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Griffiths, Paul. "Nutrient dynamics in manure amended grasslands." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10198/.
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Following the surface application of different fertiliser treatments (cattle slurry, cattle manure, and inorganic fertiliser) to grassed hillslopes, the transport of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was monitored on controlled plots. The plots measured 30 m by 5 m, the lower 10 m acting as an untreated buffer zone, in order to examine the effect of following current codes of practice when applying fertilisers (MAFF and WOAD, 1991). Surface and sub-surface nutrient flow pathways were monitored, by sampling water from the saturated and unsaturated zones of the soil profile, and from surface runoff. Sub-surface flow was dominated by N03--N. However, concentrations of this N species were relatively low (3-6 mg 1-1), and differences between treatments and the control were not significant. Generally, this indicated immobilisation of N species and P fractions, outputs in plant uptake and possibly to atmosphere (denitrification). For surface runoff, concentrations of N and P from treated plots were significantly higher than those from the control. N was largely present as organic-N and NH4+-N for the slurry and manure (15 mg 1-1 and 5 mg 1-1 respectively), and as NH4+-N and N03--N for the inorganic fertiliser (20 mg 1-1 in both cases). P was largely present as P04--P (0.5 mg 1-1 for manure and slurry, 10 mg 1-1 for inorganic fertiliser), except for the manure treatment, where some 75 % of the total was organic-P. The 10 m buffer was effective in reducing the delivery of N and P in surface runoff, differences between the treatments and the control being rendered insignificant. This result was qualified in terms of the ratio of the buffer area to the treated area and the relatively low surface loads of N and P observed. N and P transport was then examined under less controlled conditions at the field to headwater catchment scale (4-18 ha). Sub-surface throughflow was associated with similar concentrations of N03--N (3-8 mg 1-1) and very low concentrations of P04--P (0.03-0.1 mg 1-1). These concentrations appeared to vary more in relation to seasonal changes in the level of discharge from the catchment than to changes in land-use, which implied that N and P in sub-surface throughflow was transport rather than supply limited. This was in broad agreement with observations made at the plot scale. At this larger scale, fluctuations in the concentrations of NH4+-N and P04--P occurred during rainfall events in response to what was probably the short-term occurrence of surface runoff from partial source areas of reduced infiltration capacity or variable source areas of saturation. These short-term fluctuations implied variations in topography and the distribution of surface derived N and P at the catchment scale. There was evidence of the occurrence of preferential flow during field experiments at both scales, which had important implications for the timing and magnitude of N and P transport. Finally, a functional and semi-distributed mathematical model was constructed to operate at the headwater catchment scale, and the effect of spatial variability in the interaction between land-use and topography on the transport of N and P was considered further.
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Newell, Cory W. "Nutrient flow and manure management in the mink industry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ49417.pdf.
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Hill, Stephanie R. "Manure and Nutrient Accretion, Partitioning, and Excretion in Holstein Heifers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29978.
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Considerable changes have occurred in environmental regulations in recent years, only one of which is the requirement of stand alone heifer operations and feedlots to carry environmental permits. While growth of heifers is a widely researched topic, publications concerning nutrient utilization, partitioning, and excretion are scarce and are becoming necessary. That combined with the fact that feeding programs for heifers are highly variable from region to region and even from farm to farm indicated the need to examine the effects of diet on nutrient utilization. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate how differences in levels of dietary protein and energy will affect growth and nutrient utilization in heifers from birth to calving. Two projects were conducted, one in 20 month old bred heifers where forage level in the diet was altered to provide the required nutrients in less feed and one in young calves where energy and protein content of the milk replacer was altered. Three diets were fed to 18 (n=6), 20 month old heifers who were in late gestation; the first was the high forage (HF) ration which was 90.7% forage and 9.3% concentrate, the second was a by-product (BP) ration which was designed to have the same level of fiber as the HF ration, however soybean hulls and cottonseed hulls were added at the sacrifice of the grain mix which increased the fiber content; the last ration was the low forage (LF) which was 54.7% concentrate and 45.3% forage and was fed at ~89% of the ad libitum intake of heifers fed the HF ration. Heifers fed the HF ration had greater fecal excretion compared to those fed LF, however heifers fed the LF ration exceeded the heifers fed HF and BP by 4.5 and 2.5 times, respectively, in urine volume excretion (40.2 vs. 8.9 and 16.9 kg/d, respectively). Although total N excretion (kg/d) was not different, heifers fed the LF ration tended to partition more N to urine than to feces. Phosphorus excretion in the feces was not different, however heifers fed HF and BP tended to have greater fecal P (P < 0.06). Urinary P excretion was less in heifers fed HF and BP compared to LF, however these heifers were excreting as much urinary P as a lactating cow.
Calves were purchased from a commercial dairy at 3 d old (± 1d) and transported to the VT Dairy Center. They remained on study until 63 d when they were harvested for body composition. Four treatment diets were fed; a control milk replacer (24/17; 24% CP, 17% Fat), a high protein, low fat (32/17; 32% CP, 17% Fat), a high protein, high fat (31/24, 31% CP, 24% fat), and that same 31/24 milk replacer fed at 1460 g/d powder (31/24+). Calves were offered a 20% cottonseed hull starter at 1 d after arrival to the VT Dairy Center. Calves fed 24/17 consumed more starter than those fed the other milk replacers and therefore had a lower apparent digestibility and greater fecal excretion. Fecal N excretion was not different, although calves fed 24/17 tended to have greater fecal N excretion. Urinary N excretion was higher in calves fed 31/24+ compared to those fed 31/24. Total N excretion and N retention were not different. Empty body weight (EBW) gain was greater in calves fed 31/24+ compared to 31/24, however those same calves also had a higher percent of EBW as fat. Calves fed 32/17 had the most lean gain (in the form of N gain) compared to those fed extra energy (31/24) and also had a higher N as a percent of EBW.
Limit feeding Holstein heifers late in gestation did not reduce nutrient excretion, however, more digestible nutrients were available to the heifer and fetus. Heifers in late gestation are likely over fed P and therefore excrete nearly everything they consume which has negative implications for nutrient management planning. Calves fed a low protein, low fat milk replacer did not grow as well as calves fed higher protein. Nitrogen retention and CP gain were higher when protein was at least 31% and fat was at least 17%. Feeding fat over 17% only increased fat gain and not CP gain. Overall, paying for extra nutrients in bred heifer diets seemed to be beneficial, however, feeding above 31% CP and 17% fat increased nutrient loss to the environment.Ph. D.
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Gedikoglu, Haluk McCann Laura. "Adoption of nutrient management practices." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6614.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 17, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Laura McCann. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Filho, Josà de Souza Oliveira. "Biogas production and nutrient recovery from biodegradation of swine manure." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16866.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThe production of renewable energy and fertilizer, through anaerobic biodegradation (AnBio) of waste from pig farming, presents itself as a strategic solution to minimize the negative effects associated with the large volume of manure generated in a small production space. However, further studies should be conducted to improve the understanding on the process and propose improvements. In this sense, this work was divided into three stages. In the first stage, a study was conducted to evaluate the changes that occur in organic matter and in organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of the solid fraction of pig manure (PM) using anaerobic bench-top reactors as a function of seven hydraulic retention times (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days of biodegradation) and compared with the raw manure. In the second stage, we developed a study of anaerobic co-digestion, in a semi-continuous reactor, using the PM and the industrial waste of tomato processing (WTP) at different mixing ratios, to improve the performance of digestion and establish the best ratio of the two substrates for the production of biogas and methane. The following proportions were used (% PM + % WTP): 10% + 90%, 20% + 80%, 30% + 70%, 50% + 50% and 40% + 60%. In the third stage, there was an innovative study to recover the N present in the digestate generated after AnBio, using semipermeable membranes made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) submerged in the material. This system consists of forcing the volatilization of N present in the digestate in the form of NH3 and then recover it in an acid solution of 1N H2SO4 flowing through the inside of the PTFE membrane. The N is recovered as the ammonium ion (NH4+), with potential for being used as fertilizer. Besides the digestate, raw pig manure (RPM) was used to compare the N recovery potential of both materials. The accumulation of the NH4+ formed was determined at nine sampling times (0, 7, 20, 30, 44, 54, 70, 79 and 93 hours). Based on the results obtained in the first stage, it was concluded that, during the digestion process, the organic matter of higher lability, represented by the carbon of the fulvic acid fraction and carbon oxidizable with 2.5 mL of H2SO4, was partially consumed, promoting the accumulation of recalcitrant organic matter at the end of the process. The contents of organic N and NH4+ reduced respectively by 45.2% and 54.2%, compared with their initial contents in the RPM, probably due to loss by volatilization. The P content reduced by 41.25% in relation to the initial content, due to the chemical precipitation of the inorganic fraction extractable in water with metallic cations within the reactor. In the case of co-digestion, increasing PM proportion to up to 30% of the feed mixture led to the maximum daily production of biogas (175 L) and the largest proportion of methane (60%). Amounts above 30% of manure in the mixture reduced biogas and methane production due to the increase of free NH3 concentration (272 mg L-1), which is toxic to most methanogens. As regards the recovery of N using PTFE membranes, it was observed that the recovery efficiency of the digestate was 12% higher compared with that observed in the RPM. Quantitatively, 4555 mg NH4+ could be recovered from the digestate in 93 hours of experiment, which can be used later as a source of N to agricultural crops.
A produÃÃo de energia renovÃvel e fertilizante, atravÃs da biodegradaÃÃo anaerÃbia (BioAn) dos dejetos da suinocultura, apresenta-se como uma soluÃÃo estratÃgica para minimizar os efeitos negativos associados ao grande volume de dejeto gerado em um reduzido espaÃo de produÃÃo. Contudo, mais estudos devem ser realizados para melhorar o entendimento do processo e propor melhorias. Nesse sentido, realizou-se este trabalho que foi dividido em trÃs etapas. Na primeira, foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo de avaliar as mudanÃas que ocorrem na matÃria orgÃnica e nas formas orgÃnicas e inorgÃnicas de nitrogÃnio (N) e fÃsforo (P) da fraÃÃo sÃlida do dejeto suÃno (DS), utilizando reatores anaerÃbios de bancada, em funÃÃo de sete tempos de retenÃÃo hidrÃulica (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias de biodegradaÃÃo) e comparados com o dejeto nÃo degradado. Na segunda etapa, desenvolveu-se um estudo de co-digestÃo anaerÃbia, em um reator semicontÃnuo, utilizando o DS e o resÃduo da indÃstria do processamento do tomate (RPT) em diferentes proporÃÃes de mistura, visando melhorar o desempenho da biodegradaÃÃo e estabelecer a melhor proporÃÃo dos dois substratos para a produÃÃo de biogÃs e metano. Utilizaram-se as seguintes proporÃÃes (% de DS + % de RPT): 10% + 90%, 20% + 80%, 30% + 70%, 50% + 50% e 60% + 40%. Na terceira etapa, realizou-se um estudo inovador visando recuperar o N presente no digestato gerado apÃs a biodegradaÃÃo, utilizando membranas semipermeÃveis de politetrafluoroetileno expandido (PTFE) submersas no material. Esse sistema consistiu em forÃar a volatilizaÃÃo do N presente no digestato na forma de NH3 e, posteriormente, recuperÃ-lo em uma soluÃÃo Ãcida de H2SO4 1N que circulava pelo interior da membrana de PTFE. O N foi recuperado na forma do Ãon amÃnio (NH4+), com potencial para ser utilizado como fertilizante. Utilizou-se alÃm do digestato, DS nÃo degradado, para comparaÃÃo do potencial de recuperaÃÃo de N dos dois materiais. A determinaÃÃo do acÃmulo de NH4+ formado foi realizada em nove tempos de amostragem (0, 7, 20, 30, 44, 54, 70, 79 e 93 horas). Com base nos resultados obtidos na etapa 1, concluiu-se que durante a biodegradaÃÃo, a matÃria orgÃnica de maior labilidade, representada pelo carbono da fraÃÃo Ãcido fÃlvico e carbono oxidÃvel com 2,5 mL de H2SO4, foi parcialmente consumida, promovendo o acÃmulo de matÃria orgÃnica recalcitrante no final do processo. Os conteÃdos de N orgÃnico e NH4+ reduziram respectivamente, 45,2% e 54,2% em relaÃÃo aos seus conteÃdos iniciais no dejeto nÃo degradado, devido, provavelmente, a perda por volatilizaÃÃo. O conteÃdo de P reduziu 41,25% em relaÃÃo ao seu conteÃdo inicial, devido à precipitaÃÃo quÃmica da fraÃÃo inorgÃnica extraÃvel em Ãgua com cÃtions metÃlicos no interior do reator. No caso da co-digestÃo, o aumento da proporÃÃo do DS atà o limite de 30% da mistura de alimentaÃÃo, proporcionou a mÃxima produÃÃo diÃria de biogÃs (175 L) e a maior proporÃÃo de metano (60%). Quantidades superiores a 30% de dejeto na mistura, reduziram a produÃÃo de biogÃs e metano devido ao aumento da concentraÃÃo de NH3 Livre (272 mg L-1) tÃxico a maioria dos microrganismos metanogÃnicos. No que se refere à recuperaÃÃo do N utilizando as membranas de PTFE, observou-se que a eficiÃncia de recuperaÃÃo no digestato foi superior em 12% em relaÃÃo ao observado no dejeto nÃo degradado. Em termos quantitativos, conseguiu-se recuperar 4555 mg de NH4+ proveniente do digestato durante 93 horas de experimento que poderÃ, posteriormente, ser utilizado como fonte de N para as culturas agrÃcolas.
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Campbell, Allan J. "Design and evaluation of liquid swine manure injectors for potato nutrient placement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0025/NQ50124.pdf.
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Svinurai, Walter. "Manure production and nutrient management in pasture-based dairy production systems." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/475.
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Manure production and nutrient management in pasture-based dairy production systems by Walter Svinurai The effect of dietary treatments on nutrient excretion was determined and an attempt to improving the retention of excreted nitrogen in stored manure using Aloe ferox leaf gel (AFLG) and pine bark was conducted at a pasture-based dairy farm. The animal mass-balance method was used to determine nutrient excretion by cows fed on three dietary treatments, Lolium perrene-based treatment (LP), Lolium multiforium-based treatment (LM) and Lolium perenne- Trifolium repens -based treatment (LTF). In separate experiments, slurry from dairy cows fed LM was amended with AFLG and pine bark at concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l and stored under anaerobic conditions for 16 days. The highest and lowest excretions of N, P and K were observed in LM and LP treatments, respectively. Increasing dietary N improved K and N retention in milk and, consequently increased milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and N excretion (P < 0.05). The concentrations of AFLG affected N and P retention in manure (P < 0.05). The highest retention in total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) of the initial was 42% AFLG at 25g/l inclusion rate. Ammonium nitrogen (AMN) concentration increased significantly due to the interactive effect of AFLG inclusion rate and time. Pine bark powder significantly improved N and P retention in manure at all concentrations. The retention in TKN was higher (P < 0.05) at 25g/l pine bark powder than other concentrations. The interaction effect of inclusion rate and time increased iii AMN (P < 0.05). Dietary treatments significantly affected nutrient excretion, and AFLG and pine bark considerably improved N retention in stored slurry. Findings from the filed trial suggest the need for more attention on managing dietary nutrients in the post-rainy and cool-dry season when growth of pasture influenced choice of dietary treatments that led to high nutrient excretion. Field simulation of the additives to determine their efficacy and environmental hazards was recommended.
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Ryding, Caroline. "Assessment of nutrient emission factors for different manure and digestate management systems." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149595.
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An efficient management of organic fertilizers (here animal manure and digestate) is of large concern in today´s agriculture. When evaluating the efficiency of alternative management systems, differences in nutrient losses (emissions) must be taken into consideration. Those can be rather specific for e.g. a geographical region and agricultural system. This literature study aimed at identifying emission factors and uncertainty ranges, that are relevant to use in comparative system studies of different organic fertilizer management systems in South Swedish climate. Emissions from manure and digestate storage, application and field losses were considered. For carbon, the sequestration of organic carbon in the soil was considered instead of the carbon dioxide emissions from manure/digestate decomposition in soils. The values were very variable, and the median value was used as the selected emission factor. From storage of liquid cow manure, the ammonia emission for storage with cover was 3 % of the ammonium content, and 10 % without cover. It was about the same for both liquid pig manure (8 %) and solid cattle manure (10 %). The methane emissions during storage were 10 % of the maximum methane potential. Ammonia emissions during application ranged from 10-20 % of ammonium-nitrogen. Two studies of manure carbon sequestration were found that was applicable for the Swedish climate. They indicated that about 8-11 % of the carbon applied as solid manure was sequestered, compared to about 4 % for liquid manure.
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Kulesza, Stephanie Brooke. "Effects of Manure Injection on Transport and Transformation of Nutrient and Antibiotics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56895.
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Overapplication of manure in sensitive watersheds is an issue of increasing environmental concern due to increased nutrient loading and antibiotic release into aquatic environments. Manure is typically surface applied, leaving nutrients and antibiotics vulnerable to loss at the soil surface. Elevated nutrient and antibiotic loading into water bodies can increase the rate of eutrophication and occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in areas of high animal agriculture production, such as the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Manure injection is a new technology that incorporates manure into the soil with minimal disturbance, and management strategies that reduce manure loss from agricultural fields could prevent the transport of nutrients and antibiotics to sensitive waterways. However, little is known about the efficacy of dry litter injection to decrease nitrogen (N) loss when compared to surface application. Also, there are no studies that determine the effects of injection on antibiotic transport and transformation after manure application. Therefore, this project focused on changes in N cycling, orchardgrass hay yield and quality, and transport and transformation of pirlimycin and cephapirin, two common antibiotics in dairy production, when manure is injected. Subsurface injection eliminated ammonia volatilization and N loss in runoff and increased soil inorganic N when compared to surface application after volatilization, incubation, and rainfall simulation studies. Although these benefits did not translate to higher yields in orchardgrass hay, protein increased when poultry litter was injected, indicating greater N uptake. Injection of dairy manure decreased losses of pirlimycin to levels of the control when compared to surface application. Although, pirlimycin had a slower degradation rate within the injection slit compared to surface application, potentially increasing the amount of time soil microbes are exposed to antibiotics. In an incubation study, pirlimycin concentrations decreased after 7 days, but concentrations increased sharply after 14 days. This indicates that conjugates formed in the liver or digestive tract of dairy cows may revert back to the parent compound after manure application. With increased retention of nutrients and antibiotics, injection could be a best management practice used to reduce the loss of these compounds to the environment while increasing the quality of crops produced.Ph. D.
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Clark, Piers Benedict. "Enhancing the anaerobic digestion of poultry manure through nutrient supplementation via duckweed biomass." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239890.
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Yanosek, Kristina Anne. "Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal from Dairy Manure to Meet Nitrogen:Phosphorus Crop Nutrient Requirements." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35782.
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Over the last two decades, livestock operations have become highly concentrated due to growing trends towards larger, more confined facilities and a decrease in cropland on smaller farms. This has led to greater amounts of excess manure nutrients on farms, increasing the potential for nutrient pollution of water bodies from runoff. The purpose of this study was to determine if enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a viable alternative for managing excess manure nutrients on dairy farms. Assessment of EBPR involved the investigation of various aspects of wastewater treatment modeling and design and farm nutrient management. The fermentation potential (volatile fatty acid (VFA) production) of dairy manure was determined through laboratory analysis to be 15.3% of the total COD. Total VFA production was composed of 57, 23, and 20% acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, respectively. The EBPR component of the BioWin wastewater treatment model was evaluated through a sensitivity analysis. The parameters to which effluent phosphate (PO4) concentration was most sensitive were maximum specific growth rate, growth yield, aerobic PO4 uptake rate per unit poly-b-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) utilized, PHB yield from VFA, PO4 release per unit VFA uptake, and fraction of releasable PO4. An EBPR sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was designed for a dairy farm with 700 lactating cows and 325 ha of corn silage. An economic analysis of EBPR for dairy farms employing P-based manure applications was completed. The cost of hauling excess manure to nutrient deficient farms was the most significant expense in comparing costs of manure management with and without EBPR. For a herd of 700 lactating cows, utilizing EBPR was more economical for farms with 270 ha or less cropland, while EBPR did not offer an economic advantage for farms over 270 ha.Master of Science
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Jopson, Hector Lago. "Nutrient and solids removal by lime and alum treatment of flushed dairy manure." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007341.
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Helton, Thomas J. "Effects of composted dairy manure on soil chemical properties and forage yield and nutritive value of coastal Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1333.
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Research was conducted to compare the effects of composted dairy manure and raw dairy manure alone, or in combination with supplemental inorganic fertilizer, on soil chemical properties and Coastal bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] yield and nutritive value. Composted dairy manure was surface applied at rates of 14 (125 kg N ha-1), 29 (250 kg N ha-1) and 57 (500 kg N ha-1) Mg dry matter (DM) ha-1, and raw dairy manure was surface applied at a rate of 54 (420 kg N ha-1) Mg DM ha-1 to established bermudagrass. Selected compost and manure plots received supplemental inorganic N at
rates of 56, 84 and 112 kg ha-1 cutting-1 or 112 kg ha-1 cutting-1 of supplemental N with
supplemental inorganic phosphorus or potassium at rates of 112 kg P2O5 ha-1 yr-1 and 112 kg K2O ha-1 cutting-1, respectively. Composted dairy manure (29 and 57 Mg DM ha-1) or raw manure alone
increased cumulative forage yields compared to the untreated check in both years of the study, but were less than those obtained using only inorganic fertilizer. Application of 56
kg N ha-1 cutting-1 or more of supplemental N to compost (29 and 57 Mg DM ha-1) or iv manure produced forage yields that were equal to or greater than those obtained using inorganic fertilizer alone. However, increasing compost rate did not increase tissue N concentrations regardless of supplemental inorganic N rate. Yield and tissue K concentrations were increased in the second growing season when supplemental
inorganic K was applied to 29 Mg ha-1 of compost or 54 Mg ha-1 of raw dairy manure. No yield response was observed when supplemental inorganic P was applied to compost or manure.
Soil pH and concentrations of NH4, NO3, K, Ca, Mg and Mn were increased by application of compost or manure. Soil P concentrations in the 0 to 5-cm zone exceeded 200 mg kg-1 when compost was applied at the high rate. Dairy manure compost was an effective nutrient source for bermudagrass hay production, but will require the use of supplemental N and, in some cases, K to achieve yields comparable to inorganic fertilizer.
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Scheinemann, Hendrik A., Katja Dittmar, Frank S. Stöckel, Hermann Müller, and Monika E. Krüger. "Hygienisation and nutrient conservation of sewage sludge or cattle manure by lactic acid fermentation." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-167343.
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Manure from animal farms and sewage sludge contain pathogens and opportunistic organisms in various concentrations depending on the health of the herds and human sources. Other than for the presence of pathogens, these waste substances are excellent nutrient sources and constitute a preferred organic fertilizer. However, because of the pathogens, the risks of infection of animals or humans increase with the indiscriminate use of manure, especially liquid manure or sludge, for agriculture. This potential problem can increase with the global connectedness of animal herds fed imported feed grown on fields fertilized with local manures. This paper describes a simple, easy-to-use, low-tech hygienization method which conserves nutrients and does not require large investments in infrastructure. The proposed
method uses the microbiotic shift during mesophilic fermentation of cow manure or sewage sludge during which gram-negative bacteria, enterococci and yeasts were inactivated below the detection limit of 3 log10 cfu/g while lactobacilli increased up to a thousand fold. Pathogens like Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli EHEC O:157 and vegetative Clostridium perfringens were inactivated within 3 days of fermentation. In addition, ECBO-viruses and eggs of Ascaris suum were inactivated within 7 and 56 days, respectively. Compared to the mass lost through composting (15–57%), the loss of mass during fermentation (< 2.45%) is very low and provides strong economic and ecological benefits for this process. This method might be an acceptable hygienization method for developed as well as undeveloped countries, and could play a key role in public and animal health while safely closing the nutrient cycle by reducing the necessity of using energy-inefficient inorganic fertilizer for crop production.
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Nennich, Tamilee Dawn. "Characterization of manure excretion and environmental impacts of nutrient management in dairy production systems." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2004/T%5FNennich%5F112204.pdf.
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Zhang, Hui. "Pilot scale application of microwave technology for dairy manure treatment and nutrient recovery through struvite crystallization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44766.
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Excessive use of nutrients in agriculture has been significant surface and groundwater pollution sources. A pilot scale treatment process was developed for the purposes of phosphorus and ammonia recovery from dairy manure slurry. A novel advanced oxidation process combining hydrogen peroxide, microwave, and sulphuric acid was studied for its abilities to solubilise nutrients and metals in manure. The treated manure was then used for struvite crystallization to recover phosphates and ammonia in a commercially viable fertilizer form.
Using dairy manure, as a phosphate source for struvite crystallization, had some foreseeable challenges. The majority of phosphorus in dairy manure slurry was insoluble, thus unsuitable for struvite crystallization. A synergistic nutrient solubilisation effect was found when manure was treated. As high as 101.7 ± 4.3% of total phosphorus was solubilised as phosphate, and 94.9 ± 4.7% of total nitrogen was solubilised as ammonia. High suspended solids concentration in manure slurry, thought to impede struvite crystallization, was also overcome through microwave treatment to destabilise manure solids from suspension. As high as 2.00 Log reduction in total suspended solids was achieved by gravity clarification. Manure contains high levels of calcium that would compete against struvite for phosphate precipitation. Oxalic acid was tested as a potential reagent to use for calcium removal from dairy manure. Up to 97.2% soluble Ca removal, by calcium oxalate precipitation was observed.
The treated dairy manure was then used as influent material for struvite crystallization. Under various reaction conditions, it was found that phosphorus reduction between 69% and 99% was achievable. Roughly 25% nitrogen removal was observed under all reactor conditions. An interesting observation from the crystallization experiments was that pellet morphologies and compositions varied with reaction conditions. The potassium containing mineral hazenite was found to coexist in the struvite pellets. The ability to extract potassium from dairy manure was not only beneficial to the dairy industry, but may also create a fertilizer of higher economical and nutritional value, than struvite alone.
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Dygert, Clayton Edward. "Setback Distance Effect of Mitigating Nutrient Transport from Surface Applied Liquid Dairy Manure on Frozen/Snow Covered Soil." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300979541.
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Celander, Filip, and Johan Haglund. "Energy and nutrient recovery from dairy manure : Process design and economic performance of a farm based system." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107963.
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This thesis assessed the technical and economic premises for installing systems that process manure in order to recover nutrients and inherent energy. The main purpose of recovering nutrients was to extract phosphorus from the manure, so as to be able to distribute more of the manure on the farm without exceeding the phosphorus regulation. Three other scenarios were included as reference; conventional manure handling, solid-liquid separation only and solid-liquid separation including energy recovery. Since most important parameters for modeling scenarios in agriculture are site-specific (e.g. soil type, crop rotation and manure composition), the thesis results were based on a case farm. The case farm is a 675 ha dairy farm with approx. 1400 milking cows, located in Östergötland, Sweden. As for the results, it was first concluded that the central characteristics of manure were the content of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The higher the DM content, the more fuel for energy recovery, and the higher the N:P-ratio, the more on-farm N can be utilized before having to consider the P regulation. The technical premises for farm-scale nutrient recovery were limited to commercial techniques from companies operating in Sweden, and included various possible processing methods, such as; pH modification, anaerobic digestion, coagulation-flocculation, precipitation, filtration and reverse osmosis. However, most methods were either too costly or simply not realistic to install on stand-alone farms, resulting in only two feasible options; struvite precipitation and secondary solid-liquid separation with a decanter centrifuge. The comparison in economic performance for all scenarios resulted as follows: nutrient recovery by struvite precipitation was the most profitable scenario of all, if struvite was allowed to replace mineral P fertilizer (i.e. end-product on-farm utilization). If not, it was more profitable to invest in only energy recovery, as nutrient recovery by secondary solid-liquid separation or struvite precipitation with end-product sales were not as profitable. However, the absolutely largest increase in profitability lies within investing in a primary solid-liquid separation. As for the case farm, this investment reduced costs by more than 2 MSEK, while any of the latter scenarios reduce costs by 0,1-0,2 MSEK. Furthermore, the possible utilization of the waste heat from energy recovery increased profitability by a factor of ten.
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Cotton, Drew Lewis. "Onsite evaluation of manure management practices and nutrient composition of stall waste produced by Florida horse operations." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025118.
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SILVA, Nalígia Gomes de Miranda e. "Produtividade, morfometria e acúmulo de nutrientes da palma forrageira sob doses de adubação orgânica e densidades de plantio." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6907.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The cactus is an important forage resource for semiarid regions. Two experiments were conducted during the years 2009 to 2011, at the Experimental Station Caruaru belonging to the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco-IPA. The objective of the first experiment was to evaluate the effect of different doses of organic manure (20, 40 and 80 t / ha of manure / 2 years) and population densities (20, 40, 80 and 160 thousand plants / ha) on morphology, productive, cladode plant and root system of a palmal IPA Clone-20 with two years of regrowth. The second experiment was to monitor the dynamic composition of N, P and K of cactus pear in different densities (40, 80 and 160 thousand plants / ha) and doses of organic manure (20, 40 and 80 t / ha of manure / 2 years), as well as evaluate the dynamics of N, P and K soluble in manure applied by using bags "nylon" at different times (0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64.128, 256, 512 and 678 days) of incubation in the soil. For the dry matter yield was found with behaviors quadratic curves, linear and exponential positive for doses of 20, 40 and 80 t of manure / ha / two years respectively. We observed higher yields with increased population density and application of 80 tons of manure. The morphological characteristics of the palm were influenced by the levels of organic manure, tending the major measures with the use of 80 tons of manure / ha / two years. The dry weight of the plant and root system cladodes were influenced by population densities, with exponential curves with positive behavior, trending higher weight per area with increasing population density. The release of N, P and K from manure on populations of 20, 40, 80 and 160 thousand plants / ha ceased to 128 days after fertilizer application. Moreover, it was found that the palm accumulated nutrient probably from other sources. The accumulation rate per area of N, P and K in the populations of 20, 40, 80 and 160 thousand plants / ha increased over the days of growth regardless of doses of organic fertilizer used. Farmers, who want to cultivate cactus using cattle manure will fertilize the palmal more often.
A palma forrageira é um importante recurso forrageiro para as regiões semiáridas. Foram realizados dois experimentos durante os anos de 2009 a 2011, na Estação Experimental de Caruaru, pertencente ao Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco- IPA. O objetivo do primeiro experimento foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de adubação orgânica (20, 40 e 80 t/ha de esterco bovino/2 anos) e densidades de plantio (20, 40, 80 e 160 mil plantas/ha) nas características morfológicas, produtivas, cladódio-planta e sistema radicular de um palmal de Clone IPA-20 com dois anos de rebrota. O segundo experimento consistiu em acompanhar a dinâmica de composição de N, P e K da palma forrageira, nas diferentes densidades de plantio (40, 80 e 160 mil plantas/ha) e doses de adubação orgânica (20, 40 e 80 t/ha de esterco bovino/2anos), bem como, avaliar a dinâmica de N, P e K solúveis no esterco aplicado, por meio da utilização de sacos de “nylon” em diferentes tempos (0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,128, 256, 512 e 678 dias) de incubação no solo. Para a produtividade de matéria seca verificou-se curvas com comportamentos quadrático, linear e exponencial positiva para as doses de 20, 40 e 80 t de esterco bovino/ha/dois anos, respectivamente. Observaram-se maiores produções com aumento da densidade de plantio e aplicação de 80 t de esterco bovino. As características morfológicas da palma foram influenciadas pelas doses de adubação orgânica, tendendo as maiores medidas com a utilização de 80 t de esterco bovino/ha/dois anos. Os pesos secos do cladódio-planta e sistema radicular foram influenciados pelas densidades de plantio, apresentando curvas com comportamento exponencial positiva, ocorrendo maior produtividade por área com o aumento da densidade populacional. A liberação de N, P e K do esterco bovino nas populações de 40, 80 e 160 mil plantas/ha cessou aos 128 dias após aplicação do adubo. Por outro lado, foi verificado que a palma acumulou nutriente, provavelmente, de outras fontes. A taxa de acúmulo diário por área de N, P e K nas populações de 40, 80 e 160 mil plantas/ha aumentou ao longo dos dias de crescimento independentemente das doses de adubação orgânica utilizadas. Produtores rurais, que almejam cultivar a palma forrageira utilizando esterco bovino, deverá adubar o palmal com mais frequência.
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Yilmazel, Yasemin Dilsad. "Removal And Recovery Of Nutrients As Struvite From Anaerobic Digestion/co-digestion Residues Of Poultry Manure." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610800/index.pdf.
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The main objective of this study was to investigate the removal and recovery of nutrients from anaerobic digestion residues of poultry manure through struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O, MAP) precipitation. To this purpose, three sets of laboratory experiments were conducted.
In the first set, separate and co-digestion of poultry manure and sewage sludge were studied in laboratory-scale mesophilic anaerobic batch reactors and subsequent struvite precipitation experiments were conducted with the reactors effluents. The effects of important parameters on struvite precipitation were investigated and it is illustrated that up to 89 % of NH4-N, 84 % PO4-P and 42 % COD removals were possible. In the second set, the effluents of a full-scale co-digestion plant utilizing poultry manure and maize silage were subjected to struvite precipitation experiments. Acidic phosphorus-dissolution process was successfully applied to the solid phase effluents to obtain phosphorus-enriched solution. By the addition of external Mg and P more than 90% of NH4-N and PO4-P were recovered from phosphorus-enriched solution, whereas the addition of only Mg led to partial recovery of NH4-N. In the third set, the effluents of a full-scale poultry manure digester were subjected to struvite precipitation experiments. The findings illustrated that Ca has inhibitory effects on the struvite reaction and lead to formation of hydroxlyapatite and amorphous calcium phosphates together with struvite.
Based on the results obtained in this study, it is postulated that, struvite precipitation is a viable option for the recovery of the nutrients in the anaerobically digested poultry manure. This study illustrated that, poultry manure, if managed properly, could meet one-fourth of Turkey’
s domestic fertilizer demand.
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Hadin, Åsa. "Anaerobic digestion of horse manure : renewable energy and plant nutrients in a systems perspective." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22716.
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In horse keeping horse manure is produced, which can be utilized as a fertilizer or considered a waste. Horse manure constitutes a resource in terms of both plant nutrients and energy. In addition energy policies and objectives aim at replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. The interest to improve resource recovery of horse manure increases due various incentives for renewable vehicle fuels, legal requirements on management of manure, and environmental impact from current horse manure management. This thesis aims at describing horse manure management in a life cycle perspective. This is made by (1) identifying factors in horse keeping affecting the possibility to use horse manure as a biogas feedstock and to recycle plant nutrients, (2) analysing factors in anaerobic digestion with influence on methane potential and biofertilizer nutrient content and (3) comparing the environmental impact from different horse manure treatment methods. Literature reviews, systematic combining, and simulations have been used as research methods. The results show that horse keeping activities such as feeding, indoor keeping, outdoor keeping and manure storage affect the amount and characteristics of horse manure and thereby also the possibilities for anaerobic digestion horse manure. Transport affects the collected amount and spreading affects loss of nutrients and nutrient recycling. Simulation results indicate the highest methane yield and energy balance from paper bedding, while straw and peat gave a higher nutrient content of the biofertilizer. The highest methane yield was achieved with a low rate of bedding, which in the cases of woodchips and paper is also preferable for plant nutrient recycling. Still, results indicate the best energy balance from anaerobic digestion with a high ratio of bedding. The environmental impact assessment indicates a reduction in global warming potential for anaerobic digestion compared to incineration or composting.Vid hästhållning alstras hästgödsel som kan användas som växtnäring eller anses vara ett avfall. Hästgödsel utgör både en växtnäringsresurs och en energi resurs. Dessutom styr uppsatta energimål mot att förnybar energi ska ersätta fossila bränslen. Intresset för att öka resursutnyttjandet av hästgödsel ökar på grund av olika incitament för förnybara drivmedel, lagstiftning om gödselhantering och miljöpåverkan från dagens hantering av hästgödsel. I den här avhandlingen beskrivs hästgödselhantering i ett livscykelperspektiv genom att (1) identifiera olika faktorer vid hästhållningen som påverkar möjligheten att utvinna biogas ur hästgödsel och återföra näringen till jordbruksmark, (2) analysera faktorer i biogasprocessen som påverkar den specifika metanmängden och innehållet av växtnäring i gödseln och (3) jämföra olika gödselhanteringsmetoders miljöpåverkan. Metoderna i avhandlingen har varit litteraturstudier, systematisk kombination av teori och empiri samt simulering. Resultaten visar att utfodringen, om och hur hästarna hålls inomhus och utomhus och hur hästgödsel lagras påverkar mängden hästgödsel och dess egenskaper, och därmed också hur den fungerar som ett biogassubstrat. Transporterna har betydelse för hur mycket gödsel som kan samlas in och spridas, medan gödselspridningen påverkar näringsförluster och närings återföring. Resultaten från simuleringarna indikerar högst metanutbyte och bäst energibalans från papper som strömaterial, medan halm och torv gav högre växtnäringsinnehåll i biogödseln. De högsta resultaten på specifik metanmängd nåddes med låg andel strö, vilket också var positivt för växtnäringsinnehållet vid scenarierna med spån och papper. Samtidigt indikerar resultaten att en hög andel strömaterial ger den bästa energibalansen. Miljöpåverkansbedömningen indikerar att potentialen för klimatpåverkan minskar om hästgödsel behandlas i en biogasprocess jämfört med förbränning eller kompostering.
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Richards, Chad Edward. "A water quality assessment of the import of turfgrass sod grown with composted dairy manure into a suburban watershed." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1427.
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Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have caused water quality
concerns in many rural watersheds, sometimes forcing the State of Texas to conduct
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) assessments of stream nutrients such as nitrogen
(N) and phosphorus (P). One suggested Best Management Practice (BMP) is the export
of phosphorus (P) through turfgrass sod produced with composted dairy manure from an
impaired rural watershed to an urban watershed. The manure-grown sod releases P
slowly and would not require additional P fertilizer for up to 20 years in the receiving
watershed. This would eliminate P application to the sod and improve the water quality
of urban streams.
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to model a typical
suburban watershed that would receive the transplanted sod. The objective of the
modeling was to determine the water quality changes due to the import of sod
transplanted from turf fields and grown with composted dairy manure. The SWAT model
was calibrated to simulate historical flow and sediment and nutrient loading to Mary's
Creek. The total P stream loading to Mary's Creek was lower when manure-grown sod
was imported instead of commercial sod grown with inorganic fertilizers. Yet, flow,
sediment yield, and total N yield increased equally for both cases at the watershed outlet.
The SWAT simulations indicate that a turfgrass BMP can be used effectively to import
manure P into an urban watershed and reduce in-stream P levels when compared to sod
grown with inorganic fertilizers.
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O'Brien, Brendan J. "Physicochemical Properties of Residuals from Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Manure and Food Waste: Nutrient Cycling Implications and Opportunities for Edible Mushroom Cultivation." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1015.
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Organics recycling is increasing in New England as multiple states have enacted laws to divert organic materials, including food scraps and food processing residuals, away from landfills. Anaerobic digesters on dairy farms represent an attractive approach to food waste recycling because existing infrastructure is in place and co-digestion of dairy manure with food waste can increase renewable biogas production. In addition, anaerobic digestion results in effluents that can be separated into solid and liquid residual materials, or 'digestates'. Screw-press separated solids consist of lignocellulosic biomass resistant to microbial degradation during anaerobic digestion. These separated solids are typically recycled on farms as animal bedding before returning to the digester, whereas remaining liquid digestates are typically spread as fertilizer for nearby feed crops or pasture fields. Within this model, anaerobic digestion is not a nutrient management solution and repeated land application of digestate nutrients can create eutrophication risk over time. Alternative models are needed where digestate materials are converted into valuable products to be sold off-farm, enabling the removal of nutrients to help meet nutrient management goals. In this thesis, I address two research questions related to the pursuit of such alternative models. First, how do physicochemical characteristics of digestate materials vary across full-scale systems in the region, including systems with and without food waste as a substantial proportion of feedstock, and how do these variations affect the potential for conversion of digestates into valuable products (e.g., soil amendments)? Second, can separated digestate solids be used for commercial cultivation of gourmet oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) to produce food for human consumption, providing synchronous nutrient recovery and food production? Results from my first research chapter indicate that increasing food waste inputs (and thus diversification of feedstock recipes) will likely increase the variability of some solid and liquid digestate characteristics and can result in greater contamination with synthetic particles, with implications for nutrient recovery efforts and associated products. My second research chapter shows that screw-press separated digestate solids can offset non-local substrate ingredients to a degree while achieving oyster mushroom yields comparable to commercial recipes. Furthermore, this strategy could divert nutrients away from land adjacent to digesters and directly into safe, nutritious, protein-rich food for humans, while also producing a useful spent mushroom substrate product.
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Nguyen, Thanh Phong, and Thi Ngoc Quynh Nguyen. "Composting of cow manure and rice straw with cow urine and its influence on compost quality." Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32717.
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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of composting process of cow manure and rice straw with application of cow urine and to evaluate the quality of composting products. There were two treatment piles, in which one pile was applied with cow urine every week and another pile without urine application. Each pile was set up by one tone cow manure and 500kg rice straw. The piles were half-covered by plastic foil to protect from rain and turned one a week. The composting duration lasted 8 weeks. The parameters such as temperature, pH, DM, density and nitrogen were monitored and observed during the 8-week period. The results showed that there was a significant difference in temperature, compost quality and duration between two piles with and without cow urine application. The application of cow urine increased significant nitrogen and phosphorous content and shortened the composting process. This study recommends that cow urine should be applied for composting process of cow manure and rice straw in order to increase the quality of compost. The final product was in the range of matured compost level and can be used directly for agriculture crop.Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng phân compost của việc bổ sung nước tiểu vào trong quá trình ủ phân từ nguyên liệu phân bò và rơm rạ. Thí nghiệm được thực hiện trên hai đống ủ phân, một đống ủ được bổ sung nước tiểu bò hàng tuần và một đống ủ không bổ sung nước tiểu bò như là một nghiệm thức đối chứng. Mỗi đống ủ được trộn 1 tấn phân bò và 500kg rơm. Đống ủ phân được đậy kín một nửa phía trên nhằm ngăn cản ảnh hưởng của mưa và được đảo trộn một lần mỗi tuần. Quá trình thí nghiệm được tiến hành trong 8 tuần. Các chỉ tiêu như nhiệt độ, pH, DM, mật độ và chất dinh dưỡng Nitơ và Phốt Pho được quan trắc trong thời gian ủ. Kết quả cho thấy có sự khác biệt đáng kể giữa hai đống phân ủ đối với các chỉ tiêu như nhiệt độ, chất lượng phân compost và thời gian ủ. Đống ủ phân có bổ sung nước tiểu có hàm lượng Nitơ và Phốt pho cao hơn và thời gian ủ ngắn hơn. Kết quả nghiên cứu khuyến cáo nên bổ sung nước tiểu bò cho quá trình ủ phân compost nhằm tăng hàm lượng chất dinh dưỡng cho sản phẩm phân compost. Sản phẩm sau quá trình ủ đạt mức độ phân hữu cơ và có thể sử dụng cho cây trồng.
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Zuim, Carlos Eduardo [UNESP]. "Efeito de adubação orgânica e mineral e culturas de entressafra na cultura da soja (Glycine max (L) Merrill) no sistema plantio direto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98880.
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zuim_ce_me_ilha.pdf: 206454 bytes, checksum: 21d45110bfb35795b4aee587ba2a4496 (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A busca pela qualidade do solo como base de sustentação do sistema de produção, tem aumentado o desafio de compreender um sistema que, além de reduzir sensivelmente a degradação do meio ambiente, pode permitir maior retorno econômico ao agricultor. Nesse sentido o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de abril de 2005 a abril de 2006, com o objetivo de avaliar na cultura da soja, no sistema de plantio direto, o efeito de diferentes culturas de cobertura e presença ou ausência de adubação orgânica e mineral. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Guararapes-SP (50°39’W, 21°09’S e 412 m de altitude aproximadamente) em um Latossolo Vermelho amarelo, com textura média, sendo cultivado com culturas anuais a partir de 1993. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições, com os tratamentos dispostos em um esquema fatorial 5x2x2, ou seja, 5 culturas de cobertura (milho, milheto, sorgo, braquiária e mamona), cultivadas no período de outono/inverno, na presença e ausência de adubação orgânica (11.512 kg/ha de esterco de galinha), sendo semeado em sucessão, a cultura da soja, cultivar MGBR 46 (Conquista), na presença ou ausência de adubação mineral (500 kg/ha da fórmula 02-20-15). As culturas de cobertura e a soja foram irrigadas pelo sistema pivô central. As avaliações constaram da produção de massa seca das culturas de cobertura, estado nutricional da soja no florescimento pleno, características agronômicas e produção de grãos da soja e características químicas do solo, em diferentes profundidades, após o cultivo da soja. Através dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o milho apresentou maior produção de massa seca como cultura de cobertura, mas todas as...
The search for the soil quality as sustentation base of production system, has stimulated the challenge to understand a system that, beyond sensibly reducing the environment degradation, may allows greater economic return to the farmer. Thus, the present work was developed in the period of April 2005 to April 2006, with the objective to evaluate in soybean crop, in no tillage system, the effect of different cover crops and presence or absence of organic and mineral fertilization. The work was developed at the municipal district of Guararapes, State of São Paulo (50°39' W, 21°09' S and 412 m altitude approximately) in a Typic Haplustox, with sandy texture, being cultivated with annual crops since 1993. The exeprimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications, with treatments disposed in a 5x2x2 factorial scheme, i.e., five cover crops (corn, millet, sorghum, braquiaria grass and castor bean), cultivated in the autumn/winter period, in presence and absence of organic fertilization (11,512 kg ha-1 of chicken manure fertilizer), being sowedin succession of soybean crop, MGBR 46 cultivar, in presence or absence of mineral fertilization (500 kg ha-1 of 02-20-15 formula). The cover cultures and soybean had been irrigated by center pivot irrigation systems.The evaluations was cover crops dry matter production, nutritional status in flowering, agronomic characteristics and soybean grain production, soil chemical characteristis, in different depths, after soybean. Through the obtained results, it verified that the corn presents greater dry matter production as cover crop, but all the evaluated cover crops are adjusted to precede soybean; organic fertilization increases cover crop dry matter production, beyond provided significant P, Ca and K increases in 0 to 0.05 and 0.05 to 0.10 m depth and P and K in 0.10 to 0.20 m depth; ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Mhlontlo, Simphiwe. "Effects of sheep kraal manure and intercropping with maize on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of a vegetable Amaranthus accession in the central region of the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/76.
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Amaranthus is among the nutritious indigenous plant species that are gathered from the wild in the Eastern Cape to prepare a traditional meal known as ‘imifino’ or ‘isigwampa’ to supplement the necessary proteins, vitamins and minerals which are poor in maizebased meals. Amaranthus species are adapted to wild conditions unsuitable for exotic vegetables and could be cultivated but information on its fertility requirements, as sole or intercrop, is the key for its domestication and production as a leafy vegetable, particularly where manure is used. Two dry-land and one glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the effects of sheep kraal manure application rate, intercropping with maize and soil type on growth, fresh and dry matter yields, nutrient uptake and grain yield of a local Amaranthus accession that grows wild in the Eastern Cape. Sheep kraal manure rates ranging from 0 to 10 t ha-1 and an NPK {2:3:4(30) + 0.5% Zn} fertilizer as a positive control, applied at rates recommended for spinach, were tested. In the Gqumahashe experiment, where Amaranthus was grown as a sole crop, low manure rates (≤ 2.5 t ha-1) resulted in plant heights and fresh matter yields which were comparable to those in the unfertilized control, whereas higher rates (5 and 10 t ha-1) and recommended NPK fertilizer had higher levels both at 30 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT) at p < 0.05. At 30 DAT, manure application rates of ≥ 2.5 t ha-1 and the NPK fertilizer treatment, produced greater shoot dry-matter yields (29.35, 30.75 and 37.68 g plant-1) than the unfertilized control (17.11 g plant-1) at p < 0.05. Uptake of N and P in the leaves increased with increase in manure application rate with N uptake reaching a maximum (308 mg plant-1) at a manure rate of 2.5 t ha-1 which corresponded with the maximum dry matter yield. There was no effect of manure rate or fertilizer on residual soil N and Ca, whereas P, K, Mg and Zn increased. In a pot experiment with soils from Ntselamanzi and Gqumahashe Villages, manure rates ≥ 2.5 t ha-1 resulted in plant heights and fresh matter yield that compared well with the NPK fertilizer treatment in the Gqumahashe soil whereas only the 10 t ha-1 manure treatment was comparable to the NPK fertilizer treatment in the Ntselamanzi soil. Only treatments with ≥ 5 t ha-1 manure had stem girth (1.00 and 1.07 cm) that compared well to NPK fertilizer (1.03 cm) in the Ntselamanzi soil whereas in the Gqumahashe soil, all manure levels compared well to NPK fertilizer (1.02 cm). However, no significant difference was observed in plant height and stem girth and fresh matter due to soil type. In both soils, the 1.3-10 t ha-1 manure treatments had dry leaf weight comparable to plants fertilized with NPK fertilizer (3.72 g plant-1 for the Ntselamanzi soil and 3.65 g plant-1 for the Gqumahashe soil) and were bigger than the unfertilized control (2.2 g plant-1 for the Ntselamanzi soil and 1.38 g plant-1 for the Gqumahashe soil) at p < 0.05. Uptake of N, P and K increased as result of manure application but nonetheless, it was less when compared to plants fertilized with NPK fertilizer in both soils. In a field intercropping experiment carried out at Ntselamanzi, growth and yield of sole and intercropped Amaranthus plants grown with manure improved when compared to the unfertilized control and compared well to NPK fertilizer. At 30 days after transplanting (DAT), both sole and intercropped plants grown with ≥ 2.5 t ha-1 manure had fresh and dry matter yield comparable to plants fertilized with NPK fertilizer. At 60 DAT, intercropped plants grown with all manure levels had bigger fresh matter yield when compared to unfertilized control (836.0 g plant-1) whereas for sole cropped plants only those grown with ≥ 2.5 t ha-1 compared to NPK fertilizer (1467.7 g plant-1) at p < 0.05. Uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg increased with increase in manure application in both sole and intercropped Amaranthus. Whereas Amaranthus did not suffer from the competition in the intercrop, maize biomass and grain yield were severely reduced with the effects being evident after 60 DAT. Based on results of this study, it is therefore suggested that, if Amaranthus is to be intercropped with maize under dry land conditions of the Central Region of the Eastern Cape, sheep manure should at least be applied at rate of ≥ 2.5 t ha-1 and Amaranthus be harvested at 30 DAT.
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Avila, João Eduardo Tombi de. "Caminhos para a transição agroecológica : estudo com uma família do assentamento Fazenda Ipanema, Iperó (SP)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/130.
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Previous issue date: 2012-06-22Many farmers consider Agroecology a tool to produce sustainably. By changing their production systems, changing crops and inputs applied, aiming at a sustainable system, the family farmer search a transition agroecology. However, few among them can produce or advance in agroecological transition. A reason for this difficulty may be related to biomass production in quantity and quality to ensure the agroecosystems sustainability. The family agroecosystems tend to have greater biodiversity than large farms due to a tendency to polycultures, self, family pluriactivity, among other strategies. In this local biodiversity, plants play a key role and can be considered co-products. This study aimed to characterize a unit of production and family life (UPVF) adopting management practices aimed at agroecological transition, to discuss the importance of plant biomass in this transition process and to propose alternatives to achieve the fertility system. The research was developed at Iperó in Ipanema Farm settlement in the State of Sao Paulo. The UPVF studied occupies a plot of eight hectares and is divided into seven sectors of production. The family with whom this work was developed live in the settlement since 1992. The research aimed to detail the system features and the complexity of relationships in order to describe and analyze a case study setting. It was found that the biomass produced in UPVF did not meet the nutritional demand of the main sector of commercial product, the banana orchard. The proposed redesign sought to ally virtuous experiences and scenic beauty, attractive for humans. Thus, the UPVF redesign aimed at promoting the cradle areas of fertility, assisted in the production of plant biomass in abundance and quality (diversity), preferably in well accessible, as the surrounding residences, places of daily traffic and nearby areas containment of animals. Thus, it is expected to 16 contribute to the sense of pride in the family for the successful transformation of the local landscape and the awareness of what it represents.
Muitos agricultores familiares consideram a Agroecologia a base para se produzir de forma sustentável. Com base nos princípios agroecológicos, alguns deles alteram seus sistemas produtivos, modificam os cultivos e os insumos aplicados. Entretanto, poucos conseguem produzir ou avançar no sentido de obter uma produção sustentável, em termos ambientais e econômicos. Entre os possíveis fatores que dificultam essa transição agroecológica constata-se a dificuldade para produzir biomassa em quantidade e qualidade que garanta a sustentabilidade desses agroecossistemas. Os agroecossistemas familiares tendem a apresentar maior biodiversidade em relação às grandes propriedades rurais em função da tendência aos policultivos, autoconsumo, pluriatividade familiar, entre outras estratégias. Dentro dessa biodiversidade local, os vegetais desempenham um papel fundamental e podem ser considerados coprodutos da unidade produtiva. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivos caracterizar uma unidade de produção e vida familiar (UPVF) que adota práticas de manejo visando a transição agroecológica e propor alternativas de manejo para aumentar a produção de biomassa vegetal nesse processo de transição. A pesquisa se desenvolveu em Iperó, no assentamento Fazenda Ipanema, no Estado de São Paulo. A UPVF estudada ocupa um lote de oito hectares e está dividida em sete setores de produção. A família com quem se desenvolveu este trabalho vive no assentamento desde 1992. A pesquisa buscou detalhar as especificidades do sistema e a complexidade das relações, de forma a descrever e analisar a UPVF escolhida, estabelecendo um estudo de caso. Constatou-se que a biomassa produzida na UPVF não atendeu à demanda nutricional do principal setor de produção comercial do lote, o pomar de bananeiras. O redesenho proposto buscou aliar experiências bem sucedidas e beleza paisagística, um 14 atrativo para os seres humanos. Assim, o redesenho da UPVF teve por meta favorecer as áreas berço de fertilidade, apoiadas na produção de biomassa vegetal em abundância e qualidade (diversidade), de preferência, em locais bem acessíveis, como o entorno das residências, locais de trânsito diário e proximidades das áreas de confinamento dos animais. Dessa forma, espera-se contribuir para o sentimento de orgulho na família pelo êxito na transformação da paisagem local e a consciência do que ela representa.
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Båth, Birgitta. "Matching the availability of N mineralised from green-manure crops with the N-demand of field vegetables /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5754-8.pdf.
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Kapal, Debbie B. "Influence of a legume green manure crop on barley straw/stubble decomposition, and soil nitrogen retention and availability." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/701.
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The incorporation of cereal straw/stubble often immobilises nitrogen (N). This can help conserve N in soil in organic forms, thus reducing loss through leaching over dormant winter periods. However, N-depressions that arise during decomposition can reduce crop yield. The inclusion of a legume green manure can supply fixed-N, thus alleviating the low N availability to crops. In this study, the effect of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) green manure incorporation on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw/stubble decomposition, and N availability was investigated. A field experiment was used to determine the effects of the green manure on decomposition. Decomposition of straw/stubble was monitored using the litterbag technique. Following green manure incorporation, soil cores were incubated in a glasshouse to determine mineral-N availability. Though not significant, the inclusion of lupin green manure seemed to increase the decomposition of straw/stubble during the growth period, then slowing it after its incorporation at 110 d. This was described by a logarithmic pattern of loss of - 4.97 g AFDW residue day⁻¹, with 60% remaining after 140 d. Treatments without lupin had a linear decomposition of - 0.12 g AFDW residue day⁻¹, with 49% remaining after 140 d. The loss of cellulose confirmed the differences in decomposition with the inclusion of lupin resulting in 2.79% less cellulose remaining in straw/stubble after 140 d compared to its exclusion. Lupin significantly increased pot oat N uptake and DM yield by 55 % and 46 %, respectively, compared to its exclusion. However, this effect was not observed in field sown wheat yields and the soil mineral-N measurements made. This study showed that the potential of lupin to increase straw/stubble decomposition by improving the retention and availability of N, leading to long-term yield benefits, needed further investigation.
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Ciancio, Nathalia Haydee Riveros. "Fontes orgânicas e Mineral: produção de culturas, alteração nos atributos químicos do solo e transferência de formas de nitrogênio e de fósforo." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3366.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe pig slurry, pig deep-litter and cattle slurry applied in soils under no-tillage can serve as a source of nutrients for crops, increasing the production of dry matter of shoots and grain production. This is because, successive applications in the long term tend to change the soil chemical properties making it favorable for the development of agricultural crops, if handled properly. Moreover, these applications continued on the same area can promote the accumulation of nutrients in cultivated soils. Thus, there may be the transport of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to aquatic environments through runoff and or percolation, causing environmental imbalances. This aim of this study was to analyze the influence of continuous application of organic and mineral nutrient sources on grain yield and nutrient accumulation in crops and evaluate the changes in soil chemical properties and the transfer of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff and percolation under no-tillage. For this, two studies were developed: Study I aimed to evaluate, in the long term, the distribution of nutrients in the soil profile and the productivity of grain crops and ground cover plants when subjected to successive applications of organic and mineral sources nutrients. This study was conducted in a Typic Hapludalf with pig slurry applications (PS), cattle slurry (CS), pig deep-litter (PL) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) before the implementation of each of the succession culture: corn/oats in the years 2009/2010; 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 and in the year 2012/13 black oat /black beans. The study II aimed to evaluate transfers of forms of N and P by the drained solution and percolated in the same area subjected to successive applications of organic and mineral nutrient sources managed under no-tillage. In this experiment, samples were collected drained and leached solution and determined the total N, P-soluble P-particulate and P-total. The results obtained demonstrate that the CSS provided increment, both in the production of grain and dry matter accumulation and apparent recovery of N, P and K of cultures. The highest dry matter production of cultivated species and applications of different organic sources of nutrients promoted increase in levels of soil organic matter while allowing an increase in soil pH. Also provided the increase in important soil properties, such as the P, K, Ca and Mg available in the soil, in relation to the use of traditional mineral fertilization. The data showed that successive applications provide greater total-N transfer, surface runoff and percolation in the soil under the application of DLS and CSS. The largest transfers of P were observed in treatments with application of DLS, DLB and CSS in drained and leached solution. Therefore, it is essential to constantly monitor the quantities of organic and mineral sources added in crops, as well as the losses of N and P incurred pursuant to excess and / or in the same area, as these parameters are relevant when it aims to productivity and sustainability of agro-ecosystems.
Os dejetos líquidos de suínos e bovinos e a cama sobreposta de suínos aplicadas em solos sob plantio direto podem servir como fonte de nutrientes às culturas agrícolas, incrementando a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e a produtividade de grãos. Isso ocorre, pois as aplicações sucessivas em longo prazo tendem a alterar os atributos químicos do solo, tornando-o favorável para o desenvolvimento das culturas agrícolas, se manejado adequadamente. Por outro lado, essas aplicações continuadas sobre uma mesma área pode promover o acúmulo excessivo de nutrientes nos solos cultivados. Dessa forma, pode ocorrer o transporte de nutrientes, como o nitrogênio (N) e fósforo (P), para ambientes aquáticos por meio do escoamento superficial e/ou percolação, causando desequilíbrios ambientais. O presente estudo objetivou analisar a influência da aplicação continuada de fontes orgânicas e mineral de nutrientes sobre a produtividade de grãos e acúmulo de nutrientes em culturas, avaliar as alterações nos atributos químicos do solo e a transferência de nitrogênio e fósforo por escoamento superficial e percolação em um Argissolo sob sistema plantio direto. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos: O Estudo I objetivou avaliar, a distribuição de nutrientes no perfil do solo e a produtividade das culturas de grãos e plantas de cobertura, quando submetido a aplicações sucessivas de fontes orgânicas e mineral de nutrientes. Este estudo foi desenvolvido em um Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico arênico com aplicações de dejeto líquido de suínos (DLS), cama sobreposta de suínos (CSS), dejeto líquido de bovinos (DLB) e adubação mineral (NPK) antes da implantação de cada cultura da sucessão: milho/aveia preta, nos anos de 2009/2010; 2010/2011 e 2011/2012 e no ano de 2012/13 feijão preto/aveia preta. Para as culturas de milho e feijão foi avaliada a produtividade de grãos e, para todas as culturas, foi determinada a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e o acumulo de N, P e K no tecido vegetal. Em setembro de 2012, quando completou 12 aplicações das fontes orgânicas, amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8, 8-10, 10-12, 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-50 e 50-60 cm. Determinou-se o valor de pH em água (relação 1:1), os teores disponíveis de P, Cu e Zn, teores trocáveis de K, Al, Ca e Mg e os teores de matéria orgânica do solo. Calculou-se a CTCpH7,0, a saturação por Al, a saturação por bases e a acidez potencial (H+Al). O estudo II visou avaliar as transferências de formas de N e P pela solução escoada e percolada na mesma área submetida às aplicações sucessivas de fontes orgânica e mineral de nutrientes manejado sob sistema plantio direto. Nesse experimento foram coletadas amostras de solução escoada e percolada e determinado os teores de N-mineral, P-solúvel, P-particulado e P-total. Os resultados demostram que a CSS proporcionou incremento, tanto na produtividade de grãos quanto de matéria seca, acúmulo e recuperação aparente de N, P e K das culturas. As maiores produções de matéria seca das espécies cultivadas e as aplicações das diferentes fontes orgânicas de nutrientes promoveram incremento nos teores da matéria orgânica do solo ao mesmo tempo que permitiu um aumento no pH do solo. Além disso, proporcionou o incremento em atributos importantes do solo, tais como: nos teores P, K, Ca e Mg disponíveis no solo, em relação ao uso da adubação mineral tradicional. Os dados mostraram que as aplicações sucessivas proporcionam maior transferência de N-mineral, por escoamento superficial e percolação no solo submetido à aplicação de DLS e CSS. As maiores transferências de P foram observadas nos tratamentos com aplicação de DLS, DLB e CSS na solução escoada e percolada. Portanto, é imprescindível o monitoramento constante das quantidades de fontes orgânicas e mineral adicionadas nas lavouras, assim como, das perdas de N e P ocasionadas pela aplicação em excesso e/ou na mesma área, já que esses parâmetros são relevantes quando se almeja produtividade e sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas.
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Sun, Huawei. "Theoretical and experimental study of a high rise hog building for improved utilization and environmental quality protection." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1079066940.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 200 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Frederick C. Michel, Jr., Dept. of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-181).
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Zuim, Carlos Eduardo. "Efeito de adubação orgânica e mineral e culturas de entressafra na cultura da soja (Glycine max (L) Merrill) no sistema plantio direto /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98880.
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Orientador: Edson LazariniBanca: Marco Eustáquio de Sá
Banca: Edson Luiz Mendes Coutinho
Resumo: A busca pela qualidade do solo como base de sustentação do sistema de produção, tem aumentado o desafio de compreender um sistema que, além de reduzir sensivelmente a degradação do meio ambiente, pode permitir maior retorno econômico ao agricultor. Nesse sentido o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de abril de 2005 a abril de 2006, com o objetivo de avaliar na cultura da soja, no sistema de plantio direto, o efeito de diferentes culturas de cobertura e presença ou ausência de adubação orgânica e mineral. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Guararapes-SP (50°39'W, 21°09'S e 412 m de altitude aproximadamente) em um Latossolo Vermelho amarelo, com textura média, sendo cultivado com culturas anuais a partir de 1993. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições, com os tratamentos dispostos em um esquema fatorial 5x2x2, ou seja, 5 culturas de cobertura (milho, milheto, sorgo, braquiária e mamona), cultivadas no período de outono/inverno, na presença e ausência de adubação orgânica (11.512 kg/ha de esterco de galinha), sendo semeado em sucessão, a cultura da soja, cultivar MGBR 46 (Conquista), na presença ou ausência de adubação mineral (500 kg/ha da fórmula 02-20-15). As culturas de cobertura e a soja foram irrigadas pelo sistema pivô central. As avaliações constaram da produção de massa seca das culturas de cobertura, estado nutricional da soja no florescimento pleno, características agronômicas e produção de grãos da soja e características químicas do solo, em diferentes profundidades, após o cultivo da soja. Através dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o milho apresentou maior produção de massa seca como cultura de cobertura, mas todas as ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The search for the soil quality as sustentation base of production system, has stimulated the challenge to understand a system that, beyond sensibly reducing the environment degradation, may allows greater economic return to the farmer. Thus, the present work was developed in the period of April 2005 to April 2006, with the objective to evaluate in soybean crop, in no tillage system, the effect of different cover crops and presence or absence of organic and mineral fertilization. The work was developed at the municipal district of Guararapes, State of São Paulo (50°39' W, 21°09' S and 412 m altitude approximately) in a Typic Haplustox, with sandy texture, being cultivated with annual crops since 1993. The exeprimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications, with treatments disposed in a 5x2x2 factorial scheme, i.e., five cover crops (corn, millet, sorghum, braquiaria grass and castor bean), cultivated in the autumn/winter period, in presence and absence of organic fertilization (11,512 kg ha-1 of chicken manure fertilizer), being sowedin succession of soybean crop, MGBR 46 cultivar, in presence or absence of mineral fertilization (500 kg ha-1 of 02-20-15 formula). The cover cultures and soybean had been irrigated by center pivot irrigation systems.The evaluations was cover crops dry matter production, nutritional status in flowering, agronomic characteristics and soybean grain production, soil chemical characteristis, in different depths, after soybean. Through the obtained results, it verified that the corn presents greater dry matter production as cover crop, but all the evaluated cover crops are adjusted to precede soybean; organic fertilization increases cover crop dry matter production, beyond provided significant P, Ca and K increases in 0 to 0.05 and 0.05 to 0.10 m depth and P and K in 0.10 to 0.20 m depth; ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Magnusson, Margareta. "Soil pH and nutrient uptake in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var botrytis) and Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) in northern Sweden : multielement studies by means of plant and soil analyses /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5750-5.pdf.
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Vinberg, Ulrika. "Övergödning av Mälaren : Betydelsen av antalet beviljade dispenser av stallgödselspridning vid Sagån." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10063.
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Eutrophication was recognized in the early 1900's and results in severe algal blooms, increased biomass production and eventually leads to an altered ecosystem. In Mälardalen we find the most eutrophic lakes. Most of the applied phosphorus and nitrogen into seas and oceans comes from agriculture, and the nutrients losses are affected by local weather conditions and soil type. Guidelines for storage and distribution of manure were introduced in the 80s, and the rules were strengthened January 1, 2010. Localities and previous county administrations can whether there are special reasons, grant an exemption for manure application during winter-periods despite the current ban.
In this essay I have examined how many exemptions of manure application that has been granted at the Sagån river, and what implications it has for the eutrophication of Lake Mälaren. Sagån’s catchment area extends through Enköping, Sala, Heby, Västerås and Uppsala. Since 2000, 23 waivers of manure application have been granted, most of these deviations have occurred on snow-covered ground or when the weather change considerably. This means that much of the nutriment in the manure went down to the nearby water when the snow melted. Computations were made In order to find out how much phosphorus was spread each time. The conclusion is that the pig manure contains significantly more phosphorus, meaning greater phosphorus losses. However, these calculations are only estimates.
Several farmers were contacted to find out what they think about the regulation of the management and application of manure. They believe that the new legislation does not pose a problem for them. But farmers with small distribution areas in relation to the number of animals could have some problems.
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Ayaga, George Odwar. "Improving the efficiency of phosphate utilization in low-input maize production in Kenya." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324009.
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Pecegueiro, do Amaral Maira Freire. "EVALUATION OF ALGAE CONCENTRATION IN MANURE BASED MEDIA." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/5.
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Algae can be used to treat wastewater and manure while producing a feedstock for renewable energy. Algae require nutrients to achieve their maximum growth and manure could provide those nutrients, thereby reducing the cost of algae production and the impact of manure treatment. Algae concentration during cultivation is a critical variable that is difficult to measure due to the high concentration of suspended solids present in manure. This dissertation addresses methods to measure algae concentration in the presence of manure solids.
Quantifying the algae concentration gravimetrically or by optical density was unreliable due to manure solids interfering with the measurement. Cell counting to determine algae concentration was accurate but time consuming, subjective, required dilution of concentrated samples and only small sample volumes could be measured. Chlorophyll extraction was a consistent method to determine algae concentration in manure based media, but the model had to be adjusted to account for solids interference. The proposed equation predicted chlorophyll concentration from Chlorella vulgaris in dairy manure better than the reference equation. Different algae strains (Chlorella vulgaris, Cylindrocystis sp, and Scenedesmus sp.) and manure sources (dairy, beef, swine, and sheep) were used to validate the proposed equation and all combinations had a linear relationship between actual and predicted chlorophyll concentration, but not all comparisons followed a 1:1 reference line. Even with chlorophyll extraction the manure solids interfered with the chlorophyll measurement and calibrations had to be developed based on manure type.
A method based on spectral deconvolution was used to quantify algae concentration in the presence of manure without chlorophyll extraction. Various manure-algae mixtures were scanned with a spectrophotometer. Algae concentration was accurately determined with the four manure sources. Measuring algae concentration required absorbance spectra from 600 to 700 nm and manure solids concentration between 280 and 350 nm. Spectral deconvolution was able to differentiate algae concentration and manure solids concentration with a Pearson coefficient of 95.3% and 99.8% respectively. This method proved to be an accurate and efficient method for estimating algae and manure solids content in unprocessed samples. A critical factor was utilizing appropriate reference spectra.
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Muller, Fernando. "Volatilização de amônia com o uso de dejetos de suínos com pH modificado." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2018. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3950.
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In western Paraná the production of pigs in feedlot system is in a large scale, resulting in a wide production of manure with a high power of environmental pollution if not treated correctly. The use of this manure as biofertilizers may be an interesting alternative for the agricultural sector by providing nutrients to plants, especially nitrogen. In addition, the biofertilizer can improve soil fertility by increasing its organic matter. However, after the application of nitrogen to the soil, gaseous losses of this nutrient may occur, denominated ammonia volatilization, which can be intensified by different factors. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the fertilization of soybean with liquid swine manure and the loss of nitrogen by volatilization after the application of it with different pHs. The work was conducted in two experiments. The first one was conducted in the 2015/2016 under no-tillage system with soybean crop. On the day of sowing, the treatments were composed of three doses of liquid swine manure (48; 96 and 144 m3 ha-1), plus additional treatments, which were the control (without fertilization) and a treatment with mineral fertilization (300 kg ha-1 of NPK formulation 04-30-10). The productivity of grains, green stems, heights of plants and one hundred grain mass were analyzed. The second work was conducted in a greenhouse during the period from October to December 2017. The ammonia volatilization was evaluated according to the adjusted pH of the liquid swine manure, being 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0 and 7.4 (natural manure). Further, two additional treatments were evaluated: natural manure + agricultural gypsum and the control (without application of manure). In order to capture the volatilized ammonia, Sale type collectors were used, with a static free semi-open chamber. The volatilization flow, accumulated volatilization and percentage of ammonia loss were analyzed. The mineral fertilization of soybean crop can be replaced by fertilization with liquid swine manure, mainly in high fertility soils. The fertilization with 48 m³ ha-1 was able to supply the nutritional need of the soybean crop according to the productivity obtained. The application of liquid swine manure with natural pH (7,4) provided high losses of ammonia, around 46 % higher. With the acidification of the manure by adjusting the pH around 3 to 5, a great reduction to 5 % of loss of nitrogen by volatilization was observed.
No oeste do Paraná a produção de suínos em sistema de confinamento é de grande escala, resultando em alta produção de dejetos, com grande potencial para poluição ambiental se não tratados de forma correta. A utilização desses dejetos como biofertlizante pode ser uma alternativa interessante para o setor agrícola pelo fornecimento de nutrientes às plantas, principalmente o nitrogênio. Além do mais, a aplicação do biofertilizante pode melhorar a fertilidade do solo pelo incremento da matéria orgânica. Entretanto, após a aplicação de nitrogênio no solo podem ocorrer perdas gasosas desse nutriente, principalmente sob a forma de amônia. Esse processo é denominado volatilização e pode ser intensificado por diferentes fatores. Assim, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a adubação da soja com dejetos líquidos de suínos e a perda de nitrogênio por volatilização após a aplicação dos dejetos com diferentes pHs. O trabalho foi conduzido em dois experimentos. O primeiro foi conduzido na safra 2015/2016 em sistema de plantio direto com a cultura da soja. No dia da semeadura foram aplicados os tratamentos compostos por três doses de dejeto líquido de suínos (48; 96 e 144 m3 ha-1), mais os tratamentos adicionais, que foram a testemunha (sem adubação) e um tratamento com adubação mineral (300 kg ha-1 do formulado NPK 04-20-10). Foram analisados a produtividade de grãos, hastes verdes, alturas de plantas e massa de cem grãos. O segundo trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação durante o período de outubro a dezembro de 2017. Foi avaliada a volatilização da amônia em função dos pHs ajustados do dejeto líquido de suínos, sendo 3,0; 4,0; 5,0; 6,0 e 7,4 (natural do dejeto). Além disso, foram avaliados dois tratamento adicionais: dejeto natural + gesso agrícola e a testemunha (sem aplicação de dejeto). Para captação da amônia volatilizada foram utilizados coletores do tipo Sale, com câmara semiaberta livre estática. Foram analisados o fluxo de volatilização; volatilização acumulada e porcentagem de perda de amônia. A adubação mineral da cultura da soja pode ser substituída pela adubação com dejeto líquido de suínos, principalmente em solos de fertilidade alta. A adubação com 48 m³ ha-1 de dejeto líquido de suínos foi capaz de suprir a necessidade nutricional da cultura da soja conforme a produtividade obtida. A aplicação do dejeto líquido de suínos com pH natural (7,4) proporcionou altas perdas de amônia, em torno de 46 %. Com a acidificação dos dejetos ajustando-se o pH em torno de 3 a 5 houve e redução para 5 % de perda de nitrogênio por volatilização.
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Silva, Adriane de Andrade [UNESP]. "Viabilidade técnica e econômica da implantação da biodigestão anaeróbia e aplicação de biofertilizante nos atributos de solo e plantas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104960.
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silva_aa_dr_jabo.pdf: 637049 bytes, checksum: 5ae6ccd522ca36efab6ebab2ca5ea62e (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Sansuy S.A. Industria de Plasticos
Universidade Federal de Uberlandia
A necessidade de ampliação de atitudes que levam o meio rural a buscar a sustentabilidade e a implantação do uso da biodigestão anaeróbia tem sido incentivada por se tratar de um mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo que alia a importância do tratamento dos resíduos agropecuários (dejetos), geração de energia (biogás) e biofertilizante. Desenvolveu-se um estudo em que se focou a hipótese que a implantação de sistema de tratamento de dejetos, com o uso de biodigestor anaeróbio e o aproveitamento dos seus produtos, o biofertilizante, poderia substituir a adubação mineral nitrogenada de cobertura no cultivo de forrageiras e que essa prática poderia reduzir o custo de adubação e promover ganhos adicionais com a geração de energia elétrica e ganhos ambientais, com a redução de emissão de metano e produção do biogás. Utilizou-se como ferramenta para embasar a hipótese três cultivos de forrageira, um de sorgo e dois de milho. Observou-se que a aplicação de biofertilizante e composto bovino não promoveram aumentos significativos na produtividade das culturas. Paralelamente desenvolveu-se a implantação de um biodigestor de manta de PVC flexível que serviu de parâmetros para a simulação da viabilidade econômica de um sistema de criação de bovino para 100 vacas leiteiras e um sistema de criação de suínos de ciclo completo para 500 matrizes. Conclui-se que projetos que contemplam o princípio da interdisciplinaridade podem auxiliar de maneira mais efetiva na tomada de decisão de implantação de soluções ambientalmente corretas que podem ser também economicamente viáveis.
Because of the need for expansion of attitudes that lead to rural areas to seek sustainability. The introduction of the use of anaerobic digestion has been encouraged by the case of a clean development mechanism that combines the importance of processing of agricultural waste (manure), generation of energy (biogas) and biofertilizer. Has developed a study that focused on the hypothesis that the deployment system for the treatment of waste using anaerobic biodigest and use products, the biofertilizer, could replace mineral nitrogen fertilization in coverage the cultivation of fodder and that this practice could reduce the cost of fertilizer and promote additional gains in the generation of electric energy and environmental gains, such as reducing the emission of methane. It was used as a tool for the hypothesis based three of forage crops, one the sorghum and two maize. It was observed that the application of biofertilizer and compost cattle did not promote significant increases in productivity of crops. Developed in parallel to implement a blanket biodigest of flexible PVC that served as parameters for the simulation of the economic viability of a system for creating and veal to 100 dairy cows and a pig breeding cycle of full matrix for 500. It is concluded that projects that include the principle of interdisciplinarity can assist more effectively in decision making for the deployment of environmentally correct solutions that can be economically viable.
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Zeng, Xuhui. "Exploring Bioelectrochemical Systems for Removal and Recovery of Hexavalent Chromium or Nutrients." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71877.
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Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) is a platform technology that is able to realize versatile engineering functions and recover valuable resources in an energy-efficient manner. One of the potential applications of BES is to remove and recover nutrients simultaneously from nutrient-rich wastewater, such as digested manure from livestock. A four-chamber BES was developed and used in this study to explore the potential to remove and recover hexavalent Chromium from synthetic wastewater, and ammonia and phosphate from digested manure. The BES was able to achieve 99.6% removal of Chromium by membrane adsorption in 5 days but failed to recover in the concentration chamber. Nutrients were removed from the waste stream and recovered in the recirculated catholyte by the electrical field generated from the waste. The BES was demonstrated to achieve substantial COD removal, nutrients removal and recovery. On average, the removal efficiencies were about 50% for COD, 85% for NH4-N and 40% for PO4-P, and the concentration of NH4-N recovered in the catholyte was 670 mg/L after 5 cycles under an applied voltage of 0.8 V. PO4-P was not recovered in solution, probably because it has precipitated under the alkaline condition together with Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentrated in the catholyte. It was also demonstrated that nutrients removal and recovery depended on the current generation and were mostly completed at high current. To sum up, the BES was proven to be an effective and sustainable approach to remove and recover nutrients from digested manure.Master of Science
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Teklay, Tesfay. "Organic inputs from agroforestry trees on farms for improving soil quality and crop productivity in Ethiopia /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005122.pdf.
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Kihanda, Francis Muchoki. "The role of farmyard manure in improving maize production in the sub-humid highlands of Central Kenya." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360728.
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Mishra, Anurag. "Nutrient and Bacterial Transport From Agricultural Lands Fertlized With Different Animal Manures." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41635.
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The increase of animal agriculture coupled with excess manure production, and the reduced availability of land has led to the over application of animal manure on agricultural fields. The excessive application of manure is responsible for nutrient and bacterial pollution of downstream waterbodies. Manure application based on the crop phosphorus (P) requirements has been recommended as a viable method to reduce nutrient pollution. A plot scale study was conducted to measure the loss of nutrients and bacterial transport in runoff from cropland treated with poultry litter, dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer according to the P requirements of the crop.
Three simulated rainfall events were conducted 1, 2 and 35 days after planting of corn. Highest P and N concentrations were observed in the runoff from plots treated with poultry litter, followed by dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer. The poultry litter treated plots exhibited highest concentrations of bioavailable P in the runoff, compared to all other treatments. The P from poultry litter treated plots was also mostly in the soluble form, which underscores the need to control the runoff from cropland in order to decrease the P losses from the poultry litter treated fields. The edge of the field nutrient concentrations observed in this study were high enough to cause severe to moderate eutrophication problems in downstream waterbodies unless they are diluted. In general, nutrient concentrations were lower during the second simulated event, compared with those from the first event. A significant reduction in the nutrient concentrations of runoff was observed from the second to the third simulated event for all the treatments. This reduction was attributed to the loss of nutrients by natural rainfall-runoff events during the time period between the second and the third simulated rainfall event, plant uptake of nutrients, sorption and leaching processes.
The indicator bacteria analyzed in the present study were fecal Coliform (FC), Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) and Enterococcus (ENT). The bacterial concentrations reported in the runoff for the first and second simulated events were 104 to 105 times higher than the federal and state limits for primary contact recreation waters. No significant effect of treatments was observed on the bacterial concentrations in runoff. The highest concentrations were observed for FC, followed by ENT and EC in the runoff. The ratio of bacteria removed in runoff to the bacteria applied also followed the above trend. The concentrations of bacteria generally increased from the first to second simulated event; unlike the nutrients. However, the bacterial concentrations dropped significantly from second to the third simulated rainfall event to the levels lower than those designated for primary contact recreation water limits. This reduction was attributed to the washing away of bacteria by the heavy rainfall-runoff events in the period between second and third simulated rainfall events and the die-off of bacteria.
The results reported from this study suggest that the manure application based on crop P requirements can also be a significant source of nutrient pollution and should be coupled with other best management practices (BMPs) also to reduce nutrient pollution. The results also suggest that the manure treated cropland can be a source for significant indicator bacterial pollution and appropriate BMPs are required to mitigate their effect.Master of Science
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Soupir, Michelle Lynn. "Release and Transport of Bacteria and Nutrients from Livestock Manure Applied to Pastureland." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34471.
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Transport of fecal bacteria and nutrients from point and nonpoint sources to surface water bodies is of significant concern in Virginia and the United States. In Virginia, 4,320 river miles are impaired for one or more beneficial use and 72% of the streams are impaired due to pathogen indicators (VDEQ, 2002). Land applications of manure from confined animal systems and by direct deposit by grazing animals are both major sources of fecal bacteria and nutrients in runoff. Therefore, an understanding of the overland transport mechanisms for fecal bacteria and nutrients is very important for the development of best management practices to reduce loading of pathogens and nutrients to surface water bodies. The objectives of this study were to quantify the release and transport potential of three fecal bacterial indicators: E. coli, Enterococcus, and fecal coliforms; and nitrogen and phosphorus from land applied manure during runoff events. Another objective was to identify the Enterococcus species present in dairy manure and determine which species have the highest potential to be transported by runoff.
Release plots were established to study the in-field bacteria and nutrient release. The bacteria and nutrients released from the plots are available to be transported to the edge of the field in runoff. Four manure treatments (turkey litter, liquid dairy manure, cowpies, and none or control) and three land type treatments: pasture with a history of poultry litter application (Turkey Farm), pasture with a history of liquid dairy manure application (Dairy Farm), and pasture with no prior manure application (Tech Research Farm) were studied. During a short but intense rainfall event, the highest bacterial release was measured under the cowpie treatment (E. coli concentrations ranging from 37,000 to >300,000 and FC concentrations ranging from 65,000 to >300,000). Pasturelands with a history of previous manure applications did not release higher bacteria concentrations compared with pasturelands which had never received manure applications. Pasturelands with a history of land application of liquid dairy manure and turkey litter had 143% and 94% higher TSS concentrations available to be transported off the field during overland flow events because of the build up of organic material on the soil surface. TP concentrations released from the cowpie, liquid dairy, and turkey litter treatments were 3.12 mg/L, 3.00 mg/L, and 1.76 mg/L, respectively.
Transport plots were developed to measure the concentrations of fecal bacteria and nutrients present in overland flow at the edge of the field. The bacteria flow-weighted concentrations were highest in runoff samples from the plots treated with cowpies (200,000 CFU/100 mL of E. coli and 234,000 CFU/100 mL of FC). The turkey litter had the highest concentration of dissolved phosphorus in runoff from pasturelands (1.22 mg/L), but the cowpie treatment had the highest concentrations of sediment bound phosphorus in runoff (0.73 mg/L). All three treatments investigated in this study contributed to phosphorus loading in surface waters and could potentially increase the risk of eutrophication. Total nitrogen concentrations from the transport plots exceeded the threshold for likely eutrophication problems for all treatments and the total nitrogen concentrations from plots treated with cowpies exceeded the threshold for severe eutrophication problems.
The Biolog System, a method of bacterial source tracking, was used to identify the different species of Enterococcus present both in the cowpie source manure and in the runoff collected from the transport plots treated with cowpies. The source manure is dominated by the Enterococcus mundtii (55%), Enterococcus gallinarum (20%), Enterococcus faecium (10%), and Enterococcus faecalis (10%). Enterococcus faecalis had the highest percentage of isolates present in runoff with a total of 37%, followed by Enterococcus mundtii which was present in 21% of the runoff events and Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus faecium (11%).
Improvements in understanding the bacterial release and overland processes will enhance modeling of bacteria and nutrient transport, and provide a basis for a more realistic evaluation of the impacts of management practices implementation. The data from this study will serve as a baseline to model the release and transport of fecal bacteria and nutrients from agricultural watersheds to surface waters.
Master of Science
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Williams, Rachel. "Effectiveness of Biochar Addition in Reducing Concentrations of Selected Nutrients and Bacteria in Runoff." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/40.
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Land application and storage of horse manure and municipal sludge can increase nutrient and bacteria concentrations in runoff. Biochar increases soil nutrient retention when used as a soil amendment. The objectives of this study were to determine if biochar, when mixed with horse manure or sludge, affects runoff concentrations of total Kjehldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrate (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved phosphorus (DP), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and fecal coliforms (FC). Horse manure and sludge were applied to 2.4 x 6.1 m fescue plots (six each), with three plots of each material amended with 5-8% biochar w/w. Simulated rainfall (101.6 mm/h) was applied to the 12 treatment plots and three control plots. The first 0.5 h of runoff was collected and analyzed for the above-listed parameters. The data were analyzed using an ANCOVA, with SCS runoff curve number (CN) used as the covariate. In general, CN was directly correlated to runoff concentrations of parameters. Plots with low CN values displayed no treatment differences for any measured parameter. Biochar reduced runoff concentrations of TKN and NH3-N for municipal sludge treatments, and TKN, NH3-N, TP, TSS, and FC for horse manure treatments.
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Lux, Guido. "Einfluss organischer Düngung auf Ertrag, symbiotische N2-Fixierung und Nährstoffaufnahme von Saatplatterbse (Lathyrus sativus L.), Ackerbohne (Vicia faba L.) und Rotklee (Trifolium pratense L.) sowie auf Ertrag eines nachfolgenden Winterweizens (Triticum aestivum L.)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17443.
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Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, zu untersuchen, ob sich mit der Düngung von Stroh, Gehölzhäcksel, frischem Pferdemist und Grüngutkompost die Ertragsleistung und Nährstoffaufnahme von Leguminosen sowie der Folgefrucht Winterweizen steigern lässt. Darüber hinaus sollte die Aufnahme von düngebürtigem Kohlenstoff durch Rotklee mittels 13-C-angereichertem Stroh quantifiziert werden. Die Verfügbarkeit von Kalium, teilweise auch von Schwefel und Molybdän, wurde vor allem nach der Düngung von Grüngutkompost und von Pferdemist für die untersuchten Leguminosen verbessert, während nach der Düngung von Gehölzhäcksel und Stroh keine signifikanten Effekte auf die Nährstoffaufnahme der Pflanzen festgestellt werden konnten. Die scheinbare Ausnutzung des gedüngten Stickstoffs durch die Leguminosen lag in Abhängigkeit von der Düngung zwischen 0 und 9 % (Gehölzhäcksel < Grüngutkompost < Pferdemist < Stroh). Nur nach der Düngung von Pferdemist zu Saatplatterbse und Ackerbohne verringerte sich der Anteil an symbiotisch fixiertem Luftstickstoff am Spross-N gegenüber der Kontrolle, nicht jedoch die symbiotisch fixierte N-Menge. Der Vorrat an mineralischem Stickstoff im Boden in einer Tiefe von 0 bis 30 cm war unter Ackerbohne und Rotklee ca. 40 Tage nach der Düngung und Einarbeitung von Gehölzhäcksel gegenüber den Vergleichsvarianten und der Kontrolle deutlich vermindert. Ein Einfluss der durch die Düngung bedingten temporären N-Festlegung im Boden auf den Anteil an fixiertem Luftstickstoff am Spross-N konnte bei keiner der untersuchten Leguminosen festgestellt werden. Der nachfolgende Winterweizen reagierte in einem Jahr mit signifikant höherem Kornertrag auf die Düngung von Grüngutkompost zu Ackerbohne und erhöhtem Rohproteingehalt im Korn auf die Düngung von Pferdemist zu Saatplatterbse. Mit Hilfe von 13-C-markiertem Stroh wurde im Freiland eine Assimilation von 0,5 % der mit dem Stroh gedüngten Kohlenstoffmenge durch Rotklee ermittelt.The aim of this study was to examine, whether the application of wheat straw, pruning, horse manure and green compost improves the yield formation and nutrient uptake of legumes and the succeeding crop winter wheat. Furthermore it should be quantified the amount of carbon in red clover derived from the organic fertilizer by carbon dioxid assimilation. An improved uptake of potassium, partially of sulphur and molybdenum for the legumes could be detected after the application of green compost and horse manure. No effects were found on plant nutrient uptake after the application of straw and pruning. The apparent utilization of the applied nitrogen by organic fertilizer was 0 to 9 %, depending on the fertilization (pruning < green compost < horse manure < straw). The proportion of symbiontically fixed nitrogen decrease in faba bean and in chick-pea after manuring with horse manure compared with the control. However the total amount of symbiotically fixed nitrogen did not decreased. The amount of mineral nitrogen in the soil (depth: 0 to 0,3 m) was significant reduced under faba bean and red clover, 40 days after application and incorporation of pruning. No effect on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of the legumes was found because of the organic fertilizer induced temporary immobilization of nitrogen in this soil layer. An increased grain yield was determined in the succeeding winter wheat after fertilizing green compost to faba bean and a higher content of crude protein in grain of the wheat was determined after fertilizing horse manure to chick-pea. With the help of a 13C-tracer method it could be estimated, that about 0,5 % of the added carbon with straw was assimilated by red clover under field conditions.
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Adams, Zachry Clay Adams James F. "Comparison of broiler litter, broiler litter ash with reagent grade materials as sources of plant nutrients." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/ADAMS_ZACHRY_50.pdf.
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Sherchan, Dil Prasad. "The potential of Tithonia diversifolia and other species as green manures for highly productive farming systems in the Nepalese Terai." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367394.
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Silva, Adriane de Andrade. "Viabilidade técnica e econômica da implantação da biodigestão anaeróbia e aplicação de biofertilizante nos atributos de solo e plantas /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104960.
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Orientador: Jorge de Lucas JuniorBanca: Beno Wendling
Banca: João Antônio Galbiatti
Banca: Regina Maria Quintão Lana
Banca: Elias Nascentes Borges
Resumo: A necessidade de ampliação de atitudes que levam o meio rural a buscar a sustentabilidade e a implantação do uso da biodigestão anaeróbia tem sido incentivada por se tratar de um mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo que alia a importância do tratamento dos resíduos agropecuários (dejetos), geração de energia (biogás) e biofertilizante. Desenvolveu-se um estudo em que se focou a hipótese que a implantação de sistema de tratamento de dejetos, com o uso de biodigestor anaeróbio e o aproveitamento dos seus produtos, o biofertilizante, poderia substituir a adubação mineral nitrogenada de cobertura no cultivo de forrageiras e que essa prática poderia reduzir o custo de adubação e promover ganhos adicionais com a geração de energia elétrica e ganhos ambientais, com a redução de emissão de metano e produção do biogás. Utilizou-se como ferramenta para embasar a hipótese três cultivos de forrageira, um de sorgo e dois de milho. Observou-se que a aplicação de biofertilizante e composto bovino não promoveram aumentos significativos na produtividade das culturas. Paralelamente desenvolveu-se a implantação de um biodigestor de manta de PVC flexível que serviu de parâmetros para a simulação da viabilidade econômica de um sistema de criação de bovino para 100 vacas leiteiras e um sistema de criação de suínos de ciclo completo para 500 matrizes. Conclui-se que projetos que contemplam o princípio da interdisciplinaridade podem auxiliar de maneira mais efetiva na tomada de decisão de implantação de soluções ambientalmente corretas que podem ser também economicamente viáveis.
Abstract: Because of the need for expansion of attitudes that lead to rural areas to seek sustainability. The introduction of the use of anaerobic digestion has been encouraged by the case of a clean development mechanism that combines the importance of processing of agricultural waste (manure), generation of energy (biogas) and biofertilizer. Has developed a study that focused on the hypothesis that the deployment system for the treatment of waste using anaerobic biodigest and use products, the biofertilizer, could replace mineral nitrogen fertilization in coverage the cultivation of fodder and that this practice could reduce the cost of fertilizer and promote additional gains in the generation of electric energy and environmental gains, such as reducing the emission of methane. It was used as a tool for the hypothesis based three of forage crops, one the sorghum and two maize. It was observed that the application of biofertilizer and compost cattle did not promote significant increases in productivity of crops. Developed in parallel to implement a blanket biodigest of flexible PVC that served as parameters for the simulation of the economic viability of a system for creating and veal to 100 dairy cows and a pig breeding cycle of full matrix for 500. It is concluded that projects that include the principle of interdisciplinarity can assist more effectively in decision making for the deployment of environmentally correct solutions that can be economically viable.
Doutor
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PIASENTIN, RICARDO M. "Acompanhamento da variacao mineral de duas cultivares de guandu (Cajanus cajan(L.)Millsp) submetidas a diferentes doses de fertilizantes, pelo metodo de analise por ativacao com neutrons." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10903.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP