To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Map labelling.
Journal articles on the topic 'Map labelling'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Map labelling.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Hong, Fan, Zhang Zuxun, and Zhang Jianqing. "On automatic map labelling." Geo-spatial Information Science 5, no. 4 (January 2002): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02826479.
Full text
2
Zhang, Qing-nian, and Lars Harrie. "Real-time map labelling for mobile applications." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 30, no. 6 (November 2006): 773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2006.02.004.
Full text
3
Pokonieczny, Krzysztof, and Sylwia Borkowska. "Using artificial neural network for labelling polygon features in topographic maps." GeoScape 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The purpose of this article was to present the methodology which enables automatic map labelling. This topic is particularly important in the context of the ongoing research into the full automation of visualization process of spatial data stored in the currently used topographic databases (e.g. OpenStreetMap, Vector Map Level 2, etc.). To carry out this task, the artificial neural network (multilayer perceptron) was used. The Vector Map Level 2 was used as a test database. The data for neural network learning (the reference label localization) was obtained from the military topographic map at scale 1 : 50 000. In the article, the method of applying artificial neural networks to the map labelling is presented. Detailed research was carried out on the basis of labels from the feature class “built-up area”. The results of the analyses revealed that it is possible to use the artificial intelligence computational methods to automate the process of placing labels on maps. The results showed that 65% of the labels were put on the topographic map in the same place as in the case of the labelling which was done manually by a cartographer. The obtained results can contribute both to the enhancement of the quality of cartographic visualization (e.g. in geoportals) and the partial elimination of the human factor in this process. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Map label placement is among key variables ensuring the usability of topographic maps across disciplines. • We present the neural network approach for automating the process of labelling topographic maps with locality names. • The presented case study applies to the military map in scale 1:50 000, but can be applied on other maps and geoportals.
4
Yan, Jin Jiang, Zheng Zeng, and De Shan Liu. "A Research of Earthquake Marking System Based on 2D GIS with ArcGIS." Advanced Materials Research 902 (February 2014): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.902.405.
Full textAbstract:
Taking ArcEngine as the 2D map symbols marking systems development tool, this study designs a 2D GIS marking desktop application system byusing Ortho vector map as its basic map, and implements such functions as map navigation operation, labelling major targets of earthquake-stricken areas, animation deduction of emergency rescue solutions, and exporting emergency rescue plans, etc.
5
Anderson, N. G., P. Li, L. A. Marsden, N. Williams, T. M. Roberts, and T. W. Sturgill. "Raf-1 is a potential substrate for mitogen-activated protein kinase in vivo." Biochemical Journal 277, no. 2 (July 15, 1991): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2770573.
Full textAbstract:
MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase is shown to phosphorylate baculovirally expressed Raf-1 in vitro, generating one major tryptic phosphopeptide which co-migrated with a peptide from Raf-1 32P-labelled in situ. This peptide also undergoes an insulin-dependent increase in labelling. Thus the serine/threonine kinase Raf-1 may be a substrate for MAP kinase in vivo.
6
Robinson, Ralph W., and Gregory W. Erdos. "Immuno-electron microscopic identification of Methanosarcina spp. in anaerobic digester fluid." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-156.
Full textAbstract:
Whole cell antibodies against Methanosarcina mazei strain S6 were used with protein A – colloidal gold to identify bacteria in thin sections of samples from anaerobic methane producing digesters. It was possible to identify bacteria at the genus level and to show relatedness at the species and strain levels. Heavy labelling was observed on thin sections of the immunogenic strain S6. Lighter labelling was observed with pure cultures of M. mazei strain LYC. Pure cultures of Methanococcus voltae or Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum did not label. In samples from mesophilic sewage digesters, sarcinal colonies of bacteria similar to Methanosarcina showed heavy labelling per cell while colonies from 55 °C digesters show lighter labelling. A few free cocci, which were released from the sarcinal colonies, also labelled. Labelling was not observed on other bacterial forms in either set of digesters. These studies indicate that a collection of bacterial antibodies can be used to identify and map bacteria in situ in mixed samples.
7
O’Farrell, Shay, James N. Sanchirico, Iliana Chollett, Marcy Cockrell, Steven A. Murawski, Jordan T. Watson, Alan Haynie, Andrew Strelcheck, and Larry Perruso. "Improving detection of short-duration fishing behaviour in vessel tracks by feature engineering of training data." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 5 (February 2, 2017): 1428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw244.
Full textAbstract:
Big data, such as vessel monitoring system (VMS) data, can provide valuable information on fishing behaviours. However, conventional methods of detecting behaviours in movement data are challenged when behaviours are briefer than signal resolution. We investigate options for improving detection accuracy for short-set fisheries using 581 648 position records from 181 vessels in the Gulf of Mexico bandit-reel fishery. We first investigate the effects of increasing VMS temporal resolution and find that detection accuracy improves with fishing-set duration. We then assess whether a feature engineering approach—in our case, changing the way pings are labelled when training a classifier—could improve detection accuracy. From a dataset of 12 184 observed sets, we find that the conventional point-labelling method results in only 49% of pings being correctly labelled as ‘fishing’, whereas a novel window-labelling method results in 88% of records being labelled as ‘fishing’. When the labelled data are used to train classifiers, point labelling attains true-positive/balanced-accuracy rates of only 37%/66%, whereas window labelling achieves 68%/83%. Finally, we map fishing distribution using the two methods, and show that point labelling underestimates the extent of fishing grounds by ∼33%, highlighting the benefits of window labelling in particular, and feature engineering approaches in general.
8
Ai, Tinghua, and Yingzhe Lei. "Point Label Placement on Hexagonal Map Grids." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-4-2019.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The past few decades have seen the development of automatically feature labelling when manual label placement was thought to be time and labour consuming. Emerging techniques like volunteered geographic information (VGI) collection are making label placement more complexed with many features in a limited space, especially for points of interest (POI). In order to improve the quality and the efficiency of point feature labelling, there have been massive researches focusing on issues like position models, assessment criteria and optimization methods. Most of the researches were using vector-based methods while raster-based methods were less used, because vector-based methods have the advantage of easy definition of features and labels but are usually followed by computation complexity problems for features with high density. In contrast raster-based methods are faster and more flexible, though being harder to represent features and labels precisely on the map grids. Considering that hexagon partitioning was rarely used in raster-based methods, compared with the most commonly used square portioning, and hexagon was potentially useful for its oblique sides and isotropic orientations, hexagonal grids were used in this research to investigate better point feature labelling approaches.</p><p>A new raster-based method was promoted to figure out high quality label placement of POI in dense area. Labels were placed on a hexagonal map grids based on the principles that one Chinese character is set to one hexagon unit with the mathematical relationship of <i>h</i>&thinsp;=&thinsp;((&radic;3+1)/2)<i>a</i>, while <i>h</i> is the side length of a hexagon unit and <i>a</i> is the size of a Chinese character. Considering that hexagon grids are divided into flat topped type and pointy topped type, which leads to different orientations, split hexagons were promoted to extend orientations from 6 to 8 based on pointy topped grids. A hexagon is partitioned into two parts labelled ‘left’ and ‘right’ and a split hexagon is the combination of a ‘left’ part and a ‘right’ part separately from two neighboring hexagons, as shown in figure 1. Then every hexagon on the grid will have four status: not-occupied {(0,0)}, half-occupied {(0,1) and (1,0)} and both-occupied {(1,1)}. Based on the fundamental concepts above, specific definitions were made on how labels were supposed to be represented on hexagonal map grids, including the length, orientation, writing direction, character orientation and position of the labels.</p><p>The approach first initially arranges labels of POI with different combinations of label orientations while pursuing coherence as much as possible, including procedures of rasterization of vector data, POI grouping and initial scheme computation. Every POI in a same group would have same label orientation and every POI group may have several accessible orientations thus making initial schemes diverse. Then a second positioning algorithm was conducted to handle overlapping (labels with POI, labels with labels) problems and improve the overall quality of labelling. The algorithm used the methods of position changing and label turning, which allow label to change its position around POI and sometimes change the orientation when it is necessary to avoid collisions. Quality of labels in a closed block was assessed from three aspects: preferential orientation, occlusion and spaciousness. POI data was chosen from restaurant, hotel and shop facilities and figure 2 showed one of the examples of label placement results using this method. The results have shown good orientation consistency of labels and occlusions were reduced to the lowest, though several label-label occlusions remained due to the limited space. After being compared with vector-based method, the approach has shown better performance on maintaining map legibility, aesthetics and harmony.</p>
9
Voženílek, Vít, and Alena Vondráková. "TACTILE MAPS BASED ON 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (July 24, 2015): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2014vol3.732.
Full textAbstract:
The authors present the research seeking evaluating and developing aspects of interpretation and perception of geospace by modern tactile maps based on 3D printing. There are three newly introduced types of tactile maps. Map of type A is a tactile map printed by 3D printing technology as traditional relief tactile map with 5 mm thick background using both positive and negative relief with labelling by Braille letters. Map of type B is an inverse form of tactile map printed by 3D printing technology which will be used for casting type A tactile maps. Finally map of type C is a sound tactile map derived from map of type A posed onto box with digital voice records of geoinformation (attributes, navigations etc.) activated by touch on maps surface. The paper also describes present situation in tactile maps production and steps in recent testing the new type maps.
10
WATT, Stephen A., Gursant KULAR, Ian N. FLEMING, C. Peter DOWNES, and John M. LUCOCQ. "Subcellular localization of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate using the pleckstrin homology domain of phospholipase C δ1." Biochemical Journal 363, no. 3 (April 24, 2002): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3630657.
Full textAbstract:
Ptd(4,5)P2 is thought to promote and organize a wide range of cellular functions, including vesicular membrane traffic and cytoskeletal dynamics, by recruiting functional protein complexes to restricted locations in cellular membranes. However, little is known about the distribution of PtdIns(4,5)P2 in the cell at high resolution. We have used the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of phospholipase δ1 (PLCδ1), narrowly specific for PtdIns(4,5)P2, to map the distribution of the lipid in astrocytoma and A431 cells. We applied the glutathione S-transferase-tagged PLCδ1 PH domain (PLCδ1PH—GST) in an on-section labelling approach which avoids transfection procedures. Here we demonstrate PtdIns(4,5)P2 labelling in the plasma membrane, and also in intracellular membranes, including Golgi (mainly stack), endosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, as well as in electron-dense structures within the nucleus. At the plasma membrane, labelling was more concentrated over lamellipodia, but not in caveolae, which contained less than 10% of the total cell-surface labelling. A dramatic decrease in signal over labelled compartments was observed on preincubation with the cognate headgroup [Ins(1,4,5)P3], and plasma-membrane labelling was substantially decreased after stimulation with thrombin-receptor-activating peptide (SFLLRN in the one-letter amino acid code), a treatment which markedly diminishes PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels. Thus we have developed a highly selective method for mapping the PtdIns(4,5)P2 distribution within cells at high resolution, and our data provide direct evidence for this lipid at key functional locations.
11
Cannella, Roberto, Gianvincenzo Sparacia, Vincenzina Lo Re, Elisa Oddo, Giuseppe Mamone, and Roberto Miraglia. "Advanced magnetic resonance imaging of cortical laminar necrosis in patients with stroke." Neuroradiology Journal 32, no. 6 (September 30, 2019): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400919876621.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the novel advanced magnetic resonance imaging findings of acute stage cortical laminar necrosis developing after complicated cardiovascular or abdominal surgery. Materials and methods This institutional review board-approved study included patients with postoperative stroke due to cortical laminar necrosis imaged with magnetic resonance in the acute stage. Brain magnetic resonance imaging examinations were obtained on a 3T magnetic resonance scanner within 48 hours of the neurological symptoms, including diffusion-weighted images (b value, 1000 s/mm2) and arterial spin labelling using a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling method in four patients. Conventional and advanced magnetic resonance images were analysed to assess the imaging features in acute stage cortical laminar necrosis. Results The final population consisted of 14 patients (seven men and seven women, mean age 61 years, range 32–79 years) diagnosed with stroke and acute phase cortical laminar necrosis. All the patients presented with cortical lesions showing restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted images and hypointensity on the apparent diffusion coefficient map. Cortical hyperintensity on T2-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images was found in three (21%) and six (43%) patients, respectively. Reduced perfusion was noted in three out of four patients imaged with arterial spin labelling, while in one case no corresponding perfusion abnormality was noted on the arterial spin labelling maps. Arterial spin labelling abnormalities were much more extensive than diffusion restriction in two patients, and they were associated with a poor outcome. Conclusion Cortical hyperintense abnormalities on diffusion-weighted imaging may be the only sign of developing cortical laminar necrosis injury. The acquisition of arterial spin labelling helps to identify perfusion alterations and the extension of the ischaemic injury.
12
Song, Y. C., and J. P. Gustafson. "Physical mapping of the 5S rDNA gene complex in rice (Oryza sativa)." Genome 36, no. 4 (August 1, 1993): 658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-087.
Full textAbstract:
This study was designed to use biotin labelling in situ hybridization to physically map the 5S rDNA genes to a chromosome arm location in rice. Chromosome preparations were made using an improved protoplast technique, which resulted in more mitotic cells with less overlying cytoplasmic and cellular debris. Cells in which both chromatids were labelled were observed. The hybridization detection level for the 5S rDNA gene complex was 17.22%. The results established that the 5S rDNA gene complex of rice is located at the end of the short arm of chromosome 9 in rice cultivar IR36. The similarities and differences of the 5S rDNA gene complex location between rice and other cereals and advantages of in situ hybridization for physical mapping are discussed.Key words: biotin labelling, in situ hybridization.
13
Li, F., S. Oude Elberink, and G. Vosselman. "SEMANTIC LABELLING OF ROAD FURNITURE IN MOBILE LASER SCANNING DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 12, 2017): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-247-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Road furniture semantic labelling is vital for large scale mapping and autonomous driving systems. Much research has been investigated on road furniture interpretation in both 2D images and 3D point clouds. Precise interpretation of road furniture in mobile laser scanning data still remains unexplored. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to interpret road furniture based on their logical relations and functionalities. Our work represents the most detailed interpretation of road furniture in mobile laser scanning data. 93.3&thinsp;% of poles are correctly extracted and all of them are correctly recognised. 94.3&thinsp;% of street light heads are detected and 76.9&thinsp;% of them are correctly identified. Despite errors arising from the recognition of other components, our framework provides a promising solution to automatically map road furniture at a detailed level in urban environments.
14
Wright, Patricia, Ann Lickorish, and Audrey Hull. "The importance of iterative prrocedures in the design of location maps for the built environment." Information Design Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.6.1.04wri.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reports the development of a hand-held sketch map intended to help people find clinics and other facilities in a hospital Outpatients Department. The map illustrated the whereabouts of more than 50 locations which were divided between two floors, Considerable thought and consultation went into the design of the map. Empirical evaluation was carried out by asking members of the public to use the map to find specific locations in the building. This showed that some of the information on the map was not understood at all, some was misinterpreted and some was ignored. Analysis of people's difficulties suggested that over 20 revisions were needed and that these fell into six broad categories, which included readers' presuppositions about the labelling of the built environment, their interpretation of iconic information on the map, and their use of way-finding information both on and off the map. This led to a revised map, which further testing showed overcame the previous problems. However, subsequent requests for extra details on the map showed that the design solutions did not necessarily remain adequate when new information was introduced. Numerous subtle factors could cause ambiguities for readers and undermine the map's effectiveness. Although the error analysis pointed to general design principles for this kind of location diagram, these principles were goals rather than procedures which could guarantee the success of such maps. Empirical evaluation provides the only certain way of knowing that a location map is adequate for its purpose,
15
Shree, Manu, and Shyam K. Masakapalli. "Intracellular Fate of Universally Labelled 13C Isotopic Tracers of Glucose and Xylose in Central Metabolic Pathways of Xanthomonas oryzae." Metabolites 8, no. 4 (October 15, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo8040066.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this study is to map the metabolic pathways of poorly understood bacterial phytopathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo) BXO43 fed with plant mimicking media XOM2 containing glutamate, methionine and either 40% [13C5] xylose or 40% [13C6] glucose. The metabolic networks mapped using the KEGG mapper and the mass isotopomer fragments of proteinogenic amino acids derived from GC-MS provided insights into the activities of Xoo central metabolic pathways. The average 13C in histidine, aspartate and other amino acids confirmed the activities of PPP, the TCA cycle and amino acid biosynthetic routes, respectively. The similar labelling patterns of amino acids (His, Ala, Ser, Val and Gly) from glucose and xylose feeding experiments suggests that PPP would be the main metabolic route in Xoo. Owing to the lack of annotated gene phosphoglucoisomerase in BXO43, the 13C incorporation in alanine could not be attributed to the competing pathways and hence warrants additional positional labelling experiments. The negligible presence of 13C incorporation in methionine brings into question its potential role in metabolism and pathogenicity. The extent of the average 13C labelling in several amino acids highlighted the contribution of pre-existing pools that need to be accounted for in 13C-flux analysis studies. This study provided the first qualitative insights into central carbon metabolic pathway activities in Xoo.
16
Sun, Q. Y., L. Lai, R. S. Prather, and H. Schatten. "Antioxidants stimulate meiosis resumption, but inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and further cell cycle progression in porcine oocytes." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 12, no. 8 (2000): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00104.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study the effects of two cell-permeant antioxidants, 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), on porcine oocyte meiosis resumption, chromatin behaviour and spindle assembly were investigated. The antioxidants BHA and NDGA stimulated meiosis resumption in a dose-dependent manner in both cumulus-enclosed and denuded porcine oocytes. Afterin vitro culture for 8 h, few oocytes underwent germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in control groups, whereas GVBD occurred in high percentages of oocytes treated with BHA or NDGA at concentrations that inhibit GVBD in rodent oocytes, although mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase was not phosphorylated as revealed by Western immunoblots. Orcein staining and fluorescein isothiocyanate-anti-· -tubulin labelling showed that chromosome and spindle formation, respectively, and further meiosis progression were inhibited 20 and 25 h after culture. Instead, chromatin was highly condensed or existed in scattered condensed clusters. Correspondingly, MAP kinase phosphorylation was inhibited by both BHA and NDGA in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of BHA on meiosis completion and MAP kinase phosphorylation was reversible. These results suggest that, unlike in rodent oocytes, antioxidants stimulate GVBD in the absence of MAP kinase activation, but inhibit MAP kinase phosphorylation, meiotic apparatus formation and thus the further progression of the meiosis of porcine oocytes.
17
Hanna, R. E. B., A. G. Trudgett, and A. Anderson. "Fasciola hepatica: development of monoclonal antibodies against somatic antigens and their characterization by ultrastructural localization of antibody binding." Journal of Helminthology 62, no. 1 (March 1988): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00011147.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTA series of monoclonal antibodies was prepared against tegumental and internal antigens ofFasciola hepaticaby immunizing mice with whole adult-fluke homogenates prior to harvesting the splenic lymphocytes for fusion. Preliminary screening by the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody technique indicated the occurrence of discrete groups of monoclonals differing from one another in tissue-specificity but within which IFA labelling patterns were fairly consistent. Representative hybridomas for 5 of these groups were stabilized and used to produce ascites fluid in mice. By application of an immunogold labelling technique it was possible to map the distribution of antigens for which each monoclonal antibody had affinity throughout the tissues of 4-week and 12-week flukes. Several monoclonals specifically labelled antigenic determinants on the important tegumental antigen T1. However the distribution of gold colloid labelling suggested that epitopes other than that normally exposed to the infected host were recognized; and several monoclonals specifically attached to T1 antigen in the tegument of juvenile worms only. The glycocalyx of the gut and excretory system of flukes shared T1 antigenicity with the tegument. Monoclonal antibodies were produced against an internal immunogen associated with ribosomes and heterochromatin in active protein-producing cells, and against interstitial material of adult flukes. Monoclonals against antigens in parenchymal cell cytoplasm and in mature vitelline cells were recognized but the corresponding hybridomas were not stabilized.
18
North, A. J., W. G. Bardsley, J. Hyam, E. A. Bornslaeger, H. C. Cordingley, B. Trinnaman, M. Hatzfeld, K. J. Green, A. I. Magee, and D. R. Garrod. "Molecular map of the desmosomal plaque." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 23 (December 1, 1999): 4325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.23.4325.
Full textAbstract:
Recent biochemical and molecular approaches have begun to establish the protein interactions that lead to desmosome assembly. To determine whether these associations occur in native desmosomes we have performed ultrastructural localisation of specific domains of the major desmosomal components and have used the results to construct a molecular map of the desmosomal plaque. Antibodies directed against the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains of desmoplakin, plakoglobin and plakophilin 1, and against the carboxy-terminal domains of desmoglein 3, desmocollin 2a and desmocollin 2b, were used for immunogold labelling of ultrathin cryosections of bovine nasal epidermis. For each antibody, the mean distance of the gold particles, and thus the detected epitope, from the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane was determined quantitatively. Results showed that: (i) plakophilin, although previously shown to bind intermediate filaments in vitro, is localised extremely close to the plasma membrane, rather than in the region where intermediate filaments are seen to insert into the desmosomal plaque; (ii) while the ‘a’ form of desmocollin overlaps with plakoglobin and desmoplakin, the shorter ‘b’ form may be spatially separated from them; (iii) desmoglein 3 extends across the entire outer plaque, beyond both desmocollins; (iv) the amino terminus of desmoplakin lies within the outer dense plaque and the carboxy terminus some 40 nm distant in the zone of intermediate filament attachment. This is consistent with a parallel arrangement of desmoplakin in dimers or higher order aggregates and with the predicted length of desmoplakin II, indicating that desmoplakin I may be folded or coiled. Thus several predictions from previous work were borne out by this study, but in other cases our observations yielded unexpected results. These results have significant implications relating to molecular interactions in desmosomes and emphasise the importance of applying multiple and complementary approaches to biological investigations.
19
Gupta, Sanjay Kumar, Sudeep Gorai, and M. S. Nain. "Perceptual Mapping for Agricultural Marketing Research: Concept and Methodologies." Journal of Extension Systems 37, no. 1 (2021): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/jes.2021.37109.
Full textAbstract:
In the agriculture the focus was more on the production of commodity than marketing of it. In the wake of the focus on doubling the income of farmers one of the strategies can be the direct marketing of the produce. It may be possible through the market research, which previously had been in use at very nominal rate, but at present we have systematic market research technique and methodology for market positioning and for the formulation of suitable strategies for the farmers. One of the suitable and systematic marketing research techniques is perceptual mapping. Perceptual maps are often used in marketing to visually study relations between two or more attributes the process of making perceptual map is perceptual mapping. However, in many perceptual maps published in the recent literature it remains unclear what is being shown and how the relations between the points in the map can be interpreted or even what a point represents. The term perceptual map refers to plots obtained by a series of different techniques, such as principal component analysis, (multiple) correspondence analysis, and multidimensional scaling, each needing specific requirements for producing the map and interpreting it. Some of the major flaws of published perceptual maps are omission of reference to the techniques that produced the map, non-unit shape parameters for the map, and unclear labelling of the points. To facilitate this, a small set of simple icons that indicate the rules for correctly interpreting the map. We present several examples, point out flaws and show how to produce better maps.
20
Maruta, S., and M. Ikebe. "Photoaffinity labelling of smooth-muscle myosin by methylanthraniloyl-8-azido-ATP." Biochemical Journal 292, no. 2 (June 1, 1993): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2920439.
Full textAbstract:
Methylanthraniloyl-8-azido-ATP (Mant-8-N3-ATP), which binds to the 20 kDa C-terminal tryptic fragment of skeletal-muscle myosin subfragment-1 [Maruta, Miyanishi and Matsuda (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. 184, 213-221], was synthesized and used as a probe of the conformational change of smooth-muscle myosin. Mant-8-N3-ATP, like ATP, induced the formation of the 10 S conformation at low ionic strength. In the presence of vanadate, smooth-muscle myosin formed a stable complex with Mant-8-N3-ADP, and this complex showed the 10 S→6 S transition of myosin. ATP-binding sites for 6 S (extended state) and 10 S (folded state) myosin were studied by photolabelling of myosin with Mant-8-N3-ADP. For both 6 S and 10 S myosin, Mant-8-N3-ATP was incorporated into the 29 kDa N-terminal tryptic fragment of myosin heavy chain. This is unlike the labelling of skeletal-muscle myosin, in which the 20 kDa C-terminal fragment is labelled. The labelling of 29 kDa fragment was diminished significantly by addition of ATP. These results suggest that the conformation of the ATP-binding site of smooth-muscle myosin is different from that of skeletal-muscle myosin. To examine further the possible differences in the labelling site between 6 S and 10 S myosin, the affinity-labelled 29 kDa fragment was subjected to complete proteolysis by lysylendo-peptidase. The fluorescent-labelled-peptide map suggested that the Mant-8-N3-ADP-binding sites for 6 S and 10 S myosin were identical.
21
Faustryjak, Damian, Michał Majchrowicz, and Lidia Jackowska-Strumiłło. "Application of the Layered Model Management System in an Interactive Map of the University Campus." Image Processing & Communications 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipc-2017-0021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper presents a web application for navigation through the university campus, which is based on Global Positioning System GPS and OpenStreetMap. The application has a multilayer structure and multi-labelling support. The proposed solution ensures better management of visual data and more efficient image processing comparing to the other known methods. With the new search system, users can place a lot of information on one layer without losing the legibility of displayed data. All the information that was displayed on the map was grouped and assigned to the appropriate categories.Therefore a map contains a lot of related information that needs to be linked to each other. The system has been divided into modules that ensure the integrity of the displayed things. Presenting so much information at the same time is managed by modules. Their main job is to provide results that is then segregated and grouped. The system presented in this paper was applied for Lodz University of Technology.
22
Zhang, Yunfei, Jincai Huang, Min Deng, Chi Chen, Fangbin Zhou, Shuchun Xie, and Xiaoliang Fang. "Automated Matching of Multi-Scale Building Data Based on Relaxation Labelling and Pattern Combinations." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8010038.
Full textAbstract:
With the increasingly urgent demand for map conflation and timely data updating, data matching has become a crucial issue in big data and the GIS community. However, non-rigid deviation, shape homogenization, and uncertain scale differences occur in crowdsourced and official building data, causing challenges in conflating heterogeneous building datasets from different sources and scales. This paper thus proposes an automated building data matching method based on relaxation labelling and pattern combinations. The proposed method first detects all possible matching objects and pattern combinations to create a matching table, and calculates four geo-similarities for each candidate-matching pair to initialize a probabilistic matching matrix. After that, the contextual information of neighboring candidate-matching pairs is explored to heuristically amend the geo-similarity-based matching matrix for achieving a contextual matching consistency. Three case studies are conducted to illustrate that the proposed method obtains high matching accuracies and correctly identifies various 1:1, 1:M, and M:N matching. This indicates the pattern-level relaxation labelling matching method can efficiently overcome the problems of shape homogeneity and non-rigid deviation, and meanwhile has weak sensitivity to uncertain scale differences, providing a functional solution for conflating crowdsourced and official building data.
23
Amarasingam, Narmilan, Felipe Gonzalez, Arachchige Surantha Ashan Salgadoe, Juan Sandino, and Kevin Powell. "Detection of White Leaf Disease in Sugarcane Crops Using UAV-Derived RGB Imagery with Existing Deep Learning Models." Remote Sensing 14, no. 23 (December 3, 2022): 6137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236137.
Full textAbstract:
White leaf disease (WLD) is an economically significant disease in the sugarcane industry. This work applied remote sensing techniques based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and deep learning (DL) to detect WLD in sugarcane fields at the Gal-Oya Plantation, Sri Lanka. The established methodology to detect WLD consists of UAV red, green, and blue (RGB) image acquisition, the pre-processing of the dataset, labelling, DL model tuning, and prediction. This study evaluated the performance of the existing DL models such as YOLOv5, YOLOR, DETR, and Faster R-CNN to recognize WLD in sugarcane crops. The experimental results indicate that the YOLOv5 network outperformed the other selected models, achieving a precision, recall, mean average precision@0.50 (mAP@0.50), and mean average precision@0.95 (mAP@0.95) metrics of 95%, 92%, 93%, and 79%, respectively. In contrast, DETR exhibited the weakest detection performance, achieving metrics values of 77%, 69%, 77%, and 41% for precision, recall, mAP@0.50, and mAP@0.95, respectively. YOLOv5 is selected as the recommended architecture to detect WLD using the UAV data not only because of its performance, but this was also determined because of its size (14 MB), which was the smallest one among the selected models. The proposed methodology provides technical guidelines to researchers and farmers for conduct the accurate detection and treatment of WLD in the sugarcane fields.
24
Officer, S. J., R. D. Armstrong, and R. M. Norton. "Plant availability of phosphorus from fluid fertiliser is maintained under soil moisture deficit in non-calcareous soils of south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 47, no. 1 (2009): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08090.
Full textAbstract:
Low soil moisture and phosphorus (P) deficiencies restrict grain production in south-eastern Australia. The effect of the soil moisture regime on the plant availability of P from fluid mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertiliser was examined during vegetative growth of wheat and canola in P-responsive soils from the Wimmera, Mallee, and high rainfall zone (Glenelg) regions of Victoria. Three plant growth experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, wheat growth and P uptake increased synergistically as soil moisture increased above permanent wilting point (PWP) and as P rate increased. In Experiment 2, the uptake of P from MAP fertiliser of wheat growing under a soil moisture deficit was examined using radioactive (32P) labelling. A factorial design compared uptake from intact soil cores of 3 soil types (Vertosol, Sodosol, Chromosol), 2 depths of fertiliser placement (40 and 80 mm), and either 0 or 25 kg P/ha. Results showed distinct plant responses to both the presence and depth of MAP fertiliser. Banding MAP close to the seed was most efficient in terms of recovery of the fertiliser P, regardless of the soil moisture conditions. Soil moisture regime affected the plant uptake of soil P, rather than fertiliser P, with more soil P taken up by the plants when soil moisture increased. The plant availability of the residual MAP fertiliser in the soil was subsequently examined in Experiment 3. The availability of the residual MAP to canola seedlings was equivalent to 8 kg P/ha of freshly applied MAP. Following both crops (9 months), Colwell P values indicated no further residual MAP availability in soil that had been under the wet regime, and only a small residual value in soil from the dry regime. Banded application of fluid MAP close to the seed and into soil that is above PWP is recommended, even when a relatively dry season is expected, although the residual value to following crops may be limited.
25
Dawidowicz, Jacek. "Kohonen Artificial Networks for the Verification of the Diameters of Water-pipes." Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 23 (2021): 835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54740/ros.2021.057.
Full textAbstract:
The design of the water distribution system is inherently linked to the execution of calculations, which aim, among other things, to determine the flow rate through individual pipes and the selection of diameters at the appropriate speed. Each step in the calculations is followed by an evaluation of the results and, if necessary, a correction of the data and further calculations. It is up to the designer to analyse the accuracy of the calculation results and is time-consuming for large systems. In this article, a diagnostic method for the results of hydraulic calculations, based on Kohonen Network, which classifies nominal diameters [DN] on the basis of data, in the form of flows, has been proposed. After calculating the new variant of the water distribution system, the individual calculation sections are assigned to the neurons of the topological map of Kohonen Network drawn up for nominal diameters. By comparing the diameter used for the calculation, with the diameter obtained on the topological map, the accuracy of the chosen diameter can be assessed. The topological map, created as a result of labelling the neurons of the output layer of the Kohonen Network, graphically shows the position of the classified diameter, relative to those diameters with similar input values. The position of a given diameter, relative to other diameters, may suggest the need to change the diameter of the pipe.
26
CHANG, Hang, Kou-Gi SHYU, Bao-Wei WANG, and Peiliang KUAN. "Regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α by cyclical mechanical stretch in rat vascular smooth muscle cells." Clinical Science 105, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20030088.
Full textAbstract:
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are exposed to hormonal and mechanical stress in vivo. Hormonal factors have been shown to affect hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). How mechanical stress affects the regulation of HIF-1α in VSMCs has not been reported previously, and therefore we sought to investigate the regulation of HIF-1α by cyclical mechanical stretch in cultured rat VSMCs. Rat VSMCs grown on a flexible membrane base were stretched by vacuum to 20% of the maximum elongation at 60 cycles/min. The levels of HIF-1α protein began to increase as early as 2 h after stretch was applied and reached a maximum of 2.8-fold over the control by 4 h. Real-time PCR showed that the levels of HIF-1α mRNA increased 2.1-fold after cyclical stretch for 4 h. Cyclical mechanical stretch also increased the immunohistochemical labelling of HIF-1α in VSMCs after cyclical stretch for 4 h. The phosphorylation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) increased after stretch and this was inhibited by the MAP kinase kinase inhibitors PD98059 and U0126. PD98059 and U0126 also blocked HIF-1α gene expression induced by cyclical stretch. In conclusion, cyclical mechanical stretch activates the gene expression of HIF-1α in cultured VSMCs and this mechanical effect is possibly mediated by the p42/p44 MAP kinase kinase pathway.
27
Vanderwerf, S. M., and S. Lutsenko. "The Wilson's disease protein expressed in Sf9 cells is phosphorylated." Biochemical Society Transactions 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 739–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0300739.
Full textAbstract:
The Wilson's disease protein (WNDP), a copper transporter, is a crucial mediator of copper homoeostasis in mammalian cells. We recently found that changes in copper concentration regulate the phosphorylation level of WNDP. WNDP phosphorylation was observed in several mammalian cell lines, suggesting that a common phosphorylation pathway exists in these cells. Here we demonstrate that WNDP expressed in Sf9 insect cells is also phosphorylated, as evidenced by metabolic labelling of these cells with [32P]Pi. Because the baculovirus system allows us to generate large amounts of protein, we are using this expression method to isolate WNDP and map the sites of WNDP phosphorylation. The identification of phosphorylation sites is the first step towards understanding the physiological role of WNDP phosphorylation.
28
Tang, Joseph Kuo-Hsiang, Le You, Robert E. Blankenship, and Yinjie J. Tang. "Recent advances in mapping environmental microbial metabolisms through 13 C isotopic fingerprints." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 76 (August 15, 2012): 2767–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0396.
Full textAbstract:
After feeding microbes with a defined 13 C substrate, unique isotopic patterns (isotopic fingerprints) can be formed in their metabolic products. Such labelling information not only can provide novel insights into functional pathways but also can determine absolute carbon fluxes through the metabolic network via metabolic modelling approaches. This technique has been used for finding pathways that may have been mis-annotated in the past, elucidating new enzyme functions, and investigating cell metabolisms in microbial communities. In this review paper, we summarize the applications of 13 C approaches to analyse novel cell metabolisms for the past 3 years. The isotopic fingerprints (defined as unique isotopomers useful for pathway identifications) have revealed the operations of the Entner–Doudoroff pathway, the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle, new enzymes for biosynthesis of central metabolites, diverse respiration routes in phototrophic metabolism, co-metabolism of carbon nutrients and novel CO 2 fixation pathways. This review also discusses new isotopic methods to map carbon fluxes in global metabolisms, as well as potential factors influencing the metabolic flux quantification (e.g. metabolite channelling, the isotopic purity of 13 C substrates and the isotopic effect). Although 13 C labelling is not applicable to all biological systems (e.g. microbial communities), recent studies have shown that this method has a significant value in functional characterization of poorly understood micro-organisms, including species relevant for biotechnology and human health.
29
Prestamo, G., P. S. Testillano, O. Vicente, P. Gonzalez-Melendi, M. J. Coronado, C. Wilson, E. Heberle-Bors, and M. C. Risueno. "Ultrastructural distribution of a MAP kinase and transcripts in quiescent and cycling plant cells and pollen grains." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 7 (April 1, 1999): 1065–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.7.1065.
Full textAbstract:
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of a kinase module that plays a central role in the transduction of diverse extracellular stimuli, including mitogens, specific differentiation and developmental signals and stress treatments. This shows that reversible protein phosphorylation cascades play a pivotal role in signal transduction in animal cells and yeast, particularly the entry into mitosis of arrested cells. Homologues of MAPKs have been found and cloned in various plant species, but there have been no data about their in situ localization at the subcellular level and their expression in plant cells so far. In the present paper we report the first data on the ultrastructural in situ localization of MAPK and their mRNAs in various plant cells. Proliferating and quiescent meristematic plant cells were studied to evaluate whether changes in MAPK presence, distribution and expression accompany the entry into proliferation of dormant cells. Moreover, MAPK localization was analyzed in vacuolate microspores. Polyclonal antibodies against the deduced MAPK from the tobacco Ntf6 clone were able to recognize homologue epitopes by immunocytochemical techniques in the cell types studied. The pattern of protein distribution is similar in all the cases studied: it is localized in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, mainly in the interchromatin region. The quantitative study of the density showed that MAPK labelling is more abundant in cycling than in quiescent cells, also suggesting that, in plants, MAPK pathways might play a role in cell proliferation. RNA probes for conserved regions of the catalytic domain of plant MAPK homologue genes were used to study MAPK expression in those plant cells. In situ hybridization (ISH) showed the presence of MAPK transcripts in the three plant cell types studied, but levels were very low in quiescent cells compared to those in cycling cells. The quantification of labelling density of ISH signals strongly suggests a higher level of MAPK expression in proliferating cells, but also some basal messenger presence and/or expression in the quiescent ones. Immunogold and ISH results show the presence and distribution of MAPK proteins and mRNAs in vacuolate microspores. This represents a very dynamic stage during pollen development in which the cell nucleus is being prepared for an asymmetrical mitotic division, giving rise to both the generative and the vegetative nuclei of the bicellular pollen grain. Taken together, the data indicate a role played by MAPK in the re-entry into proliferation in plant cells.
30
Hadavand, A., M. Saadatseresht, and S. Homayouni. "A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR OBJECT-BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS BASED ON SEGMENTATION SCALE SPACE AND RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFIER." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-263-2015.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper a new object-based framework is developed for automate scale selection in image segmentation. The quality of image objects have an important impact on further analyses. Due to the strong dependency of segmentation results to the scale parameter, choosing the best value for this parameter, for each class, becomes a main challenge in object-based image analysis. We propose a new framework which employs pixel-based land cover map to estimate the initial scale dedicated to each class. These scales are used to build segmentation scale space (SSS), a hierarchy of image objects. Optimization of SSS, respect to NDVI and DSM values in each super object is used to get the best scale in local regions of image scene. Optimized SSS segmentations are finally classified to produce the final land cover map. Very high resolution aerial image and digital surface model provided by ISPRS 2D semantic labelling dataset is used in our experiments. The result of our proposed method is comparable to those of ESP tool, a well-known method to estimate the scale of segmentation, and marginally improved the overall accuracy of classification from 79% to 80%.
31
Lewitowicz, Piotr, Jaroslaw Matykiewicz, Magdalena Chrapek, Dorota Koziel, Agata Horecka-Lewitowicz, Martyna Gluszek-Osuch, Iwona Wawrzycka, and Stanisław Gluszek. "Tumor Digital Masking Allows Precise Patient Triaging: A Study Based on Ki-67 Scoring in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors." Scanning 2018 (September 2, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7807416.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Technological advances constantly provide cutting-edge tools that enhance the progress of diagnostic capabilities. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors belong to a family of mesenchymal tumors where patient triaging is still based on traditional criteria such as mitotic count, tumor size, and tumor location. Limitations of the human eye and randomness in choice of area for mitotic figure counting compel us to seek more objective solutions such as digital image analysis. Presently, the labelling of proliferative activity is becoming a routine task amidst many cancers. The purpose of the present study was to compare the traditional method of prediction based on mitotic ratio with digital image analysis of cell cycle-dependent proteins. Methods. Fifty-seven eligible cases were enrolled. Furthermore, a digital analysis of previously performed whole tissue section immunohistochemical assays was executed. Digital labelling covered both hotspots and not-hotspots equally. Results. We noted a significant diversity of proliferative activities, and consequently, the results pointed to 6.5% of Ki-67, counted in hotspots, as the optimal cut-off for low–high-grade GIST. ROC analysis (AUC = 0.913; 95% CI: 0.828–0.997, p<0.00001) and odds ratio (OR = 40.0, 95% CI: 6.7–237.3, p<0.0001) pointed to Ki-67 16% as the cut-off for very high-grade (groups 5–6) cases. With help of a tumor digital map, we revealed possible errors resulting from a wrong choice of field for analysis. We confirmed that Ki-67 scores are in line with the level of intracellular metabolism that could be used as the additional biomarker. Conclusions. Tumor digital masking is very promising solution for repeatable and objective labelling. Software adjustments of nuclear shape, outlines, size, etc. are helpful to omit other Ki-67-positive cells especially small lymphocytes. Our results pointed to Ki-67 as a good biomarker in GIST, but concurrently, we noted significant differences in used digital approaches which could lead to unequivocal results.
32
Wigley, Mark. "How do the Swiss produce their New National Map Series?" Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-402-2019.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Switzerland, not unlike Japan, has a difficult and challenging topography to map.</p><p>The Swiss have been officially mapping their country now for nearly 175 years, which started when the “Bureau topographique fédéral” first published the initial set of official National maps in 1845. The various Swiss National Map series have been revised a number of times throughout its history and the latest revision and update was carried out in 2014 when the Federal Office of Topography swisstopo, published the first four sheets in the new generation of maps at 1:25’000.</p><p>Swisstopo have, with their new revised map series not only reviewed, challenged and changed their map production procedures but completely redesigned them.</p><p>The new production procedures for the national map series 1:10’000, 1:25’000, 1:50’000 and 1:100’000 are now all based on the 1:10’000 Topographic Landscape Model (TLM) where GIS methodology and software have replaced the old cartographic software.</p><p>Each of these four scales brings its own unique series of challenges such as generalisation, map design and labelling, and each goes through the same three main production procedures: automatic generalisation, cartographic improvement and manual cartographic finishing.</p><p>The automatic model and cartographic generalisation are performed by a large series of procedures, taking the base TLM data and preparing it for the required scale.</p><p>The cartographic improvement involves running preconfigured, so-called “Carto Processes” which perform cartographic improvements such as improving the road endings, creating annotations and various masks, rotating symbols and suppressing certain feature details.</p><p>The manual cartographic finishing (not required for the fully automatic 1:10’000 national map) is carried out by a highly skilled cartographic workforce, which take over where the automatic procedures fail to produce the required cartographic finish which the local market still demands from its National Mapping Agency.</p>
33
Merriman, William E., Lorna H. Jarvis, and John M. Marazita. "How shall a deceptive thing be called?" Journal of Child Language 22, no. 1 (February 1995): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009661.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThirty-six three-, four- and five-year-olds were asked to select labels for deceptive stimuli (e.g. for an eraser that looked like a pencil). Three types of labelling were investigated –simple (e.g. ‘is an eraser’); appearance-predicated (e.g. ‘looks like an eraser’); and reality-predicated (e.g. ‘is really and truly an eraser’). An age-related appearance-reality shift was observed in simple labelling (e.g. older children were more likely than younger ones to accept eraser and reject pencil as simple names for the pencil-eraser). This trend was robust over method and semantic domain, though weaker with object than with colour labels. As in previous research, older children were more likely than younger ones to map different appearance- than reality-predicated labels onto an item (e.g. to accept that the pencil-eraser looks like a pencil, but is really and truly an eraser); however, all age groups were reluctant to extend more than one name to a stimulus via a common predicate (e.g. to accept two reality-predicated labels for the same object). This one-label-per-predicate pattern was observed more frequently within reality than within appearance predicates; more frequently with colour than with object names, and with questions blocked by predicate than by name. It is argued that younger children maintained this pattern because of inflexible encoding, but that older ones did so because of better understanding of the appearance-reality distinction, greater reality dominance, and a Mutual Exclusivity bias.
34
Latino, Maria Elena, Marta Menegoli, and Angelo Corallo. "Food label design – exploring the literature." British Food Journal 122, no. 3 (December 17, 2019): 766–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-06-2019-0452.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the main research fields concerning food label designs and build a topic overview. To this end, the literature review method was chosen.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 121 papers was identified and analyzed using bibliometric analysis. Journals, articles, authors of the sample and the term co-occurrence map, which represents the recurring themes and organizes them in clusters, were defined. To recognize the main research fields, starting from analyzing the terms that compose each cluster, the results were discussed in a focus group composed of five experts.FindingsFood labelling theories are distinctly related to eight research fields: consumer behaviour analysis, consumer willingness evaluation, consumer product evaluation, nutrition and health, daily foodstuff and meal effects, food industry and related products, impacts on market and society and child nutrition.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral stakeholders could be interested in the results of this paper. Food companies could identify the best practices in food labelling theories to improve their products and labels. Governments could understand how social policies are acknowledged by consumers and how to create new policies. Researchers could identify new issues to investigate. The results could also facilitate bibliographical referencing for those who approach this topic for the first time.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, studies on food label theories explore the themes from the consumer’s perspective. The authors’ study, in contrast, focused on recognizing the research fields where food label designs are addressed.
35
Chalmers, A. D., and J. M. Slack. "The Xenopus tadpole gut: fate maps and morphogenetic movements." Development 127, no. 2 (January 15, 2000): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.2.381.
Full textAbstract:
We have produced a comprehensive fate map showing where the organs of the gut and respiratory system are derived from in the early Xenopus laevis endoderm. We also show the origin of the associated smooth muscle layer on a separate fate map. Comparison of the two maps shows that for most organs of the gut the prospective epithelium and smooth muscle do not overlie each other in the early embryo but come together at a later stage. These fate maps should be useful for future studies into endoderm specification. It was not previously known how the elongation of the endoderm occurs, how the single-layered dorsal and many-layered ventral endoderm gives rise to the single layered epithelium, and whether or not the archenteron cavity actually gives rise to the gut lumen. Using a variety of labelling procedures we show firstly, that radial intercalation occurs in the gut transforming a short thick tube into a long thin tube; secondly, that the archenteron lining does not become the definitive gut lumen. Instead the archenteron cavity almost closes at tailbud stages before providing a nucleus for the definitive gut cavity, which opens up during elongation. Based on this work we present a model explaining the morphogenesis of the gut.
36
Dechesne, Clément, Clément Mallet, Arnaud Le Bris, Valérie Gouet, and Alexandre Hervieu. "FOREST STAND SEGMENTATION USING AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA AND VERY HIGH RESOLUTION MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-207-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Forest stands are the basic units for forest inventory and mapping. Stands are large forested areas (e.g., ≥ 2 ha) of homogeneous tree species composition. The accurate delineation of forest stands is usually performed by visual analysis of human operators on very high resolution (VHR) optical images. This work is highly time consuming and should be automated for scalability purposes. In this paper, a method based on the fusion of airborne laser scanning data (or lidar) and very high resolution multispectral imagery for automatic forest stand delineation and forest land-cover database update is proposed. The multispectral images give access to the tree species whereas 3D lidar point clouds provide geometric information on the trees. Therefore, multi-modal features are computed, both at pixel and object levels. The objects are individual trees extracted from lidar data. A supervised classification is performed at the object level on the computed features in order to coarsely discriminate the existing tree species in the area of interest. The analysis at tree level is particularly relevant since it significantly improves the tree species classification. A probability map is generated through the tree species classification and inserted with the pixel-based features map in an energetical framework. The proposed energy is then minimized using a standard graph-cut method (namely QPBO with α-expansion) in order to produce a segmentation map with a controlled level of details. Comparison with an existing forest land cover database shows that our method provides satisfactory results both in terms of stand labelling and delineation (matching ranges between 94% and 99%).
37
Hernandez, I., P. Benevides, H. Costa, and M. Caetano. "EXPLORING SENTINEL-2 FOR LAND COVER AND CROP MAPPING IN PORTUGAL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-83-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Land cover information is fundamental for a wide range of fields, such as research and policymaking. Remote sensing has historically been a source of data on land cover and recognized as the only practical systematic and wall-to-wall source for crop mapping. The European Copernicus programme and its free data policy for Sentinel-2 made accessible large volumes of imagery for frequent mapping and updating, generating new challenges. One such challenge is timely mapping through supervised image classification. The need for a prompt classification workflow requires training to become automatic, which typically relies on samples collected manually via fieldwork or image interpretation. Another challenge is to map land cover classes that traditionally have been troublesome to identify when satellite observations were sparse. For instance, crops have a spectral response that changes substantially throughout the year or during narrow time windows, which cannot be observed with few image acquisitions. This paper presents research ongoing in Portugal to develop a methodology for automatic image classification using training samples labelling with no human intervention. Rather, auxiliary datasets are used to randomly extract labelled points from large training samples to produce a land cover and crop map in raster format at 10 m spatial resolution using 2018 Sentinel-2 images. The proposed methodology was tested with the Random Forest classifier achieving an overall accuracy of 76%. These results are promising and support the idea of refining the methodology to move towards an annual land cover map production at the national scale.
38
Dechesne, Clément, Clément Mallet, Arnaud Le Bris, Valérie Gouet, and Alexandre Hervieu. "FOREST STAND SEGMENTATION USING AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA AND VERY HIGH RESOLUTION MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-207-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Forest stands are the basic units for forest inventory and mapping. Stands are large forested areas (e.g., ≥ 2 ha) of homogeneous tree species composition. The accurate delineation of forest stands is usually performed by visual analysis of human operators on very high resolution (VHR) optical images. This work is highly time consuming and should be automated for scalability purposes. In this paper, a method based on the fusion of airborne laser scanning data (or lidar) and very high resolution multispectral imagery for automatic forest stand delineation and forest land-cover database update is proposed. The multispectral images give access to the tree species whereas 3D lidar point clouds provide geometric information on the trees. Therefore, multi-modal features are computed, both at pixel and object levels. The objects are individual trees extracted from lidar data. A supervised classification is performed at the object level on the computed features in order to coarsely discriminate the existing tree species in the area of interest. The analysis at tree level is particularly relevant since it significantly improves the tree species classification. A probability map is generated through the tree species classification and inserted with the pixel-based features map in an energetical framework. The proposed energy is then minimized using a standard graph-cut method (namely QPBO with α-expansion) in order to produce a segmentation map with a controlled level of details. Comparison with an existing forest land cover database shows that our method provides satisfactory results both in terms of stand labelling and delineation (matching ranges between 94% and 99%).
39
Becker, D. L., and J. E. Cook. "Initial disorder and secondary retinotopic refinement of regenerating axons in the optic tract of the goldfish: signs of a new role for axon collateral loss." Development 101, no. 2 (October 1, 1987): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.101.2.323.
Full textAbstract:
The optic tract of the goldfish splits into two brachia just before it reaches the tectum, normal optic axons being distributed systematically between the two according to their retinal origins. The orderliness of this division, like that of the retinotectal projection itself, is conventionally attributed to a system of specific axonal guidance cues. However, the brachial distribution of regenerated axons is much less orderly; and, since there is evidence that these axons have many collateral branches in the nerve and tract, the gross order that remains after regeneration could potentially arise secondarily, in parallel with refinement of the retinotectal map, by a preferential loss of collaterals from the inappropriate brachium. The brachial paths of normal axons, and axons regenerated after optic nerve cut for periods ranging from 19 days to 5 years, were therefore studied by anterograde labelling with horseradish peroxidase from discrete retinal lesions or retrograde labelling of ganglion cells from a cut brachium. From 19 to 28 days, regenerating axons showed little or no preference for their normal brachium. During this period (which includes the first week of tectal synaptogenesis) an average of 46á3% of cells retrogradely labelled from a cut medial brachium were in dorsal retina, compared with only 1á45% in normal fish. Some preference for the normal brachium was evident at 35 days and significant order had returned by 42–70 days, when the average proportion of labelled cells in dorsal retina had fallen to 25á4% though the average number in the whole retina was unchanged. Thus a brachial refinement had occurred in parallel with refinement of the retinotectal map. These results support the idea of a selective loss of axon collaterals from the inappropriate brachium, though they do not exclude the possibility of some concurrent gain in the appropriate one. We suggest that refinement may depend on a process we term ‘sibling rivalry’: competition between different collaterals of the same axon to form a critical number of stable tectal synapses, in which the most- normally-routed branches have the best chance of succeeding and surviving. Developing normal axons might also make use of collateral formation and ‘sibling rivalry’ to generate and refine the complex interwoven patterns of the normal optic tract.
40
Morley, S. J., and V. M. Pain. "Hormone-induced meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes occurs independently of p70s6k activation and is associated with enhanced initiation factor (eIF)-4F phosphorylation and complex formation." Journal of Cell Science 108, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 1751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.108.4.1751.
Full textAbstract:
Hormone-induced meiotic maturation of the Xenopus oocyte is regulated by complex changes in protein phosphorylation. It is accompanied by a stimulation in the rate of translation, manifest at the level of polypeptide chain initiation. At laser times in the maturation process, this reflects an increased ability for mRNA to interact with the 40 S ribosomal subunit. In mammalian cells there is growing evidence for the regulation of translation by phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and of initiation factors responsible for the binding of mRNA to ribosomes. In this report, we show that although the 70 kDa form of S6 kinase is activated within 1.5 hours in response to progesterone or insulin, a time critical for protein synthesis, its activation is not required for hormone-induced stimulation of translation rates or maturation. In response to progesterone, activation of translation occurs in parallel with enhanced phosphate labelling of eIF-4 alpha and eIF-4 gamma and eIF-4F complex formation, events which are thought to facilitate the interaction of eIF-4F with the mRNA cap structure. However, with insulin, activation of translation occurs prior to detectable de novo phosphorylation of eIF-4F, although a small enhancement of turnover of phosphate on eIF-4 alpha may occur at this early time. With either hormone, enhanced phosphate labelling of eIF-4 alpha is shown to reflect activation of eIF-4 alpha kinase(s), which coincides temporally with activation of p42 MAP and p90rsk kinases. The possible role of initiation factor modification on increased translation rates during meiotic maturation is discussed.
41
Snijders, Ambrosius P. L., Jasper Walther, Stefan Peter, Iris Kinnman, Marjon G. J. de Vos, Harmen J. G. van de Werken, Stan J. J. Brouns, John van der Oost, and Phillip C. Wright. "Reconstruction of central carbon metabolism inSulfolobus solfataricus using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis map, stable isotope labelling and DNA microarray analysis." PROTEOMICS 6, no. 5 (March 2006): 1518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200402070.
Full text
42
Yao, W., P. Polewski, and P. Krzystek. "SEMANTIC LABELLING OF ULTRA DENSE MLS POINT CLOUDS IN URBAN ROAD CORRIDORS BASED ON FUSING CRF WITH SHAPE PRIORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 13, 2017): 971–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-971-2017.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a labelling method for the semantic analysis of ultra-high point density MLS data (up to 4000 points/m<sup>2</sup>) in urban road corridors is developed based on combining a conditional random field (CRF) for the context-based classification of 3D point clouds with shape priors. The CRF uses a Random Forest (RF) for generating the unary potentials of nodes and a variant of the contrastsensitive Potts model for the pair-wise potentials of node edges. The foundations of the classification are various geometric features derived by means of co-variance matrices and local accumulation map of spatial coordinates based on local neighbourhoods. Meanwhile, in order to cope with the ultra-high point density, a plane-based region growing method combined with a rule-based classifier is applied to first fix semantic labels for man-made objects. Once such kind of points that usually account for majority of entire data amount are pre-labeled; the CRF classifier can be solved by optimizing the discriminative probability for nodes within a subgraph structure excluded from pre-labeled nodes. The process can be viewed as an evidence fusion step inferring a degree of belief for point labelling from different sources. The MLS data used for this study were acquired by vehicle-borne Z+F phase-based laser scanner measurement, which permits the generation of a point cloud with an ultra-high sampling rate and accuracy. The test sites are parts of Munich City which is assumed to consist of seven object classes including impervious surfaces, tree, building roof/facade, low vegetation, vehicle and pole. The competitive classification performance can be explained by the diverse factors: e.g. the above ground height highlights the vertical dimension of houses, trees even cars, but also attributed to decision-level fusion of graph-based contextual classification approach with shape priors. The use of context-based classification methods mainly contributed to smoothing of labelling by removing outliers and the improvement in underrepresented object classes. In addition, the routine operation of a context-based classification for such high density MLS data becomes much more efficient being comparable to non-contextual classification schemes.
43
Weidner, Lorraine, Julia Lorenz, Franziska Dekorsy, Stefanie Quach, Victoria Ruf, Laura Bartos, Peter Hau, et al. "NIMG-106. WHAT’S BEHIND TSPO PET LABELLING: DIGGING FOR THE HISTOLOGICAL, CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR CORRELATES." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii189—vii190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.724.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract TSPO is frequently upregulated in glioblastoma. Despite its use as an imaging biomarker for PET in glioma, the interpretation is challenging due to the heterogeneity of cell populations that could contribute to the TSPO-PET signal. We therefore dissected TSPO labelling in connection with the underlying histopathological and molecular features in biopsy samples from glioma patients. Comparing regions of high and low TSPO-PET signal in 58 patients, we assessed TSPO protein expression and expression of cell differentiation markers by use of immunohistochemistry on consecutive sections and by multiplex stains. Our results suggest that apart from microglia and macrophages the glial tumor cells relevantly contribute to the overall TSPO signal in glioma patients. To identify hallmarks and GO terms associated with TSPO labelling/expression we next performed RNAseq in 33 patients. Using DESeq2 followed by FUMA and Reactome as well as GSEA with normalized counts, we identified three TSPO-dependent functional clusters, i.e. apoptosis/DNA repair, extracellular matrix organization and immune system. On the DNA level, we analyzed the TSPO promoter by direct bisulfite sequencing suggesting that a loss of TSPO methylation may mechanistically contribute to the TSPO overexpression observed in high-grade gliomas. Exceeding our investigations on glioma biopsies we stained tissue microarrays (130 individuals) for TSPO that cover a broader spectrum of both human brain pathologies (13 different entities) and non-neoplastic tissues (14 different brain regions). We here found a high degree of heterogeneity of TSPO expression between entities and regions. Merging this information with TSPO-PETs from respective patients/brain regions allows to generate a map of TSPO expression in healthy and diseased brain for clinical use. Altogether, our approach of integrating histological, molecular and imaging data will provide unique insights into TSPO-PET enrichment patterns which may help to better understand and to comprehensively describe the clinical relevance of this novel imaging biomarker.
44
Anderson, Peter, Daša Kokole, Eva Jané Llopis, Robyn Burton, and Dirk W. Lachenmeier. "Lower Strength Alcohol Products—A Realist Review-Based Road Map for European Policy Making." Nutrients 14, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 3779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183779.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reports the result of a realist review based on a theory of change that substitution of higher strength alcohol products with lower strength alcohol products leads to decreases in overall levels of alcohol consumption in populations and consumer groups. The paper summarizes the results of 128 publications across twelve different themes. European consumers are increasingly buying and drinking lower strength alcohol products over time, with some two fifths doing so to drink less alcohol. It tends to be younger more socially advantaged men, and existing heavier buyers and drinkers of alcohol, who take up lower strength alcohol products. Substitution leads to a lower number of grams of alcohol bought and drunk. Although based on limited studies, buying and drinking lower strength products do not appear to act as gateways to buying and drinking higher strength products. Producer companies are increasing the availability of lower strength alcohol products, particularly for beer, with extra costs of production offset by income from sales. Lower strength alcohol products tend to be marketed as compliments to, rather than substitutes of, existing alcohol consumption, with, to date, the impact of such marketing not evaluated. Production of lower strength alcohol products could impair the impact of existing alcohol policy through alibi marketing (using the brand of lower strength products to promote higher strength products), broadened normalization of drinking cultures, and pressure to weaken policies. In addition to increasing the availability of lower strength products and improved labelling, the key policy that favours substitution of higher strength alcohol products with lower strength products is an alcohol tax based on the dose of alcohol across all products.
45
Güran, Alican, Yanlong Ji, Pan Fang, Kuan-Ting Pan, Henning Urlaub, Metin Avkiran, and Christof Lenz. "Quantitative Analysis of the Cardiac Phosphoproteome in Response to Acute β-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation In Vivo." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (November 22, 2021): 12584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212584.
Full textAbstract:
β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation represents a major mechanism of modulating cardiac output. In spite of its fundamental importance, its molecular basis on the level of cell signalling has not been characterised in detail yet. We employed mass spectrometry-based proteome and phosphoproteome analysis using SuperSILAC (spike-in stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture) standardization to generate a comprehensive map of acute phosphoproteome changes in mice upon administration of isoprenaline (ISO), a synthetic β-AR agonist that targets both β1-AR and β2-AR subtypes. Our data describe 8597 quantitated phosphopeptides corresponding to 10,164 known and novel phospho-events from 2975 proteins. In total, 197 of these phospho-events showed significantly altered phosphorylation, indicating an intricate signalling network activated in response to β-AR stimulation. In addition, we unexpectedly detected significant cardiac expression and ISO-induced fragmentation of junctophilin-1, a junctophilin isoform hitherto only thought to be expressed in skeletal muscle. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025569.
46
Zhang, Xiaoyun, Jochen Spiegel, Sergio Martínez Cuesta, Santosh Adhikari, and Shankar Balasubramanian. "Chemical profiling of DNA G-quadruplex-interacting proteins in live cells." Nature Chemistry 13, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00736-9.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDNA–protein interactions regulate critical biological processes. Identifying proteins that bind to specific, functional genomic loci is essential to understand the underlying regulatory mechanisms on a molecular level. Here we describe a co-binding-mediated protein profiling (CMPP) strategy to investigate the interactome of DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) in native chromatin. CMPP involves cell-permeable, functionalized G4-ligand probes that bind endogenous G4s and subsequently crosslink to co-binding G4-interacting proteins in situ. We first showed the robustness of CMPP by proximity labelling of a G4 binding protein in vitro. Employing this approach in live cells, we then identified hundreds of putative G4-interacting proteins from various functional classes. Next, we confirmed a high G4-binding affinity and selectivity for several newly discovered G4 interactors in vitro, and we validated direct G4 interactions for a functionally important candidate in cellular chromatin using an independent approach. Our studies provide a chemical strategy to map protein interactions of specific nucleic acid features in living cells.
47
Zhao, Cheng, Li Sun, Pulak Purkait, Tom Duckett, and Rustam Stolkin. "Dense RGB-D Semantic Mapping with Pixel-Voxel Neural Network." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 3099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093099.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a novel Pixel-Voxel network is proposed for dense 3D semantic mapping, which can perform dense 3D mapping while simultaneously recognizing and labelling the semantic category each point in the 3D map. In our approach, we fully leverage the advantages of different modalities. That is, the PixelNet can learn the high-level contextual information from 2D RGB images, and the VoxelNet can learn 3D geometrical shapes from the 3D point cloud. Unlike the existing architecture that fuses score maps from different modalities with equal weights, we propose a softmax weighted fusion stack that adaptively learns the varying contributions of PixelNet and VoxelNet and fuses the score maps according to their respective confidence levels. Our approach achieved competitive results on both the SUN RGB-D and NYU V2 benchmarks, while the runtime of the proposed system is boosted to around 13 Hz, enabling near-real-time performance using an i7 eight-cores PC with a single Titan X GPU.
48
Thurlow, Crispin, and Adam Jaworski. "The discursive production and maintenance of class privilege: Permeable geographies, slippery rhetorics." Discourse & Society 28, no. 5 (July 7, 2017): 535–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926517713778.
Full textAbstract:
The underlying premise of this article is that the social meanings and cultural entanglements of the so-called super-rich or 1% reach far beyond any specific people or place. To be sure, the tightly managed, tailored spaces of super-elites are often less exclusive than first meets the eye, and the markers of super-elite status circulate in quite informal, banal ways. Drawing on a combination of textual and fieldwork data, we map three interlocking semiotic landscapes: the Luxury Travel Fair in London, the Burj al Arab hotel in Dubai and then ‘elite’ signage and ‘luxury’ labelling from around the world. Using this kind of discourse-ethnographic evidence, the point we make is a simple but, we believe, important one: the geographies of eliteness are deliberately permeable just as its rhetorics are strategically slippery. Indeed, the hegemonic power of contemporary class privilege lies precisely – albeit paradoxically – in a constantly maintained appearance of ubiquity, inclusivity and ordinariness.
49
De Blasi, R., A. Blonda, G. Pasquariello, D. Milella, F. Dicuonzo, A. Giancaspro, G. Satalino, A. Giannini, F. Ambrosi, and A. Carella. "An Approach with Neural Network to Detection of MRI Anatomy." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 7, no. 1 (February 1994): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099400700106.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper an artificial modular system applied to object classification in brain MR images is presented. It consists of two modules based on neural architectures joined in sequence to perform first an image segmentation and then an object classification. For these two steps a Self Organizing Map and a Multilayer Perceptron trained with the Back-Propagation learning rule have been used. The objective of the system is the automatic recognition of the anatomic structures in MR images of the cerebral section passing through the orbits and the visual pathways. To reach this goal we have submitted the two networks to a training phase realized by an unsupervised process for the image segmentation and by a supervised process for regions labelling. This last step has been based on topographic relations supplied by a medical expert. The system has been useful to discriminate 20 different classes of anatomic objects over the considered section. Preliminary results are presented.
50
Danoedoro, Projo. "Multisource classification for land-use mapping based on spectral, textural, and terrain information using landsat thematic mapper imagery: A Case Study of Semarang-Ungaran Area, Central Java." Indonesian Journal of Geography 35, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.57273.
Full textAbstract:
Automatic classification of remotely sensed digital data is recognised as a robust and efficient method for mapping various land-cover types over a large area. However when more abstract concept such as land-use is required the automatic classification methods cannot be fully useful. This is due to the fact that land-use is related to various landscape factors, and cannot be mapped merely based on its spectral reflectance. This study tried to develop a knowledge-based technique that incorporates textural and terrain information of the image scene into a spectral-based decision making process for land-use labelling. To do so. six reflective hands of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) covering Semarang-Ungaran area. Central Java, were used. In addition, all bands were then be filtered using the so-called textural filter, which can accentuate several statistical parameters within a given window. .1 variance parameter was chosen in order to extract heterogeneity within every 7x7 pixels. and the l'ariance values of the whole image dalaset were then stored as a set of texture-filtered bands. Three bands with the lowest 'between-band correlations' were chosen and added to the reflective bands. Based on the nine-layer image dataset, a standard multispectral classification using maximum likelihood algorithm was run. Parallel to this process, a visual interpretation using heads-up digitisation was carried out in order to generate a terrain unit map containing land characteristics relevant to spatial distribution of the land-use in the study area. Finally. the terrain unit map was superimposed with the tentative land-corer map derived from the multispectral classification process. A final land-use map was generated from the nnthisource data integration, controlled by a formalised knowledge about ecological relationship between land-cover. land-use, and land characteristics exist in the field. It was found that the overall accuracy level of the final land-use map is higher as compared to the result generated from six-band classification. However, the use of textural filter also created an 'edge-effect', which shows misclassified pixels alongside the borders of particular land-use categories. The edge-effect also leads to lower accuracy levels for the corresponding land-use categories. In addition, based on the research findings, further research agenda was also set up.