Journal articles: 'Manure management'

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Murphy, James P. "Swine Manure Management." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 10 (January 1, 1996): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.6480.

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Smith, John M. "MANURE SPILL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 16 (January 1, 2000): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700784994777.

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van der Meer, H. G. "Optimising manure management for GHG outcomes." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 2 (2008): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07214.

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This paper focuses on improvements to livestock manure management to reduce environmental pollution and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Livestock manures contain large amounts of plant nutrients and organic matter (OM). Structural changes to livestock production and ample supply of cheap chemical fertilisers have decreased the interest and possibilities of farmers in using manure for the fertilisation of crops and grasslands and maintenance of soil fertility. As a result, many livestock producers dispose of manure as cheaply as possible causing serious pollution of soil, water and atmosphere. In addition, livestock production systems contribute to climate change by emission of the GHG carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Careful recycling of livestock manures to fertilise crops and grasslands and improve soil fertility is considered the most suitable and cost-effective option for environmentally friendly disposal. Manure management legislation in The Netherlands is described to explain the principles. These include complete collection of faeces and urine of confined livestock, adaptation of the period and rate of manure application to the N and P requirements of crops, and use of manure collection, storage and application techniques aiming at low ammonia (NH3) losses. Effects of sustainable manure management on GHG emissions are described. Optimising the period, rate and technique of manure application to crops and grassland causes effective utilisation of manure N and reduces direct and indirect losses of N2O. In addition, effective recycling of manure nutrients and OM allows a reduction in the use of chemical fertilisers and fossil energy and contributes to the maintenance or improvement of the carbon content of agricultural ecosystems. The relatively high costs of sustainable manure management stimulate farmers to optimise feed conversion and minimise manure production per unit of product by good livestock feeding and management practices. High feed conversion efficiency reduces CH4 emission by enteric fermentation and may reduce feed imports and related GHG emissions. In addition, it is shown that livestock categories differ widely in feed conversion efficiency and N and P excretion per unit of product. Finally, anaerobic digestion of livestock slurries provides a valuable energy source and reduces CH4 emission of stored slurry and, possibly, N2O emission after field application of the slurry.

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Miller, Jim J., and Bruce W. Beasley. "Influence of Livestock Manure Type on Transport of Escherichia coli in Surface Runoff." Water Quality Research Journal 43, no. 2-3 (May 1, 2008): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2008.016.

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Abstract Since livestock manure type may influence transport of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in runoff, the choice of which type of livestock manure to apply to cropland may be a potential beneficial management practice (BMP) to reduce and manage E. coli in runoff. Four common manure types (beef, dairy, chicken, hog) were applied to a clay loam soil in small runoff boxes, and a rainfall simulator was used to generate artificial runoff. Runoff samples were collected at three successive time intervals (0 to 5, 5 to 15, 15 to 30 min) and analyzed for flow-weighted mean concentrations (FWMC) of E. coli as well as mass loss of E. coli expressed as a percentage of total E. coli applied. Manure treatment had a significant (p ≤ 0.10) influence on FWMC of E. coli in runoff. The FWMC of E. coli in runoff for the dairy (33.3 CFU per 100 mL) treatment was similar to the control (3.2 CFU per 100 mL), but E. coli concentrations for the beef (955 CFU per 100 mL), chicken (1,134 CFU per 100 mL), and hog (368 CFU per 100 mL) treatments were all significantly greater than the control. The FWMC values were not significantly different among the four manured treatments except for dairy versus chicken manure, where values were significantly lower for dairy manure. Concentrations of E. coli were less than the guideline for recreation waters (< 200 CFU per 100 mL) for the control and dairy treatment, but exceeded this guideline for beef, chicken, and hog manures, suggesting that dairy manure may be better than the other three manures for protecting surface water bodies for recreational use. Our study suggests that manure type may be a possible BMP to manage and control FWMC of E. coli in surface waters.

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Nielsen, V. C. "Manure management and environmental effects." BSAP Occasional Publication 11 (January 1987): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00001841.

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AbstractThe management of pig manures and slurries has not responded to the changes that have occurred in the development of pig farms. Management systems have remained unchanged despite the fact that the majority of pigs (64%) are kept on 10–3% of all pig units. The pressures of heavy applications of manures on restricted areas of land and the large numbers of animals kept in buildings has given rise to environmental pollution by odours and by contamination of water and of the soil.The cause of odour formation in buildings is discussed, together with the effects of dust on odour dispersion. Methods of reducing odours and the effect of straw on odour formation and slurry handling are discussed.Methods of controlling odours from buildings, stores and from manure applied to the land are reviewed and areas which need further research and development are proposed.Environmental pollution by manures and slurries of water and soils and measures to control pollution are reviewed.

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Veljković, B., R. Koprivica, D. Radivojević, and Z. Mileusnić. "Manure management on dairy farms." Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika 42, no. 4 (2016): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/savpoljteh1602085v.

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BARTH, C. L. "Fly Control Through Manure Management." Poultry Science 65, no. 4 (April 1986): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0650668.

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Leytem, April, and James Mutegi. "Manure Phosphorus Management from a Global Perspective." Better Crops with Plant Food 103, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24047/bc103126.

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While livestock manure is a significant global reserve of P, it is not always used efficiently in agricultural production. Due to the segregation of livestock and cropping systems in many countries, poor redistribution of manure P has led to regions with both surpluses and deficits. As phosphate rock must be considered a finite source, the recycling of P from manures regionally, nationally, and even globally needs to be improved for food security in the future.

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Sheppard, S. C., and B. Sanipelli. "Trace Elements in Feed, Manure, and Manured Soils." Journal of Environmental Quality 41, no. 6 (November 2012): 1846–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0133.

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Sheppard, S. C., and B. Sanipelli. "Trace Elements in Feed, Manure, and Manured Soils." Journal of Environmental Quality 42, no. 4 (July 2013): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0133er.

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Viskovic, Miodrag, Djordje Djatkov, Aleksandar Nesterovic, Milan Martinov, and Slobodan Cvetkovic. "Manure in Serbia - quantities and greenhouse gas emissions." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 67, no. 1 (2022): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2201029v.

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Manure is a by-product at agricultural farms that can consist of excrement, bedding, food, and other substances. Manure is a significant form of organic fertilizer, but it negatively impacts the environment. The objectives of this study are to determine the quantities of manure and classify them depending on the size and type of farms in Serbia and to quantify greenhouse gas emissions in Serbia from manure management. About 8.6 million m3 of fresh liquid manure and about 20.4 million tons of fresh solid manure are generated in Serbia. The dominant types of manures are liquid pig manure and cattle solid and liquid manures. Approximately 81% of the total amount of manure is located at farms with less than 100 livestock units. In Serbia, at large farms with over 1,000 livestock units, about 12% of the total amount of manure is generated. In 2020, about 23 Gg of CH4 and 1 Gg of N2O were emitted directly from manure. About 1,1 Gg of N2O is emitted indirectly from manure management. Total emissions of greenhouse gases originating from manure in 2020 amounted to about 1,144 GgCO2eq. Greenhouse gas emissions are declining due to the reduction of livestock, so in comparison to 1990, they are reduced by 36% for this sector.

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Bobrenko, I. A., V. P. Kormin, O. A. Matveychik, and E. P. Boldysheva. "Potato nutrition management using manure fertilizer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 624 (January 8, 2021): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/624/1/012062.

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Bobrenko, I. A., V. P. Kormin, O. A. Matveychik, and E. P. Boldysheva. "Potato nutrition management using manure fertilizer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 624 (January 8, 2021): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/624/1/012062.

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Provolo, Giorgio. "Manure management practices in Lombardy (Italy)." Bioresource Technology 96, no. 2 (January 2005): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.05.002.

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Petersen, S. O., M. Blanchard, D. Chadwick, A. Del Prado, N. Edouard, J. Mosquera, and S. G. Sommer. "Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation." Animal 7 (2013): 266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731113000736.

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Van Horn, H. H., A. C. Wilkie, W. J. Powers, and R. A. Nordstedt. "Components of Dairy Manure Management Systems." Journal of Dairy Science 77, no. 7 (July 1994): 2008–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(94)77147-2.

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Metcalf, Mark. "State Legislation Regulating Animal Manure Management." Review of Agricultural Economics 22, no. 2 (December 2000): 519–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1058-7195.00036.

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Schoenau, J. J., and J. G. Davis. "Optimizing soil and plant responses to land-applied manure nutrients in the Great Plains of North America." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-115.

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Animal manures are recognized as valuable sources of plant nutrients in cropping systems and also play a role in soil improvement through the input of organic matter. Using recent research examples from Saskatchewan and Colorado, this paper covers beneficial management practices for effective recycling of manure nutrients applicable to the Great Plains region of North America. Challenges in using animal manures as fertilizers include low nutrient content per unit weight, variability and availability of nutrient content, and a balance of available nutrients that often does not meet the relative nutrient requirements of the crop. Examples of imbalances that may arise requiring special management considerations include low available N content relative to available P for many solid manures, and low available S relative to N for some liquid manures. Application decisions are best supported by manure and soil analyses, with nutrient balance issues addressed by rate adjustments and the addition of supplemental commercial fertilizer to avoid deficiency or loading of specific nutrients. Placement of manure into the soil by injection or incorporation is desirable in that nutrient losses by volatilization and runoff are reduced and crop recovery is increased. Balancing the rate of nutrient application with crop requirement and removal over time is key to avoiding nutrient loading on soils receiving repeated applications of manure. Key words: Manure management, nutrient cycling, beneficial management practices, Great Plains

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Angers, Denis A., Martin H. Chantigny, Philippe Rochette, and Bernard Gagnon. "Dynamics of soil water-extractable organic C following application of dairy cattle manures." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 5 (November 1, 2006): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-092.

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Water-extractable organic C (WEOC) is a determinant driver of several soil and environmental processes, and can be influenced by management practices such as organic amendment. Our objective was to study the dynamics of soil WEOC following application of liquid and solid dairy cattle manures to a loamy and a clay soil under field conditions. Manures were applied in 2 consecutive years to silage corn fields at rates equivalent to 150 kg total N ha-1. Soil WEOC was monitored the day after application and weekly or biweekly thereafter in manured and control (mineral fertilizers) plots. Liquid and solid manure S brought on average 39 and 13 g WEOC m-2, respectively. These amounts are much larger than the increases measured in soil WEOC during the hours and days following manure application (0 to 30 mg kg-1, equivalent to 0 to 3 g m-2). Moreover, manure addition had little effects in the 10- to 30-cm soil layer. The rapid and extensive adsorption of manure WEOC onto mineral surfaces likely explains the limited effects of manure on soil WEOC. This adsorption process was presumably exacerbated by the mixing of manure and soil resulting from the tillage operation. Soil temperature and respiration appeared to have determinant influence on the level of soil WEOC content in the post-harvest period. Overall, temporal variations in soil WEOC contents were large and generally greater than the fluctuations directly attributable to manure addition. Key words: Soil organic C, extractable C, dairy manure, silage corn

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Powell, J. Mark. "Manure for Cropping: A Case Study from Central Nigeria." Experimental Agriculture 22, no. 1 (January 1986): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700014009.

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SUMMARYThe traditional management of cattle manure in a cropping system in the savanna zone of central Nigeria is discussed in conjunction with the agronomic benefits and problems of manure use. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the manure varied seasonally. On-farm trials showed that maize grain yields were about 1 t ha−1 more and weed growth 90% greater in manured than in non-manured areas. It is important to reduce the competition between crops and weeds if grain crops are to obtain the full benefit of manure in such cropping systems.

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Grösch, Norbert, Mitra K. Delivand, Mirko Barz, and Petra Bittrich. "Trade-offs between Manure Management with and without Biogas Production." Open Waste Management Journal 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876400201811010001.

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Introduction: In rural developing countries with a traditional manure management, animal manure is a value-added agricultural commodity being utilized as a source of fuel and plant nutrients. The sustainable environmental management of this resource has to consider the whole upstream and downstream activities of current management systems. Methods & Materials: In line with this requirement, this study has integrated the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method on manure managements into the life-cycle assessment of two different manure management systems: the traditional system without biogas production and the alternative system with biogas production. Special attention is given to compare the GHG emissions as well as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), and Potassium (K) Fertilizing Nutrients (NPK) from the two systems. Results: The great advantage of manure conversion to biogas is mainly due to the avoided wood (18 kg/animal.yr), crop-residues (12 kg/ animal.yr) and dung (8 kg/ animal.yr) used as cooking fuels in the region. If methane leakage is over 38% then this will offset the GHG emission reduction of manure-to-biogas system.

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Pratt, Chris, Matthew Redding, Jaye Hill, and Paul D. Jensen. "Does manure management affect the latent greenhouse gas emitting potential of livestock manures?" Waste Management 46 (December 2015): 568–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.019.

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Niles, Meredith T., Serge Wiltshire, Jason Lombard, Matthew Branan, Matthew Vuolo, Rajesh Chintala, and Juan Tricarico. "Manure management strategies are interconnected with complexity across U.S. dairy farms." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): e0267731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267731.

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Among one of the key challenges in dairy production is the management of manure in a way that is beneficial for agricultural production, with minimal environmental and public health impacts. Manure management systems (MMS)—the entire system of handling, storage, and application of manure—are diverse in countries with developed dairy industries such as the United States, enabled by a number of different technologies. The ways in which dairy farmers manage manure is driven by varying tradeoffs, including economic, social, and environmental; however, existing research has not examined the relationships between components of MMS. Here we use data from the National Animal Health Monitoring System’s Dairy 2014 study to explore the ways in which manure handling, storage, and application are related, using a series of logistic regression models and network associations. We found significant associations between how manure is handled, stored, and applied, especially driven by the consistency of manure. For solid manure, we found highly heterogeneous systems, where farmers may have a suite of alternative manure management strategies available to them, and substitution is viable. Conversely, farms using liquid manure systems have very few substitutes in their MMS, suggesting greater investment in certain infrastructures, which are not easily changed. Such findings have important implications for shifting farmers towards management practices with minimal environmental and public health impacts, demonstrating that not all farm systems are easily changed. We highlight these results in light of current policies, which may not fully capture the relationships across the MMS, and suggest that greater financing may be necessary to shift MMS on some farms. Furthermore, we suggest that different MMS have varying tradeoffs across environmental, social, and economic aspects, which demonstrates that MMS are highly individualized to a given farm’s goals and priorities.

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Shiddieqy, M. I., M. N. Rofiq, and Y. Widiawati. "Sustainable manure management systems in beef cattle feedlots." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1114, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1114/1/012049.

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Abstract The population of feeder cattle in feedlots is not significant compared to the total cattle population. However, the intensive management system in feedlots has negative impact on the environment. Currently, there is limited information on manure handling in the beef cattle feedlots in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the manure management system of surveyed feedlots in Lampung Province, Indonesia. The method of this study was descriptive with field observation and survey in three feedlots in Lampung. Data related to manure management were collected on the farm, while the data on manure management systems, animal characteristics, and housing system were gathered from questionnaires in the survey. The data were described and analysed using comparison with previous studies. The result showed that the surveyed feedlots utilize manure as organic fertilizer. The manure and effluent were treated and pumped onto forage fields. One feedlot company with an advanced manure treatment facility has implemented a sustainable manure management strategy. The study suggests further research to measure the carbon cycle for several types of feedlot’s manure management systems as an environmental product declares of beef cattle production in Indonesia.

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Mahamud, Md Asif, Most Mamnuna Rahman, Md Abu Hassan, Md Maniruzzaman Bahadur, Annika Sal Sabil, Shahin Imran, and Newton Chandra Paul. "Assessing the influence of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of Black gram (Vigna mungo L.)." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 7, no. 3 (September 25, 2022): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2022.0703015.

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The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of combined application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of black gram. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment comprises eight treatments viz. Control (no application of manures and fertilizer), Recommended doses of fertilizer (RDF), Cowdung @ 5 t ha-1 + 50% of RDF, Poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 + 50% of RDF, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + 50% of RDF, Cowdung @ 5 t ha-1 + Poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 + 50% of RDF, Cowdung @ 5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + 50% of RDF and Poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + 50% of RDF. Combined application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers exerted significance influence on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of black gram. At growth, the tallest plant (38.74 cm), the highest number of leaves plant-1 (15.55), leaf dry weight plant-1 (6.99 g) and stem dry weight plant-1 (3.01 g) of black gram at 50 days after sowing (DAS) were obtained from poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 and vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 along with 50% of RDF. While, at 50 DAS, the highest number of nodules plant-1 (55.22) was recorded from cowdung @ 5 t ha-1 along with 50% of RDF and the highest number of SPAD value plant-1 (42.03) was found in poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 along with 50% of RDF. Again, at maturity, the highest number of seeds pod-1 (5.86), yield plant-1 (7.77 g), grain yield m-2 (130.70 g) and total dry weight plant-1 (17.21 g) were obtained from poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 and vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 along with 50% of RDF. Therefore, it can be concluded that poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 and vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 along with 50% of RDF combination might be a promising practice for black gram cultivation.

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Cochran, Kimberly A., and Craig S. Rothrock. "Brassica Green Manure Amendments for Management of Rhizoctonia solani in Two Annual Ornamental Crops in the Field." HortScience 50, no. 4 (April 2015): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.4.555.

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Brassica green manure soil amendments are a possible alternative to chemical management of soilborne diseases of ornamental landscape and bedding plants. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of crop selection and application rate of brassica green manures for disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani on impatiens and petunia. Microplot experiments were conducted over 2 years using brassica green manure soil amendments for R. solani management of both petunias and impatiens. Brassica crops used were Brassica juncea ‘Fumus’ and ‘Bionute’, and Brassica napus ‘Jetton’, at the application rates of 700, 1400, and 4200 g·m−2 fresh weight aboveground biomass. Microplots were artificially infested to evaluate disease on these ornamentals, with a second set of experiments using noninfested plots to examine effects of the green manure alone on plant growth. All brassica green manure crops reduced disease symptoms in both impatiens and petunias. Rate of brassica application was more important than brassica crop variety for use as a green manure. The highest rate of the brassica green manure decreased crown lesions by 21% and 24%, root discoloration by 9% and 7%, and R. solani isolation by 15% and 8% for impatiens and petunias, respectively, for 4200 g·m−2 compared with 700 g·m−2 rates of application. No phytotoxic effects were observed from the brassica green manures following a waiting period of 4 weeks between amending the soil and planting the ornamental crops.

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Nasiru, A., N. Ismail, and M. H. Ibrahim. "Vermicomposting: Tool for Sustainable Ruminant Manure Management." Journal of Waste Management 2013 (December 26, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/732759.

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Ruminants are important sources of meat and milk. Their production is associated with manure excretion. Estimates of over 3,900,000 million metric tonnes of manure are produced daily from ruminants worldwide. Storage and spread of this waste on land pose health risks and environmental problems. Efficient and sustainable way of handling ruminant manure is required. Composting and vermicomposting are considered two of the best techniques for solid biomass waste management. This paper presents vermicomposting as an effective tool for ruminant manure management. Vermicomposting is a mesophilic biooxidation and stabilisation process of organic materials that involves the joint action of earthworm and microorganism. Compared with composting, vermicomposting has higher rate of stabilisation and it is greatly modifying its physical and biochemical properties, with low C : N ratio and homogenous end product. It is also costeffective and ecofriendly waste management. Due to its innate biological, biochemical and physicochemical properties, vermicomposting can be used to promote sustainable ruminant manure management. Vermicomposts are excellent sources of biofertiliser and their addition improves the physiochemical and biological properties of agricultural soils. In addition, earthworms from the vermicomposting can be used as source of protein to fishes and monogastric animals. Vermicompost can also be used as raw materials for bioindustries.

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Khanam, Jobaida Shovna, Khan Shahidul Huque, Nazmul Huda, and Mohammad Khairul Bashar. "Management approach of livestock manure in present farming system of Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5, no. 1 (April 22, 2019): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v5i1.41047.

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Laying aside manure meat, milk and egg is considered as key performance indicator of livestock farm profitability of Bangladesh till yet whereas manure contains minimum 45-55% feed nutrient fed to animals. A survey based research work was conveyed to find out the major channel of using this valuable livestock manure by farmers from twelve selected district of Bangladesh. Results showed that most of the cattle and buffalo farmers prefer solid storage system to manage their manure. From this stored manure, about 35% was used for land fertilization, 47% for burning fuel preparation, 8% for composting and remaining 10% become completely wasted. A very few of cattle manure (4.65) was utilized by the care of anaerobic digestion. But this improved system was completely absent in case of buffalo and small ruminants manure management. Dung produced from small ruminants fully goes for solid piling. About 20% of poultry manure managed in improved way and the remaining portion was mostly utilized in a very disparage way. In anaerobic digestion system, the produced gas went for home consumption and bio-slurry creates havoc for both farmer and environment. Land fertilization and aquaculture coves its utilization but the amount is too low compared to its production. Above 52% of total bio-slurry become wasted due to limited knowledge and lack of appropriate handling techniques. The scenario of urine and liquid slurry management was very melancholic. About 0.37 and 0.203 kg methane emission per head per year was calculated from solid storage system of cattle and small ruminant animal manure. The value is also high in burning fuel preparation (5.46 kg) and liquid slurry (5.81 kg) and a bit low in anaerobic digestion system (1.24 kg) per head per year. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2019, 5(1): 63-70

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Gagliardi, Joel V., and Jeffrey S. Karns. "Leaching of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Diverse Soils under Various Agricultural Management Practices." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.3.877-883.2000.

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ABSTRACT Application of animal manures to soil as crop fertilizers is an important means for recycling the nitrogen and phosphorus which the manures contain. Animal manures also contain bacteria, including many types of pathogens. Manure pathogen levels depend on the source animal, the animal's state of health, and how the manure was stored or treated before use. Rainfall may result in pathogen spread into soil by runoff from stored or unincorporated manure or by leaching through the soil profile. Steady rainfall consisting of 16.5 mm h−1 was applied to 100-mm disturbed soil cores that were treated with manure and inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain B6914. The level of B6914 in leachate was near the inoculum level each hour for 8 h, as was the level of B6914 at several soil depths after 24 h, indicating that there was a high rate of growth. Bacterial movement through three different types of soil was then compared by using disturbed (tilled) and intact (no-till) soil cores and less intense rainfall consisting of 25.4 mm on 4 consecutive days and then four more times over a 17-day period. Total B6914 levels exceeded the inoculum levels for all treatments except intact clay loam cores. B6914 levels in daily leachate samples decreased sharply with time, although the levels were more constant when intact sandy loam cores were used. The presence of manure often increased total B6914 leachate and soil levels in intact cores but had the opposite effect on disturbed soil cores. Ammonia and nitrate levels correlated with B6914 and total coliform levels in leachate. We concluded that tillage practice, soil type, and method of pathogen delivery affect but do not prevent vertical E. coli O157:H7 and coliform transport in soil and that soluble nitrogen may enhance transport.

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Shepherd, M. A. "Managing manures in organic farming." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013958.

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Knowledge of manure composition is important for farm nutrient management, either if importing manure onto a farm or transferring nutrients around the farm in ‘home produced’ manures. Many factors affect the nutrient content of the manure ready to spread onto the land (Smith & Frost, 2000): dietary input and quality, nutrient losses during housing and storage and additions of bedding material and/or water. There are many reports of average values for manures from conventionally raised livestock (e.g. Anon., 2000 for the U.K.). However, there are less data available for manures produced on organic holdings. It is probable that composition will differ from conventionally produced manures because of differences in diet and manure storage methods (composting and/or long-term storage). Therefore, we aimed to test this under U.K. conditions by analysing cattle manures from organic holdings for comparison with data on conventionally produced manures.

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Thilakarathna, Malinda S., Stephanie Serran, John Lauzon, Ken Janovicek, and Bill Deen. "Management of Manure Nitrogen Using Cover Crops." Agronomy Journal 107, no. 4 (July 2015): 1595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj14.0634.

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W. J. Powers and H. H. Van Horn. "Nutritional Implications for Manure Nutrient Management Planning." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 17, no. 1 (2001): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.1933.

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Smith, K. A., A. G. Chalmers, B. J. Chambers, and P. Christie. "Organic manure phosphorus accumulation, mobility and management." Soil Use and Management 14, s4 (June 1998): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00634.x.

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Hobson, P. N. "Manure management. Treatment strategies for sustainable agriculture." Bioresource Technology 64, no. 1 (April 1998): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(97)00191-0.

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Westendorf, Michael L., Troy Joshua, Steven J. Komar, Carey Williams, and Ramu Govindasamy. "Effectiveness of Cooperative Extension Manure Management Programs." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 30, no. 6 (June 2010): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2010.04.008.

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Steed, John, and Andrew G. Hashimoto. "Methane emissions from typical manure management systems." Bioresource Technology 50, no. 2 (January 1994): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(94)90064-7.

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Fulhage, C. D. "Manure Management Considerations for Expanding Dairy Herds." Journal of Dairy Science 80, no. 8 (August 1997): 1872–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76123-x.

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Bicudo, J. R., and S. M. Goyal. "Pathogens and manure management systems: A review." Environmental Technology 24, no. 1 (January 2003): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330309385542.

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Chadwick, Dave, Sven Sommer, Rachel Thorman, David Fangueiro, Laura Cardenas, Barbara Amon, and Tom Misselbrook. "Manure management: Implications for greenhouse gas emissions." Animal Feed Science and Technology 166-167 (June 2011): 514–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.036.

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40

Yang, Yichao, Amanda J. Ashworth, Jennifer M. DeBruyn, Lisa M. Durso, Mary Savin, Kim Cook, Philip A. Moore Jr., and Phillip R. Owens. "Antimicrobial resistant gene prevalence in soils due to animal manure deposition and long-term pasture management." PeerJ 8 (November 3, 2020): e10258. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10258.

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The persistence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes in the soil-environment is a concern, yet practices that mitigate AMR are poorly understood, especially in grasslands. Animal manures are widely deposited on grasslands, which are the largest agricultural land-use in the United States. These nutrient-rich manures may contain AMR genes. The aim of this study was to enumerate AMR genes in grassland soils following 14-years of poultry litter and cattle manure deposition and evaluate if best management practices (rotationally grazed with a riparian (RBR) area and a fenced riparian buffer strip (RBS), which excluded cattle grazing and poultry litter applications) relative to standard pasture management (continuously grazed (CG) and hayed (H)) minimize the presence and amount of AMR genes. Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) was performed to enumerate four AMR genes (ermB, sulI, intlI, and blactx-m-32) in soil, cattle manure, and poultry litter environments. Six soil samples were additionally subjected to metagenomic sequencing and resistance genes were identified from assembled sequences. Following 14-years of continuous management, ermB, sulI, and intlI genes in soil were greatest (P < 0.05) in samples collected under long-term continuous grazing (relative to conservation best management practices), under suggesting overgrazing and continuous cattle manure deposition may increase AMR gene presence. In general, AMR gene prevalence increased downslope, suggesting potential lateral movement and accumulation based on landscape position. Poultry litter had lower abundance of AMR genes (ermB, sulI, and intlI) relative to cattle manure. Long-term applications of poultry litter increased the abundance of sulI and intlI genes in soil (P < 0.05). Similarly, metagenomic shotgun sequencing revealed a greater total number of AMR genes under long-term CG, while fewer AMR genes were found in H (no cattle manure) and RBS (no animal manure or poultry litter). Results indicate long-term conservation pasture management practices (e.g., RBS and RBR) and select animal manure (poultry litter inputs) may minimize the presence and abundance of AMR genes in grassland soils.

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Andersen, Daniel Steven, and Laura M. Pepple. "A County-Level Assessment of Manure Nutrient Availability Relative to Crop Nutrient Capacity in Iowa: Spatial and Temporal Trends." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 5 (2017): 1669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12417.

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Abstract. During the twentieth century, U.S. agriculture strived to achieve increased food production in order to satisfy both local and export demands. In many cases, this led to increased farm sizes and an operational separation of crop and livestock production. The trend of increasing centralization and industrialization of agriculture, specifically animal agriculture, has resulted in the concentration of waste products associated with animal production (manures and wash-down water) over relatively small geographic areas that are spatially segregated from crop production areas. Because the distance that manure can be economically hauled for land application has practical limits, the public is concerned that this spatial separation of crop and animal production areas could lead to over-application of manures near animal feeding facilities, and thus potentially increase the transport of nutrients to ground and surface waters. An aggregated analysis (statewide) of crop and animal production in Iowa suggests that about 30% to 40% of current nitrogen and phosphorus requirements for crop production could be supplied from manures and litters generated from livestock production, while about 50% of potassium requirements could be supplied. However, neither livestock nor crop production in Iowa is uniformly distributed across all counties. This unequal distribution suggests that a more disaggregated analysis of crop nutrient requirements and manure nutrient supply is necessary to estimate the risks of excess nutrient loss to the environment. Thus, we evaluated crop nutrient demand and manure and litter production at the county level to determine if excess manure generation is of concern and to locate areas where additional manures could be used. Results showed that several counties are becoming manure rich, but most locations maintain sufficient capacity to use manure nutrients effectively. Keywords: Crop nutrient capacity, Manure management, Manure production, Nutrient balance, Nutrient management.

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Thiessen Martens, Joanne, and Martin Entz. "Integrating green manure and grazing systems: A review." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 5 (September 2011): 811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps10177.

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Thiessen Martens, J. R. and Entz, M. H. 2011. Integrating green manure and grazing systems: A review. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 811–824. Green manuring, also referred to as cover cropping, is an ancient practice that is gaining popularity, especially in ecologically integrated farming systems. Much green manure research in Canada has focused on legumes, where green manure plant material is incorporated into soil. This review focuses on the role of livestock in utilizing traditional and novel green manure crops adapted to the Canadian prairies. Legume and non-legume green manure plant species are discussed in terms of suitability to grazing management by different livestock species. Integrating grazing livestock into green manure systems affects nutrient cycling and potential nitrogen (N) loss pathways. However, losses may not be substantially different from other production systems, especially when loss mitigation practices are employed. Grazing green manures may also affect soil biological and physical properties. We conclude that grazing green manures may provide economic as well as biological advantages over the traditional approach of soil incorporation. For example, a green manure biomass yield of 5000 kg ha−1 is sufficient to produce 175 kg ha−1 of animal live weight gain, providing a gross revenue of $385 to $770 ha−1 at April 2011 prices, while returning at least 75% of N and other nutrients to the field. Barriers to farmer adoption of grazed green manure systems include a lack of livestock management knowledge and infrastructure.

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Moshia, Matshwene, Raj Khosla, Dwayne Westfall, Jessica Davis, and Robin Reich. "Precision manure management on site-specific management zones: Nitrogen mineralization." Journal of Plant Nutrition 39, no. 1 (June 26, 2015): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2015.1009547.

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Stroheim, Erich von, and Dana Loyd Keske Hoag. "Valuing Cattle Manure as an Agricultural Resource for Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 9375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169375.

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Within a context of beef feedlots and feed-crop production systems, we surveyed farmers to identify their perceived monetary value for the manure they used or could have used. Value is contextual with respect to a number of socio-economic, environmental, regulatory, and physical factors, which influence farmer’s inclinations about how they manage manure. The most desirable manure management strategies are likely practiced by those who perceive its value highest, and, conversely, the least desirable manure management strategies are likely practiced by those who assign the lowest value to it. This study considered factors that affect or relate to farmer perceptions of manure’s value. Using quantile regression, we observed variations in how farmers perceived the value of manure, considering farm and farmer characteristics, farming practices, select preferences, and whether or not they used manure on their own cropland. For example, we found that livestock producers who grow feed for their own cattle value manure differently compared to crop producers who do not manage cattle, most likely due to perceived need. Added years of experience in farming lowered the farmer’s perception of manure’s value. Additionally, extra tillage required when using manure was seen by farmers not as a burden but rather as a benefit.

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Thiessen Martens, Joanne R., Derek H. Lynch, and Martin H. Entz. "A survey of green manure productivity on dryland organic grain farms in the eastern prairie region of Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 99, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0311.

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Little is known about legume green manure productivity on organic farms. Soil and plant tissue were sampled in annual, biennial, and perennial green manures on 41 fields in the eastern prairies. Green manure biomass averaged 4572 kg ha−1; 53% was legume plant material and 18% was weeds. Soil test P and plant tissue P concentrations were below critical levels in about half of all green manures. Mean N fixation was estimated at 71 kg ha−1. This observational study provides a baseline for future research to optimize green manure and nutrient management in organic grain production systems.

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Cho, Jaesung, Seongjin Park, Taehoo Kim, Hyungyong Lee, and Hyunjoong Kim. "Analyzing the Effect of Livestock Manure Management Policy on the Utilization of Livestock Manure." Korean Journal of Agricultural Management and Policy 46, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 403–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30805/kjamp.2019.46.3.403.

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Niles, Meredith T., and Serge Wiltshire. "Tradeoffs in US dairy manure greenhouse gas emissions, productivity, climate, and manure management strategies." Environmental Research Communications 1, no. 7 (July 22, 2019): 075003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ab2dec.

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Rubin, Alan B. "Animal Manure: A Problem and an Opportunity-Technologies Transferable from Biosolids Management to the Management of Animal Manures." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 856–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700785377645.

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Klapwyk, J. H., Q. M. Ketterings, G. S. Godwin, and D. Wang. "Response of the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test to liquid and composted dairy manure applications in a corn agroecosystem." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-048.

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Dairy manure is important for corn (Zea mays L.) production in New York. Optimizing corn yield while minimizing environmental loss with manure nutrients is often a challenge. A potential tool for improving N management is the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT), which estimates amino sugar N, a pool of potentially mineralizable N for corn uptake. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the short-term effects of manure applications on ISNT-N, and (2) the longer-term impacts of annual additions of composted and liquid dairy manure on ISNT-N. A 6-wk incubation study showed that NH4-N from manure temporarily (< 2 wk) increased ISNT results. A 4-yr field study was conducted with annual spring applications of two rates of composted dairy manure (45 and 77 Mg ha-1) and two liquid dairy manure rates (63.5 and 180 kL ha-1). Results showed that ISNT-N slightly decreased over time in check plots (no manure or fertilizer additions) and that increases in ISNT-N over time in compost and liquid manure amended plots were consistent with changes in N credits currently given to manures in New York. Our results suggest that the ISNT accounts for N in previously applied compost and manure amendments, but that samples should not be taken within 2-wk following manure addition. Key words: Amino sugar, compost, Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test, nitrogen, manure, nutrient management

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McCann, Laura, Charles Abdalla, Mark Jenner, and Ray Massey. "Improved manure management and utilization: A systems approach." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 20, no. 3 (September 2005): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf2004101.

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AbstractThe manure issue is complex and inherently interdisciplinary but, more fundamentally, it requires systems thinking. Current policies, technologies, infrastructure, incentives and modes of thinking about the problem fail to consider the system-wide implications, and thus fail to foster the creation of new and innovative solutions. At the farm level, complexity, uncertainty and lack of compatibility with the current farming system need to be addressed in order to promote better manure management. Production facilities, feed management and waste treatment systems (including centralized treatment plants) need to be designed to allow for beneficial use of manure components. At the industry level, changes in the poultry, swine and beef industries have resulted in concentration, both in terms of decision-making and geography. This currently limits the ability of these farmers to take a systems approach to livestock production. Environmental policies thus need to take account and advantage of this new reality. At the economy-wide level, factors affecting the demand and supply for alternative manure products need to be considered. A number of innovative uses are being developed in the private sector, but there are constraints as far as technology, institutions and infrastructure are concerned. A systems perspective will allow the design of policies and technologies that reduce environmental problems associated with manure, while promoting efficient utilization of the resource.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Manure management'

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