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Journal articles on the topic 'Map scale'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Quintián, Héctor, and Emilio Corchado. "Beta Scale Invariant Map." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 59 (March 2017): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2017.01.002.

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2

Baruque, Bruno, and Emilio Corchado. "WeVoS scale invariant map." Information Sciences 280 (October 2014): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2014.05.005.

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3

Fyfe, Colin. "A scale-invariant feature map." Network: Computation in Neural Systems 7, no. 2 (January 1996): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-898x_7_2_006.

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4

Fyfe, Colin. "A scale-invariant feature map." Network: Computation in Neural Systems 7, no. 2 (May 1996): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-898x/7/2/006.

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5

Sissakian, Varoujan K., and Saffa F. Fouad. "Geological map of Sulaimaniyah quadrangle, at scale of 1: 250 000." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A GeoKurdistan II, Special issue (April 1, 2016): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10477.

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6

Schobbenhaus, Carlos. "The GIS underpinned Geological Map of Brazil, 1:1 million scale." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 158, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2007/0158-0003.

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7

Elvebakk, Arve. "A vegetation map of Svalbard on the scale 1:3.5 mill." Phytocoenologia 35, no. 4 (December 13, 2005): 951–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2005/0035-0951.

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8

Cheng, Y., Y. Yin, C. M. Li, W. Wu, P. P. Guo, X. L. Ma, and F. M. Hu. "A MODEL STUDY OF SMALL-SCALE WORLD MAP GENERALIZATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-223-2018.

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With the globalization and rapid development every filed is taking an increasing interest in physical geography and human economics. There is a surging demand for small scale world map in large formats all over the world. Further study of automated mapping technology, especially the realization of small scale production on a large scale global map, is the key of the cartographic field need to solve. In light of this, this paper adopts the improved model (with the map and data separated) in the field of the mapmaking generalization, which can separate geographic data from mapping data from maps, mainly including cross-platform symbols and automatic map-making knowledge engine. With respect to the cross-platform symbol library, the symbol and the physical symbol in the geographic information are configured at all scale levels. With respect to automatic map-making knowledge engine consists 97 types, 1086 subtypes, 21845 basic algorithm and over 2500 relevant functional modules.In order to evaluate the accuracy and visual effect of our model towards topographic maps and thematic maps, we take the world map generalization in small scale as an example. After mapping generalization process, combining and simplifying the scattered islands make the map more explicit at 1 : 2.1 billion scale, and the map features more complete and accurate. Not only it enhance the map generalization of various scales significantly, but achieve the integration among map-makings of various scales, suggesting that this model provide a reference in cartographic generalization for various scales.
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9

Hudson, Berman D., and James R. Culver. "Map Scale in the Soil Survey." Soil Horizons 35, no. 2 (1994): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sh1994.2.0036.

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10

Tobler, W. "Spherical Quadrilateral to Map Scale Conversion." American Cartographer 16, no. 1 (January 1989): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304089783875640.

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11

Holbrook, David. "A Large Scale Map of Misery." Cambridge Quarterly XIX, no. 3 (1990): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/camqtly/xix.3.285.

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12

Roberge, Martin C., and Linda L. Cooper. "Map Scale, Proportion, and Google Earth." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 15, no. 8 (April 2010): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.15.8.0448.

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13

Gröbe, Mathias, and Dirk Burghardt. "Developing and Evaluating Multi-Scale Map Styles: Creating a Multi-Scale Legend." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 13, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-100-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In recent years, the usage of zoomable maps strongly increased. The development of small and cheap electronic devices with wireless internet connection such as smartphones and tablets has made maps nowadays to a crucial part of everyday life. For the navigation and orientation, the user often uses zoomable maps (Muehlenhaus, 2014). Currently the technological development controls the map design and less cartographic design rules, which leads to the impress those current maps have a lower graphic quality. A sample for this trend is the new vector tile based maps, which offer the advantage of rotatable, multilingual maps build on one database (Martinelli and Roth, 2016).</p><p> There is a need for the development of cartographic design guidelines to guarantee consistent map readability over all zoom levels. The infinitely zoomable maps especially vector maps intensify this development. Analog maps had one specific scale, while a series of topographic maps were offered in manageable number of scales in comparison to OpenStreetMaps 20 zoom levels for raster tiles (Anon, 2019). Raster web maps had a number of predefined zoom levels, while vector maps offer the possibility of continuous zooming. This fact clarifies the requirement of research and development of rules for such types of maps.</p><p> A first important task for the fulfilment of this objective is the evaluation of a multi-scale map styles. For this task, we developed the concept of a multi-scale legend. This new tool should help cartographers and designer to create, modify and improve multi-scale map styles. It can help to explore existing map styles, identify inconsistencies and support the design process. We decided to use the legend due to the abstraction of the map style from map content. For visualization of the scale-dependencies for each feature in a row, the scale/zoom level changes in each column. In combination with other map features and zoom levels results a two-dimensional matrix showing the scale-dependent visualization. This legend matrix shows the map features in every zoom level, which allows reaching an overview of the symbolization of features over several scales. In this way, it is possible to check how consistent a map style is in one zoom level as well as over a set of zoom levels.</p><p> Figure 1 shows an example for a legend matrix using the OpenStreetMap Carto style: the representation of selected water bodies depending on the scale is illustrated. Streams and springs always occur together within the same zoom levels. In contrast to the rivers, the width of the streams remains nearly constant across the different scales. It is also visible that the color for the spring differs from the other water features. A multi-scale legend offers the possibility of grouping feature classes by topics (e.g. water bodies, vegetation and road network) as in the example. Other possibilities are geometry, color or occurrence in similar zoom levels. This can help in the search for errors, in the identification of breaks in the symbolization and in the development of continuous symbolization. The result is similar but more illustrative than the ScaleMaster (Brewer and Buttenfield, 2007, 2010), which is a diagram describing how feature classes are visualized depending from scale. Benefits of this legend are clarification of scale depended visualizations and the graphic implementation of design guidelines. A challenge is the implementation for different map styles due to the associated effort and the resulting sometimes very large overviews.</p><p> An on-going technological development takes place, wherefore cartographers should upgrade the design guidelines and methods for the production of current technological, well-looking maps. With the multi-scale legend, we provided a smart legend for a zoomable map. Nevertheless, these new ideas we have developed need more research and should always take the map purpose in account. Further, we would like to apply the multi-scale legend on existing map styles to reach more information about how these styles are working. In addition, we will further develop the multi-scale legend to a documentation of the creation of the map, showing how data is generalized and visualized.</p>
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14

Edwards, Thomas C., Gretchen G. Moisen, and D. Richard Cutler. "Assessing Map Accuracy in a Remotely Sensed, Ecoregion-Scale Cover Map." Remote Sensing of Environment 63, no. 1 (January 1998): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(96)00246-5.

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15

Park, Woo Jin, Yoon Sik Bang, and Ki Yun Yu. "Automated Generation of Multi-Scale Map Database for Web Map Services." Korean Journal of Geomatics 30, no. 5 (October 31, 2012): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7848/ksgpc.2012.30.5.435.

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16

MACHINAKA, Noriaki, and Yoji KURODA. "Automatic map integration using semantic nodes for large-scale map constructions." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2017 (2017): 2P2—A05. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2017.2p2-a05.

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17

Ghosh, Sanjib K. "Photo-scale, map-scale and contour intervals in topographic mapping." Photogrammetria 42, no. 1-2 (November 1987): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-8663(87)90004-4.

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18

Allen, Charles P. "Variable Magnification Considerations for Airborne, Moving Map Displays." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 2 (October 1988): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200227.

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Color moving-map displays are increasingly being recommended for inclusion in the crewstations of modern aircraft. Research evaluates display magnification requirements for color, moving-map display systems for two map scale uses, three map scales and two lighting conditions. Results show significant differences in magnification requirements for different map uses, map scales and lighting conditions. Results suggest the need for new guidelines.
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19

Canters, Frank. "Advances in small-scale map projection research." Belgeo, no. 1-2-3-4 (December 30, 2000): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.13883.

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20

Schweinfurth, Ulrich, J. B. Kirkpatrick, and K. J. M. Dickinson. "Vegetation Map of Tasmania (Scale 1:500,000)." Mountain Research and Development 8, no. 1 (February 1988): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673416.

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21

Yu.L., Bugaevskiy. "Method for obtaining variable-scale map projections." Geodesy and Aerophotosurveying 63, no. 1 (2019): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30533/0536-101x-2019-63-1-68-78.

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22

Costa, Fernando, Luís Veiga, and Paulo Ferreira. "Internet-scale support for map-reduce processing." Journal of Internet Services and Applications 4, no. 1 (2013): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1869-0238-4-18.

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23

Tsoar, A., R. Nathan, Y. Bartan, A. Vyssotski, G. Dell'Omo, and N. Ulanovsky. "Large-scale navigational map in a mammal." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 37 (August 15, 2011): E718—E724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107365108.

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24

Blicharska, Malgorzata. "Scale of global road map is impractical." Nature 496, no. 7445 (April 2013): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/496300b.

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25

Aulinas, J., J. Salvi, X. Lladó, and Y. Petillot. "Local map update for large scale SLAM." Electronics Letters 46, no. 8 (2010): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.2271.

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26

Xiao, Yi, Tinghua Ai, Min Yang, and Xiang Zhang. "A Multi-Scale Representation of Point-of-Interest (POI) Features in Indoor Map Visualization." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040239.

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As a result of the increasing popularity of indoor activities, many facilities and services are provided inside buildings; hence, there is a need to visualize points-of-interest (POIs) that can describe these indoor service facilities on indoor maps. Over the last few years, indoor mapping has been a rapidly developing area, with the emergence of many forms of indoor representation. In the design of indoor map applications, cartographical methodologies such as generalization and symbolization can make important contributions. In this study, a self-adaptive method is applied for the design of a multi-scale and personalized indoor map. Based on methods of map generalization and multi-scale representation, we adopt a scale-adaptive strategy to visualize the building structure and POI data on indoor maps. At smaller map scales, the general floor distribution and functional partitioning of each floor are represented, while the POI data are visualized by simple symbols. At larger map scales, the detailed room distribution is displayed, and the service information of the POIs is described by detailed symbols. Different strategies are used for the generalization of the background building structure and the foreground POI data to ensure that both can satisfy real-time performance requirements. In addition, for better personalization, different POI data, symbols or color schemes are shown to users in different age groups, with different genders or with different purposes for using the map. Because this indoor map is adaptive to both the scale and the user, each map scale can provide different map users with decision support from different perspectives.
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27

Xiao, Z., B. Yang, and H. Zhang. "Rule-base Generalization Method on Large-Scale Topographic Map." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4 (April 23, 2014): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-305-2014.

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Map generalization is a procedure involving much intellective reasoning action, with very wide domain. It is also a difficult problem in the field of cartography in the world. This paper makes a study on the interactive and rulebased digital generalization, and a map generalization environment for large scale topographic map is designed and realized. A number of tests have proved that map generalization can be successfully and interactively done with the cooperation of human and computer if the procedures of map generalization are wisely decomposed. Compared with the traditional manual method, this map generalization can shorten the working time to 1/4 or even. Besides, the work will become less intensive with higher precision.
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28

Pfeifer, Susanne P. "A Fine-Scale Genetic Map for Vervet Monkeys." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 1855–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa079.

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Abstract Despite its important biological role, the evolution of recombination rates remains relatively poorly characterized. This owes, in part, to the lack of high-quality genomic resources to address this question across diverse species. Humans and our closest evolutionary relatives, anthropoid apes, have remained a major focus of large-scale sequencing efforts, and thus recombination rate variation has been comparatively well studied in this group—with earlier work revealing a conservation at the broad- but not the fine-scale. However, in order to better understand the nature of this variation, and the time scales on which substantial modifications occur, it is necessary to take a broader phylogenetic perspective. I here present the first fine-scale genetic map for vervet monkeys based on whole-genome population genetic data from ten individuals and perform a series of comparative analyses with the great apes. The results reveal a number of striking features. First, owing to strong positive correlations with diversity and weak negative correlations with divergence, analyses suggest a dominant role for purifying and background selection in shaping patterns of variation in this species. Second, results support a generally reduced broad-scale recombination rate compared with the great apes, as well as a narrower fraction of the genome in which the majority of recombination events are observed to occur. Taken together, this data set highlights the great necessity of future research to identify genomic features and quantify evolutionary processes that are driving these rate changes across primates.
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29

Yan, Haowen. "Quantitative relations between spatial similarity degree and map scale change of individual linear objects in multi-scale map spaces." Geocarto International 30, no. 4 (May 12, 2014): 472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2014.902115.

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30

Tanaka, Kanji, and Kensuke Kondo. "Multi-Scale Bag-of-Features for Scalable Map Retrieval." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 16, no. 7 (November 20, 2012): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0793.

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Retrieving a large collection of environment maps built by mapper robots is a key problem in mobile robot self-localization. The map retrieval problem is studied from the novel perspective of the multi-scale Bag-Of-Features (BOF) approach in this paper. In general, the multi-scale approach is advantageous in capturing both the global structure and the local details of a given map. BOF map retrieval is advantageous in its compact map representation as well as the efficient map retrieval using an inverted file system. The main contribution of this paper is combining the advantages of both approaches. Our approach is based on multi cue BOF as well as packing BOF, and achieves the efficiency and compactness of the map retrieval system. Experiments evaluate the effectiveness of the techniques presented using a large collection of environment maps.
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31

Dumont, Marion, Guillaume Touya, and Cécile Duchêne. "Alternative transitions between existing representations in multi-scale maps." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-33-2018.

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Map users may have issues to achieve multi-scale navigation tasks, as cartographic objects may have various representations across scales. We assume that adding intermediate representations could be one way to reduce the differences between existing representations, and to ease the transitions across scales. We consider an existing multiscale map on the scale range from 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;25k to 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;100k scales. Based on hypotheses about intermediate representations design, we build custom multi-scale maps with alternative transitions. We will conduct in a next future a user evaluation to compare the efficiency of these alternative maps for multi-scale navigation. This paper discusses the hypotheses and production process of these alternative maps.
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32

Raveu, N., G. Prigent, O. Pigaglio, and H. Baudrand. "Different spectral scale level in the wave concept iterative procedure to solve multi-scale problems." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 4, no. 9 (2010): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2008.0416.

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33

Helali, H., J. L. Awange, and E. Omidi. "Using Areal-Scale as Opposed to the Linear-Scale for Map Applications." Survey Review 42, no. 318 (September 5, 2010): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/003962610x12747001420627.

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34

Menkovic, Ljubomir. "Detailed geomorphological map sheet Bela Palanka at scale 1:100,000." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 91, no. 2 (2011): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1102001m.

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The Geomorphological Map Sheet Bela Palanka is a graphical representation of landforms in the area covered by the Topographical Map Sheet Bela Palanka at scale 1:100,000. The map is published in 2008 by the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA) and the SASA Geodynamics Board. It is the first detailed geomorphological map edited in Serbia. This paper presents the methods used in preparing the geomorphological map, the contents and the mode of data presentation, geologic structure, genetic types of landforms and the subtypes, and the geomorphological history since the Neogene.
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35

Liu, Yuanyuan, Wenbin Wang, Fang Fang, Lin Zhou, Chenxing Sun, Ying Zheng, and Zhanlong Chen. "CscGAN: Conditional Scale-Consistent Generation Network for Multi-Level Remote Sensing Image to Map Translation." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101936.

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Automatic remote sensing (RS) image to map translation is a crucial technology for intelligent tile map generation. Although existing methods based on a generative network (GAN) generated unannotated maps at a single level, they have limited capacity in handling multi-resolution map generation at different levels. To address the problem, we proposed a novel conditional scale-consistent generation network (CscGAN) to simultaneously generate multi-level tile maps from multi-scale RS images, using only a single and unified model. Specifically, the CscGAN first uses the level labels and map annotations as prior conditions to guide hierarchical feature learning with different scales. Then, a multi-scale discriminator and two multi-scale generators are introduced to describe both high-resolution and low-resolution representations, aiming to improve the similarity of generated maps and thus produce high-quality multi-level tile maps. Meanwhile, a level classifier is designed for further exploring the characteristics of tile maps at different levels. Moreover, the CscGAN is optimized by jointly multi-scale adversarial loss, level classification loss, and scale-consistent loss in an end-to-end manner. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets and study areas demonstrate that the CscGAN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in multi-level map translation, with great robustness and efficiency.
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36

Moeller, Stine Bjerrum. "The Metacognitive Anger Processing (MAP) Scale: Preliminary Testing." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 44, no. 4 (June 25, 2015): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465815000272.

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Background: Few studies have explored the metacognitive components of anger, and at present there is no metacognitive framework on anger incorporating both positive and negative beliefs about anger and distinct maladaptive processing routines, such as rumination. Aims: The aim of the present preliminary studies was to apply a metacognitive framework to anger and put forward a new anger self-report scale, the Metacognitive Anger Processing (MAP) scale, intended as a supplement to existing measures of anger disposition and to enhance anger treatment targets. Method: The new measure was tested in a nonclinical and a clinical sample together with measures of anger and metacognition to establish factor structure, reliability, concurrent, and convergent validity. Results: The MAP showed a reliable factor structure with three factors - Positive Beliefs about anger, Negative Beliefs about anger, and Rumination; good internal reliability, and test-retest reliability. The subscales showed positive correlations with anger and the pattern of correlation with the general metacognitive measure supported the idea that the MAP represents dimensions of metacognition as it relates to anger. Conclusions: The present data indicate that positive as well as negative beliefs are involved in the tendency to ruminate about angry emotions. Clinical interventions may benefit from an exploration of the patient´s experience of anger, as structured by the MAP's factors and their interrelationships. The psychometric properties of the MAP should be further investigated in clinical samples using larger test batteries and objective measures of aggression.
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37

Xiao, Xiangye, Qiong Luo, Zhisheng Li, Xing Xie, and Wei-Ying Ma. "A large-scale study on map search logs." ACM Transactions on the Web 4, no. 3 (July 2010): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1806916.1806917.

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38

Lin, J., and R. Cromley. "Inferring Spatial Scale Change in an Isopleth Map." Cartographic Journal 54, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743277414y.0000000090.

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39

Xu, Jian, and Xiao Fan Wang. "Cascading failures in scale-free coupled map lattices." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 349, no. 3-4 (April 2005): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2004.10.030.

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40

Xiao-Ming, Liang, Lü Hua-Ping, and Liu Zong-Hua. "Self-Organization in Coupled Map Scale-Free Networks." Chinese Physics Letters 25, no. 2 (February 2008): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/25/2/016.

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41

Lockerman, Yitzchak David, Basile Sauvage, Rémi Allègre, Jean-Michel Dischler, Julie Dorsey, and Holly Rushmeier. "Multi-scale label-map extraction for texture synthesis." ACM Transactions on Graphics 35, no. 4 (July 11, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2897824.2925964.

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42

Quintian, Hector, and Emilio Corchado. "A Novel Ensemble Beta-Scale Invariant Map Algorithm." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 108857–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3001690.

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43

Branca, Stefano. "Geological map of Etna volcano, 1:50,000 scale." Italian Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 130, n. 3 (December 1, 2011): 265–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2011.15.

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44

Fang Wu, Yaojiang Zhang, Zaw Zaw Oo, and Erping Li. "Parallel multilevel fast multipole method for solving large-scale problems." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 47, no. 4 (August 2005): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2005.1589896.

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45

Hong Hanh, Nguyen Thi. "POSSIBILITY AND CONSTRAINT PARAMETERS FOR AUTOMATED GENERALIZATION OF MULTI – SCALE BASE MAPS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 4B (March 22, 2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/4b/12036.

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Map generalization plays an important role in map-making process. Map generalization depends on many factors such as purpose, geographic scope, thematic, map scale… and therefore it remains one of the challenging issues in Cartography. This paper discusses the constraint parameters and process of cartographic generalization from map data at 1:2000 to map data at smaller scale such as 1:5.000, 1:10.000, 1:25.000, 1:50.000 and 1:100.000. These constraint parameters are indentified by applying cartographic principles and using experimental procedures with generalization toolset in ArcGIS 10. Defined constraint parameters are then put in cartographic generalization for base maps of Ho Chi Minh City in order to verify their rationalities.Research result shows that, using right parameters and GIS cartographic generalization tools could provide good way to generalize and create base map products fast, efficient and reasonable. It also provides useful information for further research in automated map generalization and in creating multi-scale, multi-purpose map database.
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46

Feng, Y., C. Yang, and M. Sester. "MULTI-SCALE BUILDING MAPS FROM AERIAL IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-41-2020.

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Abstract. Nowadays, the extraction of buildings from aerial imagery is mainly done through deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). Buildings are predicted as binary pixel masks and then regularized to polygons. Restricted by nearby occlusions (such as trees), building eaves, and sometimes imperfect imagery data, these results can hardly be used to generate detailed building footprints comparable to authoritative data. Therefore, most products can only be used for mapping at smaller map scale. The level of detail that should be retained is normally determined by the scale parameter in the regularization algorithm. However, this scale information has been already defined in cartography. From existing maps of different scales, neural network can be used to learn such scale information implicitly. The network can perform generalization directly on the mask output and generate multi-scale building maps at once.In this work, a pipeline method is proposed, which can generate multi-scale building maps from aerial imagery directly. We used a land cover classification model to provide the building blobs. With the models pre-trained for cartographic building generalization, blobs were generalized to three target map scales, 1:10,000, 1:15,000, and 1:25,000. After post-processing with vectorization and regularization, multi-scale building maps were generated and then compared with existing authoritative building data qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, change detection was performed and suggestions for unmapped buildings could be provided at a desired map scale.
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47

Lapon, Lieselot, Kristien Ooms, and Philippe De Maeyer. "The Influence of Map Projections on People’s Global-Scale Cognitive Map: A Worldwide Study." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040196.

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Map projections are required to represent the globe on a flat surface, which always results in distorted representations of the globe. Accordingly, the world maps we observe in daily life contexts, such as on news sites, in news bulletins, on social media, in educational textbooks or atlases, are distorted images of the world. The question raises if regular contact with those representations of the world deforms people’s global-scale cognitive map. To analyze people’s global-scale cognitive map and if it is influenced by map projections, a short playful test was developed that allowed participants to estimate the real land area of certain regions, countries, and continents. More than 130,000 people worldwide participated. This worldwide dataset was used to perform statistical analyses in order to obtain information on the extent that map projections influence the accuracy of people’s global-scale cognitive map. The results indicate that the accuracy differs with the map projection but not to the extent that one’s global-scale cognitive map is a reflection of a particular map projection.
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48

Cibulka, Dušan. "Performance Testing of Web Map Services tn three Dimensions – X, Y, Scale." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2013-0005.

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Abstract The paper deals with the performance testing of web mapping services. The paper describes map service tests in which it is possible to determine the performance characteristics of a map service, depending on the location and scale of the map. The implementation of the test is tailored to the Web Map Service specifications provided by the Open Geospatial Consortium. The practical experiment consists of testing the map composition acquired from OpenStreetMap data for the area of southwestern Slovakia. These tests permit checking the performance of services in different positions, verifying the configuration of services, the composition of a map, and the visualization of geodata. The task of this paper is to also highlight the fact that it is not sufficient to only interpret a map service performance with conventional indicators. A map service’s performance should be linked to information about the map’s scale and location.
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49

Peng, Qian, Zhilin Li, Jun Chen, and Wanzeng Liu. "Complexity-based matching between image resolution and map scale for multiscale image-map generation." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 35, no. 10 (April 12, 2021): 1951–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2021.1885674.

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50

Park, Jong Woo, Jinse Kim, Seok Ho Park, Dong Soo Choi, Seung Ryul Choi, Yong Hoon Kim, Soo Jang Lee, Chun Wan Park, and Jung Soo Lee. "Development of pallet-scale modified atmosphere packaging for ‘Tabor’tomatoes." Korean Journal of Food Preservation 23, no. 5 (October 2016): 614–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.5.614.

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