Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mapping of elemental distribution

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mapping of elemental distribution'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mapping of elemental distribution"

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Pereira, G. R., H. S. Rocha, M. J. Anjos, P. C. M. A. Farias, C. A. Pérez, and R. T. Lopes. "Elemental distribution mapping on breast tissue samples." European Journal of Radiology 68, no. 3 (December 2008): S104—S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.04.047.

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Houk, Carol S., and Catherine J. Page. "Mapping the elemental distribution in sol-gel derived ceramics." Advanced Materials 8, no. 2 (February 1996): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19960080218.

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Leapman, R. D., and C. R. Swyt. "Quantitative Electron Energy Loss Mapping." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100118898.

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The intensity of a characteristic electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) image does not, in general, directly reflect the elemental concentration. In fact, the raw core loss image can give a misleading impression of the elemental distribution. This is because the measured core edge signal depends on the amount of plural scattering which can vary significantly from region to region in a sample. Here, we show how the method for quantifying spectra due to Egerton et al. can be extended to maps.
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NAAB, F. U., F. D. MCDANIEL, J. L. DUGGAN, B. C. BOLING, and D. SMITH. "ELEMENTAL MAPPING OF A POST OAK LEAF USING A PROTON MICROPROBE." International Journal of PIXE 17, no. 03n04 (January 2007): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012908350700123x.

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Elemental distributions in a post oak leaf was measured using the Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique and a proton microbeam at energy of 3 MeV with spatial resolution of 10 μm. The elements detected in this sample were Mg , Al , Si , P , S , Cl , K , Ca , Cr , Mn , Fe , Cu , Zn , Br , Rb , and Sr . Among them, spatial differences in the distribution of nine elements were observed between the vascular and mesophyll tissue. Si , Cl , K , and Ca were mostly accumulated in vascular tissue, while Mg , P , S , Cr , and Mn were for the most part accumulated in the mesophyll. The distribution of Ca appeared to follow cell wall contours. The distribution of some of these elements is compared to the function of the elements in living tissue and future possibilities for this type of investigation are discussed.
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Liang, Long C. "Quantitative mineral compositional analysis using digital x-ray images." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 746–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010008804x.

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Digital x-ray imaging (DXI) has been utilized to display spatial elemental distribution and to conduct quantitative elemental compositional mapping on various samples. The quantitative elemental compositional mapping technique, however, requires the use of an advanced image analysis and computer system to display elemental concentration maps. In this study, a simplified DXI technique is used to achieve two goals: (1) display elemental distribution, and (2) conduct quantitative mineral compositional analysis using stored digital x-ray maps. The analytical procedure of this technique can be easily implemented to similar instruments in any laboratory.Quantitative analysis with the simplified DXI technique is performed using background-corrected elemental pixel intensities instead of using net x-ray counts as in a conventional electron microprobe analysis. In this study, digital x-ray mapping has been conducted using a JEOL 733 electron microprobe automated with a Tracor Northern (TN) 5500/5600 system. A TN image analysis program, IPP, was used to acquire all digital x-ray maps at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV and a beam current of 15 nA.
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Marini, Carlo, Josep Roqué-Rosell, Marc Campeny, Shiva Toutounchiavval, and Laura Simonelli. "MAP2XANES: a Jupyter interactive notebook for elemental mapping and XANES speciation." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 4 (May 19, 2021): 1245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577521003593.

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MAP2XANES is an intuitive Jupyter notebook that automatizes the analysis of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging and X-ray absorption spectroscopy for the characterization of complex and heterogeneous samples. The notebook uses basic modules and functions from Numpy, Scipy, Pandas, iPywidgets and Matplotlib libraries for a powerful data reduction process that, in just a few clicks, guides the user through the visualization of elemental maps, space-resolved absorption spectra and their automatized analysis. In particular, by means of linear combination fit of the XANES spectra, the notebook determines the chemical species distribution in the sample under investigation. The direct output of the analysis process is the correlation between the different elemental distributions and the spatial localization of the chemical species detected. An application to mineralogy is thus presented, analyzing the Mn2+, Mn3+ and Mn4+ distribution in a mineral sample of hausmannite (Mn2+Mn2 3+O4), courtesy of the Museum of Natural Science of Barcelona.
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Ikematsu, Y., D. Shindo, T. Oikawa, and M. Kersker. "Elemental Mapping of Materials Using Omega Filter and Imaging Plate." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600033572.

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Elemental microanalysis has been important in materials characterization, since the elemental distribution strongly affects the property of various materials. A recently developed post-column energy filter coupled with a slow scan CCD camera makes it possible to carry out elemental mapping with a transmission electron microscope. Here, we develop the elemental mapping technique utilizing the omega filter and imaging plates (3760x3000 pixels). Since the data obtained from the imaging plates consist of a large number of pixels, fine and detailed elemental analysis will be expected.Energy-filtered images were obtained by a JEM-2010 electron microscope installed with an omega-type energy filter, and they were recorded on imaging plates (FDL-UR-V:25 μm/pixel). The width of an energy-selecting slit was set to be 20 eV. Elemental maps were obtained from the energy-filtered images using the three window technique. Special care was taken to reduce the image shifts among the three filtered images used in the three-window method.
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Leapman, Richard D., Eva Kocsis, Guo Zhang, Thomas L. Talbot, and Patrice Laquerriere. "Mapping Cellular Elemental Distributions in Three Dimensions." Microscopy and Microanalysis 10, S02 (August 2004): 1182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927604881881.

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Kawasaki, M., F. Hosokawa, G. Fritz, and N. Kale. "Drift-Corrected High Magnification Elemental X-Ray Mappng." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600034589.

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Chemical analysis in a TEM has usually been done as a manual point analysis by forming a probe of an appropriate size for the area of interest. This type of local analysis may provide enough information from the selected area, but these days when materials properties are found to be deeply dependent on chemical distribution, one needs to do a higher dimensional analysis using a systematic line scan or mapping.Since the advent of the Field Emission Gun (FEG), chemical mapping using X-rays (EDS mapping) or inelastic scattered electrons (Energy Filtering mapping) has become more and more commonly used due to the extremely high resolution information available in the chemical map. Compared to the energy filtered mapping, EDS maps take longer to acquire due to the use of the scanned probe over the area but EDS mapping allows a wider choice of elements to map due to the wider energy range it covers.
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DeMiglio, D. S. "Ore characterization by digital color x-ray mapping." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 850–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100145595.

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A silver ore was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to aid in the selection of an extraction process by documenting the distribution and association of elements found within a representative sampling of ore particles. Through the use of color image processing similar to that used by Krakow digital X-ray maps were acquired which showed elemental distributions indicative of mineral phases previously identified by X-ray powder diffraction. Prior to this investigation silver particles (<10 microns) were observed to be randomly distributed throughout the host rock which was primarily a silica gangue.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mapping of elemental distribution"

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Alapää, Pär. "Soil geochemical mapping of manganese in Norrbotten : Delineation of the spatial and statistical distribution of manganese and correlated elements in glacial tills." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-111075.

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Information from soil geochemical mapping programmes is useful within a number of different fields including for example mineral exploration and environmental research. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between soil metal concentrations and geological factors such as bedrock lithology, structural geology, mineralizations etc. The study used data acquired in association with a nationwide soil geochemical mapping programme conducted by the Geological Survey of Sweden, SGU. These data contained both total element concentrations measured via X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and acid leached concentrations measured with plasma technique. Basic statistical compilations were made, including classification of element concentrations into percentiles according to SGU standards, calculation of leachability and correlation analyses. Spatial analyses were also done, using GIS-software. The results showed that all investigated elements except zinc had elevated median values for total concentrations in the project area compared to the natural median values. The strongest correlation for total element concentrations was that between iron and cobalt with Spearman ρ=0.88. Furthermore, the results of this study indicated that sampling sites superimposing volcanic rocks contained the highest total concentrations of manganese. The results also suggested that manganese content increased with increasing age of the underlying bedrock. The highest median concentration of 0.80 g/kg was found in Archean rocks. Known mineralizations were often reflected in the form of positive element anomalies in the till geochemistry. The obtained results were also consistent with the average composition of the bedrock. No clear connections with any of the other investigated geological factors could be made.
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Šindelářová, Anna. "Analýza zubů a kostí metodou spektroskopie laserem buzeného plazmatu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445149.

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The presented diploma thesis deals with the elemental composition of hard tissues – human and murine jaws studied by laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS). Samples of human teeth contained a disease called ankylosis and the difference in elemental composition of healthy and diseased tissue was observed to localize ankylosis in the tooth. When evaluating the map of the spatial distribution of phosphorus and calcium, a decrease in the concentration of these elements in the ankylosis infected area was observed. Furthermore, murine jaws containing lead were analyzed. When assessing the spatial distribution of lead in tissue, it was found that lead was incorporated in murine teeth in the enamel at the tip of the incisor and molars. In conclusion, LIBS method achieved good results considering the detection of the elemental distribution of hard tissues. It enables to differentiate parts of the tooth in terms of elemental composition and tissue hardness and also to detect changes in the matrix caused by a disease or bioaccumulation of heavy metals.
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Nabeel, Muhammad. "Diffusion of Elemental Additives during Sintering." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100702.

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The mechanical properties of components made by PM steels are normally inferior to those made by alternative processes. One of the main reasons is that a large amount of pores are present in sintered components. The other main reason is that the alloying elements, particularly Ni, are not uniformly distributed after conventional sintering procedures.  This work is aimed at a better understanding of the influence of alloying additions on mechanical properties and homogeneity of the microstructure. The experimental work has been carried out in two trials. Trial 1 was performed to investigate mechanical properties of Distaloy powders (commercial grades) and second trial to examine influence of alloying additions on homogeneity of microstructure.  For trial 1, as-sintered and heat treated specimens were produced by mixing commercial powders with two different carbon levels. Whereas, alloying elements were admixed to base iron powder for producing  sintered specimens for trial 2. Mechanical properties including dimensional changes, micro-hardness, tensile strength and impact resistance were measured. Distribution of alloying elements was studied using LOM and SEM-EDS analysis. The results obtained show that additions of alloying elements enhance the mechanical properties. Moreover, interaction of C with Cu and Ni as well as interaction between Cu and Ni have a deceive role in determining final properties of the components. The metallographic investigation indicated that major reasons of heterogeneous microstructure are slow diffusion of Ni in Fe matrix and interaction of other alloying elements with Ni.  The results of trial 2 showed that addition of Mo and Cu to Ni-containing PM steels improves the distribution of Ni in Fe matrix. Mo results in improved uniformity of microstructure by lowering the chemical potential of carbon. In Ni and Cu containing alloys, the interaction between Ni and Cu is responsible for enhanced distribution of Ni. However, the improved Ni distribution is achieved at the expense of non-uniform distribution of Cu. In Ni-containing PM steels, improved microstructure homogenization can be attained by increasing Ni-Cu interaction, lowering the surface energy of Ni-Cu liquid and decreasing the chemical potential of carbon.
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Khaleque, Nazrul. "Quantitative elemental and molecular mapping of undemineralised tissue using x-ray microscopy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243822.

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Ahari, Homayoun. "Assembly, phase transitions, order and elemental distribution in microporous tin(IV) chalcogenides." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ35095.pdf.

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Anderson, Evan Pelzner. "Chuaria, Vendotaenia, and the taphonomy of the Carbonaceous Compression." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72988.

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Carbonaceous Compressions are a widespread preservational style for fossils, yet their taphonomy remains poorly understood. Previous studies focusing on the taphonomy of carbonaceous compressions have primarily looked at exceptionally preserved faunas in plane view. The precious nature of these fossils leaves destructive techniques of analysis out of the question, but these techniques are necessary if the taphonomy of carbonaceous compressions is to be deciphered. This study analyzes Neoproterozoic carbonaceous compressions from the Yangtze Gorges area in order to address this issue. Chuaria fossils from the Jiulongwan, Sixi, and Sifangtan sections of the Doushantuo Formation and Vendotaenia fossils from the Wuhe and Miaohe sections of the Denying Formation are microchemically analyzed in both plane view and cross section in order to gain a greater understanding of the makeup of carbonaceous compressions. Results confirm and elaborate on previous studies. Likely clay coats are detected on some Chuaria specimens, while they are absent on less thermally mature specimens. Evidence for sulfate reduction in association with carbonaceous compressions is found. Sulfur enrichment, rather than clay coats, is found in association with Vendotaenia fossils. These observations lead to the hypothesis that while organic remains require a very precise set of taphonomic conditions in order to be preserved as carbonaceous compressions, there may be more than one set of conditions that allow for preservation. More studies of a greater taxonomic and taphonomic range of carbonaceous compressions are needed, however, if the mechanisms which control this preservational pathway are to be fully understood.
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Feldman, Steven B. "Pedogenesis, weathering processes, and elemental distribution along a soil climosequence in the southern Piedmont." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-155645/.

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Destun, Krystofer J. "Mapping stream fish distribution and abundance from riparian vegetation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35882.pdf.

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Gerych, Walter. "Versatile Anomaly Detection with Outlier Preserving Distribution Mapping Autoencoders." Digital WPI, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1345.

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State-of-the-art deep learning methods for outlier detection make the assumption that outliers will appear far away from inlier data in the latent space produced by distribution mapping deep networks. However, this assumption fails in practice,because the divergence penalty adopted for this purpose encourages mapping outliers into the same high-probability regions as inliers. To overcome this shortcoming,we introduce a novel deep learning outlier detection method, called Outlier Preserving Distribution Mapping Autoencoder (OP-DMA), which succeeds to map outliers to low probability regions in the latent space of an autoencoder. For this we leverage the insight that outliers are likely to have a higher reconstruction error than inliers. We thus achieve outlier-preserving distribution mapping through weighting the reconstruction error of individual points by the value of a multivariate Gaussian probability density function evaluated at those points. This weighting implies that outliers will result in an overall penalty if they are mapped to low-probability regions. We show that if the global minimum of our newly proposed loss function is achieved,then our OP-DMA maps inliers to regions with a Mahalanobis distance less than \delta, and outliers to regions past this \delta, \delta being the inverse ChiSquared CDF evaluated at 1−\alpha with \alpha the percentage of outliers in the dataset. We evaluated OP-DMA on 11 benchmark real-world datasets and compared its performance against 7 different state-of-the-art outlier detection methods, including ALOCC and MO-GAAL. Our experiments show that OP-DMA outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on 7 of the datasets, and performs second best on 3 of the remaining 4 datasets, while no other method won on more than 1 dataset.
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Kelly, Dermot James. "Connexin distribution and optical mapping of the mammalian av node." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78393.

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Atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction and the pathways of propagation through the AV node have remained enigmatic. Histological and immunohistochemical studies have revealed distinct cellular regions within the AV node with varying distribution of specific ion channels. However, to date, there is little information concerning the pattern of localization of the gap junction proteins that mediate intercellular communication. The current immunohistochemical/confocal studies show a non-uniform distribution of three connexin isoforms (Cx 40, Cx 43 and Cx 45) within these cellular regions of the rat AV node with a marked transition from Cx 43 to Cx 40 at the compact node region. In addition, a high resolution mapping system coupled with extracellular recording electrodes was implemented during this study and has allowed for a macroscopic overview of the rabbit AV node. This approach revealed a marked delay in conduction at the area of the compact node. This information in association with the immunohistochemical studies may help to provide further insight into the mechanisms underlying the AV nodal delay.
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Books on the topic "Mapping of elemental distribution"

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Teekens, R. Mapping personal to household income distribution. [Santiago del Chile]: OficinaInternacional del Trabajo, PREALC, 1985.

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McNaughton, Gary A. Deployment of mapping systems in distribution cooperatives. Arlington, Va: National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, 1999.

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Skaar, Don. P.D. Skaar's Montana bird distribution: Mapping by latilong. 3rd ed. Bozeman, MT: Montana Academy of Sciences, 1985.

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Skaar, Don. P.D. Skaar's Montana bird distribution: Mapping by latilong. 3rd ed. Bozeman, MT: Montana Academy of Sciences, 1985.

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Exchange entitlement mapping: Theory and evidence. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

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Hammond, Paula. The atlas of the world's most dangerous animals: Mapping nature's born killers. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish, 2010.

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Wentworth, Carl M. General distribution of geologic materials in the southern San Francisco Bay Region, California: A digital map database. [Menlo Park, CA]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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David, Hall, and Foulo T, eds. Poverty and livelihoods in Lesotho, 2000: More than a mapping exercise. Maseru: Sechaba Consultants, 2000.

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Jarvis, Alice. Endemic birds of Namibia: Evaluating their status and mapping biodiversity hotspots. Windhoek, Namibia: Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, 1997.

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Davis, Benjamin. Choosing a method for poverty mapping. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mapping of elemental distribution"

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Bityukova, Liidia, and Manfred Birke. "Urban Geochemistry of Tallinn (Estonia): Major and Trace-Elements Distribution in Topsoil." In Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas, 348–63. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470670071.ch20.

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Zhang, Guangliang, Chunlai Li, Ziyuan Ouyang, Yongliao Zou, and Yongchun Zheng. "Lunar Elemental Distribution." In Encyclopedia of Lunar Science, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05546-6_54-1.

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Papst, Ilse, Gerald Kothleitner, Ferdinand Hofer, and Leo Binder. "Mapping the Distribution of Doping Elements in Electrolytically Doped Manganese Dioxide by EFTEM and EELS." In Electroactive Materials, 121–29. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6211-8_12.

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Roters, Franz. "Mapping the Crystal Orientation Distribution Function to Discrete Orientations in Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Forming Simulations of Bulk Materials." In Materials Science Forum, 803–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-408-1.803.

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Hofer, Ferdinand, and Peter Warbichler. "Elemental Mapping Using Energy Filtered Imaging." In Transmission Electron Energy Loss Spectrometry in Materials Science and The EELS Atlas, 159–222. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527605495.ch6.

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Zatonski, W., J. Tyczynski, and N. Becker. "Geographical Distribution of Cancer in Poland." In Cancer Mapping, 176–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83651-0_18.

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Wickstead, Helen. "Cults of the distribution map." In Re-Mapping Archaeology, 37–72. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351267724-3.

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Jakes, Kathryn A., and Allen Angel. "Determination of Elemental Distribution in Ancient Fibers." In Advances in Chemistry, 451–64. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1988-0220.ch026.

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Economou, Garifalia, Ahmet Uludag, and Hansjörg Krähmer. "Global cotton weed distribution." In Atlas of Weed Mapping, 90–100. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118720691.ch8.

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Zhuk, L. I., and A. A. Kist. "Mapping Technique Based on Elemental Hair Composition Data." In Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences, 307–20. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0473-2_34.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mapping of elemental distribution"

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Panighello, S., V. S. Šelih, J. T. van Elteren, G. Sommariva, and E. F. Orsega. "Elemental mapping of polychrome ancient glasses by laser ablation ICP-MS and EPMA-WDS: a new approach to the study of elemental distribution and correlation." In Integrated Approaches to the Study of Historical Glass - IAS12, edited by Hugo Thienpont, Wendy Meulebroeck, Karin Nys, and Dirk Vanclooster. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.975698.

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Yaguchi, T., M. Konno, T. Kamino, M. Ogasawara, K. Kaji, T. Ohnishi, and M. Watanabe. "3D Observation of Elemental Distribution of Si-Device using a Dedicated FIB/STEM System." In ISTFA 2005. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0382.

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Abstract A technique for preparation of a pillar shaped sample and its multi-directional observation of the sample using a focused ion beam (FIB) / scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) system has been developed. The system employs an FIB/STEM compatible sample rotation holder with a specially designed rotation mechanism, which allows the sample to be rotated 360 degrees [1-3]. This technique was used for the three dimensional (3D) elemental mapping of a contact plug of a Si device in 90 nm technology. A specimen containing a contact plug was shaped to a pillar sample with a cross section of 200 nm x 200 nm and a 5 um length. Elemental analysis was performed with a 200 kV HD-2300 STEM equipped with the EDAX genesis Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) system. Spectrum imaging combined with multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) [4, 5] was used to enhance the weak X-ray signals of the doped area, which contain a low concentration of As-K. The distributions of elements, especially the dopant As, were successfully enhanced by MSA. The elemental maps were .. reconstructed from the maps.
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Yang, Sang-Hyeok. "Simultaneous Mapping of Elemental Distribution and Ionic Displacement in Multiferroic BiFeO3 Thin Film via a Picoscale-precision STEM-EDX." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.596.

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Nguyen, Trong, Michael Oelze, and Minh Do. "Bistatic passive mapping of the field distribution of single element transducer in agar phantom." In 2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2014.0551.

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Yu, Xinghua, Dongxiao Qiao, Paul Crooker, Stan David, and Zhili Feng. "Measurement of Plastic Strain Distribution in Dissimilar Metal Weld by Micro-Hardness Mapping." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28864.

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Measuring plastic strains is very useful method for validating finite element model of weld residual stress, which is very important for understanding welding process and facilitating other engineering applications. In this work, the distribution of plastic strains in a multi-pass dissimilar metal weld comprised of Nickel Alloy 82 and austenitic stainless steel 304L is evaluated quantitatively through micro-hardness mapping. An experiment procedure was developed to separate the contribution to hardness from the plastic strain (work hardening) that forms the chemistry variation in the dissimilar metal weld. It is found that high equivalent plastic strains are predominately accumulated in the buttering layer, the root pass, and the heat affected zone, which experience multiple welding thermal cycles. The final cap passes, experiencing only one or two welding thermal cycles, exhibit less plastic strain accumulation. Moreover, the experimental residual plastic strains are compared with those predicted using an existing weld thermo-mechanical model with two different strain hardening rules.
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Craddock, Paul, Prakhar Srivastava, Harish Datir, David Rose, Tong Zhou, Laurent Mosse, and Lalitha Venkataramanan. "ENHANCED MINERAL QUANTIFICATION AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS FROM DOWNHOLE SPECTROSCOPY LOGS USING VARIATIONAL AUTOENCODERS." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0069.

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This paper describes an innovative machine learning application, based on variational autoencoder frameworks, to quantify the concentrations and associated uncertainties of common minerals in sedimentary formations using the measurement of atomic element concentrations from geochemical spectroscopy logs as inputs. The algorithm comprises an input(s), encoder, decoder, output(s), and a novel cost function to optimize the model coefficients during training. The input to the algorithm is a set of dry-weight concentrations of atomic elements with their associated uncertainty. The first output is a set of dry-weight fractions of fourteen minerals, and the second output is a set of reconstructed dry-weight concentrations of the original elements. Both sets of outputs include estimates of uncertainty on their predictions. The encoder and decoder are multilayer feed-forward artificial neural networks (ANN), with their coefficients (weights) optimized during calibration (training). The cost function simultaneously minimizes error (the accuracy metric) and variance (the precision or robustness metric) on the mineral and reconstructed elemental outputs. Training of the weights is done using a set of several-thousand core samples with independent, high-fidelity elemental and mineral (quartz, potassium-feldspar, plagioclase-feldspar, illite, smectite, kaolinite, chlorite, mica, calcite, dolomite, ankerite, siderite, pyrite, and anhydrite) data. The algorithm provides notable advantages over existing methods to estimate formation lithology or mineralogy relying on simple linear, empirical, or nearest-neighbor functions. The ANN numerically capture the multi-dimensional and nonlinear geochemical relationship (mapping) between elements and minerals that is insufficiently described by prior methods. Training is iterative via backpropagation and samples from Gaussian distributions on each of the elemental inputs, rather than single values, for every sample at each iteration (epoch). These Gaussian distributions are chosen to specifically represent the unique statistical uncertainty of the dry-weight elements in the logging measurements. Sampling from Gaussian distributions during training reduces the potential for overfitting, provides robustness for log interpretations, and further enables a calibrated estimate of uncertainty on the mineral and reconstructed elemental outputs, all of which are lacking in prior methods. The framework of the algorithm is purposefully generalizable that it can be adapted across geochemical spectroscopy tools. The algorithm reasonably approximates a ‘global-average’ model that requires neither different calibrations nor expert parameterization or intervention for interpreting common oilfield sedimentary formations, although the framework is again purposefully generalizable so it can be optimized for local environments where desirable. The paper showcases field application of the method for estimating mineral type and abundance in oilfield formations from wellbore logging measurements.
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Brown, J. Teye, Ajay M. Popat, Chad B. O’Neal, and Yixiang Xie. "Intermetallic Effects of Electroplated Lead-Free Solder Bumps Using a Novel Single Chamber Electroplating Process for Large Diameter Wafers." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33906.

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In this study solder bumps of various alloys and less than 100 microns in diameter were electroplated using a novel single chamber electroplating process in which the plating baths are exchanged between the different metal plating layers. This equipment is new to the manufacturing arena. The reflow profile and process was then optimized for the various alloys such as SnAg, and electroplated layered SnPb, and PbSn 95/5%, with PbSn 95/5% being the control leaded solder for comparison. Various fluxes were also used during the reflow of these bumps. The solder bumps were reflowed on a conduction reflow oven in a nitrogen environment such that the temperature profile could be carefully controlled. The bumps were analyzed by examining the bump diameter and height uniformity, surface quality, and elemental composition and distribution inside the bumps. These analyses were done by visual inspection by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The wafers were diced near a row of solder bumps, then podded and polished using a metallographic polishing system to the center of solder bumps. These bump cross-sections were then examined by EDS to perform elemental mapping of the alloy constituents.
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Lau, S. H., Wenbing Yun, Sylvia JY Lewis, Benjamin Stripe, Janos Kirz, Alan Lyon, David Reynolds, Sharon Chen, Vladimir Semenov, and Ian Spink. "Innovative Nondestructive Compositional Mapping of Trace-Elements and Contaminants at Micron-Scale in Wafers and Packaging." In ISTFA 2016. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2016p0485.

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Abstract We describe a technique for mapping the distribution and concentrations of trace elements, most notably with capabilities of achieving 1-10 parts per million sensitivities within 1 second and at &lt;8 μm resolution. The technique features an innovative, high flux microstructured x-ray source and a new approach to x-ray optics comprising a high efficiency twin paraboloidal x-ray mirror lens. The resulting ability to acquire dramatically higher sensitivities and resolution than conventional x-ray fluorescence approaches, and at substantially higher throughput enables powerful compositional mapping for failure analysis, process development, and process monitoring.
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Adsley, Ian, Richard K. Bull, and Claire Burgess. "A Matrix-Inversion Method for Gamma-Source Mapping From Gamma-Count Data." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96017.

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In a previous paper (1) it was proposed that a simple matrix inversion method could be used to extract source distributions from gamma-count maps, using simple models to calculate the response matrix. The method was tested using numerically generated count maps. In the present work a 100 kBq Co60 source has been placed on a gridded surface and the count rate measured using a NaI scintillation detector. The resulting map of gamma counts was used as input to the matrix inversion procedure and the source position recovered. A multisource array was simulated by superposition of several single-source count maps and the source distribution was again recovered using matrix inversion. The measurements were performed for several detector heights. The effects of uncertainties in source-detector distances on the matrix-inversion method are also examined. The results from this work give confidence in the application of the method to practical applications, such as the segregation of highly active objects amongst fuel-element debris.
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Nelson, George J., Kyle N. Grew, Aldo A. Peracchio, John Izzo, and Wilson K. S. Chiu. "Analysis of the X-Ray Imaged Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Microstructure." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39338.

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Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes are comprised of heterogeneous functional materials that include a pore phase which supports gas transport and solid phases which support ionic and electronic charge transport. A more detailed understanding of the contributions each of these phases makes to overall anode performance is critical for the design and development of next generation SOFCs. In the present work, three dimensional tomographic reconstructions of SOFC anodes are addressed with consideration given to the characterization of distinct pore, ionic and electronic conducting phases. These reconstructions are produced from transmission x-ray microscope (TXM) images taken at 38 nm spatial resolutions. Elemental mapping enabled by the TXM is used to determine the distribution of pore and solid ionic and electronic conducting phases within the anode. The results presented provide key insights into the composition and morphology of SOFC microstructures. The application of x-ray computed tomography (XCT) to ex situ SOFC micrsostructural characterization is demonstrated, and further applications of this technique are discussed.
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Reports on the topic "Mapping of elemental distribution"

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W. DAILY AND A. RAMIREZ. MAPPING MOISTURE DISTRIBUTION IN YUCCA MOUNTAIN USING ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE TOMOGRAPHY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/776487.

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Ternan, M., P. Rahimi, D. Liu, H. D. Dettman, and D M Clugston. Coprocessing consortium - year 3 progress report: project F7 elemental/molecular weight distribution of unconverted vacuum residues. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304546.

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Aberman, Noora-Lisa, Doreen S. Kufoalor, and Rachel Gilbert. Mapping the implementation process for subsidized fertilizer distribution under Ghana’s Planting for Food and Jobs Program. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134432.

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Nell, Ryan, and Will Nichols. Mapping the Concentration Distribution of Contaminant Plumes to the Computational Grid of the Plateau to River Model (Ver. 8.3). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1635525.

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Sharma, B. Techniques for mapping the types, volumes, and distribution of clays in petroleum reservoirs and for determining their effects on oil production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6512563.

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Misiuk, B., and V. Lecours. Mind the scale! Modeling at multiple scales to predict the distribution of sediment grain size for use in benthic habitat mapping. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305899.

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Sharma, B. Techniques for mapping the types, volumes, and distribution of clays in petroleum reservoirs and for determining their effects on oil production. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10160364.

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Galvin, Jeff, and Sarah Studd. Vegetation inventory, mapping, and characterization report, Saguaro National Park: Volume III, type descriptions. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284802.

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The Sonoran Desert Network (SODN) conducted a vegetation mapping and characterization effort at the two districts of Saguaro National Park from 2010 to 2018. This project was completed under the National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory, which aims to complete baseline mapping and classification inventories at more than 270 NPS units. The vegetation map data were collected to provide park managers with a digital map product that meets national standards of spatial and thematic accuracy, while also placing the vegetation into a regional and national context. A total of 97 distinct vegetation communities were described: 83 exclusively at the Rincon Mountain District, 9 exclusively at the Tucson Mountain District, and 5 occurring in both districts. These communities ranged from low-elevation creosote (Larrea tridentata) shrub-lands spanning broad alluvial fans to mountaintop Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests on the slopes of Rincon Peak. All 97 communities were described at the association level, each with detailed narratives including lists of species found in each association, their abundance, landscape features, and overall community structural characteristics. Only 15 of the 97 vegetation types were existing “accepted” types within the NVC. The others are newly de-scribed and specific to Saguaro National Park (and will be proposed for formal status within the NVC). This document is Volume III of three volumes comprising the Saguaro National Park Vegetation Mapping Inventory. This volume provides full type descriptions of the 97 associations identified and mapped during the project, and detailed in Volume I. Volume II provides abridged versions of these full descriptions, briefly describing the floristic and structural characteristics of the vegetation and showing representative photos of associations, their distribution, and an example of the satellite imagery for one polygon.
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Evans, Julie, Kendra Sikes, and Jamie Ratchford. Vegetation classification at Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Mojave National Preserve, Castle Mountains National Monument, and Death Valley National Park: Final report (Revised with Cost Estimate). National Park Service, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279201.

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Vegetation inventory and mapping is a process to document the composition, distribution and abundance of vegetation types across the landscape. The National Park Service’s (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) program has determined vegetation inventory and mapping to be an important resource for parks; it is one of 12 baseline inventories of natural resources to be completed for all 270 national parks within the NPS I&M program. The Mojave Desert Network Inventory & Monitoring (MOJN I&M) began its process of vegetation inventory in 2009 for four park units as follows: Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE), Mojave National Preserve (MOJA), Castle Mountains National Monument (CAMO), and Death Valley National Park (DEVA). Mapping is a multi-step and multi-year process involving skills and interactions of several parties, including NPS, with a field ecology team, a classification team, and a mapping team. This process allows for compiling existing vegetation data, collecting new data to fill in gaps, and analyzing the data to develop a classification that then informs the mapping. The final products of this process include a vegetation classification, ecological descriptions and field keys of the vegetation types, and geospatial vegetation maps based on the classification. In this report, we present the narrative and results of the sampling and classification effort. In three other associated reports (Evens et al. 2020a, 2020b, 2020c) are the ecological descriptions and field keys. The resulting products of the vegetation mapping efforts are, or will be, presented in separate reports: mapping at LAKE was completed in 2016, mapping at MOJA and CAMO will be completed in 2020, and mapping at DEVA will occur in 2021. The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) and NatureServe, the classification team, have completed the vegetation classification for these four park units, with field keys and descriptions of the vegetation types developed at the alliance level per the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). We have compiled approximately 9,000 existing and new vegetation data records into digital databases in Microsoft Access. The resulting classification and descriptions include approximately 105 alliances and landform types, and over 240 associations. CNPS also has assisted the mapping teams during map reconnaissance visits, follow-up on interpreting vegetation patterns, and general support for the geospatial vegetation maps being produced. A variety of alliances and associations occur in the four park units. Per park, the classification represents approximately 50 alliances at LAKE, 65 at MOJA and CAMO, and 85 at DEVA. Several riparian alliances or associations that are somewhat rare (ranked globally as G3) include shrublands of Pluchea sericea, meadow associations with Distichlis spicata and Juncus cooperi, and woodland associations of Salix laevigata and Prosopis pubescens along playas, streams, and springs. Other rare to somewhat rare types (G2 to G3) include shrubland stands with Eriogonum heermannii, Buddleja utahensis, Mortonia utahensis, and Salvia funerea on rocky calcareous slopes that occur sporadically in LAKE to MOJA and DEVA. Types that are globally rare (G1) include the associations of Swallenia alexandrae on sand dunes and Hecastocleis shockleyi on rocky calcareous slopes in DEVA. Two USNVC vegetation groups hold the highest number of alliances: 1) Warm Semi-Desert Shrub & Herb Dry Wash & Colluvial Slope Group (G541) has nine alliances, and 2) Mojave Mid-Elevation Mixed Desert Scrub Group (G296) has thirteen alliances. These two groups contribute significantly to the diversity of vegetation along alluvial washes and mid-elevation transition zones.
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Henderson, Tim, Mincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285306.

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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile for this unit. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be recorded such that other researchers may evaluate it in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN, methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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