Relevant bibliographies by topics / Map labelling

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Map labelling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Map labelling"

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Hong, Fan, Zhang Zuxun, and Zhang Jianqing. "On automatic map labelling." Geo-spatial Information Science 5, no. 4 (January 2002): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02826479.

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Zhang, Qing-nian, and Lars Harrie. "Real-time map labelling for mobile applications." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 30, no. 6 (November 2006): 773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2006.02.004.

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Pokonieczny, Krzysztof, and Sylwia Borkowska. "Using artificial neural network for labelling polygon features in topographic maps." GeoScape 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0012.

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Abstract The purpose of this article was to present the methodology which enables automatic map labelling. This topic is particularly important in the context of the ongoing research into the full automation of visualization process of spatial data stored in the currently used topographic databases (e.g. OpenStreetMap, Vector Map Level 2, etc.). To carry out this task, the artificial neural network (multilayer perceptron) was used. The Vector Map Level 2 was used as a test database. The data for neural network learning (the reference label localization) was obtained from the military topographic map at scale 1 : 50 000. In the article, the method of applying artificial neural networks to the map labelling is presented. Detailed research was carried out on the basis of labels from the feature class “built-up area”. The results of the analyses revealed that it is possible to use the artificial intelligence computational methods to automate the process of placing labels on maps. The results showed that 65% of the labels were put on the topographic map in the same place as in the case of the labelling which was done manually by a cartographer. The obtained results can contribute both to the enhancement of the quality of cartographic visualization (e.g. in geoportals) and the partial elimination of the human factor in this process. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Map label placement is among key variables ensuring the usability of topographic maps across disciplines. • We present the neural network approach for automating the process of labelling topographic maps with locality names. • The presented case study applies to the military map in scale 1:50 000, but can be applied on other maps and geoportals.
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Yan, Jin Jiang, Zheng Zeng, and De Shan Liu. "A Research of Earthquake Marking System Based on 2D GIS with ArcGIS." Advanced Materials Research 902 (February 2014): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.902.405.

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Taking ArcEngine as the 2D map symbols marking systems development tool, this study designs a 2D GIS marking desktop application system byusing Ortho vector map as its basic map, and implements such functions as map navigation operation, labelling major targets of earthquake-stricken areas, animation deduction of emergency rescue solutions, and exporting emergency rescue plans, etc.
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Anderson, N. G., P. Li, L. A. Marsden, N. Williams, T. M. Roberts, and T. W. Sturgill. "Raf-1 is a potential substrate for mitogen-activated protein kinase in vivo." Biochemical Journal 277, no. 2 (July 15, 1991): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2770573.

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MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase is shown to phosphorylate baculovirally expressed Raf-1 in vitro, generating one major tryptic phosphopeptide which co-migrated with a peptide from Raf-1 32P-labelled in situ. This peptide also undergoes an insulin-dependent increase in labelling. Thus the serine/threonine kinase Raf-1 may be a substrate for MAP kinase in vivo.
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Robinson, Ralph W., and Gregory W. Erdos. "Immuno-electron microscopic identification of Methanosarcina spp. in anaerobic digester fluid." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-156.

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Whole cell antibodies against Methanosarcina mazei strain S6 were used with protein A – colloidal gold to identify bacteria in thin sections of samples from anaerobic methane producing digesters. It was possible to identify bacteria at the genus level and to show relatedness at the species and strain levels. Heavy labelling was observed on thin sections of the immunogenic strain S6. Lighter labelling was observed with pure cultures of M. mazei strain LYC. Pure cultures of Methanococcus voltae or Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum did not label. In samples from mesophilic sewage digesters, sarcinal colonies of bacteria similar to Methanosarcina showed heavy labelling per cell while colonies from 55 °C digesters show lighter labelling. A few free cocci, which were released from the sarcinal colonies, also labelled. Labelling was not observed on other bacterial forms in either set of digesters. These studies indicate that a collection of bacterial antibodies can be used to identify and map bacteria in situ in mixed samples.
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O’Farrell, Shay, James N. Sanchirico, Iliana Chollett, Marcy Cockrell, Steven A. Murawski, Jordan T. Watson, Alan Haynie, Andrew Strelcheck, and Larry Perruso. "Improving detection of short-duration fishing behaviour in vessel tracks by feature engineering of training data." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 5 (February 2, 2017): 1428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw244.

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Big data, such as vessel monitoring system (VMS) data, can provide valuable information on fishing behaviours. However, conventional methods of detecting behaviours in movement data are challenged when behaviours are briefer than signal resolution. We investigate options for improving detection accuracy for short-set fisheries using 581 648 position records from 181 vessels in the Gulf of Mexico bandit-reel fishery. We first investigate the effects of increasing VMS temporal resolution and find that detection accuracy improves with fishing-set duration. We then assess whether a feature engineering approach—in our case, changing the way pings are labelled when training a classifier—could improve detection accuracy. From a dataset of 12 184 observed sets, we find that the conventional point-labelling method results in only 49% of pings being correctly labelled as ‘fishing’, whereas a novel window-labelling method results in 88% of records being labelled as ‘fishing’. When the labelled data are used to train classifiers, point labelling attains true-positive/balanced-accuracy rates of only 37%/66%, whereas window labelling achieves 68%/83%. Finally, we map fishing distribution using the two methods, and show that point labelling underestimates the extent of fishing grounds by ∼33%, highlighting the benefits of window labelling in particular, and feature engineering approaches in general.
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Ai, Tinghua, and Yingzhe Lei. "Point Label Placement on Hexagonal Map Grids." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-4-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The past few decades have seen the development of automatically feature labelling when manual label placement was thought to be time and labour consuming. Emerging techniques like volunteered geographic information (VGI) collection are making label placement more complexed with many features in a limited space, especially for points of interest (POI). In order to improve the quality and the efficiency of point feature labelling, there have been massive researches focusing on issues like position models, assessment criteria and optimization methods. Most of the researches were using vector-based methods while raster-based methods were less used, because vector-based methods have the advantage of easy definition of features and labels but are usually followed by computation complexity problems for features with high density. In contrast raster-based methods are faster and more flexible, though being harder to represent features and labels precisely on the map grids. Considering that hexagon partitioning was rarely used in raster-based methods, compared with the most commonly used square portioning, and hexagon was potentially useful for its oblique sides and isotropic orientations, hexagonal grids were used in this research to investigate better point feature labelling approaches.</p><p>A new raster-based method was promoted to figure out high quality label placement of POI in dense area. Labels were placed on a hexagonal map grids based on the principles that one Chinese character is set to one hexagon unit with the mathematical relationship of <i>h</i>&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;((&amp;radic;3+1)/2)<i>a</i>, while <i>h</i> is the side length of a hexagon unit and <i>a</i> is the size of a Chinese character. Considering that hexagon grids are divided into flat topped type and pointy topped type, which leads to different orientations, split hexagons were promoted to extend orientations from 6 to 8 based on pointy topped grids. A hexagon is partitioned into two parts labelled ‘left’ and ‘right’ and a split hexagon is the combination of a ‘left’ part and a ‘right’ part separately from two neighboring hexagons, as shown in figure 1. Then every hexagon on the grid will have four status: not-occupied {(0,0)}, half-occupied {(0,1) and (1,0)} and both-occupied {(1,1)}. Based on the fundamental concepts above, specific definitions were made on how labels were supposed to be represented on hexagonal map grids, including the length, orientation, writing direction, character orientation and position of the labels.</p><p>The approach first initially arranges labels of POI with different combinations of label orientations while pursuing coherence as much as possible, including procedures of rasterization of vector data, POI grouping and initial scheme computation. Every POI in a same group would have same label orientation and every POI group may have several accessible orientations thus making initial schemes diverse. Then a second positioning algorithm was conducted to handle overlapping (labels with POI, labels with labels) problems and improve the overall quality of labelling. The algorithm used the methods of position changing and label turning, which allow label to change its position around POI and sometimes change the orientation when it is necessary to avoid collisions. Quality of labels in a closed block was assessed from three aspects: preferential orientation, occlusion and spaciousness. POI data was chosen from restaurant, hotel and shop facilities and figure 2 showed one of the examples of label placement results using this method. The results have shown good orientation consistency of labels and occlusions were reduced to the lowest, though several label-label occlusions remained due to the limited space. After being compared with vector-based method, the approach has shown better performance on maintaining map legibility, aesthetics and harmony.</p>
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Voženílek, Vít, and Alena Vondráková. "TACTILE MAPS BASED ON 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (July 24, 2015): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2014vol3.732.

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The authors present the research seeking evaluating and developing aspects of interpretation and perception of geospace by modern tactile maps based on 3D printing. There are three newly introduced types of tactile maps. Map of type A is a tactile map printed by 3D printing technology as traditional relief tactile map with 5 mm thick background using both positive and negative relief with labelling by Braille letters. Map of type B is an inverse form of tactile map printed by 3D printing technology which will be used for casting type A tactile maps. Finally map of type C is a sound tactile map derived from map of type A posed onto box with digital voice records of geoinformation (attributes, navigations etc.) activated by touch on maps surface. The paper also describes present situation in tactile maps production and steps in recent testing the new type maps.
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WATT, Stephen A., Gursant KULAR, Ian N. FLEMING, C. Peter DOWNES, and John M. LUCOCQ. "Subcellular localization of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate using the pleckstrin homology domain of phospholipase C δ1." Biochemical Journal 363, no. 3 (April 24, 2002): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3630657.

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Ptd(4,5)P2 is thought to promote and organize a wide range of cellular functions, including vesicular membrane traffic and cytoskeletal dynamics, by recruiting functional protein complexes to restricted locations in cellular membranes. However, little is known about the distribution of PtdIns(4,5)P2 in the cell at high resolution. We have used the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of phospholipase δ1 (PLCδ1), narrowly specific for PtdIns(4,5)P2, to map the distribution of the lipid in astrocytoma and A431 cells. We applied the glutathione S-transferase-tagged PLCδ1 PH domain (PLCδ1PH—GST) in an on-section labelling approach which avoids transfection procedures. Here we demonstrate PtdIns(4,5)P2 labelling in the plasma membrane, and also in intracellular membranes, including Golgi (mainly stack), endosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, as well as in electron-dense structures within the nucleus. At the plasma membrane, labelling was more concentrated over lamellipodia, but not in caveolae, which contained less than 10% of the total cell-surface labelling. A dramatic decrease in signal over labelled compartments was observed on preincubation with the cognate headgroup [Ins(1,4,5)P3], and plasma-membrane labelling was substantially decreased after stimulation with thrombin-receptor-activating peptide (SFLLRN in the one-letter amino acid code), a treatment which markedly diminishes PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels. Thus we have developed a highly selective method for mapping the PtdIns(4,5)P2 distribution within cells at high resolution, and our data provide direct evidence for this lipid at key functional locations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Map labelling"

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Idris, Nurul Hawani. "Credibility assessment and labelling of map mashups." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14381/.

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The Web 2.0 revolution has changed the culture of mapping by opening it up to a wider range of users and creators. Map mashups, in particular, are being widely used to map variety of information. There is, however, no gatekeeper to validate the correctness of the information presented. The purpose of this research was to understand better what it is that influence users’ perceived credibility and trust within a map mashup presentation and to support the future implementation of automated credibility assessment and labelling of map mashup applications. This research has been conducted in three stages using mixed method approaches. The objective of the first stage was to examine the influence of metadata related to sources, specifically the map producer and map supplier, on respondents’ assessment of the credibility of map mashup information. The findings indicate a low influence of the tested metadata and a high influence of visual cue elements on users’ credibility assessment. Only half of the respondents used the metadata whilst the other half did not include it in their assessment. These findings became the basis of stage two, which was to examine the influence of colour coded traffic light (CCTL) labelling on respondents’ assessment of credibility. From the findings, the probability of respondents making informed judgements by choosing a high credibility map based on this rating label (CCTL) was three times higher than where only the metadata was presented. The third stage was to propose a conceptual framework to support the implementation of automated credibility labelling for map mashup applications. The framework was proposed on the basis of thorough reviews from the literature. The suggested parameters and approaches are not limited to assess credibility of information in the map mashup context, but could be applied to other Web GIS applications.
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Do, Nascimento Hugo Alexandre Dantas. "User hints for optimisation processes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/591.

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Innovative improvements in the area of Human-Computer Interaction and User Interfaces have en-abled intuitive and effective applications for a variety of problems. On the other hand, there has also been the realization that several real-world optimization problems still cannot be totally auto-mated. Very often, user interaction is necessary for refining the optimization problem, managing the computational resources available, or validating or adjusting a computer-generated solution. This thesis investigates how humans can help optimization methods to solve such difficult prob-lems. It presents an interactive framework where users play a dynamic and important role by pro-viding hints. Hints are actions that help to insert domain knowledge, to escape from local minima, to reduce the space of solutions to be explored, or to avoid ambiguity when there is more than one optimal solution. Examples of user hints are adjustments of constraints and of an objective function, focusing automatic methods on a subproblem of higher importance, and manual changes of an ex-isting solution. User hints are given in an intuitive way through a graphical interface. Visualization tools are also included in order to inform about the state of the optimization process. We apply the User Hints framework to three combinatorial optimization problems: Graph Clus-tering, Graph Drawing and Map Labeling. Prototype systems are presented and evaluated for each problem. The results of the study indicate that optimization processes can benefit from human interaction. The main goal of this thesis is to list cases where human interaction is helpful, and provide an ar-chitecture for supporting interactive optimization. Our contributions include the general User Hints framework and particular implementations of it for each optimization problem. We also present a general process, with guidelines, for applying our framework to other optimization problems.
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Do, Nascimento Hugo Alexandre Dantas. "User hints for optimisation processes." University of Sydney. Information Technologies, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/591.

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Innovative improvements in the area of Human-Computer Interaction and User Interfaces have en-abled intuitive and effective applications for a variety of problems. On the other hand, there has also been the realization that several real-world optimization problems still cannot be totally auto-mated. Very often, user interaction is necessary for refining the optimization problem, managing the computational resources available, or validating or adjusting a computer-generated solution. This thesis investigates how humans can help optimization methods to solve such difficult prob-lems. It presents an interactive framework where users play a dynamic and important role by pro-viding hints. Hints are actions that help to insert domain knowledge, to escape from local minima, to reduce the space of solutions to be explored, or to avoid ambiguity when there is more than one optimal solution. Examples of user hints are adjustments of constraints and of an objective function, focusing automatic methods on a subproblem of higher importance, and manual changes of an ex-isting solution. User hints are given in an intuitive way through a graphical interface. Visualization tools are also included in order to inform about the state of the optimization process. We apply the User Hints framework to three combinatorial optimization problems: Graph Clus-tering, Graph Drawing and Map Labeling. Prototype systems are presented and evaluated for each problem. The results of the study indicate that optimization processes can benefit from human interaction. The main goal of this thesis is to list cases where human interaction is helpful, and provide an ar-chitecture for supporting interactive optimization. Our contributions include the general User Hints framework and particular implementations of it for each optimization problem. We also present a general process, with guidelines, for applying our framework to other optimization problems.
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Hoggatt, April Marie. "Mab anti-type I and Mab anti-zebrin II labelling in two siluriform fishes : the role of shared lineage versus shared function in polypeptide co-distributions." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902481.

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Two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), the newly generated mab anti-type I and the previously documented mab anti-zebrin II, were reacted with brainstem sections of two ostariophysan siluriforms, the gymnotoid Rhamphichthys rostratus and the siluroid Ictalurus punctatus. Mab anti-type I recognizes a 47 kD polypeptide present in the dendrites and soma of projection neurons. Mab anti-zebrin II recognizes a 36 kD polypeptide present throughout the neuronal cytoplasm, including the axon. Strongly type I immunopositive cells include all cerebellar Purkinje cells, pyramidal cells of the nucleus medialis, electrosensory lateral line lobe, and tectum, pacemaker relay cells, Mauthner neurons, lateral line ganglion cells, and cells of the reticular formation, lateral reticular nucleus, and inferior olive. Weakly reactive type I cells include neurons in the torus semicircularis, medial and efferent octavolateralis nuclei, magnocellular and lateral tegmentum, and motor neurons of the Vth, V I Ith, and Xth cranial nerves. All type I positive cells are projection neurons. Zebrin II expression is restricted to subsets of two cell types which also express the type I antigen -- Purkinje cells and developing acousticolateralis pyramidal cells. Both of these neurons develop from the region of the rhombic lip. Thus, the mutual expression of the type I antigen can be explained by the shared function of projection neurons, while the common expression of the zebrin II antigen may be due to a shared embryological lineage.
Department of Physiology and Health Science
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Janse, Van Vuuren Michaella. "Human Pose and Action Recognition using Negative Space Analysis." Diss., University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71571.

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This thesis proposes a novel approach to extracting pose information from image sequences. Current state of the art techniques focus exclusively on the image space occupied by the body for pose and action recognition. The method proposed here, however, focuses on the negative spaces: the areas surrounding the individual. This has resulted in the colour-coded negative space approach, an image preprocessing step that circumvents the need for complicated model fitting or template matching methods. The approach can be described as follows: negative spaces surrounding the human silhouette are extracted using horizontal and vertical scanning processes. These negative space areas are more numerous, and undergo more radical changes in shape than the single area occupied by the figure of the person performing an action. The colour-coded negative space representation is formed using the four binary images produced by the scanning processes. Features are then extracted from the colour-coded images. These are based on the percentage of area occupied by distinct coloured regions as well as the bounding box proportions. Pose clusters are identified using feedback from an independent action set. Subsequent images are classified using a simple Euclidean distance measure. An image sequence is thus temporally segmented into its corresponding pose representations. Action recognition simply becomes the detection of a temporally ordered sequence of poses that characterises the action. The method is purely vision-based, utilising monocular images with no need for body markers or special clothing. Two datasets were constructed using several actors performing different poses and actions. Some of these actions included actors waving their arms, sitting down or kicking a leg. These actions were recorded against a monochrome background to simplify the segmentation of the actors from the background. The actions were then recorded on DV cam and digitised into a data base. The silhouette images from these actions were isolated and placed in a frame or bounding box. The next step was to highlight the negative spaces using a directional scanning method. This scanning method colour-codes the negative spaces of each action. What became immediately apparent is that very distinctive colour patterns formed for different actions. To emphasise the action, different colours were allocated to negative spaces surrounding the image. For example, the space between the legs of an actor standing in a T - pose with legs apart would be allocated yellow, while the space below the arms were allocated different shades of green. The space surrounding the head would be different shades of purple. During an action when the actor moves one leg up in a kicking fashion, the yellow colour would increase. Inversely, when the actor closes his legs and puts them together, the yellow colour filling the negative space would decrease substantially. What also became apparent is that these coloured negative spaces are interdependent and that they influence each other during the course of an action. For example, when an actor lifts one of his legs, increasing the yellow-coded negative space, the green space between that leg and the arm decreases. This interrelationship between colours hold true for all poses and actions as presented in this thesis. In terms of pose recognition, it is significant that these colour coded negative spaces and the way the change during an action or a movement are substantial and instantly recognisable. Compare for example, looking at someone lifting an arm as opposed to seeing a vast negative space changing shape. In a controlled research environment, several actors were instructed to perform a number of different actions. After colour coding the negative spaces, it became apparent that every action can be recognised by a unique colour coded pattern. The challenge is to ascribe a numerical presentation, a mathematical quotation, to extract the essence of what is so visually apparent. The essence of pose recognition and it's measurability lies in the relationship between the colours in these negative spaces and how they impact on each other during a pose or an action. The simplest way of measuring this relationship is by calculating the percentage of each colour present during an action. These calculated percentages become the basis of pose and action recognition. By plotting these percentages on a graph confirms that the essence of these different actions and poses can in fact been captured and recognised. Despite variations in these traces caused by time differences, personal appearance and mannerisms, what emerged is a clear recognisable pattern that can be married to an action or different parts of an action. 7 Actors might lift their left leg, some slightly higher than others, some slower than others and these variations in terms of colour percentages would be recorded as a trace, but there would be very specific stages during the action where the traces would correspond, making the action recognisable.In conclusion, using negative space as a tool in human pose and tracking recognition presents an exiting research avenue because it is influenced less by variations such as difference in personal appearance and changes in the angle of observation. This approach is also simplistic and does not rely on complicated models and templates
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Masakapalli, Shyam Kumar. "Network flux analysis of central metabolism in plants." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ac8b3836-9ab7-4060-b50a-df8aaa0e4ba5.

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The aim of this thesis was to develop stable-isotope steady-state metabolic flux analysis (MFA) based on 13C labeling to quantify intracellular fluxes of central carbon metabolism in plants. The experiments focus on the analysis of a heterotrophic cell suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana (L) Heynh. (ecotype Landsberg erecta). The first objective was to develop a robust methodology based on combining high quality steady-state stable labeling data, metabolic modeling and computational analysis. A comprehensive analysis of the factors that influence the outcome of MFA was undertaken and best practice established. This allowed a critical analysis of the subcellular compartmentation of carbohydrate oxidation in the cell culture. The second objective was to apply the methodology to nutritional perturbations of the cell suspension. A comparison of growth on different nitrogen sources revealed that transfer to an ammonium-free medium: (i) increased flux through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) by 10% relative to glucose utilisation; (ii) caused a substantial decrease in entry of carbon into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA); and (iii) increased the carbon conversion efficiency from 55% to 69%. Although growth on nitrate alone might be expected to increase the demand for reductant, the cells responded by decreasing the assimilation of inorganic N. Cells were also grown in media containing different levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Comparison of the flux maps showed that decreasing Pi availability: (i) decreased flux through the oxPPP; (ii) increased the proportion of substrate fully oxidised by the TCA cycle; and (iii) decreased carbon conversion efficiency. These changes are consistent with redirection of metabolism away from biosynthesis towards cell maintenance as Pi is depleted. Although published genome-wide transcriptomic and metabolomic studies suggest that Pi starvation leads to the restructuring of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, the current analysis suggests that the impact on metabolic organisation is much less extreme.
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Book chapters on the topic "Map labelling"

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Jilani, Musfira, Padraig Corcoran, and Michela Bertolotto. "Probabilistic Graphical Modelling for Semantic Labelling of Crowdsourced Map Data." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 213–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23258-4_19.

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Verweij, Bram, and Karen Aardal. "An Optimisation Algorithm for Maximum Independent Set with Applications in Map Labelling." In Algorithms - ESA’ 99, 426–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48481-7_37.

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Straka, Jakub, Marta Sojčáková, and Róbert Fencík. "Model of the Dynamic Labelling of Populated Places in Slovakia for the Purposes of the State Map Series." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 31–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19602-2_3.

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Chuang, Kai-Hsiang, Frank Kober, and Min-Chi Ku. "Quantitative Analysis of Renal Perfusion by Arterial Spin Labeling." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 655–66. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_39.

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AbstractThe signal intensity differences measured by an arterial-spin-labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiment are proportional to the local perfusion, which can be quantified with kinetic modeling. Here we present a step-by-step tutorial for the data post-processing needed to calculate an ASL perfusion map. The process of developing an analysis software is described with the essential program code, which involves nonlinear fitting a tracer kinetic model to the ASL data. Key parameters for the quantification are the arterial transit time (ATT), which is the time the labeled blood takes to flow from the labeling area to the tissue, and the tissue T1. As ATT varies with vasculature, physiology, anesthesia and pathology, it is recommended to measure it using multiple delay times. The tutorial explains how to analyze ASL data with multiple delay times and a T1 map for quantification.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This analysis protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and experimental procedure.
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Sinzinger, H., and P. Fitscha. "Monitoring of Antithrombotic Activity by Platelet Labelling." In Early Phase Drug Evaluation in Man, 337–47. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10705-6_27.

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Neele, Thomas, Antti Valmari, and Tim A. C. Willemse. "The Inconsistent Labelling Problem of Stutter-Preserving Partial-Order Reduction." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 482–501. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45231-5_25.

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AbstractIn model checking, partial-order reduction (POR) is an effective technique to reduce the size of the state space. Stubborn sets are an established variant of POR and have seen many applications over the past 31 years. One of the early works on stubborn sets shows that a combination of several conditions on the reduction is sufficient to preserve stutter-trace equivalence, making stubborn sets suitable for model checking of linear-time properties. In this paper, we identify a flaw in the reasoning and show with a counter-example that stutter-trace equivalence is not necessarily preserved. We propose a solution together with an updated correctness proof. Furthermore, we analyse in which formalisms this problem may occur. The impact on practical implementations is limited, since they all compute a correct approximation of the theory.
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Naduvath, Sudev. "Modular Sumset Labelling of Graphs." In Number Theory and Its Applications. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92701.

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Graph labelling is an assignment of labels or weights to the vertices and/or edges of a graph. For a ground set X of integers, a sumset labelling of a graph is an injective map f:VG→PX such that the induced function f⊕:EG→PX is defined by f+uv=fu+fv, for all uv∈EG, where fu+fv is the sumset of the set-label, the vertices u and v. In this chapter, we discuss a special type of sumset labelling of a graph, called modular sumset labelling and its variations. We also discuss some interesting characteristics and structural properties of the graphs which admit these new types of graph labellings.
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Zhu, Meng, and Atta Badii. "Cross-Modal Semantic-Associative Labelling, Indexing and Retrieval of Multimodal Data." In Multiple Sensorial Media Advances and Applications, 234–57. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-821-7.ch012.

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Digitalised multimedia information today is typically represented in different modalities and distributed through various channels. The use of such a huge amount of data is highly dependent on effective and efficient cross-modal labelling, indexing and retrieval of multimodal information. In this Chapter, we mainly focus on the combining of the primary and collateral modalities of the information resource in an intelligent and effective way in order to provide better multimodal information understanding, classification, labelling and retrieval. Image and text are the two modalities we mainly talk about here. A novel framework for semantic-based collaterally cued image labelling had been proposed and implemented, aiming to automatically assign linguistic keywords to regions of interest in an image. A visual vocabulary was constructed based on manually labelled image segments. We use Euclidean distance and Gaussian distribution to map the low-level region-based image features to the high-level visual concepts defined in the visual vocabulary. Both the collateral content and context knowledge were extracted from the collateral textual modality to bias the mapping process. A semantic-based high-level image feature vector model was constructed based on the labelling results, and the performance of image retrieval using this feature vector model appears to outperform both content-based and text-based approaches in terms of its capability for combining both perceptual and conceptual similarity of the image content.
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Sinzinger, H., and P. Fitscha. "Monitoring of Antithrombotic Activity by Platelet Labelling." In Early Phase Drug Evaluation in Man, 337–47. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367812454-32.

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Roberts, Ian. "Word order and the Final-Over-Final Condition." In Parameter Hierarchies and Universal Grammar, 103–90. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804635.003.0003.

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This chapter develops an antisymmetric view of linearization, along the general lines of Kayne’s antisymmetry theory. A general alternative to earlier accounts of the Final-Over-Final Condition is developed based on Chomsky’s Labelling Algorithm, in particular the proposal that functional heads may vary in their capacity to autonomously label their categories. We propose that ‘weak’ functional categories lack this capacity, and trigger roll-up of their complement in order to effect this. Furthermore, a general version of the Strict Cycle is proposed which is also central to ‘generalized Universal 20 effects’. Finally, we formulate the parameter hierarchy for word-order variation (or, more precisely, for the roll-up movement which is a major determinant of word order across languages) in terms of the labelling-driven account of roll-up. We discuss both how the nature of the macro-, meso-, and microparameters making up that hierarchy can be deduced, and some of the empirical results.
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Conference papers on the topic "Map labelling"

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Bradstreet, Lucas, Luigi Barone, and Lyndon While. "Map-labelling with a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm." In the 2005 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068335.

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Amayo, Paul, Pedro Pinies, Lina M. Paz, and Paul Newman. "Fast Global Labelling for Depth-Map Improvement Via Architectural Priors." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2018.8460192.

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Gribben, Hugh, Paul Miller, Hongbin Wang, Kathryn Carson, Alan Hounsell, and Ashraf Zatari. "Automated MAP-MRF EM labelling for volume determination in PET." In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Macro to Nano (ISBI '08). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2008.4540917.

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Gribben, H., P. Miller, H. Wang, and M. Browne. "Automated Segmentation of Low-Light Level Imagery using Poisson MAP-MRF Labelling." In British Machine Vision Conference 2007. British Machine Vision Association, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5244/c.21.20.

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Landgraf, Zoe, Fabian Falck, Michael Bloesch, Stefan Leutenegger, and Andrew J. Davison. "Comparing View-Based and Map-Based Semantic Labelling in Real-Time SLAM." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9196843.

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Ganegedara, Hiran, Damminda Alahakoon, John Mashford, Andrew Paplinski, Karsten Muller, and Thomas M. Deserno. "Self organising map based region of interest labelling for automated defect identification in large sewer pipe image collections." In 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2012 - Brisbane). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252482.

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Tsai, Cheng-Han (Lance), and Jen-Yuan (James) Chang. "A New Approach to Enhance Artificial Intelligence for Robot Picking System Using Auto Picking Point Annotation." In ASME 2021 30th Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2021-65218.

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Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been widely used in different domains such as self-driving, automated optical inspection, and detection of object locations for the robotic pick and place operations. Although the current results of using AI in the mentioned fields are good, the biggest bottleneck for AI is the need for a vast amount of data and labeling of the corresponding answers for a sufficient training. Evidentially, these efforts still require significant manpower. If the quality of the labelling is unstable, the trained AI model becomes unstable and as consequence, so do the results. To resolve this issue, the auto annotation system is proposed in this paper with methods including (1) highly realistic model generation with real texture, (2) domain randomization algorithm in the simulator to automatically generate abundant and diverse images, and (3) visibility tracking algorithm to calculate the occlusion effect objects cause on each other for different picking strategy labels. From our experiments, we will show 10,000 images can be generated per hour, each having multiple objects and each object being labelled in different classes based on their visibility. Instance segmentation AI models can also be trained with these methods to verify the gaps between performance synthetic data for training and real data for testing, indicating that even at mAP 70 the mean average precision can reach 70%!
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Faure, Cynthia, Madalina Olteanu, Jean-Marc Bardet, and Jerome Lacaille. "Using self-organizing maps for clustering anc labelling aircraft engine data phases." In 2017 12th International Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps and Learning Vector Quantization, Clustering and Data Visualization (WSOM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsom.2017.8020013.

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Pinter, Istvan, Lorant Kovacs, Rajmund Drenyovszi, Andras Olah, and Kalman Tornai. "Jensen-Shannon divergence based algorithm for adaptive segmentation and labelling of household's electricity power consumption data series." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2016.7844518.

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Raissi Dehkordi, Maria, Sven Becker, Heinrich Sauer, Stefan Liebner, Werner Seeger, and Robert Voswinckel. "VE-Cadherin As A Specific Promoter For Genetic Labelling And Selection Of Pure Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells For Therapeutic Purposes." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a4968.

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Reports on the topic "Map labelling"

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Ullah, Rizwan, Gul Rahman, Tania Bibi, Muhammad Numan, and Andrea Semaničová-Fenovčíková. On 3‑total Edge Product Cordial Labelling of Octagonal Plane Map. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.11.02.

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Svinddal, Siri B. Allergen labelling and use of advisory labelling "May contain traces of [allergen]". Nordic Council of Ministers, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/tn2012-566.

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Social, Basis, and Bright Harbour. Precautionary Allergen Labelling Report and Non-Gluten Containing Ingredients Labelling Report. Food Standards Agency, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.dxq232.

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Precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) and precautionary allergen information aims to communicate whether one or more of the fourteen allergens regulated in the UK could be unintentionally present in a food product - for example, via ‘may contain’ or ‘produced in a factory which’ statements. This research explored experiences, interpretations, and views of PAL with businesses and consumers with food hypersensitivities in order to understand and improve how it is applied in future. In addition, the FSA conducted qualitative research with coeliac consumers on experiences, interpretations, and views of NCGI (non-gluten containing ingredients) notices. This research was conducted in tandem with wider research on precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) notices but has been reported separately given the different information provided by PAL and NCGI.
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Boaden, Dr Bill. Syringe labelling in anaesthesia and critical care areas: review 2022. Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21466/g.sliaacc.2022.

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This document replaces the Association of Anaesthetists’ previous guidance1 on this topic, following the publication of BS ISO 26825:2020. BS ISO 26825:2020 is the second edition of the standard for user-applied labels for syringes containing drugs used in anaesthesia. It technically revises, cancels and replaces the 2008 first edition. It gives requirements for labels attached to syringes so that the contents can be identified during anaesthesia and covers the colour, size, design and general properties of the label and the typographical characteristics of the wording for the drug name. Its purpose is solely for use in anaesthesia and as such covers a range of core drug groups. It is acknowledged that these labels may find a use in other critical care areas. The main technical reason for the revision of BS ISO 26825 was to improve the colour, size and design of the labels. Several labels were revised to take account of comments made regarding their clarity and possibility of confusion in use.
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Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Tabitha Hrynick, Elizabeth Benninger, Janet McGrath, and Santiago Ripoll. The COVID-19 YPAR Project: Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) to Explore the Context of Ethnic Minority Youth Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States and United Kingdom. Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.072.

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Despite progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates overall in the US and UK, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minoritised and/or deprived communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. COVID-19 ‘vaccine hesitancy’ is not just an issue of misinformation or lack of information. ‘Vaccine hesitancy’ among young people is reflective of wider issues such as mistrust in the state or the medical establishment and negative experiences during the pandemic. This report is based on case study research conducted among young people (ages 12-18) in Cleveland, Ohio, US and the London borough of Ealing, UK. Whilst public discourse may label young people as ‘vaccine hesitant,’ we found that there were differences based on social location and place and this labelling may portray young people as ‘ignorant.’ We found the greatest vaccine hesitancy among older youth (15+ years old), particularly those from minoritised and deprived communities. Unvaccinated youth were also more likely to be from families and friend groups that were unvaccinated. While some expressed distrust of the vaccines, others reported that COVID-19 prevention was not a priority in their lives, but instead concerns over food security, livelihood, and education take precedence. Minoritised youth were more likely to report negative experiences with authorities, including teachers at their schools and police in their communities. Our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is embedded in a context that drives relationships of mistrust between minoritised and deprived communities and the state, with implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Young people’s attitudes toward vaccines are further patterned by experiences within their community, school, family, and friend groups.
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Lucas, Brian. Behaviour Change Interventions for Energy Efficiency. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.138.

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Behavioural interventions are policies and programmes that incorporate insights from scientists who study human behaviour (such as psychology and behavioural economics), with the aim of encouraging socially desirable behaviours by removing barriers and creating incentives or disincentives (Cornago, 2021). Very few behavioural interventions for energy efficiency have been documented in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans, and none in North Macedonia. The limited experience that has been documented in the region consists of a few small trials which used behavioural principles to inform households about approaches to energy conservation, but none of these trials have demonstrated a significant effect on behaviour. Behavioural interventions have been widely used elsewhere in the world, particularly in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, and there are many studies evaluating their impacts in these regions (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182). This report focuses primarily on household energy efficiency, and particularly on the most widespread and well-documented interventions, which are those related to providing feedback on energy consumption and labelling consumer goods. Although behavioural interventions have been shown to produce significant impacts and to be cost-effective in many situations, the available evidence has some limitations. Many examples that have been documented are small-scale trials or pilot projects; large-scale, institutionalised policy interventions based on behavioural insights are rare (Users TCP and IEA, 2020, p. 22). In many studies, experiments with small sample sizes and short durations show larger impacts than larger and longer-term studies, suggesting that pilot studies may over-estimate the savings that might be achieved by large-scale programmes (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182; Erhardt-Martinez et al., 2010, p. iv). The amount of energy saved by behavioural interventions is often fairly small and varies widely from one programme to another, suggesting that the effectiveness of these interventions may be highly dependent on local context and on details of design and implementation. Finally, many studies rely on participants reporting their intentions, and on hypothetical rather than actual purchasing decisions, and some studies have found a divergence between stated intentions and actual behaviour (Grünig et al., 2010, p. 41; Users TCP and IEA, 2020, pp. 75–76; Yang et al., 2015, pp. 21–22).
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