Relevant bibliographies by topics / Map scale

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Map scale'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Map scale"

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Quintián, Héctor, and Emilio Corchado. "Beta Scale Invariant Map." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 59 (March 2017): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2017.01.002.

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Baruque, Bruno, and Emilio Corchado. "WeVoS scale invariant map." Information Sciences 280 (October 2014): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2014.05.005.

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Fyfe, Colin. "A scale-invariant feature map." Network: Computation in Neural Systems 7, no. 2 (January 1996): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-898x_7_2_006.

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Fyfe, Colin. "A scale-invariant feature map." Network: Computation in Neural Systems 7, no. 2 (May 1996): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-898x/7/2/006.

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Sissakian, Varoujan K., and Saffa F. Fouad. "Geological map of Sulaimaniyah quadrangle, at scale of 1: 250 000." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A GeoKurdistan II, Special issue (April 1, 2016): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10477.

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Schobbenhaus, Carlos. "The GIS underpinned Geological Map of Brazil, 1:1 million scale." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 158, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2007/0158-0003.

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Elvebakk, Arve. "A vegetation map of Svalbard on the scale 1:3.5 mill." Phytocoenologia 35, no. 4 (December 13, 2005): 951–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2005/0035-0951.

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Cheng, Y., Y. Yin, C. M. Li, W. Wu, P. P. Guo, X. L. Ma, and F. M. Hu. "A MODEL STUDY OF SMALL-SCALE WORLD MAP GENERALIZATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-223-2018.

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With the globalization and rapid development every filed is taking an increasing interest in physical geography and human economics. There is a surging demand for small scale world map in large formats all over the world. Further study of automated mapping technology, especially the realization of small scale production on a large scale global map, is the key of the cartographic field need to solve. In light of this, this paper adopts the improved model (with the map and data separated) in the field of the mapmaking generalization, which can separate geographic data from mapping data from maps, mainly including cross-platform symbols and automatic map-making knowledge engine. With respect to the cross-platform symbol library, the symbol and the physical symbol in the geographic information are configured at all scale levels. With respect to automatic map-making knowledge engine consists 97 types, 1086 subtypes, 21845 basic algorithm and over 2500 relevant functional modules.In order to evaluate the accuracy and visual effect of our model towards topographic maps and thematic maps, we take the world map generalization in small scale as an example. After mapping generalization process, combining and simplifying the scattered islands make the map more explicit at 1 : 2.1 billion scale, and the map features more complete and accurate. Not only it enhance the map generalization of various scales significantly, but achieve the integration among map-makings of various scales, suggesting that this model provide a reference in cartographic generalization for various scales.
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Hudson, Berman D., and James R. Culver. "Map Scale in the Soil Survey." Soil Horizons 35, no. 2 (1994): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sh1994.2.0036.

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Tobler, W. "Spherical Quadrilateral to Map Scale Conversion." American Cartographer 16, no. 1 (January 1989): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304089783875640.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Map scale"

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Eldridge, Simon Michael, and n/a. "The impact of the scale of mapping on soil map quality." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060707.102807.

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It is generally assumed that increased map precision (ie map unit homogeneity) and map purity (map unit accuracy) should result from increasing the scale of mapping of the soil resource, since it should enable a more intricate breakdown of the landscape into landform facet based units. This study compared the predictive success of a 1:1 OK scale soil association map with the 1:25K and 1:1OOK scale soil landscape maps within the Birrigai area of the Paddy's river catchment, south west of Canberra, A.C.T. The 1:25K and the 1:100K scale soil landscape maps were also evaluated in a second larger evaluation area in the Paddy's river catchment which allowed more of the larger soil landscape map units to be evaluated. The 1:25K scale soil map was produced by another author for the A.C.T Government, and was surveyed at a substantially lower survey intensity than that for the 1:100K and 1:10K scale soil maps (ie only 0.05 observation sites / cm2 of published map). These maps were evaluated using a set of randomly located independent evaluation sites in each evaluation area, and from these calculating and comparing standard Marsman & de Gruijter(1986) measures of Map Purity. The strength of soil-landscape relationships within this catchment were determined from a Fixed One Way Analysis of Variance, and from more simplistic graphical comparisons of the means and standard deviations of the discrete soil data within these landform based map units. Soil-landscape relationships for the Nominal scale soil data (ie class type data) were evaluated by comparing the Marsman & de Gruijter(1986) Homogeneity index ratings among the soil map units. Intensive survey traverses were also carried out in selected soil landscapes to further evaluate the strength of soil landscapes present. The results revealed obvious improvements in map quality associated with increasing map scale from 1:100,000 to 1:10,000, and these included increases in the predictive success (Map Purity), reductions in the extent of map unit impurities, and planning advantages associated with having individual land facets delineated on the 1:10,000 scale map. The respectable purity ratings achieved by the 1:100,000 scale soil landscape map (ie average purity rating of 63%) was largely attributed to the flexibility of the "soil material" approach to soil landscape mapping. The relatively poor performance of the 1:25K consultancy soil landscape map demonstrated the fact that; any benefit gained from the improved intricacy in the representation of map unit delineation's with increased mapping scale, will be drastically reduced if it is not matched by an associated increase in the intensity of field investigations. Evaluations of the soil-landscape relationships found that the land facets of the Paddy's river catchment generally failed to delineate areas that were both uniform and unique in respect of their soil properties. Soil-landscape relationships were instead found to be quite complex, applying to only certain land facets, and in regards to only certain soil properties. Soil maps with units based on landsurface features were recommended on the basis of the importance of other landscape factors other than soils to land capability ratings, as well as on the useability of such maps. This study recommended the adoption of a " >2 detailed soil profile observations / land facet in each map unit " mapping standard to ensure a reasonable estimate of the variability and modal soil conditions present, as well as a reliable confirmation of the perceived soil-landscape relationships. The error usually associated with small scale mapping was effectively reduced by rapid ground truthing, involving driving along the major roads dissecting the map area and making brief observations of soil exposures on road batters, despite the bias of the road network making such mapping improvements uneven across the map. The major point to come from this study was the re-emphasising of the point that soil spatial variability has to be accepted as a "real landscape attribute" which needs to be accurately described and communicated to land users, and must not be considered as some sort of soil mapping failure. The fact that individual facets of the landscape rarely coincide with unique pockets of uniform and unique soils and soil properties must be considered simply an on the ground reality of nature, and not some mapping failure. It was thought that since other landscape factors (eg hillslope gradient) most often dominate the determination of land use suitability and capability, it is better to effectively describe the range and modal state of the soil conditions within such facets, then to attempt to extrapolate possible soil boundaries using geostatistical techniques which cut across such land facets, and may or may not correlate with real groupings of soil properties, depending on the spatial resolution of the soil variability distribution in the landscape. Even so the results of this investigation do put the validity of the physiographic terrain class mapping model as a predictor of soil traits under question, at least for the more complex landscape settings.
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Miller, Scott N., D. Phillip Guertin, and Lainie R. Levick. "Influences of Map Scale on Drainage Network Representation." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296536.

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Jones, Eagle Sunrise. "Large scale visual navigation and community map building." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1905636871&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Forrest, David. "The application of expert systems to small scale map design." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284711.

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Al-Bairmani, Sukaina. "Synthetic turbulence based on the multi-scale turnover Lagrangian map." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19080/.

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Synthetic turbulence refers to stochastic fields having characteristics of real hydro- dynamic turbulent flows, which has been useful in the modelling and simulation of turbulence, and for further understanding fundamental properties of turbulent motion. Synthetic turbulence aims to construct the field variables (such as velocity distributions) by simpler processes to reproduce characteristic features of turbulent fluctuations with a reduced computational cost in comparison with a formal numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. A new approach of synthetic turbulence has been recently proposed, which showed that realistic synthetic isotropic turbulent fields could be generated using the Multi-scale turnover Lagrangian map (MTLM). The initial focus of this thesis is on studying the MTLM synthetic fields using the filtering approach. This approach, which has not been pursued so far, sheds new light on the potential applications of the synthetic fields in large eddy simulations and subgrid-scale (SGS) modelling. Our investigation includes SGS stresses, and SGS dissipations and related statistics, SGS scalar variance, and its relations with other quantities (such as the filtered molecular scalar dissipation). It is well-known that, even if a synthetic field had reproduced faithfully the multi-fractal statistics, it may not be able to produce the energy flux across the energy spectrum. Therefore, from the LES and/or SGS modelling perspective, many questions remain unclear, such as the PDF of the SGS dissipation, the amount of back-scattering, among others. They are addressed in this work. It demonstrates that using the MTLM is able to build a synthetic SGS model with a number of good features which many current SGS models (including those for the scalar flux) do not have. We also show that it has advantages in representing the filtered molecular scalar dissipation. In addition, we generalize the formulation of MTLM to include the effects of a mean scalar gradient on the scalar field. Our numerical tests provide the necessary proof that the effects of the mean gradient can be captured by MTLM. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of the input spectra on the statistics of the MTLM fields. We study the effects of the shape of the spectra by using truncated spectra and a model spectra (the Kovasznay spectra) as the input. The additional case, and the additional quantities we examine, have shedded light on how to apply the MTLM technique in simulations, as well as the robustness of the technique. The Constrained MTLM is a new technique generalizing the MTLM procedure to generate anisotropic synthetic turbulence in order to model inhomogeneous turbu- lence by using the adjoint formulation. Li and Rosales [107] derived the optimality system corresponding to the MTLM map and applied this method to synthesize two Kolmogorov flows. In this thesis, we derive a new optimality system to generate anisotropic synthetic turbulence according to the CMTLM approach in order to include the effects of solid wall boundaries, which were not taken into account in the last study. We consider the difference introduced by the solid wall, under the impermeable boundary conditions, where the normal components velocity field are zero, while the tangent components may be non-zero. To accomplish this task, we have modified the CMTLM procedure to generate a reflectionally symmetric synthetic field which serves as a model of the velocity field in a fully developed channel flow. That the MTLM procedure preserves the reflectional symmetries is proved, the adjoint optimality system with reflectional symmetry are derived. We aim to obtain accurate turbulent statistics, and compare our results with computed and experimental results. CMTLM procedure formulates MTLM procedure as an optimization problem with the initial Gaussian random field as the control and some known velocity field as the target. Thus, with the purpose to quantify the contributions of the adjoint operator in the modelling process, the effects of the control variable on the cost function gradient and the corresponding adjoint field is examined. Contours of the mean of the gradients of the cost functions and adjoint fields for three cases with data taken from synthetics CMTLM Kolmogorov flows and from CMTLM synthetics velocity field generated with DNS data as the target are computed. Finally, in order to define a new SGS model to simulate interactions between different length scales in turbulence, we will combine DNS data with Constrained MTLM method. Three data sets are truncated from DNS data with different degrees of resolution, filtered with the cutoff filter with large filter scale, which are then used as target fields to synthesize three CMTLM fields. The CMTLM fields are merged with these target fields. Data from the merged fields are used to predict the SGS quantities, and are compared with exact SGS quantities which have been computed from DNS field. In addition, the statistical geometry between the SGS and filtered quantities for real and predicted data are also investigated.
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Li, Fang. "An automated generalized system for large scale topographic maps." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387080.

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Anand, Suchith. "Automatic derivation of schematic maps from large scale digital geographic datasets for mobile GIS." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2006. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/automatic-derivation-of-schematic-maps-from-large-scale-digital-geographic-datasets-for-mobile-gis(653b12bb-7e0c-41a9-aada-e8cf361064a3).html.

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"Mapping is a way of visualizing parts of the world and maps are largely diagrammatic and two dimensional. There is usually a one-to-one correspondence between places in the world and places on the map, but while there are limitless aspects to the world, the cartographer can only select a few to map" Daniel Dorling, 1996 Map generalization is the process by which small scale maps are derived from large scale maps. This requires the application of operations such as simplification, selection, displacement and amalgamation to map features subsequent to scale reduction. The work is concerned with the problem of effective rendering of large scale datasets on small display devices by developing appropriate map generalization techniques for generating schematic maps. With the advent of high-end miniature technology and large scale digital geographic data products it is essential to devise proper methodologies and techniques for the automated generation of schematic maps specifically tailored for mobile GIS applications. Schematic maps are diagrammatic representation based on linear abstractions of networks. Transportation networks are the key candidates for applying schematization to help ease the interpretation of information by the process of cartographic abstraction. This study looks at how simulated annealing optimisation technique can be successfully applied for automated generation of schematic maps from large scale digital geographic datasets tailored specifically for mobile GIS applications. The software developed makes use of a simulated annealing based schematic map generator algorithm to generate route maps from OSCAR® dataset corresponding to a series of user defined start and end points. The generated schematic route maps are displayed and tested on mobile handheld devices shows promising results for mobile GIS applications. This work concentrates on the automatic generation of schematic maps, which, in the context of mobile mapping, are seen as being a particularly useful means of displaying routes for way finding type and utility network applications.
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Gong, Nan. "Using Map-Reduce for Large Scale Analysis of Graph-Based Data." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102822.

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As social networks have gained in popularity, maintaining and processing the social network graph information using graph algorithms has become an essential source for discovering potential features of the graph. The escalating size of the social networks has made it impossible to process the huge graphs on a single ma chine in a “real-time” level of execution. This thesis is looking into representing and distributing graph-based algorithms using Map-Reduce model. Graph-based algorithms are discussed in the beginning. Then, several distributed graph computing infrastructures are reviewed, followed by Map-Reduce introduction and some graph computation toolkits based on Map-Reduce model. By reviewing the background and related work, graph-based algorithms are categorized, and adaptation of graph-based algorithms to Map-Reduce model is discussed. Two particular algorithms, MCL and DBSCAN are chosen to be designed using Map- Reduce model, and implemented using Hadoop. New matrix multiplication method is proposed while designing MCL. The DBSCAN is reformulated into connectivity problem using filter method, and Kingdom Expansion Game is proposed to do fast expansion. Scalability and performance of these new designs are evaluated. Conclusion is made according to the literature study, practical design experience and evaluation data. Some suggestions of graph-based algorithms design using Map-Reduce model are also given in the end.
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Hopfstock, Anja. "A User-Oriented Map Design in the SDI Environment: Using the Example of a European Reference Map at Medium Scale." Doctoral thesis, Verlag des Bundesamtes für Kartographie und Geodäsie, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25665.

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The ever increasing demand of our information society for reliable Geographic Information (GI) is the moving power for the development and maintenance of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). Consequently, an SDI works to full benefit of its users if the SDI data collection is accessible and can be efficiently used by all users in spatial problem solving and decision-making. Current development and use of SDI focuses on handling geospatial data entirely by means of information technology. Thereby, low awareness seems to be paid to a user-friendly and understandable presentation of geospatial data. Based on the understanding that GI is the result of human geospatial information processing, it is argued that cartography is essential in the SDI context in order to achieve the objectives of SDI. Specifically, the thesis aimed at exploring the concept of user-oriented map design in relation to SDI and elaborating a methodology for creating effective cartographic representations for SDI relevant user types. First of all, the SDI concept, its objectives and principles are explored using the example of the current European SDI initiatives as to the human aspect of an SDI. Secondly, in order to determine the role and task of cartography in the SDI context, the conceptual framework of contemporary cartography is reviewed to provide the theoretical and technological framework for a user-oriented map design. Given this, the SDI environment is assessed in relation to cartography with respect to the services providing access to the SDI data collection. Further, an SDI map production framework is elaborated utilising Spiess’ concept of the graphic filter as a model for the transformation of SDI data into useful cartographic representations. Besides, the map design strategy by Grünreich provides the starting point for developing the process of map production. The main tasks are detailed and justified taking into consideration the semiotic-cognitive and action-related concepts underpinning contemporary cartography. The applied research encompasses a case study which is performed to implement and, thus, evaluate the proposed methodology. It starts from a use case scenario where an international spatial planning team requires getting familiar with the overall geographic characteristics of a European cross-border area. Following the process steps of user-oriented map design in the SDI environment, a map design specification is elaborated and implemented under real world conditions. The elaborated methodology for creating user-friendly and understandable cartographic representations of geospatial data in the SDI environment is based on theoretical and technological foundation of contemporary cartography. Map design in the SDI context, first of all, means to establish a graphic filter that determines the parameters and rules of the cartographic transformation process to be applied. As both an applied art and engineering the design of the graphic filter is a creative process developing a map design solution which enables SDI users to easily produce their map. It requires on the one hand an understanding of map use, map user and map use situation, and on the other hand insight into the data used as the source. The case study proves that the elaborated methodology is practicable and functional. Cartographic reverse engineering provides a systematic and pragmatic approach to the cartographic design task. This way, map design solutions can be built upon existing cartographic experience and common traditions as suggested by the INSPIRE recommendation for portrayal. The resulting design solution constitutes a prototype of a European Reference Map at medium scale built upon existing cartographic experience and common traditions. A user-friendly, understandable and comparable presentation of geospatial data in Europe would support the human and institutional potential for cross-border cooperation and collaboration. Besides that, the test implementation shows that tools are available which make it technically feasible and viable to produce a map from geospatial data in the SDI data collection. The research project raises awareness to the human aspect of SDI inherit in its objective to support end users to derive GI and knowledge from the geospatial data gathered in the SDI data collection. The role and task of cartography in the SDI context is to contribute to the initiation, creation, and maintenance of portrayal services to facilitate a comprehensive access to the underlying geospatial data by means of a user-friendly and understandable graphic interface. For cartography to take effect in the SDI development and use, cartographic design knowledge has to be made explicit and operational. It is the responsibility of cartographic professionals to prepare the map design. The wide range of map use contexts requires a great flexibility of design variants depending on the dimension of human-map interaction. Therefore, the design of the maps needs to be user-driven to enable an efficient map use in the user’s task. Besides their function as a graphic interface, maps facilitate a common understanding of the depicted geographic features and phenomena when sharing GI between SDI users. In other words, map design can be regarded a measure to establish interoperability of geospatial data beyond the technical level. The research work is in the scope of communication cartography, a research domain seeking to deepen the understanding of the role of cartographic expressions when understanding and communication of GI is involved.
Der wachsende Bedarf unserer Wissensgesellschaft an zuverlässigen Informationen über räumliche Strukturen und Sachverhalte ist die treibende Kraft bei Aufbau und Einsatz von Geodateninfrastrukturen (GDI). Eine Geodateninfrastruktur wirkt zum vollen Nutzen der Gesellschaft, wenn die Daten in der GDI zugänglich sind und effektiv für Erkenntnis- und Entscheidungsprozesse genutzt werden können. Die gegenwärtige Entwicklung von GDI setzt auf moderne Informationstechnologien bei der Geodatenverarbeitung. Dabei, wird einer bedarfsgerechten und nutzerfreundlichen Präsentation von Geodaten in ansprechender visueller Form wenig Aufmerksamkeit zuteil. Da Geoinformation erst durch die Interaktion des Nutzers mit den Geodaten entsteht, ist es Aufgabe der Kartographie, bedarfsgerechte Kartendarstellungen zu gestalten und an der Schnittstelle zwischen einer Geodateninfrastruktur und ihren Nutzern bereitzustellen. Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation ist es, eine Methodik für den Kartenherstellungsprozess in einer GDI-Umgebung zu entwickeln und beispielhaft zu erproben. Zunächst, werden Konzept, Ziele und Prinzipien von Geodateninfrastruktur beispielhaft anhand der Europäischen GDI-Initiativen dargestellt und hinsichtlich des Bedarfs an kartographischen Darstellungen untersucht. Danach wird, ausgehend von der Forderung nach verständlichen und gut interpretierbaren Geoinformationen, die Rolle der Kartographie im GDI-Kontext bestimmt. Dabei werden zunächst Funktion und Aufgaben der Kartographie sowie die tragenden Konzepte und Grundlagen einer nutzerorientierten Kartengestaltung dargelegt. Der Vergleich der bestehenden Geodatenzugangsdienste zur Funktion der Kartographie ergibt eine Lücke, die es zu schließen gilt, um den Nutzeranforderungen gerecht zu werden. Dazu wird der Gesamtprozess für die Herstellung von Karten im GDI-Kontext beschrieben. In diesem Prozess kommt dem Graphikfilter von Spiess (2003) besondere Bedeutung als Modell eines wissensbasierten Systems zur Aufstellung und Umsetzung von kartographischen Gestaltungsregeln zu. Den Ausgangspunkt für die Ausarbeitung der Teilprozesse bieten die von Grünreich (2008) vorgeschlagenen Teilaufgaben der Kartographie im Rahmen der GDI. Mittels eines Anwendungsfalls im Europäischen Kontext wird der vorgeschlagene Gesamtprozess erprobt. Dieses Beispiel geht davon aus, dass eine internationale Planungsgruppe im Zuge der Konzeption einer grenzüberschreitenden Verkehrsverbindung eine anschauliche Beschreibung der Landschaft in Form einer einheitlich gestalteten und flächendeckenden Karte benötigt. Durch Anwendung des kartographischen Reverse Engineering anerkannt gut gestalteter Karten werden die Vorgaben für die Kartengestaltung ermittelt. Einschließlich der Anwendung auf konkrete GDI-Daten wird der zuvor entwickelte Herstellungsprozess ausgeführt und diskutiert. Die entwickelte Methodik für den Kartenherstellungsprozess in der GDI-Umgebung basiert auf den semiotisch-kognitiven und handlungstheoretischen Konzepten der modernen Kartographie. Kartengestaltung im Kontext von Geodateninfrastrukturen bedeutet die Entwicklung eines Graphikfilters, der eine optimale bedarfsgerechte Visualisierung der Geodaten mittels nutzerspezifischer Parameter und Gestaltungsregeln ermöglicht. Wie das Fallbeispiel zeigt, ist es die durch die entwickelte Methodik möglich, brauchbare und nützliche Kartendarstellungen zu gestalten. Die Anwendung des kartographischen Reverse Engineering erlaubt es, Kartendarstellungen zu entwickeln, die - wie von INSPIRE empfohlen - bewährten kartographischen Erfahrungen und allgemeinen Traditionen entsprechen. Das Ergebnis des Anwendungsfalls ist ein Prototyp einer Europäischen Referenzkarte im Maßstab 1: 250,000. Die einheitliche und somit vergleichbare Darstellung über Grenzen hinweg unterstützt das Planungsteam in seiner Arbeit. Die praktische Umsetzung der Karte zeigt zudem, dass funktionsfähige Werkzeuge und Technologien für die regelbasierte Kartenherstellung aus GDI-Daten vorhanden sind. Die Dissertation trägt dazu bei, das Bewusstsein für den menschlichen Aspekt der Nutzung einer Geodateninfrastruktur zu schärfen. Der Beitrag der Kartographie zur Nutzung der Geodaten einer GDI besteht in der Initiierung, Gestaltung und Pflege von Darstellungsdiensten, da die Nutzbarkeit der Geodaten am besten gewährleistet ist, wenn die Gestaltungsmethoden der Kartographie angewendet werden. Dabei liegt es in der Verantwortung der Kartographen, die nutzerseitigen Aspekte dieser graphischen Schnittstelle unter Berücksichtigung der modernen kartographischen Konzepte zu betreuen. Gemäß INSPIRE-Richtlinie werden auf Karten gestützte Informationen bei zahlreichen Tätigkeiten verwendet. Für eine effektive visuelle Informationsverarbeitung durch den Nutzer ist daher eine nutzerorientierte Kartengestaltung in Abhängigkeit von der geplanten Interaktion (z.B. Kommunikation oder Analyse) unerlässlich. Neben der Funktion als Schnittstelle machen kartographische Darstellungen räumliche Strukturen verständlich. Daher ist die Kartenherstellung im GDI-Kontext eine Maßnahme, um Interoperabilität von Geodaten über die technische Ebene hinaus auf menschlicher Ebene zu ermöglichen. Die Relevanz dieser Forschungsarbeit liegt im Bereich der Kommunikationskartographie, die die Effektivität und Verbindlichkeit der Kommunikation über räumliche Strukturen und Sachverhalte zu vertiefen sucht.
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Bamford, Simeon A. "Synaptic rewiring in neuromorphic VLSI for topographic map formation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3997.

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A generalised model of biological topographic map development is presented which combines both weight plasticity and the formation and elimination of synapses (synaptic rewiring) as well as both activity-dependent and -independent processes. The question of whether an activity-dependent process can refine a mapping created by an activity-independent process is investigated using a statistical approach to analysingmapping quality. The model is then implemented in custom mixed-signal VLSI. Novel aspects of this implementation include: (1) a distributed and locally reprogrammable address-event receiver, with which large axonal fan-out does not reduce channel capacity; (2) an analogue current-mode circuit for Euclidean distance calculation which is suitable for operation across multiple chips; (3) slow probabilistic synaptic rewiring driven by (pseudo-)random noise; (4) the application of a very-low-current design technique to improving the stability of weights stored on capacitors; (5) exploiting transistor non-ideality to implement partially weightdependent spike-timing-dependent plasticity; (6) the use of the non-linear capacitance of MOSCAP devices to compensate for other non-linearities. The performance of the chip is characterised and it is shown that the fabricated chips are capable of implementing the model, resulting in biologically relevant behaviours such as activity-dependent reduction of the spatial variance of receptive fields. Complementing a fast synaptic weight change mechanism with a slow synapse rewiring mechanism is suggested as a method of increasing the stability of learned patterns.
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Books on the topic "Map scale"

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Geographers' A to Z Map Company. London super scale street map. 6th ed. Sevenoaks: Geographers' A-Z Map Co., 1989.

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Quinlan, Julia J. Scale and distance in maps. New York: PowerKids Press, 2012.

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3

United States Geological Survey. Large-scale mapping guidelines. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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United States Geological Survey. Large-scale mapping guidelines. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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Survey, United States Geological. Large-scale mapping guidelines. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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Survey, United States Geological. Large-scale mapping guidelines. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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Yan, Haowen, and Jonathan Li. Spatial Similarity Relations in Multi-scale Map Spaces. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09743-5.

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Snyder, John Parr. Map projections used for large-scale quadrangles by the U.S. Geological Survey. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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Snyder, John Parr. Map projections used for large-scale quadrangles by the U.S. Geological Survey. Denver, CO: Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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Map, Universal. Nebraska Map (Large Scale State Maps). Universal Map, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Map scale"

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Sakr, Sherif, and Anna Liu. "The Family of Map-Reduce." In Large-Scale Data Analytics, 1–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9242-9_1.

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Groshong, Richard H. "Elements of Map-Scale Structure." In 3-D Structural Geology, 1–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31055-6_1.

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Groshong, Richard H. "Elements of Map-Scale Structure." In 3-D Structural Geology, 1–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03912-0_1.

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Guo, Wang, Xiaojun Cheng, and Chaode Yan. "Variable Scale Method and Map Loading Evaluation of Mobile Map." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 315–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04028-8_21.

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Jánosi, Imre M. "Populational dynamics and coupled map lattices." In Scale Invariance, Interfaces, and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics, 203–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1421-7_8.

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Caselles, V., B. Coll, and J. M. Morel. "Scale space versus topographic map for natural images." In Scale-Space Theory in Computer Vision, 29–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63167-4_38.

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Ferber, Michael P., and Randolph Haluza-DeLay. "Scale-Jumping and Climate Change in the Geography of Religion." In The Changing World Religion Map, 203–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_10.

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Zhao, Shubin. "Multi-scale MAP Estimation of High-Resolution Images." In Advances in Image and Video Technology, 1059–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11949534_106.

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Yan, Haowen, and Jonathan Li. "Applications of Spatial Similarity Relations in Map Generalization." In Spatial Similarity Relations in Multi-scale Map Spaces, 157–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09743-5_6.

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Yan, Haowen, and Jonathan Li. "Concepts of Spatial Similarity Relations in Multiscale Map Spaces." In Spatial Similarity Relations in Multi-scale Map Spaces, 45–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09743-5_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Map scale"

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Ramakrishnan, Raghu. "Scale-out Beyond Map-Reduce." In 2015 IEEE 22nd International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hipc.2015.59.

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Ramakrishnan, Raghu, and Team Members CISL. "Scale-out beyond map-reduce." In KDD' 13: The 19th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2487575.2492151.

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Isar, A., D. Isar, S. Moga, J. M. Augustin, and X. Lurton. "Multi-scale MAP despeckling of sonar images." In Oceans 2005 - Europe. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2005.1513246.

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Isar, Dorina, Alexandru Isar, and Andre Quinquis. "Multi-scale MAP Denoising of SAR Images." In OCEANS 2006. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2006.306985.

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Adhikarla, Vamsi Kiran, Pawel Wozniak, Attila Barsi, Dave Singhal, Peter Tamas Kovacs, and Tibor Balogh. "Freehand interaction with large-scale 3D map data." In 2014 3DTV-Conference: The True Vision - Capture, Transmission and Display of 3D Video (3DTV-CON 2014). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3dtv.2014.6874711.

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Yan, Qiong, Xiaoyong Shen, Li Xu, Shaojie Zhuo, Xiaopeng Zhang, Liang Shen, and Jiaya Jia. "Cross-Field Joint Image Restoration via Scale Map." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2013.194.

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Li, Yang, Qixing Huang, Michael Kerber, Lin Zhang, and Leonidas Guibas. "Large-scale joint map matching of GPS traces." In SIGSPATIAL'13: 21st SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2525314.2525333.

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Zeidan, Ayman, Eemil Lagerspetz, Kai Zhao, Petteri Nurmi, Sasu Tarkoma, and Huy T. Vo. "GeoMatch: Efficient Large-Scale Map Matching on Apache Spark." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2018.8622488.

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Yang, Hui-Kuo. "Learning Topic Map from Large Scale Social Media Data." In WWW '20: The Web Conference 2020. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3366424.3382088.

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Joo, Hanbyul, Hyun Soo Park, and Yaser Sheikh. "MAP Visibility Estimation for Large-Scale Dynamic 3D Reconstruction." In 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2014.147.

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Reports on the topic "Map scale"

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Nelson, Mark D., Greg C. Liknes, and Brett J. Butler. Map of forest ownership in the conterminous United States. [Scale 1:7,500,000]. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rmap-2.

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Troost, K. G., and D. B. Booth. Cost of 1:12,000-scale geologic map; $500,000: cost of 3D data, priceless. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/221901.

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Bryan, Elizabeth, Fitsum Hagos, Dawit Kelemework Mekonnen, Demie Abera Gemeda, and Sein Yimam. The diffusion of small-scale irrigation technologies in Ethiopia: Stakeholder analysis using Net-Map. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133847.

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Nokleberg, W. J., J. N. Aleinikoff, G. C. Bond, O. J. Ferrians, P. L. Herzon, I. M. Lange, R. T. Miyaoka, et al. Geologic maps of the eastern Alaska Range, Alaska (44 quadrangles, 1:63,360 scale), with descriptions and interpretations of map units. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/29444.

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Alevizos, E., T. Schoenning, K. Köser, M. Snellen, and J. Greinert. Merging AUV-based multibeam and image data to map the small-scale heterogeneity of Mn-nodule distribution. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305404.

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Mukerji, Sudip. Turbulence computations with 3-D small-scale additive turbulent decomposition and data-fitting using chaotic map combinations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/666048.

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McMartin, I., J. E. Campbell, L. A. Dredge, and L. Robertson. A digital compilation of ice-flow indicators for central Manitoba and Saskatchewan: datasets, digital scalable maps and 1:500 000 scale generalized map. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/261695.

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Prampolini, M., F. Foglini, L. Angeletti, E. Campiani, V. Grande, and A. Mercorella. How to homogeneously map adjacent backscatter datasets at regional scale - a case study from the southern Adriatic Sea (Italy). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305913.

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Harrison, J. C. Figure 5. Map-scale structural features of northeastern Ellesmere Island, including stereonet plots of selected linear and planar elements. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/226522.

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Harrison, J. C. Figure 5. Map-scale structural features of northeastern Ellesmere Island, including stereonet plots of selected linear and planar elements. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/289657.

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