quiescent fission yeast." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS253.pdf.
Full textQuiescence and proliferation reflect two fundamentally different cellular stages, yet very limited information exists on how cells maintain their genome stability in quiescence. Using nitrogen-starved fission yeast as a model for quiescence, our laboratory has demonstrated that cells are not only subject to DNA damage in G0 but also accumulate replication-independent mutations linearly with time. In our current work, we have demonstrated that mutations accumulating in growth-arrested phase undergo a selection process in quiescence similar to that observed in E. coli. Selection favors mutations that affect functions of the genes of the MAP-kinase (mkh1, pek1, pmk1) and SAP-kinase pathways (win1, wis1, sty1), and their downstream targets (pmc1, sgf73, tif452). These genes represent core cellular signaling that regulates cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell death conserved among all eukaryotic species from yeast to human. Mutations in components of the S/MAPK pathways and their regulators are associated with multiple diseases in humans, primary cancer and degenerative neuronal death accumulated with ageing. In this work, we have demonstrated that wild-type cells dying in quiescence release traces of nitrogen that triggers the viable population to exit from quiescence. The wild-type cells are dying during their entry into S-phase releasing more nitrogen. Thus, mutants in the S/MAPK pathways are better scavengers and selection in quiescence is characterized by the ability of the mutant to resume cycling in quiescence coupled with a resistance to programed cell death
Mogensen, Christina Klarskov. "Release of bFGF from endotelial cells is mediated by protease induced HSP27 phosphorylation via p38-MAPK pathway." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-51999.
Full textBelkind, Ori. "Physical systems : conceptual pathways between spacetime and matter /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5703.
Full textSchmitt, Wolfgang Daniel. "Expression und Regulation der MAPK-Phosphatasen im Ovarialkarzinom." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974669334.
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