Journal articles on the topic 'Manure management systems'
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Van Horn, H. H., A. C. Wilkie, W. J. Powers, and R. A. Nordstedt. "Components of Dairy Manure Management Systems." Journal of Dairy Science 77, no. 7 (July 1994): 2008–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(94)77147-2.
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Shiddieqy, M. I., M. N. Rofiq, and Y. Widiawati. "Sustainable manure management systems in beef cattle feedlots." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1114, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1114/1/012049.
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Abstract The population of feeder cattle in feedlots is not significant compared to the total cattle population. However, the intensive management system in feedlots has negative impact on the environment. Currently, there is limited information on manure handling in the beef cattle feedlots in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the manure management system of surveyed feedlots in Lampung Province, Indonesia. The method of this study was descriptive with field observation and survey in three feedlots in Lampung. Data related to manure management were collected on the farm, while the data on manure management systems, animal characteristics, and housing system were gathered from questionnaires in the survey. The data were described and analysed using comparison with previous studies. The result showed that the surveyed feedlots utilize manure as organic fertilizer. The manure and effluent were treated and pumped onto forage fields. One feedlot company with an advanced manure treatment facility has implemented a sustainable manure management strategy. The study suggests further research to measure the carbon cycle for several types of feedlot’s manure management systems as an environmental product declares of beef cattle production in Indonesia.
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Steed, John, and Andrew G. Hashimoto. "Methane emissions from typical manure management systems." Bioresource Technology 50, no. 2 (January 1994): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(94)90064-7.
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Bicudo, J. R., and S. M. Goyal. "Pathogens and manure management systems: A review." Environmental Technology 24, no. 1 (January 2003): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330309385542.
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Thiessen Martens, Joanne, and Martin Entz. "Integrating green manure and grazing systems: A review." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 5 (September 2011): 811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps10177.
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Thiessen Martens, J. R. and Entz, M. H. 2011. Integrating green manure and grazing systems: A review. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 811–824. Green manuring, also referred to as cover cropping, is an ancient practice that is gaining popularity, especially in ecologically integrated farming systems. Much green manure research in Canada has focused on legumes, where green manure plant material is incorporated into soil. This review focuses on the role of livestock in utilizing traditional and novel green manure crops adapted to the Canadian prairies. Legume and non-legume green manure plant species are discussed in terms of suitability to grazing management by different livestock species. Integrating grazing livestock into green manure systems affects nutrient cycling and potential nitrogen (N) loss pathways. However, losses may not be substantially different from other production systems, especially when loss mitigation practices are employed. Grazing green manures may also affect soil biological and physical properties. We conclude that grazing green manures may provide economic as well as biological advantages over the traditional approach of soil incorporation. For example, a green manure biomass yield of 5000 kg ha−1 is sufficient to produce 175 kg ha−1 of animal live weight gain, providing a gross revenue of $385 to $770 ha−1 at April 2011 prices, while returning at least 75% of N and other nutrients to the field. Barriers to farmer adoption of grazed green manure systems include a lack of livestock management knowledge and infrastructure.
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McCann, Laura, Charles Abdalla, Mark Jenner, and Ray Massey. "Improved manure management and utilization: A systems approach." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 20, no. 3 (September 2005): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf2004101.
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AbstractThe manure issue is complex and inherently interdisciplinary but, more fundamentally, it requires systems thinking. Current policies, technologies, infrastructure, incentives and modes of thinking about the problem fail to consider the system-wide implications, and thus fail to foster the creation of new and innovative solutions. At the farm level, complexity, uncertainty and lack of compatibility with the current farming system need to be addressed in order to promote better manure management. Production facilities, feed management and waste treatment systems (including centralized treatment plants) need to be designed to allow for beneficial use of manure components. At the industry level, changes in the poultry, swine and beef industries have resulted in concentration, both in terms of decision-making and geography. This currently limits the ability of these farmers to take a systems approach to livestock production. Environmental policies thus need to take account and advantage of this new reality. At the economy-wide level, factors affecting the demand and supply for alternative manure products need to be considered. A number of innovative uses are being developed in the private sector, but there are constraints as far as technology, institutions and infrastructure are concerned. A systems perspective will allow the design of policies and technologies that reduce environmental problems associated with manure, while promoting efficient utilization of the resource.
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Leytem, April, and James Mutegi. "Manure Phosphorus Management from a Global Perspective." Better Crops with Plant Food 103, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24047/bc103126.
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While livestock manure is a significant global reserve of P, it is not always used efficiently in agricultural production. Due to the segregation of livestock and cropping systems in many countries, poor redistribution of manure P has led to regions with both surpluses and deficits. As phosphate rock must be considered a finite source, the recycling of P from manures regionally, nationally, and even globally needs to be improved for food security in the future.
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T. M. Harrigan, W. G. Bickert, and C. A. Rotz. "Simulation of Dairy Manure Management and Cropping Systems." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 12, no. 5 (1996): 563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25684.
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Grösch, Norbert, Mitra K. Delivand, Mirko Barz, and Petra Bittrich. "Trade-offs between Manure Management with and without Biogas Production." Open Waste Management Journal 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876400201811010001.
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Introduction: In rural developing countries with a traditional manure management, animal manure is a value-added agricultural commodity being utilized as a source of fuel and plant nutrients. The sustainable environmental management of this resource has to consider the whole upstream and downstream activities of current management systems. Methods & Materials: In line with this requirement, this study has integrated the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method on manure managements into the life-cycle assessment of two different manure management systems: the traditional system without biogas production and the alternative system with biogas production. Special attention is given to compare the GHG emissions as well as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), and Potassium (K) Fertilizing Nutrients (NPK) from the two systems. Results: The great advantage of manure conversion to biogas is mainly due to the avoided wood (18 kg/animal.yr), crop-residues (12 kg/ animal.yr) and dung (8 kg/ animal.yr) used as cooking fuels in the region. If methane leakage is over 38% then this will offset the GHG emission reduction of manure-to-biogas system.
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Niles, Meredith T., Serge Wiltshire, Jason Lombard, Matthew Branan, Matthew Vuolo, Rajesh Chintala, and Juan Tricarico. "Manure management strategies are interconnected with complexity across U.S. dairy farms." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): e0267731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267731.
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Among one of the key challenges in dairy production is the management of manure in a way that is beneficial for agricultural production, with minimal environmental and public health impacts. Manure management systems (MMS)—the entire system of handling, storage, and application of manure—are diverse in countries with developed dairy industries such as the United States, enabled by a number of different technologies. The ways in which dairy farmers manage manure is driven by varying tradeoffs, including economic, social, and environmental; however, existing research has not examined the relationships between components of MMS. Here we use data from the National Animal Health Monitoring System’s Dairy 2014 study to explore the ways in which manure handling, storage, and application are related, using a series of logistic regression models and network associations. We found significant associations between how manure is handled, stored, and applied, especially driven by the consistency of manure. For solid manure, we found highly heterogeneous systems, where farmers may have a suite of alternative manure management strategies available to them, and substitution is viable. Conversely, farms using liquid manure systems have very few substitutes in their MMS, suggesting greater investment in certain infrastructures, which are not easily changed. Such findings have important implications for shifting farmers towards management practices with minimal environmental and public health impacts, demonstrating that not all farm systems are easily changed. We highlight these results in light of current policies, which may not fully capture the relationships across the MMS, and suggest that greater financing may be necessary to shift MMS on some farms. Furthermore, we suggest that different MMS have varying tradeoffs across environmental, social, and economic aspects, which demonstrates that MMS are highly individualized to a given farm’s goals and priorities.
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Nielsen, V. C. "Manure management and environmental effects." BSAP Occasional Publication 11 (January 1987): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00001841.
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AbstractThe management of pig manures and slurries has not responded to the changes that have occurred in the development of pig farms. Management systems have remained unchanged despite the fact that the majority of pigs (64%) are kept on 10–3% of all pig units. The pressures of heavy applications of manures on restricted areas of land and the large numbers of animals kept in buildings has given rise to environmental pollution by odours and by contamination of water and of the soil.The cause of odour formation in buildings is discussed, together with the effects of dust on odour dispersion. Methods of reducing odours and the effect of straw on odour formation and slurry handling are discussed.Methods of controlling odours from buildings, stores and from manure applied to the land are reviewed and areas which need further research and development are proposed.Environmental pollution by manures and slurries of water and soils and measures to control pollution are reviewed.
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Wang, Yubin, Suraj Ghimire, Jingjing Wang, Renjie Dong, and Qian Li. "Alternative Management Systems of Beef Cattle Manure for Reducing Nitrogen Loadings: A Case-Study Approach." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020574.
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Livestock manure is one of the main sources of agricultural nonpoint source pollution and poses a great threat to the environment and human health. Sustainable management of manure via recycling is an effective means to tackle the problem. Based on field interviews in China, multiple case studies were employed to investigate alternative manure management systems. Four conclusions arose. First, compost-based systems, product-based systems, substrate-based systems, and biogas-based systems were identified as four main types of manure management systems, with each possessing its success factors and risk factors. The adoption of a system was driven by various factors. Second, market-oriented operation was the dominant operation mechanism of all the manure management systems. Third, compared to direct application of manure to croplands, all the four manure management systems could reduce nitrogen loadings from livestock farms and lower their environmental effects. Among the systems, biogas-based systems could reduce nitrogen loadings to the greatest extent, followed by product-based systems and substrate-based systems, and then by compost-based systems. Lastly, integrated management of manure with mixed recycling systems is imperative for reducing its environmental effects, which can benefit from the increasing role of third-party entities in manure recycling. Policy implications were also discussed.
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van der Meer, H. G. "Optimising manure management for GHG outcomes." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 2 (2008): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07214.
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This paper focuses on improvements to livestock manure management to reduce environmental pollution and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Livestock manures contain large amounts of plant nutrients and organic matter (OM). Structural changes to livestock production and ample supply of cheap chemical fertilisers have decreased the interest and possibilities of farmers in using manure for the fertilisation of crops and grasslands and maintenance of soil fertility. As a result, many livestock producers dispose of manure as cheaply as possible causing serious pollution of soil, water and atmosphere. In addition, livestock production systems contribute to climate change by emission of the GHG carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Careful recycling of livestock manures to fertilise crops and grasslands and improve soil fertility is considered the most suitable and cost-effective option for environmentally friendly disposal. Manure management legislation in The Netherlands is described to explain the principles. These include complete collection of faeces and urine of confined livestock, adaptation of the period and rate of manure application to the N and P requirements of crops, and use of manure collection, storage and application techniques aiming at low ammonia (NH3) losses. Effects of sustainable manure management on GHG emissions are described. Optimising the period, rate and technique of manure application to crops and grassland causes effective utilisation of manure N and reduces direct and indirect losses of N2O. In addition, effective recycling of manure nutrients and OM allows a reduction in the use of chemical fertilisers and fossil energy and contributes to the maintenance or improvement of the carbon content of agricultural ecosystems. The relatively high costs of sustainable manure management stimulate farmers to optimise feed conversion and minimise manure production per unit of product by good livestock feeding and management practices. High feed conversion efficiency reduces CH4 emission by enteric fermentation and may reduce feed imports and related GHG emissions. In addition, it is shown that livestock categories differ widely in feed conversion efficiency and N and P excretion per unit of product. Finally, anaerobic digestion of livestock slurries provides a valuable energy source and reduces CH4 emission of stored slurry and, possibly, N2O emission after field application of the slurry.
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Harris, F. "MANAGEMENT OF MANURE IN FARMING SYSTEMS IN SEMI-ARID WEST AFRICA." Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 2 (March 28, 2002): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702000212.
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The last 50 years have seen a rapid expansion of cultivated area in semi-arid areas of West Africa. This has precipitated a change from traditional fallowing to more pro-active soil fertility management techniques. Smallholder farmers employ a range of technologies to enhance soil fertility and manure is a cornerstone of many of the soil fertility management strategies they use. This paper reviews manure management by smallholder farmers. It considers factors that affect the quality of the manure used, including methods for keeping livestock and storing manure. The paper reviews the strategies, such as night parking and crop-livestock integration, which farmers employ to ensure that manure reaches their fields. The nutrient balances of two farming systems are presented as evidence for the importance of manure as a nutrient source. Rangeland-to-cropland nutrient transfers are contrasted with nutrient recycling through crop-livestock integration. The paper concludes that within the constraints in which smallholder farmers operate in semi-arid West Africa, manure will remain an important component of soil fertility management strategies for the foreseeable future. Integrated nutrient management strategies that take into consideration the circumstances of farmers, and the resources available to them, are the best way forward. Appropriate interventions need to focus on improving manure management to ensure that the material which farmers so laboriously prepare and transport is of the best possible quality.
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Powell, J. Mark. "Manure for Cropping: A Case Study from Central Nigeria." Experimental Agriculture 22, no. 1 (January 1986): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700014009.
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SUMMARYThe traditional management of cattle manure in a cropping system in the savanna zone of central Nigeria is discussed in conjunction with the agronomic benefits and problems of manure use. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the manure varied seasonally. On-farm trials showed that maize grain yields were about 1 t ha−1 more and weed growth 90% greater in manured than in non-manured areas. It is important to reduce the competition between crops and weeds if grain crops are to obtain the full benefit of manure in such cropping systems.
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Masilionytė, Laura, Zita Kriaučiūnienė, Egidijus Šarauskis, Aušra Arlauskienė, Ričardas Krikštolaitis, Alvyra Šlepetienė, Danutė Jablonskytė-Raščė, and Quirijn de Jong van Lier. "Effect of long-term crop rotation and fertilisation management on soil humus dynamics in organic and sustainable agricultural management systems." Soil Research 59, no. 6 (2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20101.
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The integration of organic fertilisers into agricultural practices is one approach to enable more efficient agricultural management systems to decrease adverse environmental impacts of agriculture. In this context, the objective of this research was to determine the impact of long-term crop rotation and organic and mineral fertilisation on soil humus content, humic and fulvic acids, organic matter humification in organic and sustainable agricultural management systems with low (1.90–2.01%) and moderate (2.10–2.40%) initial humus contents. Long-term field experiments with different agricultural management systems started in 1960 at the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry and soil humus dynamics experiments were conducted from 2006 to 2017. Results of the long-term use of organic and sustainable agricultural management systems with different crop rotations and fertilisation revealed the positive effect of the applied supplies on soil humus, especially for farmyard manure in combination with green manure. The incorporation of farmyard manure and biomass of white mustard resulted in a lower degree of humification when compared to green manure alone, green manure + mineral N, and farmyard and green manure + mineral N. In the low humus content soil, the degree of humification under all agricultural management systems was significantly improved, on average by 0.9% compared to soil with a moderate humus content.
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Storrle, Maria, Hans-Jorg Brauckmann, and Gabriele Broll. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock Manure Management in Southwestern Siberia, Russia." Sustainable Agriculture Research 6, no. 2 (March 3, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v6n2p66.
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This study investigates the amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to manure handling within different livestock production systems in Tyumen oblast of Western Siberia. Tyumen oblast occupies approx. 160 000 km² of Asian taiga and forest steppe. The amount of GHGs from manure was calculated as a function of the handling according to current IPCC guidelines for ecozones and livestock production systems. The entire Tyumen oblast has annual 7 400 t methane emissions and 440 t nitrous oxide emissions from manure. Three livestock production systems are prevalent in Tyumen oblast: Mega farms, small farms and peasant farms. The share of mega farms is 81 % (171 kt CO2 eq). Additionally, the slurry system in mega farms causes environmental pollution. GHG emissions and environmental pollution could be reduced by implementing solid manure systems or pasturing, by installing storage facilities for slurry outside the stables and through application of the manure as fertiliser at mega farms. In small farms solid manure systems and a small stocking density of livestock lead to smallest GHG emissions (1 %, 3 kt CO2 eq) from manure. In peasant farming 18 % (38 kt CO2 eq) of GHGs are emitted due to pasturing.
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Nelson, Nathan O., and Rhonda R. Janke. "Phosphorus Sources and Management in Organic Production Systems." HortTechnology 17, no. 4 (January 2007): 442–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.4.442.
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Organically produced fruit and vegetables are among the fastest growing agricultural markets. With greater demand for organically grown produce, more farmers are considering organic production options. Furthermore, there is an increasing interest in maintaining optimal production in an organic system, which involves appropriate nutrient management. The objectives of this review were to summarize the current state of our knowledge concerning effects of organic production systems on phosphorus (P) availability, describe P availability in common organically accepted P sources, and review best management practices that can reduce environmental risks associated with P management in organic systems. Organic production systems seek to improve soil organic matter and biological diversity, which may impact P cycling and P uptake by crops. Increases in organic matter will be accompanied by an increase in the organic P pool. Furthermore, management of cover crops and potentially enhanced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization from organic production practices can increase the availability of soil P pool (both organic and inorganic) by stimulating microbial activity and release of root exudates. This can help compensate for low soil P, but will not supersede the need to replace P removed by the harvested crop. Phosphorus fertilization in organic production systems entails balancing the P inputs with crop removal through selection and management of both nitrogen (N) and P inputs. Organic production systems that rely on manure or composts for meeting crop N demand will likely have a P surplus; therefore, P deficiencies will not be an issue. Systems using other N sources may have a P deficit, therefore requiring P supplementation for optimal plant growth. In such situations, maintenance P applications equal to crop removal should be made based on soil test recommendations. Primary organically approved P sources are phosphate rock (PR), manure, and compost. Phosphate rock is most effective at supplying P in soils with low pH (less than 5.5) and low calcium concentrations. Phosphate rock applications made to soils with pH greater than 5.5 may not be effective because of reduced PR solubility. Manure- and compost-based P has high plant availability, ranging from 70% to 100% available. Use of manures and composts requires extra considerations to reduce the risk of P loss from P sources to surface waters. Best management practices (BMPs) for reducing source P losses are incorporation of the manures or composts and timing applications to correspond to periods of low runoff risk based on climatic conditions. Organic production systems that use manures and composts as their primary N source should focus on minimizing P buildup in the soils and use of management practices that reduce the risks of P loss to surface waters. Evaluation of P loss risk with a P index will assist in identification of soil and management factors likely to contribute to high P loss as well as BMPs that can decrease P loss risks. BMPs should focus on controlling both particulate and dissolved P losses.
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J. M. Sweeten and M. L. Wolfe. "Manure and Wastewater Management Systems for Open Lot Dairy Operations." Transactions of the ASAE 37, no. 4 (1994): 1145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28188.
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Prapaspongsa, Trakarn, Per Christensen, Jannick H. Schmidt, and Mikkel Thrane. "LCA of comprehensive pig manure management incorporating integrated technology systems." Journal of Cleaner Production 18, no. 14 (September 2010): 1413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.05.015.
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Park, Yoosung, Sung-Mo Yeon, and Kyu-Hyun Park. "Development of GHG Emission Factors for the Life Cycle of the Animal Manure Treatment Systems." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.12.637.
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Objectives:A whole process greenhouse gas emission factor was developed considering the direct greenhouse gas emission from the decomposition of livestock manure provided by the IPCC guidelines and the energy consumption of manure management systems.Methods:Greenhouse gas generated by animal manure management is divided into direct greenhouse gas emission by decomposition of manure and greenhouse gas effect in the entire process due to energy use by operating manure management systems. By obtaining and summing them, the whole process greenhouse gas emission factor for the livestock manure treatment system was calculated.Results and Discussion:Among the pig manure management systems, the greenhouse gas emission factors for composting, purification and liquefaction were calculated as 128 kgCO2-eq./ton, 123 kgCO2-eq./ton, 119 kgCO2-eq./ton, respectively. It was analyzed that 20.7% to 24.1% of greenhouse gas emissions generated in the process of managing manure were due to electricity use. As a result of analyzing the change in the emission factor according to the change in GHG emissions of the national electric power according to the 8th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand, a change in emission of about 6% was confirmed. Based on the results of this study and analysis of direct GHG emissions from manure management in three major Western European countries, France, Germany, and the Netherlands, based on the manure management emission factor in 2017, GHG emissions of 48.9% to 70% compared to this study in all countries.Conclusions:In the greenhouse gas emission factor for the pig manure management system, the greenhouse gas emission from energy used in the manure management system operation represents a contribution of more than 20%, so improvement of energy efficiency of the manure management system in the future can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emission. As the GHG emissions of the pig manure management system are expected to change substantially according to the change in the power grid composition ratio according to the 8th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand, it is necessary to study the application plan in preparation for the implementation of product environmental footprint certification for livestock products in the future. As a result of comparing direct GHG emissions by manure management with major Western European countries, the difference in emissions was found to be large, suggesting the need to develop a Tier 2 emission factor suitable for the situation in Korea.
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Schoenau, J. J., and J. G. Davis. "Optimizing soil and plant responses to land-applied manure nutrients in the Great Plains of North America." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-115.
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Animal manures are recognized as valuable sources of plant nutrients in cropping systems and also play a role in soil improvement through the input of organic matter. Using recent research examples from Saskatchewan and Colorado, this paper covers beneficial management practices for effective recycling of manure nutrients applicable to the Great Plains region of North America. Challenges in using animal manures as fertilizers include low nutrient content per unit weight, variability and availability of nutrient content, and a balance of available nutrients that often does not meet the relative nutrient requirements of the crop. Examples of imbalances that may arise requiring special management considerations include low available N content relative to available P for many solid manures, and low available S relative to N for some liquid manures. Application decisions are best supported by manure and soil analyses, with nutrient balance issues addressed by rate adjustments and the addition of supplemental commercial fertilizer to avoid deficiency or loading of specific nutrients. Placement of manure into the soil by injection or incorporation is desirable in that nutrient losses by volatilization and runoff are reduced and crop recovery is increased. Balancing the rate of nutrient application with crop requirement and removal over time is key to avoiding nutrient loading on soils receiving repeated applications of manure. Key words: Manure management, nutrient cycling, beneficial management practices, Great Plains
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Cavigelli, Michel A., Steven B. Mirsky, John R. Teasdale, John T. Spargo, and John Doran. "Organic grain cropping systems to enhance ecosystem services." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 28, no. 2 (January 16, 2013): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170512000439.
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AbstractOrganic grain cropping systems can enhance a number of ecosystem services compared with conventional tilled (CT) systems. Recent results from a limited number of long-term agricultural research (LTAR) studies suggest that organic grain cropping systems can also increase several ecosystem services relative to conventional no-till (NT) cropping systems: soil C sequestration and soil N fertility (N mineralization potential) can be greater while global warming potential (GWP) can be lower in organic systems that use animal manures and cover crops compared with conventional NT systems. However, soil erosion from organic systems and nitrous oxide (N2O, a greenhouse gas) emissions from manure-based organic systems appear to be greater than from conventional NT systems, though data are limited. Also, crop yields, on average, continue to be lower and labor requirements greater in organic than in both tilled and NT conventional systems. Ecosystem services provided by organic systems may be improved by expanding crop rotations to include greater crop phenological diversity, improving nutrient management, and reducing tillage intensity and frequency. More diverse crop rotations, especially those that include perennial forages, can reduce weed pressure, economic risk, soil erosion, N2O emissions, animal manure inputs, and soil P loading, while increasing grain yield and soil fertility. Side-dressing animal manures in organic systems may increase corn nitrogen use efficiency and also minimize animal manure inputs. Management practices that reduce tillage frequency and intensity in organic systems are being developed to reduce soil erosion and labor and energy needs. On-going research promises to further augment ecosystem services provided by organic grain cropping systems.
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Thiessen Martens, Joanne R., Derek H. Lynch, and Martin H. Entz. "A survey of green manure productivity on dryland organic grain farms in the eastern prairie region of Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 99, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0311.
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Little is known about legume green manure productivity on organic farms. Soil and plant tissue were sampled in annual, biennial, and perennial green manures on 41 fields in the eastern prairies. Green manure biomass averaged 4572 kg ha−1; 53% was legume plant material and 18% was weeds. Soil test P and plant tissue P concentrations were below critical levels in about half of all green manures. Mean N fixation was estimated at 71 kg ha−1. This observational study provides a baseline for future research to optimize green manure and nutrient management in organic grain production systems.
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Walsh, B. D., A. F. MacKenzie, and D. J. Buszard. "Soil nitrate levels as influenced by apple orchard floor management systems." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 76, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss96-041.
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Mulches are an alternative to herbicidal control of weeds in orchards. Mulches may affect soil nutrient levels and consequently alter tree growth, fruit yield, and quality. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cultivation, straw mulch, geotextile mulch, grass cover, a cover crop mixture of lupin and wild carrot, and manure compost mulch on extractable soil nutrients in two newly established dwarf apple orchards in Quebec. In 1992, manure compost and straw mulches resulted in higher soil NO3−-N and K relative to those levels under ground cover. Levels of soil NO3−-N were related to soil water content under any particular mulch. Straw mulch resulted in high July NO3−-N levels and low September levels of soil NO3−-N. Geotextile and cultivation treatments resulted in higher September NO3−-N levels relative to July. Soil under manure compost tended to have higher P levels than soil under other treatments. There was little or no effect of mulch treatments on extractable levels of soil NH4+-N, Ca, or Mg. Key words: Orchard, apple, mulches, geotextiles, straw, nutrients, manure compost, grass sod
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Karimi, Rezvan, Wole Akinremi, and Don Flaten. "Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake from solid and liquid pig manure in perennial and annual cropping systems." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0160.
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Applying pig manure in excess of crop demand can result in nutrient loss to water bodies. We studied the effect of liquid and solid pig manures and their N- and P-based application rates on yield and nutrient uptake in annual and perennial cropping systems for 3 yr. The experiment had a split-plot design with five nutrient management treatments including liquid-N (annual N-based liquid pig manure), liquid-P (P-based liquid pig manure once every 5 yr), solid-N (annual N-based solid pig manure), solid-P (P-based solid pig manure once every 5 yr), and control (no manure). The liquid-P treatment showed high apparent nitrogen and phosphorus recovery (ANR and APR, respectively) in each cropping system and yields similar to that of the liquid-N treatment. The solid-N treatment had the smallest ANR in the perennial cropping system (9%–27%) and also the smallest APR in both cropping systems (typically <4%) possibly due to N deficiency and high P application rate. The current formula for estimating organic N mineralization overestimated the available N, particularly for solid pig manure, reducing crop yield. Based on the ANR obtained in this study, a more appropriate coefficient is 10%–15% of the organic N from solid pig manure for no-till perennial cropping systems.
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Harris, F., and M. A. Yusuf. "MANURE MANAGEMENT BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN THE KANO CLOSE-SETTLED ZONE, NIGERIA." Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 3 (July 2001): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479701003040.
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Manure is a key input to smallholder farming systems, especially in the semi-arid environment of West Africa where cost and availability limit the use of inorganic fertilizers. This paper considers manure management by farmers in an intensive integrated farming system in the Nigerian savanna. The paper reports farmers' indigenous knowledge concerning manure production, quality and application, chemical analysis of manure nutrient content and application rates of manure. The potential manure supply of the livestock population of the Kano close-settled zone is calculated and compared with application rates. Recommendations are made concerning methods for improving manure quality through changes in management practices.
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Nicholson, F. A., B. J. Chambers, and A. W. Walker. "Ammonia Emissions from Broiler Litter and Laying Hen Manure Management Systems." Biosystems Engineering 89, no. 2 (October 2004): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.06.006.
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Sørensen, Claus G., Brian H. Jacobsen, and Sven G. Sommer. "An Assessment Tool applied to Manure Management Systems using Innovative Technologies." Biosystems Engineering 86, no. 3 (November 2003): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1537-5110(03)00137-5.
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Oliver, Jason P., Jenna E. Schueler, Curt A. Gooch, Stephanie Lansing, and Diana S. Aga. "Performance Quantification of Manure Management Systems at 11 Northeastern U.S. Dairy Farms." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 6 (2018): 973–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12863.
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Abstract. The performance of manure management systems, on a component-by-component basis, at 11 Northeastern U.S. dairy farm concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) was quantified by semi-continuous monitoring for 15 months. Each collaborating farm (CF) had one or more of the following: solid-liquid separation (SLS), separated solids(SS) treatment by lime, rotary drum processing and windrow composting, anaerobic treatment by anaerobic digestion (AD), lagoons, and long-term storage(s). Operational and performance metrics included: temperature, pH, total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), loading rates, and biogas production. Generally, most CFs had functional and well-operating systems based on expected and optimal operating conditions and sample constituent changes, although, sampling and monitoring limitations restricted complete performance assessments. Despite the limitations, differences in treatment effectiveness were noted, which were often related to influent conditions. Higher SLS solids capture efficiencies (typ. > 40%), and biogas production rates (= 3.8 m3 d-1 lactating cow equivalents (LCE)-1), were associated with more concentrated manure slurry influents [TS > 0.050 g g-1 wet basis (w.b.)]. Anaerobic digester configuration and the use of co-substrates also influenced anaerobic treatments. Generally, intensively managed ADs outperformed passively managed lagoons, and co-digestion enhanced biogas production (= 4.3 m3 d-1 LCE-1) and VS reductions (up to 48% w.b.), though co-digestion sometimes hampered process stability. The effectiveness of SS processing was also treatment dependent, with well-managed windrows yielding the greatest increases in TS concentrations (up to 0.600 g g-1 w.b.). Long-term storage of manure slurry had modest, non-significant, impacts on TS and VS concentrations, and pH. This work illustrated a range of manure management systems used on NE dairy farm CAFOs, parameterized their treatment of manure slurries and SS, and established a baseline for additional studies aimed at the capacity of these systems to mitigate emerging contaminant like antibiotic residues. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Antimicrobial resistance, Biogas, Compost, Lime treatment, Long-term storage, Solid-liquid separation.
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Didanna, Habtamu L., Ashenafi Mengistu Wossen, Tadesse Kuma Worako, and Berhanu Kuma Shano. "Factors influencing intensification of dairy production systems in Ethiopia." Outlook on Agriculture 47, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727018770463.
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Little is known of how dairy intensification driven by socioeconomic issues and dairy development efforts works as well as the challenges of changing production systems in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. A study was carried out to analyze factors determining intensification of dairy production systems and the present status of market-oriented smallholder dairy operations in Ethiopia. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 200 dairy farmers. The results revealed that 77% of respondents reared improved/crossbred dairy cows, 53.5% acquired good manure management besides crossbreeding, and 44% of the sampled rural households were involved in cultivating improved forage crops and crossbreeding practices. The binary logistic regression model output showed that herd size, farmland size, dairy training, and cooperative membership had significant effects on cultivating improved forages. Dairy production system, dairying experience, and herd size were significantly associated with rearing only crossbred dairy cows. Farmland size, dairy system, and awareness of manure handling were significantly associated with practicing good manure management. Further analysis of the extent of intensification indicated that mean daily milk yield per cow and household milk market share were significantly related to crossbreeding and manure management practices in combination. Thus, production systems–based dairy breeding and manure management, related input supply, and alternative formal marketing options are the key attributes of the intensification and improved productivity of smallholder dairy production that need to be considered while designing policy and intervention.
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Stroheim, Erich von, and Dana Loyd Keske Hoag. "Valuing Cattle Manure as an Agricultural Resource for Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 9375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169375.
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Within a context of beef feedlots and feed-crop production systems, we surveyed farmers to identify their perceived monetary value for the manure they used or could have used. Value is contextual with respect to a number of socio-economic, environmental, regulatory, and physical factors, which influence farmer’s inclinations about how they manage manure. The most desirable manure management strategies are likely practiced by those who perceive its value highest, and, conversely, the least desirable manure management strategies are likely practiced by those who assign the lowest value to it. This study considered factors that affect or relate to farmer perceptions of manure’s value. Using quantile regression, we observed variations in how farmers perceived the value of manure, considering farm and farmer characteristics, farming practices, select preferences, and whether or not they used manure on their own cropland. For example, we found that livestock producers who grow feed for their own cattle value manure differently compared to crop producers who do not manage cattle, most likely due to perceived need. Added years of experience in farming lowered the farmer’s perception of manure’s value. Additionally, extra tillage required when using manure was seen by farmers not as a burden but rather as a benefit.
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Hoag, Dana L., and Fritz M. Roka. "Environmental policy and swine manure management Waste not or want not?" American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 10, no. 4 (December 1995): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s088918930000641x.
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AbstractLivestock production and manure handling decisions often have been treated in the literature as separate enterprises. Policymakers, too, have ignored the interactive nature of manure management by focusing on land application for nutrient disposal. This study outlines a systems approach to describe the interrelated decisions producers face, using examples from North Carolina and Iowa that show how producers' attitudes toward manure management lead them to handle manure differently in different regions. In North Carolina, nutrients in manure are “not wanted.” There are economic incentives to treat manure, thus reducing its nutrient content, and to apply it on as little land as possible. In Iowa, nutrients are “not wasted.” Producers conserve the nutrients in manure and use them more fully, applying manure to higher value crops such as corn. Policies that influence manure management can be made more effective by accounting for the differences in producers' incentives to waste or want the nutrients.
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Fanjaniaina, Marie Lucia, Fabien Stark, Noelly Phostin Ramarovahoaka, Jeanny Fiononana Rakotoharinaivo, Tovonarivo Rafolisy, Paulo Salgado, and Thierry Becquer. "Nutrient Flows and Balances in Mixed Farming Systems in Madagascar." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020984.
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Mixed farming systems are still prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. In these systems, the recycling of nutrients through crop-livestock integration (CLI) practices is crucial for the sustainability of soil fertility and crop production. The objective of this study was to analyze nutrient (N, P, K) flows and balances of mixed farming systems to assess CLI contribution to the performance of those systems. We hypothesized that more intensive farms had a better nutrient balance at the farm level, and that improved biomass management methods improved their nutrient balance. Nine farms in the Madagascar highlands were selected, some corresponding to poor traditional farms with only draft cattle; some small or medium-sized, more intensive farms with a dairy herd; and some of the latter with some improvement to management methods of livestock effluents (manure composting, liquid manure collection). The nutrient balance of the farming systems was determined, and performance indicators were calculated at both farming, livestock, and CLI levels. Results showed that nutrient recycling through CLI is significant in the functioning of the systems studied, contributing primarily to circulating nutrient flows (up to 76%) and leading to greater efficiency and productivity. Nutrient flows resulting from these practices mainly concerned animal feeding (higher than 60% of nutrient flows), even if manure management was central for crop fertilization and that manure remained a desired animal product of these types of farms (up to 100% of animal products). Large negative balances of N and K (up to 80% of inputs) were observed in traditional livestock systems with draft cattle. They were smaller (39–68%) in more intensive dairy farms. Composting of manure did not decrease negative balances, whereas their magnitude was significantly reduced by the collection of liquid manure (19% for N; 42% for K). Better management of biomass at the farm level, in particular the collection of liquid manure, seemed to substantially reduce nutrient losses in MFS.
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Roder, W., S. Schürmann, P. Chittanavanh, K. Sipaseuth, and M. Fernandez. "Soil fertility management for organic rice production in the Lao PDR." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 21, no. 4 (December 2006): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf2006161.
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AbstractRice is the most important agricultural commodity of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), produced largely using traditional methods with limited inputs of fertilizers and other chemicals. The country has a wide diversity in rice production systems and rice varieties, with over 3000 different varieties recorded. The rich diversity and the production environment and methods are favorable for organic rice production. Investigations were carried out to describe soil fertility conditions, management practices, opportunities and problems associated with organic production methods for rice. Soils used for rice production are mostly of low fertility, with low organic matter and N-availability. In spite of this, virtually no fertilizer inputs are used for upland rice production. Inorganic fertilizer inputs for lowland rice production have increased rapidly over the past decade, but are still below 20 kg ha−1. The most important nutrient sources are rice straw and manure from buffalo and cattle. Chromolaena odorata plays an important role in nutrient cycling in upland rice systems and is sometimes added to lowland fields. In a range of fertility management studies, yield increase ranged from 2 to 89% for manure, straw or rice husk applied at modest rates (3 t ha−1), 32–156% for modest rates of inorganic fertilizer (60 kg N ha−1) and 36–167% for combined application of manure or crop residues with inorganic fertilizer. The response to locally produced commercial organic fertilizer was poor. The most promising inputs and strategies available to optimize yields in organic rice production systems are (1) optimizing use of locally available nutrients, mostly from manure, crop residues and weed biomass, (2) N addition through green manure and legumes growing in rotation and (3) additions of P through guano or rock-phosphate. The Lao PDR is fortunate to have substantial bat guano deposits in limestone caves. Extensive experience is available on straw and husk management for lowland systems and green manure species for upland production systems.
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GIONGO, VANDERLISE, ALESSANDRA MONTEIRO SALVIANO, MÔNICA DA SILVA SANTANA, NIVALDO DUARTE COSTA, and JONY EISHI YURI. "SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE MELON CROPPING IN THE SUBMEDIAN OF THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 3 (September 2016): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n303rc.
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ABSTRACT Changes in soils management systems, including the application of green manure, are able to increase crop productivity. The aim of this study was to propose a soil management system with the use of green manure to improve the nutritional status and melon productivity in the submedian of the São Francisco Valley. The experiment was installed in Typic Plinthustalf and conducted in split plot. There were two soil tillage systems, tillage (T) and no tillage (NT), and three types of green manure (two vegetal cocktails: VC1 - 75% legumes (L) + 25% non-legumes (NL); VC2- 25% L+ 75% NL and spontaneous vegetation (SV)). The experimental design was a randomised block with four replications. Fourteen species of legumes, grasses and oilseeds were used for the composition of the plant cocktails. We evaluated production of the dry shoot and root biomass and carbon and nutrient accumulation by green manures and melon plant. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the treatment means were compared by Tukey´s test (P<0.05). Shoot biomass production and carbon and nutrient accumulation were higher in plant mixtures compared to spontaneous vegetation. The root system of the plant cocktails added larger quantities of biomass and nutrients to the soil to a depth of 0.60 m when compared to the spontaneous vegetation. The cultivation of plant cocktails with soil tillage, regardless of their composition, is a viable alternative for adding biomass and nutrients to the soil in melon crops in semi-arid conditions, providing productivity increases.
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Sherman, Jessica F., Eric O. Young, William E. Jokela, Michael D. Casler, Wayne K. Coblentz, and Jason Cavadini. "Influence of Soil and Manure Management Practices on Surface Runoff Phosphorus and Nitrogen Loss in a Corn Silage Production System: A Paired Watershed Approach." Soil Systems 5, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5010001.
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Best management practices (BMPs) can mitigate erosion and nutrient runoff. We evaluated runoff losses for silage corn management systems using paired watershed fields in central Wisconsin. A two-year calibration period of fall-applied liquid dairy manure incorporated with chisel plow tillage (FMT) was followed by a three and a half-year treatment period. During the treatment period FMT was continued on one field, and three different systems on the others: (a) fall-applied manure and chisel tillage plus a vegetative buffer strip (BFMT); (b) a fall rye cover crop with spring manure application and chisel tillage (RSMT), both BMPs; a common system (c) fall manure application with spring chisel tillage (FMST). Year-round runoff monitoring included flow, suspended sediment (SS), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrate, and total nitrogen (TN). Results showed BFMT reduced runoff SS, TP, and TN concentration and load compared to FMT. The RSMT system reduced concentrations of SS, TP, and TN, but not load because of increased runoff. The FMST practice increased TP, DRP, and NH4+-N loads by 39, 376, and 197%, respectively. While BMPs showed mitigation potential for SS, TN, and TP, none controlled DRP, suggesting additional practices may be needed in manured corn silage fields with high runoff potential.
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Holzem, Ryan M., and John F. Katers. "Life-cycle Analysis of Advanced Manure Management Systems for a Wisconsin Confined Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO)." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 1 (2019): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12663.
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Abstract. Manure management is becoming an increasing burden for large dairy farms in Wisconsin and across the United States due to land application limitations for nutrients and hauling costs. One solution is to install advanced manure management systems, which remove large portions of water from the manure and treat it to a level sufficient for surface water discharge, livestock consumption, or irrigation. These systems can be divided into a pretreatment stage, which consists of solids removal, and a treatment stage, which generally consists of membranes. Not only does this approach reduce the quantity of material that is land applied, it can separate the nutrients into individual manure streams that can be more easily managed. However, there is still limited understanding regarding the costs and operation and maintenance requirements of these systems. To this end, a life-cycle analysis was completed for five commercially available advanced manure management systems based on how they would treat manure from a 3,500-cow dairy farm in Wisconsin, which was concerned only with the drawbacks of hauling and not application limitations. The evaluation included both an economic and non-economic analysis. The economic analysis consisted of a 20-year total present worth life-cycle cost analysis. The non-economic analysis consisted of a comparison of a set of non-economic factors that matched the management goals and strategies identified by the participating farm. Overall, all five systems evaluated addressed nutrient limitations and hauling costs. No treatment system had a payback less than 20 years at a hauling cost of $0.0040 L-1 ($0.015 gal-1). However, two systems had a payback period less than 20 years for a hauling cost of $0.0053 L-1 ($0.02 gal-1). Furthermore, if capital costs were ignored, the cost of recovered water was comparable to hauling costs for four of the alternatives. Still, there was high uncertainty in the estimated costs due to the low number of current installations of these systems on CAFOs. There was also a wide range of responses to the non-economic evaluation metrics, especially regarding performance, nutrient management techniques, chemical usage, and estimated regular operation and maintenance, which was again, likely due to the limited number of farm installations. Future work will verify actual costs and performance of these systems once implemented. Keywords: Advanced Manure Management, CAFOs, Dairy, Life-cycle analysis.
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Lei, Beining, Juan Wang, and Huaiying Yao. "Ecological and Environmental Benefits of Planting Green Manure in Paddy Fields." Agriculture 12, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020223.
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Soil fertility management is one of the most important factors affecting crop production. The use of organic manures, including green manure, is an important strategy to maintain and/or improve soil fertility for sustainable crop production. Green manure generally refers to crops that can provide fertilizer sources for agricultural cash crops and improve soil productivity. The application of green manure is a traditional and valuable practice for agroecosystem management, particularly in paddy systems where green manure is rotated with rice. This paper systematically reviews the effects of green manure on soil microenvironments and greenhouse gas emissions, and the role of green manure in the phytoremediation of paddy fields. The paper concludes that green manure can not only affect soil nutrients and the microbial community, but also reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance soil remediation to some extent. Moreover, this review provides theoretical guidance on the selection of green manure germplasm and tillage methods for paddy fields of different climates and textures. However, this review only provides a macro-overview of the effects of green manure on soil nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil remediation in rice paddies based on a large number of previous studies, and does not provide a comprehensive quantitative assessment due to differences in green manure varieties and soil texture. The prospects for quantitative analysis of the ecological and economic effects of the sustainable development of green manure cultivation are discussed.
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J. D. Kern and M. L. Wolfe. "COVER CROP/DAIRY MANURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: WATER QUALITY AND SOIL SYSTEM IMPACTS." Transactions of the ASAE 48, no. 4 (2005): 1333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.19192.
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Gourley, Cameron J. P., Sharon R. Aarons, and J. Mark Powell. "Nitrogen use efficiency and manure management practices in contrasting dairy production systems." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 147 (January 2012): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.011.
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MOURA, ELIAS ARIEL DE, VANDER MENDONÇA, ENOCH DE SOUZA FERREIRA, LUANA MENDES OLIVEIRA, and BRUNA ESTER FREITAS MELO. "MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON PRODUCTION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL TRAITS OF FRUITS OF CONVENTIONALLY AND ORGANICALLY GROWN FIG1." Revista Caatinga 34, no. 4 (December 2021): 867–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n414rc.
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ABSTRACT Fig (Ficus carica L.) is widely accepted due to its organoleptic and pharmacological properties. Search for innovations to improve the crop management has increased to reduce environmental impacts and improve the organoleptic quality and food safety of the fruits. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of fertilization methods and plant training systems on the production and physicochemical traits of fig. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with three blocks and three plants per plot. The factors corresponded to five fertilizers (chemical, cattle manure, sheep manure, poultry litter, and organic compost) and four training systems (two branches, three branches, four branches, and espalier). Results showed that, when using chemical fertilizer and poultry litter, plants showed similar productivity and number of fruits, which had similar firmness, length, and peel color (L and °h). The highest production and number of immature fruits were obtained using cattle manure. Soluble solids content and soluble solids content/ titratable acidity ratio were higher in fruits from plants fertilized with cattle manure, sheep manure, and organic compost. On the other hand, plants trained with three and four branches or in espalier produced fruits with the highest soluble solids content and weight. Also, heavier fruits were obtained using chemical fertilization and conducting plants with two, three, and four branches.
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Wall, E., A. McVittie, V. Eory, and D. Moran. "Cost effectiveness of abating greenhouse gases from UK livestock systems." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200028611.
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Mitigating, or abating, greenhouse gases (GHG) from livestock systems can play a vital role in providing solutions to the UK’s climate change obligations. The main abatement options from the livestock sector, independent of grazing/pasture management, are through the efficiencies with which ruminant animals utilise their diet and manure management. Options include breed selection, through manipulation of dietary regimes or manure storage strategies. Attempts to abate GHG emissions should first target those abatement options that are cost efficient and this study estimates the cost effectiveness of selected options for the UK livestock sector.
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Provolo, Giorgio, Gabriele Mattachini, Alberto Finzi, Martina Cattaneo, Viviana Guido, and Elisabetta Riva. "Global Warming and Acidification Potential Assessment of a Collective Manure Management System for Bioenergy Production and Nitrogen Removal in Northern Italy." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 3653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103653.
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Collective manure processing facilities to reduce nutrient loads and produce renewable energy are often proposed as feasible solutions in intensive livestock production areas. However, the transferring of effluents from farms to the treatment plant and back to farms, as well as the treatment operations themselves, must be carefully evaluated to assure the environmental sustainability of the solution. This study evaluated the global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP) of a collective treatment plant for bioenergy production and nitrogen removal as an alternative strategy to conventional on-farm manure management systems. Two manure management scenarios were compared: manure management on individual farms and management by a collective treatment plant. Data were collected at a collective processing plant and at the individual farms of the consortium to estimate emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, NH3 and SO2. The plant receives manure from 21 livestock production units, treating 660 tonnes day−1 of manure. The GWP and AP indicators were calculated to evaluate the potential impact of the two management solutions. The collective solution reduced both GWP (−52%) and AP (−43%) compared to manure management separately by each farm. Further improvement might be obtained in both indicators by introducing mitigation techniques in farm manure storage and manure application to soil.
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Yang, Yichao, Amanda J. Ashworth, Jennifer M. DeBruyn, Cammy Willett, Lisa M. Durso, Kim Cook, Philip A. Moore, Jr., and Phillip R. Owens. "Soil bacterial biodiversity is driven by long-term pasture management, poultry litter, and cattle manure inputs." PeerJ 7 (October 1, 2019): e7839. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7839.
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Soil microorganisms are important for maintaining soil health, decomposing organic matter, and recycling nutrients in pasture systems. However, the impact of long-term conservation pasture management on soil microbial communities remains unclear. Therefore, soil microbiome responses to conservation pasture management is an important component of soil health, especially in the largest agricultural land-use in the US. The aim of this study was to identify soil microbiome community differences following 13-years of pasture management (hayed (no cattle), continuously grazed, rotationally grazed with a fenced, un-grazed and unfertilized buffer strip, and a control (no poultry litter or cattle manure inputs)). Since 2004, all pastures (excluding the control) received annual poultry litter at a rate of 5.6 Mg ha−1. Soil samples were collected at a 0–15 cm depth from 2016–2017 either pre or post poultry litter applications, and bacterial communities were characterized using Illumina 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Overall, pasture management influenced soil microbial community structure, and effects were different by year (P < 0.05). Soils receiving no poultry litter or cattle manure had the lowest richness (Chao). Continuously grazed systems had greater (P < 0.05) soil community richness, which corresponded with greater soil pH and nutrients. Consequently, continuously grazed systems may increase soil diversity, owing to continuous nutrient-rich manure deposition; however, this management strategy may adversely affect aboveground plant communities and water quality. These results suggest conservation pasture management (e.g., rotationally grazed systems) may not improve microbial diversity, albeit, buffer strips were reduced nutrients and bacterial movement as evident by low diversity and fertility in these areas compared to areas with manure or poultry litter inputs. Overall, animal inputs (litter or manure) increased soil microbiome diversity and may be a mechanism for improved soil health.
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Rauber, Luiz Paulo, Andréia Patrícia Andrade, Augusto Friederichs, Álvaro Luiz Mafra, Dilmar Baretta, Márcio Gonçalves da Rosa, Maria Sueli Heberle Mafra, and Juliano Corulli Correa. "Soil physical indicators of management systems in traditional agricultural areas under manure application." Scientia Agricola 75, no. 4 (August 2018): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2016-0453.
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Chuang, Liu. "The Status of Environmental and Manure Management Systems in Selected U.S. Livestock Industries." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 16 (January 1, 2000): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700784994957.
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Köninger, Julia, Emanuele Lugato, Panos Panagos, Mrinalini Kochupillai, Alberto Orgiazzi, and Maria J. I. Briones. "Manure management and soil biodiversity: Towards more sustainable food systems in the EU." Agricultural Systems 194 (December 2021): 103251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103251.
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Won, Seunggun, Youngbin Yoon, Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid, Arif Reza, Soomin Shim, Seungsoo Kim, Changsix Ra, Eliza Novianty, and Kyu-Hyun Park. "Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emission from Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) Manure Management Systems." Atmosphere 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080845.
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The agricultural sector is considered one of the major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. The livestock industry as a significant contributor, is accounting for about 18% of GHG emissions measured in carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent from agricultural practices. Depending on farming practices and climatic conditions, GHGs such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from livestock agriculture can vary significantly. Country-specific emission factors are, therefore, needed for a precise estimation of GHG emissions and to avoid uncertainties. This study was aimed at estimating the CH4 and N2O emission fluxes from Hanwoo (the most famous and popular Korean native cattle) manure management systems. CH4 and N2O emission fluxes from litter in the Hanwoo cattle barn and composting lot were monitored and calculated for 52 weeks using the dynamic chamber method. The calculated monthly average fluxes of CH4 and N2O from litter in the cattle barn ranged from 0.0 to 30.0 ± 13.7 and 0.896 ± 0.557 to 2.925 ± 2.853 μg/m2 s, respectively during the whole measurement period. While during the composting period, the monthly average of CH4 and N2O emission fluxes were varied from 1.449 ± 0.783 to 86.930 ± 19.092 and 0.511 ± 0.410 to 2.629 ± 1.105 μg/m2 s, respectively. The calculated emission fluxes of CH4 and N2O from manure management systems in this study were almost 5.4 and 2.1 times, respectively higher than the values reported for the Asian, South and North American countries in the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Overall, this study initiates the process along with signifies the importance of developing country-specific GHG inventories for the effective reduction of GHG emissions from the livestock sector in Korea.
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Ewusi-Mensah, N., V. Logah, and E. J. Akrasi. "Impact of Different Systems of Manure Management on the Quality of Cow Dung." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 46, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2014.967854.
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