Journal articles on the topic 'Map enumerations'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Map enumerations.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Map enumerations.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Liu, Yanpei. "On functional equations arising from map enumerations." Discrete Mathematics 123, no. 1-3 (December 1993): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(93)90009-i.
Full text
2
Mahmood, M. Kh, and L. Anwar. "The Iteration Digraphs of Lambert Map Over the Local Ring $mathbb{Z}/p^kmathbb{Z}$ : Structures and Enumerations." Iranian Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Informatics 17, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/ijmsi.17.2.307.
Full text
3
Chitekwe-Biti, Beth, Patience Mudimu, George Masimba Nyama, and Takudzwa Jera. "Developing an informal settlement upgrading protocol in Zimbabwe – the Epworth story." Environment and Urbanization 24, no. 1 (April 2012): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247812437138.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes how a settlement profile, mapping and enumeration of Magada, an informal settlement in the town of Epworth just outside Harare, provided the basis for an upgrading programme. This was both in terms of the needed information and in terms of agreement between the residents and their community organizations and local and national government. The local government’s agreement to support in situ upgrading was the first of its kind in Zimbabwe and it is the first settlement plan to include meaningful participation by residents in articulating their own development priorities and in influencing the design. The work to map and number each plot was undertaken by teams that included residents, supported by members of the Zimbabwe Homeless People’s Federation and its support NGO Dialogue on Shelter Trust, along with planning students. This was supported by high resolution satellite images and a GIS process was developed drawing in data from enumerations covering each household. A concept plan was developed and presented to residents and the local government to allow feedback. A survey of buildings showed where there were clusters of commercial activities and allowed mixed land uses to be accommodated in the upgrading plan. Guidelines were developed to show where the proposals contravened existing official standards and to justify what was proposed. The paper ends with a consideration of what still needs to be accomplished – including agreement on the re-alignment of plots, the means for transferring tenure and how to finance proposals. It is hoped that this initiative will lead to a protocol for in situ upgrading that can be used to inform the upgrading process in other cities in Zimbabwe.
4
Thorvaldsen, Gunnar. "Religion in the Census." Social Science History 38, no. 1-2 (2014): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.16.
Full textAbstract:
This article aims to clarify the scope of questions about religion in population censuses, and attempts to explain why such questions were included or left out of censuses taken in different nations and periods. The quantitative aspect is a fundamental question for students of religion interested in knowing where it is possible to rely on statistics about the size of confessional groups and their basic characteristics. A common use of the census in connection with religion has been to create aggregates about the size of different congregations by nation, and to cross-tabulate this with other variables such as gender, occupations, ethnicity, or regions. Enumerations with questions about religion were performed in many countries from the mid-nineteenth century, but questions about religious affiliation never entered the US censuses, and were left out of most censuses in many other countries as is indicated in the map in figure 1. We shall try to clarify how pressure was put on statistical bureaus, parliaments, and governments to promote or hinder the inclusion of questions about religion.
5
Cheung, Melissa, Jonathan J. Campbell, Robert J. Thomas, Julian Braybrook, and Jon Petzing. "Assessment of Automated Flow Cytometry Data Analysis Tools within Cell and Gene Therapy Manufacturing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 3224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063224.
Full textAbstract:
Flow cytometry is widely used within the manufacturing of cell and gene therapies to measure and characterise cells. Conventional manual data analysis relies heavily on operator judgement, presenting a major source of variation that can adversely impact the quality and predictive potential of therapies given to patients. Computational tools have the capacity to minimise operator variation and bias in flow cytometry data analysis; however, in many cases, confidence in these technologies has yet to be fully established mirrored by aspects of regulatory concern. Here, we employed synthetic flow cytometry datasets containing controlled population characteristics of separation, and normal/skew distributions to investigate the accuracy and reproducibility of six cell population identification tools, each of which implement different unsupervised clustering algorithms: Flock2, flowMeans, FlowSOM, PhenoGraph, SPADE3 and SWIFT (density-based, k-means, self-organising map, k-nearest neighbour, deterministic k-means, and model-based clustering, respectively). We found that outputs from software analysing the same reference synthetic dataset vary considerably and accuracy deteriorates as the cluster separation index falls below zero. Consequently, as clusters begin to merge, the flowMeans and Flock2 software platforms struggle to identify target clusters more than other platforms. Moreover, the presence of skewed cell populations resulted in poor performance from SWIFT, though FlowSOM, PhenoGraph and SPADE3 were relatively unaffected in comparison. These findings illustrate how novel flow cytometry synthetic datasets can be utilised to validate a range of automated cell identification methods, leading to enhanced confidence in the data quality of automated cell characterisations and enumerations.
6
Sun, Jinping, Qing Li, Xuwang Zhang, and Wei Sun. "An Efficient Implementation of Track-Oriented Multiple Hypothesis Tracker Using Graphical Model Approaches." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8061561.
Full textAbstract:
The multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT) is currently the preferred method for addressing data association problem in multitarget tracking (MTT) application. MHT seeks the most likely global hypothesis by enumerating all possible associations over time, which is equal to calculating maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate over the report data. Despite being a well-studied method, MHT remains challenging mostly because of the computational complexity of data association. In this paper, we describe an efficient method for solving the data association problem using graphical model approaches. The proposed method uses the graph representation to model the global hypothesis formation and subsequently applies an efficient message passing algorithm to obtain the MAP solution. Specifically, the graph representation of data association problem is formulated as a maximum weight independent set problem (MWISP), which translates the best global hypothesis formation into finding the maximum weight independent set on the graph. Then, a max-product belief propagation (MPBP) inference algorithm is applied to seek the most likely global hypotheses with the purpose of avoiding a brute force hypothesis enumeration procedure. The simulation results show that the proposed MPBP-MHT method can achieve better tracking performance than other algorithms in challenging tracking situations.
7
CHAMPARNAUD, J. M., and F. COULON. "ENUMERATING NONDETERMINISTIC AUTOMATA FOR A GIVEN LANGUAGE WITHOUT CONSTRUCTING THE CANONICAL AUTOMATON." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 16, no. 06 (December 2005): 1253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054105003790.
Full textAbstract:
Our aim is to enumerate all NFAs (nondeterministic finite automata) that recognize a given regular language [Formula: see text]. More precisely, we produce a set 𝔸 of automata such that each automaton A recognizing [Formula: see text] appears in 𝔸 up to the merging of some states and the addition of some transitions, that is, there is a surjective morphism that maps A onto an automaton of 𝔸. We provide a common theoretical framework, based on morphism properties, to previous works of Kameda and Weiner (1970), and of Sengoku (1992), whose issue is the minimization of NFAs. Our paper gives two incomparable enumeration techniques. Both proceed by enumerating a specific class of grid covers of the automaton map. The first one is related to the canonical automaton introduced by Carrez. The second one is based on new outcomes related to the relationship between grid covers and their projections.
8
Karsznia, Izabela. "How does the enumeration unit size influence spatial pattern recognition in choropleth maps? User study." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-161-2019.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The recognition and preservation of the characteristic elements of visualization are one of the fundamental principles of map design, especially in map generalization. As underlined by numerous authors, the importance of preserving or even highlighting the context of the visualization constitutes one of the more significant challenges in cartographic generalization (Mackaness W. A., Ruas A., and Sarjakoski L. T., 2007; Burghardt D., Duchêne C., and Mackaness W. A., 2014). Cartographic generalization, which tailors a map and other graphics to the map’s purpose, detail level, as well as the intended audience’s requirements; is a difficult but necessary task for the map designer. Without careful and meaningful generalization, maps will not convey the essential patterns contained in the data (Maceachren and Ganter, 1990; Mackaness and Edwards, 2002; Zhang and Guilbert, 2016; Yu 2018).</p><p>The research on cartographic generalization and pattern recognition concerning topographic maps is very rich. Since the 1960s, when the period of automated generalization began, the issues connected with pattern recognition and preservation were also being tackled from many aspects. These concerned point pattern preservation, including building typification (Regnauld 2001; Sester 2001; Ai and Liu 2002; Burghardt and Cecconi 2003; Yan and Weibel 2008; Yan and Li 2013; Bereuter and Weibel 2017; Yu 2018), line pattern recognition (Heinzle and Anders 2007; Yang B., Luan X., Li Q.,2010; Touya 2010; Wang 2012; Brewer et al. 2013; Shoman W., and Gülgen F., 2017), and polygon pattern analysis (Steiniger S., et al 2006; Atwood Williams and Wentz 2008; Sayidov and Weibel 2016).</p><p>On the other hand, in thematic mapping, especially in choropleth map design, cartographic generalization and pattern recognition also play an important role as they help to preserve and convey spatial information (Maceachren 1982). The effectiveness with which thematic maps communicate spatial information is reflected in previous research (Maceachren 1982). It is often associated with map complexity, which is influenced by many factors, including the number of classes, the degree of autocorrelation present in the data, the choice of class intervals, and the shape and size of the enumeration units (Mersy 1990). Map complexity is related to spatial pattern recognition and is often ‘regarded as the visual intricacy of the spatial patterns formed by the map symbols’ (Mersy 1990: 15) which form specific patterns that are important to preserve in the thematic map generalization process.</p><p>In thematic maps, generalization takes place when either the number of classes is decreased or the enumeration unit size is increased. While aspects related to optimal data classification methods and the number of classes have been extensively examined (Chang 1976; Chang 1977; Cox 1976; Dent 1999; Slocum et al. 2008; Cabello et al. 2010), the size of the enumeration unit as well as its influence on pattern recognition has not, so far, been the subject of in-depth empirical studies. Robinson (1984) notes that an enumeration unit which is too small in size in thematic map, results in a dispersed image and difficulty in perceiving characteristic elements in the data. A generalization level which is too small causes the image to be blurred and diffuse. As a result the user loses the picture of the whole, the context, and the characteristic elements of the structure – he or she is no longer able to see the relevant spatial patterns. At the same time, a generalization level which is too large, as expressed by the size of the enumeration unit in choropleth maps, also causes the characteristic elements in the data to be lost, as the visualization is too general. In both cases, a too strong simplification of the map pattern might result in the loss of valuable information for the map reader (Bregt and Wopereis 1990). Thus the enumeration unit size for thematic maps should be designed in such a way as to preserve specific global and local spatial patterns.</p><p>The challenge, therefore, is to find the optimal generalization level whereby the spatial patterns present in the data are adequately transformed and can be distinguished by the user. Thus the research goal is an attempt to answer the question as to whether specific presentation methods, namely choropleth maps with particular enumeration unit sizes, result in a more effective recognition of the characteristic patterns or trends in data. We also want to answer the question: do users prefer methods which have specific enumeration unit sizes? The presented research aims to answer where the approximate limit may lie, expressed by the enumeration unit size after which the user loses the possibility of correctly and effectively exploring the spatial patterns presented on thematic maps.</p><p>To answer this research question an empirical user study is being designed. In this study, we would like to investigate the effectiveness of conveying spatial patterns on choropleth maps using different enumeration unit sizes. Within the study, choropleth map variants will be compared to a symbol map presenting the phenomena in a discreet way. The symbol map being used as a reference for the choropleth maps can be treated as a presentation of the raw data. We will consider choropleth maps that have several hexagonal enumeration unit shape. Four enumeration unit sizes will be assessed. The users will be asked to evaluate the similarity of the choropleth map variants to the reference symbol map, and nominate their preferred map. An example of the stimuli to be presented to users is shown in Figure 1.</p><p>The empirical study will be conducted with over 100 high school students. The main assumptions, as well as the preliminary results of the user study, will be discussed. Within the user study, among other tasks, two task types concerning map reading at both a general and a detailed reading level are being planned. One task type concerns map reading, especially the possibilities for conveying spatial patterns at a general reading level. The second task type will concern map comprehension at a detailed reading level. We believe it will allow us to verify which size of enumeration unit works better at a particular map reading level. We also want to explore which enumeration unit size works better for a particular task type. The assumptions will be verified based on the usability performance metrics: the correctness, the speed of the users’ responses as well as the users’ preferences.</p>
9
Gastner, Michael T., Nihal Z. Miaji, and Adi Singhania. "Smooth Pycnophylactic Interpolation Produced by Density-Equalising Map Projections." Kartografija i geoinformacije 21, no. 37 (June 20, 2022): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32909/kg.21.37.3.
Full textAbstract:
A large amount of quantitative geospatial data is collected and aggregated in discrete enumeration units (e.g. countries or states). Smooth pycnophylactic interpolation aims to find a smooth, nonnegative function such that the area integral over each enumeration unit is equal to the aggregated data. Conventionally, smooth pycnophylactic interpolation is achieved by a cellular automaton algorithm that converts a piecewise constant function into an approximately smooth function defined on a grid of coordinates on an equal-area map. An alternative approach, proposed by Tobler in 1976, is to construct a density-equalising map projection in which areas of enumeration units are proportional to the aggregated data. A pycnophylactic interpolation can be obtained from the Jacobian of this projection. Here, we describe a software implementation of this method. Although solutions are not necessarily optimal in terms of predefined quantitative measures of smoothness, our method is computationally efficient and can potentially be used in tandem with other methods to accelerate convergence towards an optimal solution.
10
Karsznia, Izabela, Izabela Małgorzata Gołębiowska, Jolanta Korycka-Skorupa, and Tomasz Nowacki. "Searching for an Optimal Hexagonal Shaped Enumeration Unit Size for Effective Spatial Pattern Recognition in Choropleth Maps." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090576.
Full textAbstract:
Thoughtful consideration of the enumeration unit size in choropleth map design is important to ensure the correct communication of spatial information. However, the enumeration unit size and its influence on pattern conveying in choropleth maps have not yet been the subject of in-depth empirical studies. This research aims to address this gap. We focused on the issue concerning whether the ability to recognize spatial patterns on an Equal Area Unit Map is related to the hexagonal enumeration unit size, defined by the number of pixels. The aim is to indicate the range of the enumeration unit sizes, namely, at what point the upper and lower borders of the range where the spatial patterns start, and where the end is visible and recognizable by users. To address this problem, we conducted an empirical study with 488 users. The results show that the enumeration unit size has an impact on the users’ spatial pattern recognition abilities. Choropleth maps with enumeration unit sizes of 26, 52, and 104 pixels were, in the majority, indicated by participants as those most suitable for indicating spatial patterns. This was in contrast to choropleth maps with enumeration unit sizes of 1664 and 3328 pixels, which users indicated as not being useful. However, there were some exceptions to this general finding. Thus, determining the optimal enumeration unit size is a challenging task, and requires further insightful investigations.
11
Zvonkin, A. "Matrix integrals and map enumeration: An accessible introduction." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 26, no. 8-10 (October 1997): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7177(97)00210-0.
Full text
12
Zograf, P., and M. Kazarian. "Rationality in map and hypermap enumeration by genus." St. Petersburg Mathematical Journal 29, no. 3 (March 30, 2018): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/spmj/1501.
Full text
13
Stauffer, Beth A., Rebecca A. Schaffner, Catherine Wazniak, and David A. Caron. "Immunofluorescence Flow Cytometry Technique for Enumeration of the Brown-Tide Alga, Aureococcus anophagefferens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 22 (September 26, 2008): 6931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00996-08.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT A new immunologically based flow cytometry (IFCM) technique was developed to enumerate Aureococcus anophagefferens, a small pelagophyte alga that is the cause of “brown tides” in bays and estuaries of the mid-Atlantic states along the U.S. coast. The method utilizes a monoclonal antibody conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-MAb) to label the surface of A. anophagefferens cells which are then detected and enumerated by using a flow cytometer. Optimal conditions for FITC-MAb staining, including solution composition, incubation times, and FITC-MAb concentrations, were determined. The FITC-MAb method was tested for cross-reactivity with nontarget, similarly sized, photoautotrophic protists, and the method was compared to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the same MAb. Comparisons of the IFCM technique to traditional microscopy enumeration of cultures and spiked environmental samples showed consistent agreement over several orders of magnitude (r 2 > 0.99). Comparisons of the IFCM and ELISA techniques for enumerating cells from a predation experiment showed a substantial overestimation (up to 10 times higher) of the ELISA in the presence of consumers of A. anophagefferens, presumably due to egested cell fragments that retained antigenicity, using the ELISA method, but were not characterized as whole algal cells by the IFCM method. Application of the IFCM method to environmental “brown-tide” samples taken from the coastal bays of Maryland demonstrated its efficacy in resolving A. anophagefferens abundance levels throughout the course of a bloom and over a large range of abundance values. IFCM counts of the brown-tide alga from natural samples were consistently lower than those obtained using the ELISA method and were equivalent to those of the polyclonal immunofluorescence microscopy technique, since both methods discriminate intact cells. Overall, the IFCM approach was an accurate and relatively simple technique for the rapid enumeration of A. anophagefferens in natural samples over a wide range of abundance values (103 to 106 cells ml−1).
14
Sh. KALIMULLIN, I. "DEFINABILITY OF THE JUMP OPERATOR IN THE ENUMERATION DEGREES." Journal of Mathematical Logic 03, no. 02 (November 2003): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219061303000285.
Full text
15
Bousquet-Mélou, Mireille, and Arnaud Jehanne. "Polynomial equations with one catalytic variable, algebraic series and map enumeration." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B 96, no. 5 (September 2006): 623–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jctb.2005.12.003.
Full text
16
BESANA, Alberto, and Cristina MARTINEZ. "Combinatorial enumeration of cyclic covers of P1." TURKISH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS 42, no. 4 (July 24, 2018): 2018–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/mat-1610-84.
Full text
17
Reis, Elizabeth, Paula Vicente, Álvaro Rosa, and Catarina Marques. "Methodology to design a Map of Alert for population and housing censuses: The Portuguese case." Methodological Innovations 10, no. 2 (July 2017): 205979911770312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059799117703120.
Full textAbstract:
The Portuguese Population and Housing Census is carried out every 10 years by Statistics Portugal. In the Census 2011, a new tool was developed to assist the Quality Assurance system in order to make the monitoring of fieldwork operations more efficient and thus diminish the uncertainties that could cause coverage error in the results. This tool, named as Map of Alert, presents a three-level typology of alert that ensures advance knowledge of the potential risk of each freguesia’s failure to meet the quality standards defined for the enumeration process. This article describes the methodological process that guided the development of the Map of Alert and presents the Map itself.
18
Wolf, Marc, and WOLF François. "Primality test and primes enumeration using odd numbers indexation." Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 11–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/tmlai.82.8054.
Full textAbstract:
Odd numbers can be indexed by the map k(n)=(n-3)⁄2,n∈2N+3. We first propose a basic primality test using this index function that was first introduced in [8]. Input size of operations is reduced which improves computational time by a constant. We then apply similar techniques to Atkin’s prime-numbers sieve which uses modulus operations and finally to Pritchard’s wheel sieve, in both case yielding similar results.
19
shaik, Fathimabi, RBV Subramanyam, and DVLN Somayajulu. "Map-Reduce based Multiple Sub-Graph Enumeration Using Dominating-Set Graph Partition." International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business 9, no. 2 (March 8, 2017): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijieeb.2017.02.05.
Full text
20
Song, De Rui, Ke Cao, and Yu Hao. "The Implement of Parcel Sea Map Automatic Mapping Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 1891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1891.
Full textAbstract:
Parcel Sea Map mapping is currently implemented by manual, which causes the task tedious and error prone. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes an automatic mapping method for Parcel Sea Map. The boundary point data are basic mapping elements, which are obtained from sea cadastral survey. The mapping result can be demonstrated by two aspects: convex polygon and concave polygon. For convex polygon, well known left-turn and convex hull algorithms are adopted. For concave polygon, two algorithms are proposed. One is enumeration and the other is cutting algorithm. The above two mapping results can finally be determined by the inspector from sea cadastral survey. Experiments show that Parcel Sea Map automatic mapping can efficiently reduce the manual burden of present mapping.
21
Foddai, Antonio C. G., and Irene R. Grant. "A novel one-day phage-based test for rapid detection and enumeration of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cows’ milk." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104, no. 21 (September 24, 2020): 9399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10909-0.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Bacteriophage-based methods for the rapid detection of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in veterinary specimens are a recent addition to the Johne’s disease diagnostic toolbox. Here, we report the use of D29 mycobacteriophage-coated tosylactivated paramagnetic beads to capture and concentrate MAP cells from samples (termed phagomagnetic separation, PhMS) and then naturally lyse viable MAP cells (from the inside out) to provide DNA for IS900 qPCR purposes. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that D29 phages had bound to beads in the correct orientation and that the phage-coated beads captured MAP cells from a suspension. During test optimization, conventional IS900 PCR results were used to subjectively assess the effect of different phage:bead coating ratios, differing amounts of coated beads during PhMS, optimal incubation time post-PhMS to obtain maximal MAP DNA, and the potential benefit of a brief heat shock (55 °C/1 min) prior to IS900 TaqMan qPCR. The limit of detection 50% (LOD50%) of the optimised PhMS-qPCR assay was 10.00 MAP cells/50 ml milk (95% CI 1.20–82.83). Finally, in order to demonstrate the new assay’s ability to detect viable MAP in naturally contaminated milk, bulk tank milk samples from 100 dairy farms were tested. Forty-nine (49%) of these tested PhMS-qPCR-positive, with viable MAP numbers detected ranging from 3–126 MAP/50 ml. The novel PhMS-qPCR assay is a sensitive, specific and easy-to-apply phage-based assay for viable MAP, with potential application for milk surveillance or diagnosis of Johne’s disease. Key points • Phage-coated magnetic beads could capture, concentrate and lyse MAP cells from milk. • PhMS-qPCR assay proved to be a rapid, sensitive and specific test for viable MAP. • A potential application of PhMS-qPCR assay for milk surveillance was demonstrated.
22
Noy, Marc, Clément Requilé, and Juanjo Rué. "Enumeration of rooted 3-connected bipartite planar maps." Pure Mathematics and Applications 30, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/puma-2022-0015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We provide the first solution to the problem of counting rooted 3-connected bipartite planar maps. Our starting point is the enumeration of bicoloured planar maps according to the number of edges and monochromatic edges, following Bernardi and Bousquet-Mélou [J. Comb. Theory Ser. B (2011)]. The decomposition of a map into 2- and 3-connected components allows us to obtain the generating functions of 2- and 3-connected bicoloured maps. Setting to zero the variable marking monochromatic edges we obtain the generating function of 3-connected bipartite maps, which is algebraic of degree 26. We deduce from it an asymptotic estimate for the number of 3-connected bipartite planar maps of the form t · n −5/2 γ n , where γ = ρ −1 ≈ 2.40958 and ρ ≈ 0.41501 is an algebraic number of degree 10.
23
Mao, Linfan, Yanpei Liu, and Erling Wei. "The Semi-Arc Automorphism Group of a Graph with Application to Map Enumeration." Graphs and Combinatorics 22, no. 1 (April 2006): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00373-006-0637-4.
Full text
24
Nikitopoulos, Konstantinos, Athanasios Karachalios, and Dionysios Reisis. "Exact Max-Log MAP Soft-Output Sphere Decoding via Approximate Schnorr–Euchner Enumeration." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 64, no. 6 (June 2015): 2749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2014.2346253.
Full text
25
Kumar Chandra Gupta, A., P. Kumar, and P. Kumar Sharma. "DEVELOPMENT OF GEOSPATIAL MAP BASED PORTAL FOR DELIMITATION OF MCD WARDS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 12, 2017): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-49-2017.
Full textAbstract:
The Geospatial Delhi Limited (GSDL), a Govt. of NCT of Delhi Company formed in order to provide the geospatial information of National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD) to the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) and its organs such as DDA, MCD, DJB, State Election Department, DMRC etc., for the benefit of all citizens of Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD). <br><br> This paper describes the development of Geospatial Map based Portal for Delimitation of MCD Wards (GMPDW) and election of 3 Municipal Corporations of NCT of Delhi. The portal has been developed as a map based spatial decision support system (SDSS) for delimitation of MCD Wards and draw of peripheral wards boundaries to planning and management of MCD Election process of State Election Commission, and as an MCD election related information searching tools (Polling Station, MCD Wards and Assembly constituency etc.,) for the citizens of NCTD. The GMPDW is based on Client-Server architecture model. It has been developed using Arc GIS Server 10.0 with .NET (pronounced dot net) technology. The GMPDW is scalable to enterprise SDSS with enterprise Geo Database & Virtual Private Network (VPN) connectivity. <br><br> Spatial data to GMPDW includes Enumeration Block (EB) and Enumeration Blocks Group (EBG) boundaries of Citizens of Delhi, Assembly Constituency, Parliamentary Constituency, Election District, Landmark locations of Polling Stations & basic amenities (Police Stations, Hospitals, Schools and Fire Stations etc.). GMPDW could help achieve not only the desired transparency and easiness in planning process but also facilitates through efficient & effective tools for management of MCD election. It enables a faster response to the changing ground realities in the development planning, owing to its in-built scientific approach and open-ended design.
26
YANG, XIAO, JAROSLAW ZOLA, and SRINIVAS ALURU. "LARGE-SCALE METAGENOMIC SEQUENCE CLUSTERING ON MAP-REDUCE CLUSTERS." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 11, no. 01 (February 2013): 1340001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720013400015.
Full textAbstract:
Taxonomic clustering of species from millions of DNA fragments sequenced from their genomes is an important and frequently arising problem in metagenomics. In this paper, we present a parallel algorithm for taxonomic clustering of large metagenomic samples with support for overlapping clusters. We develop sketching techniques, akin to those created for web document clustering, to deduce significant similarities between pairs of sequences without resorting to expensive all vs. all comparison. We formulate the metagenomic classification problem as that of maximal quasi-clique enumeration in the resulting similarity graph, at multiple levels of the hierarchy as prescribed by different similarity thresholds. We cast execution of the underlying algorithmic steps as applications of the map-reduce framework to achieve a cloud ready implementation. We show that the resulting framework can produce high quality clustering of metagenomic samples consisting of millions of reads, in reasonable time limits, when executed on a modest size cluster.
27
Nowacki, Tomasz. "Choropleth map – which data type should I use?" Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-274-2019.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The rules for choropleth map design have not been fully established. One of the controversial issues is the characteristics of the quantitative data which is accepted for the creation of choropleth maps. There are two ways of expressing data: absolute and relative.</p><p>Absolute data should be understood as pure data which is not related to any other data. This type of data is the result of measuring or counting. Relative data is data which is associated with other data and expressed as a fraction. The division of data into the two categories is widely accepted by cartographers, but the way in which they are interpreted varies. Determining what absolute data is, seems simple. On the other hand it is not so evident how to choose between the several different terms that are used to determine how relative data is described.</p><p>The dividing of the data types into more detailed parts at first leads to separation into four main types of data:</p><ul><li>absolute unprocessed – e.g. number of Toyota cars sold (Fig. 1a);</li><li>absolute processed – e.g. percentage of Toyota cars sold (Fig. 1b);</li><li>relative unprocessed – e.g. average points scored of the Spanish language exam (Fig. 1c);</li><li>relative processed – e.g. average percentage of points scored in the Spanish language exam (Fig. 1d).</li></ul><p>Some data types cannot be classified either as relative or absolute. This approach leads to indirect data types, for example:</p><ul><li>data that can be considered to be absolute processed, and relative unprocessed (e.g. the number of cars per family in Poland, treated as the total number of cars related to the number of families or the average number of cars per family),</li><li>data that can be classified as absolute processed, and relative processed (e.g. the increase in the average number of cars per family in Poland in the last decade).</li></ul><p>The occurrence of a problem with an ambiguous data type classification leads to a situation in which different types of data are used to create choropleth maps. It is necessary to make an extension to the classification of data types, and indicate which of these categorically cannot be used for choropleth maps.</p><p>For choropleth maps, cartographers accept the use of different types of relative data, which can also be unrelated to area. At the same time, many cartographers are convinced that absolute data should be presented using a proportional symbol map. Visualising absolute data using choropleth maps seems to be inappropriate due to difficulties in interpreting the data resulting from the different sizes of enumeration units. When reading a choropleth map based on absolute data, the size of the enumeration units should be omitted.</p><p>It seems that the perception of choropleth maps created for relative data, and which are not calculated taking into account the area of the enumeration units, should be just as difficult as the perception is of choropleth maps created for absolute data.</p><p>The opinion that absolute data cannot be used to elaborate choropleth maps is unacceptable. In this study, the relationship between the difficulty in using absolute data presented on choropleth maps and the profit resulting from graphical continuity, which is a great advantage of this form of cartographic presentation, was considered. This study contains empirical research on the choropleth maps created for absolut and relative, unprocessed and processed data. The research was conducted in Poland in 2019. There were over 500 participants. They were asked to analyse maps and solve different types of tasks. The time and correctness of response were examined to look for differences between the maps created for different data types. The research verified whether relative and absolute data work better when are presented by choropleth maps or proportional symbols.</p>
28
Chern, Eunice C., Dawn King, Richard Haugland, and Stacy Pfaller. "Evaluation of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays targeting Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, and M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis in drinking water biofilms." Journal of Water and Health 13, no. 1 (August 30, 2014): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.060.
Full textAbstract:
Mycobacterium avium (MA), Mycobacterium intracellulare (MI), and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) are difficult to culture due to their slow growing nature. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method for the rapid detection of MA, MI, and MAP can be used to provide data supporting drinking water biofilms as potential sources of human exposure. The aim of this study was to characterize two qPCR assays targeting partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of MA and MI and use these assays, along with two previously reported MAP qPCR assays (IS900 and Target 251), to investigate Mycobacterium occurrence in kitchen faucet biofilms. MA and MI qPCR assays demonstrated 100% specificity and sensitivity when evaluated against 18 non-MA complex, 76 MA, and 17 MI isolates. Both assays detected approximately 1,000 cells from a diluted cell stock inoculated on a sampling swab 100% of the time. DNA analysis by qPCR indicated that 35.3, 56.9 and 11.8% of the 51 kitchen faucet biofilm samples collected contained MA, MI, and MAP, respectively. This study introduces novel qPCR assays designed to specifically detect MA and MI in biofilm. Results support the use of qPCR as an alternative to culture for detection and enumeration of MA, MI, and MAP in microbiologically complex samples.
29
Vasilyuk, F. E. "The Topography of the Subject Field of Christian Psychology." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 24, no. 5 (2016): 72–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2016240505.
Full textAbstract:
The task of constitutionalization of Christian psychology as a specific discipline pre- sumes methodological enumeration of its population: scientific, educational and practice-oriented projects. Current article presents a tryout of a tool, that allows to to- pographically link each project to certain coordinates on a map of Christian psychology subject field. Analyses revealed uncommon qualities of such a map. The main of these qualities is a topological plasticity, a capacity to adaptively change the metric of zones and fields in order to insert specific project unaltered. Such a procedure allows to describe an individual “methodological profile” of a project. The technology of analyses tested in current work opens up an opportunity for methodological arrange- ment of the subject-thematical field of Christian psychology, which is a necessary condition for its constitutionalization and entering a “critical” phase of its development.
30
Wen, Gang, Qin Deng, Ting-Lin Huang, and Jun Ma. "An improved method for determining microbially available phosphorus in drinking water." Water Supply 16, no. 4 (March 15, 2016): 1149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.036.
Full textAbstract:
Microbially available phosphorus (MAP) is the labile phosphorus that is readily assimilated by microorganisms, which is linearly correlated to bacterial re-growth in drinking water in some regions. The conventional MAP bioassay for drinking water was originally developed by Markku based on the growth potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 (P17). However, the bioassay bears some demerits, such as time-consuming and labor-intensive enumeration. For convenience, an alternative method based on a similar principle was developed to assess the content of MAP in drinking water, in which natural microbial consortium was used as inoculum instead of pure culture P17, cell number was counted using flow cytometry (FCM), and cultivation at 30 °C was adopted. Natural microbial consortium is able to efficiently utilize organic phosphorus and exhibit high sensitivity since more cells are produced per μg P utilized. FCM is a rapid method to count all bacteria growing in drinking water. With incubation temperature increasing up to 30 °C, there is a shorter test period (64 h), excellent sensitivity and better utilization efficiency for organic phosphorus. The results show that the developed bioassay is sensitive, time-saving and easily operated.
31
Whitehead, Ken, Chris H. Hugenholtz, Stephen Myshak, Owen Brown, Adam LeClair, Aaron Tamminga, Thomas E. Barchyn, Brian Moorman, and Brett Eaton. "Remote sensing of the environment with small unmanned aircraft systems (UASs), part 2: scientific and commercial applications." Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 02, no. 03 (September 1, 2014): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2014-0007.
Full textAbstract:
Small unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) are often suited to applications where the cost, resolution, and (or) operational inflexibility of conventional remote sensing platforms is limiting. Remote sensing with small UASs is still relatively new, and there is limited understanding of how the data are acquired and used for scientific purposes and decision making. This paper provides practical guidance about the opportunities and limitations of small UAS-based remote sensing by highlighting a small sample of scientific and commercial case studies. Case studies span four themes: (i) mapping, which includes case studies to measure aggregate stockpile volumes and map river habitat; (ii) feature detection, which includes case studies on grassland image classification and detection of agricultural crop infection; (iii) wildlife and animal enumeration, with case studies describing the detection of fish concentrations during a major salmon spawning event, and cattle enumeration at a concentrated animal feeding operation; (iv) landscape dynamics with a case study of arctic glacier change. Collectively, these case studies only represent a fraction of possible remote sensing applications using small UASs, but they provide insight into potential challenges and outcomes, and help clarify the opportunities and limitations that UAS technology offers for remote sensing of the environment.
32
Yamashita, Meguru, Kiwamu Sato, and Akio Doi. "Implementation and Evaluation of a Collaborative Lyric-Writing Support System Using a Lyric Association Map." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 6, no. 4 (April 2, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti6040023.
Full textAbstract:
In many popular songs, lyrics are an important element. The act of collaborative lyric writing by multiple people may produce richer ideas than creative acts by individuals. However, if all members of a songwriting group do not accurately share the elements which are considered to be important in songwriting (i.e., story, character, viewpoint, and line of sight), then it would be difficult for ideas to diverge and converge, which is important in a creative act. In the present paper, we propose a collaborative lyric conception support method, which consists of lyric divergence support using a lyric association map (LAM) based on radial thinking in mind mapping and lyric convergence support using an enumeration of lyric candidate sentences created from the conceived lyric candidates. The visualization of the process of conception in a group facilitates the association, sharing, examination, and consideration of lyrics.
33
OSCAR, T. P. "An Approach for Mapping the Number and Distribution of Salmonella Contamination on the Poultry Carcass†." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.9.1785.
Full textAbstract:
Mapping the number and distribution of Salmonella on poultry carcasses will help guide better design of processing procedures to reduce or eliminate this human pathogen from poultry. A selective plating media with multiple antibiotics (xylose-lysine agar medium [XL] containing N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) and the antibiotics chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin [XLH-CATS]) and a multiple-antibiotic-resistant strain (ATCC 700408) of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104) were used to develop an enumeration method for mapping the number and distribution of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 on the carcasses of young chickens in the Cornish game hen class. The enumeration method was based on the concept that the time to detection by drop plating on XLH-CATS during incubation of whole chicken parts in buffered peptone water would be inversely related to the initial log number (N0)of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 on the chicken part. The sampling plan for mapping involved dividing the chicken into 12 parts, which ranged in average size from 36 to 80 g. To develop the enumeration method, whole parts were spot inoculated with 0 to 6 log Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, incubated in 300 ml of buffered peptone water, and detected on XLH-CATS by drop plating. An inverse relationship between detection time on XLH-CATS and N0 was found (r =−0.984). The standard curve was similar for the individual chicken parts and therefore, a single standard curve for all 12 chicken parts was developed. The final standard curve, which contained a 95% prediction interval for providing stochastic results for N0, had high goodness of fit (r2 = 0.968) and was N0 (log) = 7.78 ± 0.61 − (0.995 × detention time). Ninety-five percent of N0 were within ± 0.61 log of the standard curve. The enumeration method and sampling plan will be used in future studies to map changes in the number and distribution of Salmonella on carcasses of young chickens fed the DT104 strain used in standard curve development and subjected to different processing procedures.
34
Frolova, Marta, Jurģis Zemītis, Kristina Tihomirova, Linda Mežule, Jānis Rubulis, Kamila Gruškeviča, and Tālis Juhna. "APPROBATION OF MICROBIALLY AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS (MAP) DETERMINATION METHOD BY FLOW CYTOMETRY." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 15, 2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol1.2533.
Full textAbstract:
Phosphorus (P) is among the most important nutrients required for bacterial growth. It has a great influence on microbial activity even at very small concentrations. Existing chemical methods are not able to determine P at low enough concentrations and to quantify biologically available phosphorus fractions. Therefore, a method of microbially available phosphorus (MAP) determination is used to quantify the amount of P at concentrations below 20 µg/l. Additionally, this method determines the amount of P that can be directly used by microorganisms.
Originally it was determined by inoculating sample by Pseudomonas fluorescens (now Ps. brenneri) P17 strain and spread-plated on R2A agar for enumeration. Further, a more rapid method was developed by replacing heterotrophic plate count (HPC) by flow cytometry (FCM).
In this paper the use of FCM for MAP determination is validated and compared with HPC method. The results of calibration are presented. The original pure P17 strain was used as inoculum and standards with different PO4-P concentrations were inoculated at 30°C. The gained yield factor by FCM was 1.59x108. FCM results showed strong correlation (R2=0.99) with HPC results, as pure culture was used. Therefore, flow cytometry is a rapid alternative to heterotrophic plate count method for microbially available phosphorus determination.
35
Burgiel, Heidi, and Mahmoud El-Hashash. "Open questions on Tantrix graphs." Mathematical Gazette 101, no. 550 (February 3, 2017): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2017.8.
Full textAbstract:
TantrixTM tiles are black hexagons imprinted with three coloured paths [1] joining pairs of edges. There are three different kinds of path. One is a straight line going from an edge to the opposite edge, one a circular arc joining adjacent edges and one an arc of larger radius joining alternate edges (or two apart). Tiles can be rotated but, since they are opaque, they cannot be turned over. A careful enumeration would indicate that, identifying tiles under rotation but not under reflection, there are 16 such tiles. However, the two tiles consisting of three straight lines (meeting at the centre of the hexagon) are not part of the set, so actually there are only 14 different tiles. The game is played by matching tiles to connect paths of the same colour; the goal is to create loops or long paths of a single colour This easy to learn yet hard to master game has inspired research on strategy (e.g. [2]) and complexity (e.g. [3]).
36
Kimura, Kenji, and Saburo Higuchi. "Monte Carlo estimation of the number of tatami tilings." International Journal of Modern Physics C 27, no. 11 (August 29, 2016): 1650128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918311650128x.
Full textAbstract:
Motivated by the way Japanese tatami mats are placed on the floor, we consider domino tilings with a constraint and estimate the number of such tilings of plane regions. We map the system onto a monomer-dimer model with a novel local interaction on the dual lattice. We make use of a variant of the Hamiltonian replica exchange Monte Carlo method where data for ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic models are combined to make a single family of histograms. The properties of the density of states is studied beyond exact enumeration and combinatorial methods. The logarithm of the number of the tilings is linear in the boundary length of the region for all the regions studied.
37
Knops, A., M. Piazza, R. Sengupta, E. Eger, and D. Melcher. "A Shared, Flexible Neural Map Architecture Reflects Capacity Limits in Both Visual Short-Term Memory and Enumeration." Journal of Neuroscience 34, no. 30 (July 23, 2014): 9857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2758-13.2014.
Full text
38
Martha, Sukendra. "The Analysis of Geospatial Information for Validating Some Numbers of Islands in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Geography 49, no. 2 (December 27, 2017): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.12792.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses a comparison of various numbers of islands in Indonesia; and it addresses a valid method of accounting or enumerating numbers of islands in Indonesia. Methodology used is an analysis to compare the different number of islands from various sources. First, some numbers of Indonesian islands were derived from: (i) Centre for Survey and Mapping- Indonesian Arm Forces (Pussurta ABRI) recorded as 17,508 islands; (ii) Agency for Geospatial Information (BIG) previously known as National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping (Bakosurtanal) as national mapping authority reported with 17,506 islands (after loosing islands of Sipadan and Ligitan); (iii) Ministry of Internal Affair published 17,504 islands. Many parties have referred the number of 17,504 islands even though it has not yet been supported by back-up documents; (iv) Hidrographic Office of Indonesian Navy has released with numbers of 17,499; (v) Other sources indicated different numbers of islands, and indeed will imply to people confusion. In the other hand, the number of 13,466 named islands has a strong document (Gazetteer). Second, enumerating the total number of islands in Indonesia can be proposed by three ways: (i) island census through toponimic survey, (ii) using map, and (iii) applying remote sensing images. Third, the procedures of searching valid result in number of islands is by remote sensing approach - high resolution satellite images. The result of this work implies the needs of one geospatial data source (including total numbers of islands) in the form of ‘One Map Policy’ that will impact in the improvement of Indonesian geographic data administration.
39
Yu, Alexander T., Rajani Shakya, Bikram Adhikari, Dipesh Tamrakar, Krista Vaidya, Stace Maples, Kashmira Date, et al. "A Cluster-based, Spatial-sampling Method for Assessing Household Healthcare Utilization Patterns in Resource-limited Settings." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, Supplement_3 (November 1, 2020): S239—S247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1310.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Implementation of population-based surveys is resource intensive and logistically demanding, especially in areas with rapidly changing demographics and incomplete or no enumeration of the underlying population and their residences. To remove the need for pre-enumeration and to simplify field logistics for the population healthcare utilization survey used for the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project in Nepal, we incorporated a geographic information system–based geosurvey and field mapping system into a single-stage cluster sampling approach. Methods A survey was administered to ascertain healthcare-seeking behavior in individuals with recent suspected enteric fever. Catchment areas were based on residential addresses of enteric fever patients using study facilities; clusters were randomly selected from digitally created grids using available satellite images and all households within clusters were offered enrollment. A tablet-compatible geosurvey and mapping system that allowed for data-syncing and use in areas without cellular data was created using the ArcGIS suite of software. Results Between January 2017 and November 2018, we surveyed 25 521 households in Nepal (16 769 in urban Kathmandu and 8752 in periurban Kavrepalanchok), representing 84 202 individuals. Overall, the survey participation rate was 90.9%, with geographic heterogeneity in participation rates within each catchment area. Areas with higher average household wealth had lower participation rates. Conclusion A geographic information system–based geosurvey and field mapping system allowed creation of a virtual household map at the same time as survey administration, enabling a single-stage cluster sampling method to assess healthcare utilization in Nepal for the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project . This system removed the need for pre-enumeration of households in sampling areas, simplified logistics and could be replicated in future community surveys.
40
Schiewe, Jochen. "Distortion Effects in Equal Area Unit Maps." KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 71, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42489-021-00072-5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMaps that correctly represent the geographic size and shape of regions, taking into account scaling and generalization, have the disadvantage that small regions can easily be overlooked or not seen at all. Hence, for some map use tasks where small regions are of importance, alternative map types are needed. One option is the so-called equal area unit maps (EAUMs), where every enumeration unit has the same area size, possibly also the same basic shape such as squares or hexagons. The geometrical distortion of EAUMs, however, leads to a more difficult search for regions as well as a falsification of topological relationships and spatial patterns. To describe these distortions, a set of analytical measures is proposed. But it turns out that the expressiveness of these measures is rather limited. To better understand and to model the influence of distortions, two user studies were conducted. The study on the search in EAUMs (also with the aim of reconstruct the search strategies of the users) revealed how important it is to consider the local topology (e.g. corner or border positions of regions) during the generation process. With regard to pattern identification, it could be shown that EAUMs significantly increase the detection rate of local extreme values. On the other hand, global lateral gradients or geostatistical hot spots often get blurred or even lost. As a consequence, a task-oriented selection of map types and further developments are recommended.
41
Xin, Hai, Shao Jing Fu, and Chao Li. "On the Number of Balanced Even-Variable Boolean Functions with Maximum Algebraic Immunity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 1647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.1647.
Full textAbstract:
Enumeration of Boolean functions with maximum algebraic immunity (MAI) is investigated in this paper. The even-variable Boolean functions with maximum AI were divided into 3 classes. First, we can obtain the number of the first two classes, and then we give a construction which provides large number of Boolean functions with maximum AI belong to the third classes. As a result, the lower bound on the number of balanced even-variable Boolean functions with maximum AI was improved.
42
Gessner, A., D. Moskophidis, and F. Lehmann-Grube. "Enumeration of single IFN-gamma-producing cells in mice during viral and bacterial infection." Journal of Immunology 142, no. 4 (February 15, 1989): 1293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.142.4.1293.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A solid phase immunoenzymatic technique was employed for detecting single IFN-gamma-producing cells (IFN-gamma PC) in the mouse. After infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or Listeria monocytogenes, the numbers of IFN-gamma PC in spleens began to rise on day 4, attained maxima on days 7 and 8, and declined thereafter. Negative selection in vitro by use of mAb and C allowed phenotypic identification of the producer cells; most, if not all, carried Thy-1, and approximately one half expressed CD4, the other half, CD8. Depletion of cells in vivo by treatment of mice with mAb led to somewhat different results; again, anti-Thy-1 antibody eliminated essentially all IFN-gamma PC, but considerably more than 50% were either CD4+ or CD8+, suggesting regulatory interactions between these T lymphocyte subsets with regard to generation of the lymphokine.
43
Bruzelius, Emilie, Matthew Le, Avi Kenny, Jordan Downey, Matteo Danieletto, Aaron Baum, Patrick Doupe, Bruno Silva, Philip J. Landrigan, and Prabhjot Singh. "Satellite images and machine learning can identify remote communities to facilitate access to health services." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 8-9 (August 1, 2019): 806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz111.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective Community health systems operating in remote areas require accurate information about where people live to efficiently provide services across large regions. We sought to determine whether a machine learning analyses of satellite imagery can be used to map remote communities to facilitate service delivery and planning. Materials and Methods We developed a method for mapping communities using a deep learning approach that excels at detecting objects within images. We trained an algorithm to detect individual buildings, then examined building clusters to identify groupings suggestive of communities. The approach was validated in southeastern Liberia, by comparing algorithmically generated results with community location data collected manually by enumerators and community health workers. Results The deep learning approach achieved 86.47% positive predictive value and 79.49% sensitivity with respect to individual building detection. The approach identified 75.67% (n = 451) of communities registered through the community enumeration process, and identified an additional 167 potential communities not previously registered. Several instances of false positives and false negatives were identified. Discussion Analysis of satellite images is a promising solution for mapping remote communities rapidly, and with relatively low costs. Further research is needed to determine whether the communities identified algorithmically, but not registered in the manual enumeration process, are currently inhabited. Conclusions To our knowledge, this study represents the first effort to apply image recognition algorithms to rural healthcare delivery. Results suggest that these methods have the potential to enhance community health worker scale-up efforts in underserved remote communities.
44
Mandal, Ramasheshwar, Srijana Karki, and Bishnu Hari Pandit. "Application of Google earth in carbon assessment and monitoring in agroforestry: a study from Ratanpur, Nepal." MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences 6, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2021.06.00234.
Full textAbstract:
The carbon assessment and monitoring in small scale forests like agroforests are difficult tasks but it creates enormous opportunity as carbon credit. This study aims to assess carbon sequestration potential in agroforestry including soil carbon using google earth imageries. Agroforestry of Ratanpur village in Tanahun district Nepal was selected as the study site. Total agroforests of 19 farmers were selected as the experimental and no agroforests area of 4 farmers were selected as the control site. The high resolution imageries of 2020 and 2015 were acquired from Google earth pro. The digitization was done to classify the image into agriculture, agroforestry, natural trees, settlement areas and others. Total enumeration was done to measure the diameter and height of the plants (tree species) planted in the agro-forest. Moreover, total 69 soil samples were collected from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depth. The biomass was calculated using Chave et al. equation while soil carbon was analyzed using Walkley Black method. The biomass was converted into carbon which was used to calculate mean annual carbon increment. The result showed the highest carbon stock was 17.6 kg/ stand of Paulownia tomentosa. Total carbon sequestration potential was 2057.689 kg and its monetary value was US$ 30.863. The mean soil carbon stock of agro-forest was higher 52.92 ton/ha than this of 50.3 ton/ha in agriculture site. The map showed it was 7.63 ha agroforest in map of 2020. The overall accuracy of map of 2015 was 90.91% with Kappa coefficient 0.86 but these values were 80.65% and 0.74 respectively of map of 2020. One-way ANOVA and Post hoc test showed that there was significant difference in species wise carbon stock per stand at 95% confidence level. The research will be useful to understand the carbon stock in agroforestry practices.
45
De Martino, A., D. Granata, E. Marinari, C. Martelli, and V. Van Kerrebroeck. "Optimal Fluxes, Reaction Replaceability, and Response to Enzymopathies in the Human Red Blood Cell." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/415148.
Full textAbstract:
Characterizing the capabilities, key dependencies, and response to perturbations of genome-scale metabolic networks is a basic problem with important applications. A key question concerns the identification of the potentially most harmful reaction knockouts. The integration of combinatorial methods with sampling techniques to explore the space of viable flux states may provide crucial insights on this issue. We assess the replaceability of every metabolic conversion in the human red blood cell by enumerating the alternative paths from substrate to product, obtaining a complete map of he potential damage of single enzymopathies. Sampling the space of optimal steady state fluxes in the healthy and in the mutated cell reveals both correlations and complementarity between topologic and dynamical aspects.
46
MacEachren, A. M., C. A. Brewer, and L. W. Pickle. "Visualizing Georeferenced Data: Representing Reliability of Health Statistics." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, no. 9 (September 1998): 1547–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a301547.
Full textAbstract:
The power of human vision to synthesize information and recognize pattern is fundamental to the success of visualization as a scientific method. This same power can mislead investigators who use visualization to explore georeferenced data—if data reliability is not addressed directly in the visualization process. Here, we apply an integrated cognitive-semiotic approach to devise and test three methods for depicting reliability of georeferenced health data. The first method makes use of adjacent maps, one for data and one for reliability. This form of paired representation is compared to two methods in which data and reliability are spatially coincident (on a single map). A novel method for coincident visually separable depiction of data and data reliability on mortality maps (using a color fill to represent data and a texture overlay to represent reliability) is found to be effective in allowing map users to recognize unreliable data without interfering with their ability to notice clusters and characterize patterns in mortality rates. A coincident visually integral depiction (using color characteristics to represent both data and reliability) is found to inhibit perception of clusters that contain some enumeration units with unreliable data, and to make it difficult for users to consider data and reliability independently.
47
Rozhkov, V. A., S. V. Rozhkova, P. V. Kravets, and D. E. Konyushkov. "INFOSOIL - an information-reference system for soil recognition and classification in Russia." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 79 (July 1, 2015): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2015-79-3-22.
Full textAbstract:
INFOSOIL is a new information-reference system aimed at elaborating purposeful classifications of soils by using a definite set of soil features. The stages and procedures of this system permit to determine the maximum number of objects taking into complete account their most informative features, the method and quality of objects grouping into classes as well as to recognize newly presented soils to be classified. This system should be named as a generator or engine of soil classifications developed for different purposes; it is based on the concept of enumeration classification, thus connecting a totality of soil features to meet requirements of the soil classification. The amount of features (classifier positions) determines the maximum number of objects and brings them in correspondence. It is shown how is realized the suggested approach in practice; the position of soils in the classification system is indicated. In this paper the first INFOSOIL version (www.infosoil) is presented to show the development of its real possibilities and accessibility for users and classification authors. In the system the interfaces are envisaged with the soil-geographical database, the State register of soil resources and the Soil map, 1: 2.5 M scale. In essence the system contains the soil classification system widely adopted now (2004), the automated guide to determine the soils (2008) and creates all the conditions for its further development. INFOSOIL has being elaborated as an intellectual information system that includes the MERON system, algorithm means to create new enumeration classifications as well as to use and study the available classifications.
48
Shpitalni, M. "A Theoretical Examination of Switching Functions for Solid Modeling Data Structures." Journal of Engineering for Industry 108, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187037.
Full textAbstract:
The role of geometrical modeling is of increasing importance in the field of CAD/CAM. In the present paper a new concept is presented for geometric modeling of the data structure using volumetric representation via switching functions in a Gray coded space (3-D Karnaugh map). The data structure consists of a single generic cuboid primitive which may vary in size and aspect ratios. This provides for more generalized and flexible object representation than uniform spatial occupancy enumeration. The combination of a single primitive, Gray coded space, and representation via switching functions yields a very efficient data structure oriented toward set operations which can be carried out via a simple assembler program or a parallel logic processor. As objects are represented by a nonhierarchial list of fixed format terms, uniform algorithms can be used to perform given tasks regardless of object shape, dimensions, or complexity.
49
Caron, David A., Mark R. Dennett, Dawn M. Moran, Rebecca A. Schaffner, Darcy J. Lonsdale, Christopher J. Gobler, Robert Nuzzi, and Tim I. McLean. "Development and Application of a Monoclonal-Antibody Technique for Counting Aureococcus anophagefferens, an Alga Causing Recurrent Brown Tides in the Mid-Atlantic United States." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 9 (September 2003): 5492–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.9.5492-5502.2003.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT A method was developed for the rapid detection and enumeration of Aureococcus anophagefferens, the cause of harmful algal blooms called “brown tides” in estuaries of the Mid-Atlantic United States. The method employs a monoclonal antibody (MAb) and a colorimetric, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format. The MAb obtained exhibits high reactivity with A. anophagefferens and very low cross-reactivities with a phylogenetically diverse array of other protists and bacteria. Standard curves are constructed for each 96-well microtiter plate by using known amounts of a preserved culture of A. anophagefferens. This approach allows estimation of the abundance of the alga in natural samples. The MAb method was compared to an existing method that employs polyclonal antibodies and epifluorescence microscopy and to direct microscopic counts of A. anophagefferens in samples with high abundances of the alga. The MAb method provided increased quantitative accuracy and greatly reduced sample processing time. A spatial survey of several Long Island estuaries in May 2000 using this new approach documented a range of abundances of A. anophagefferens in these bays spanning nearly 3 orders of magnitude.
50
Kotova, T. V., and G. N. Ogureeva. "Biogeographiс approaches to ecological mapping." Geobotanical mapping, no. 2007 (2007): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/2007.23.
Full textAbstract:
The means for improving of the information capacity of ecological maps have been discussed with special accent on zoocomponent usually underestimated. The concept of ecoregion has been applicated in the course of work on the new map "Bioms of Russia" (S 1 : 8 000 000). Three levels of mapping units has been proposed: 1) zono- and orobioms, 2) ecoregions, 3) regional bioms. The first one is based upon the dominance of one or several zonal vegetation types, zoocomponent being characterized by the share of different vertebrate classes in species diversity of animal population. The concept of ecoregion reflects provincial features of subdivisions such as formation diversity, ecological-coenotic spectra of plants, trophic-demension groups, genera diversity of animal population, presence of endemic species and relic communities. Regional biom (main mapping unit) is characterized by the dominating growth forms, coenotical composition of plant formations and by the original combinations of types of territorial animal groupings with the enumeration of prevailing types and their species composition.