Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Manufacturing wages'
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Arbache, Jorge Saba. "The structure and dispersion of wages in Brazilian manufacturing." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267370.
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Rydbert, Erik. "Labor Dynamics in Chinese Manufacturing." Thesis, KTH, Industriell dynamik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33740.
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During the process of globalization, China has gained a position as an extremely important player on the world economic stage. The country has become particularly famous as a hub for the global manufacturing industry, with a large quantity of cheap labor that produces low-cost products. However, there is now growing concern that the labor costs for China’s manufacturing workforce are growing rampantly. This could have obvious detrimental effects for Chinese exports, and foreshadow major restructuring of China’s economy, with important consequences for the rest of the world. With this background, the research aims to answer the questions of whether wages are indeed growing as quickly as reported, and what factors could explain such growth. The paper pays special attention to the so-called Lewis model, as many analysts claim that it explains the great increase in compensation levels for Chinese manufacturing workers. The Lewis model is explained and its applicability to China is discussed. The study also examines other possible explanatory factors to establish the causes of the increasing labor costs. The research aims to triangulate a diversity of sources, including quantitative data supplied by major national and international agencies, qualitative data in the form of media reports, and two company case studies conducted by the author. The paper concludes that manufacturing wages have indeed risen sharply in recent years, and are likely to continue to do so. However, it is found that the labor costs for unskilled workers is not as important of a factor for manufacturing companies in China as is commonly believed. For export companies specifically, it is found that Chinese currency appreciation is a much greater economic threat. In regard to the Lewis model, no conclusive evidence is found that it is a sufficient or even very good explanation of the rising manufacturing wages. Instead, it is found that a high level of inflation, especially in some parts of China, can explain a large part of the publicized increase in labor costs.I globaliseringens tidevarv har Kina blivit känt som en nyckelspelare i världsekonomin. Landet har blivit speciellt välkänt som ett centrum för verkstadsindustrin, med stora mängder billig arbetskraft som kan tillverka produkter till låga priser. Nu finns det dock en växande oro för kraftigt stigande löner i Kina. Detta skulle ha uppenbara effekter för kinesisk export, och kan driva en omfattande omstrukturering inom den kinesiska ekonomin, med långtgående konsekvenser för resten av världen. Mot denna bakgrund vill den här uppsatsen undersöka huruvida lönerna verkligen stiger så fort som vissa påstår, och vilka faktorer som skulle kunna förklara en sådan tillväxt. Speciell uppmärksamhet fästs vid den så kallade Lewismodellen, eftersom ett antal källor hävdar att den förklarar den stora ökningen i kompensationsnivåer för kinesiska industriarbetare. Lewismodellen förklaras och dess applicerbarhet vis-a-vis Kina diskuteras. Uppsatsen undersöker också andra möjliga förklaringar bakom de stigande lönekostnaderna. Forskningen baseras på triangulering av diverse olika källor, inklusive kvantitativa data från stora nationella och internationella organisationer, kvalitativa data från media, och två fallstudier utförda av författaren. Forskningen bekräftar att industrilönerna verkligen har stigit kraftfullt på senare år, och att de mycket väl kan fortsätta växa framöver. Dock ifrågasätts det grundläggande antagandet att lönekostnaderna för otränad arbetskraft är så pass viktiga som många tror. Speciellt för exportsektorn visar det sig att stärkning av den kinesiska valutan är ett mycket större hot. Vad gäller Lewismodellen hittades inga starka bevis för att den är en särskilt bra förklaringsmodell för de stigande lönerna. Istället visar undersökningen att hög inflation, speciellt i vissa delar av Kina, kan förklara en stor del av de ökande lönekostnaderna.
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Munshi, Farzana. "Essays on globalization and occupational wages." Göteborg : Dep. of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg Univ, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/56139718X.pdf.
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Univ., Diss.--Göteborg, 2008.Enth. 4 Beitr. Zsfassung in engl. Sprache. Trade liberalization and wage inequality--empirical evidence from Bangladesh / by Dick Durevall and Farzana Munshi -- Does openness reduce wage inequality in developing countries? Panel data evidence from Bangladesh / by Farzana Munshi -- Globalization and inter-occupational inequality in a panel of countries, 1983-2003 / by Farzana Munshi -- Offshoring and occupational wages--some empirical evidence / by Arne Bigsten, Dick Durevall, and Farzana Munshi.
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Kangasniemi, Mari H. "Essays on job tenure, wages, worker mobility and occupation in Finnish manufacturing : do institutions matter?" Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268874.
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Campbell, Robert Wilfred. "Wages and labour productivity in Canada : across the provinces and over the ruralurban divide." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29418.
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Regional economic disparities are a widely noted characteristic of the Canadian economy. This thesis examines regional disparities in terms of wages and labour productivity in the manufacturing sector. Regional disparities are analysed along three dimensions: provinces, rural/urban areas and industrial structure. Various competing theories are discussed and compared to the findings. Shift-share based decomposition analyses the magnitude and pattern of disparity and controls for industrial structure. Weighted regression is used to combine provincial and rural/urban effects. The findings support theories that emphasize provinces as units of analysis. The rural/urban results gave qualified support to urban theory. Accounting for industrial structure impacted both the rural/urban and provincial results. The regression analysis found the rural/urban dimension was significant; however, industrial structure and provincial effects were more significant. These results suggest industrial location and provincial economic policies can influence regional economic disparities in Canada.
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Jhaveri, Yaseen N. "The impact of trade liberalisation on wages in the South African manufacturing sector between 2000 and 2007." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8964.
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Includes bibliographical references.This study investigates the impact of trade liberalization on wages in the manufacturing sector in South Africa between 2000 and 2007. The Stolper - Samuelson theorem predicts that trade liberalisation decreases the relative return of workers employed most intensively in the liberalising industries. We estimate the relationship between trade liberalisation and wages using expanded Mincerian wage regressions that contain measures of protection. In addition, we go beyond the Heckscher - Ohlin - Samuelson framework and investigate whether or not the impact of union bargaining power on wages in a given industry is conditional upon the level of protection. The analysis is conducted using LFS household survey data in combination with average industry tariffs and effective rates of protection. Our findings suggest that trade liberalisation has resulted in a decrease in wages. In addition, we find that the impact of trade liberalisation on wages is dependent on the level of education of a worker. Our findings suggest that relatively unskilled individuals have suffered more from trade liberalisation than those who are relatively skilled. Finally, we find that the impact of union bargaining power on wages in a given industry, is dependent upon the level of protection.
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Kosteas, Billy D. "The impact of foreign direct investment and trade policy on productivity, wages and technology adoption in Mexican manufacturing plants." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/21104.
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Driffield, Nigel L. "Wages and labour productivity in the foreign owned sector of the UK : a comparison with domestically owned firms and implications for UK manufacturing." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317633.
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Bryan, Jane. "Small manufacturing firms and regional development in Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436657.
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Roberts, Annette. "The economic impact of foreign manufacturing investment in Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301170.
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Munday, M. C. R. "The history of Japanese manufacturing investment in Wales since 1972." Thesis, Swansea University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638276.
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Since the mid-seventies, Japanese manufacturing companies have come to play an increasingly important role in the economy of Wales. The Japanese companies have won for themselves an image as innovative employers who use new organisational techniques, and as such they are becoming a highly promising industrial segment within Wales. Indeed, Wales has one of the largest concentrations of Japanese foreign direct investment in Europe. This thesis is a history of this Japanese manufacturing investment in Wales. The initial parts of this investigation examine the growth of Japanese foreign direct investment in the post-war period, and its spread to Europe, and the UK. Turning to a consideration of Wales in particular, the thesis then examines the success of Wales in attracting such a concentration of Japanese manufacturers, and investigates how this has been achieved. The core of the work considers aspects of the operational experience of the Japanese in Wales, and further the short term, and long term effects appertaining to the presence of the Japanese. A series of case studies considering the histories of specific Japanese projects in Wales, is used to confirm some of the conclusions reached in earlier parts of the thesis. From this examination it will be possible to show that the Japanese have had a successful experience of Wales, and that beneficial effects have flowed to the region at a time when indigenous investment has been in short supply. Having shown that it will be in the interests of Wales to continue to attract such investment, the final part of the work attempts to forecast whether Wales will be able to attract more such investment in the future. This topic is considered in the light of increasing competition from other regions of the UK and Europe to attract such internationally mobile capital projects.
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Mathers, Philip. "The effect of acoustic standing waves on vacuum coating technology." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263535.
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Jenkins, John. "Manufacturing masculinities, manufacturing history : masculinity, genre and social context in six anglophone novels of the South Wales valleys." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/107022/.
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This thesis examines representations of Welsh masculinity in six South Wales anglophone novels: Gwyn Jones’s ‘Times Like These’ (1936), Lewis Jones’s ‘Cwmardy’ (1937), Menna Gallie’s ‘Strike for a Kingdom’ (1959), Ron Berry’s ‘So Long, Hector Bebb’ (1970), Roger Granelli’s ‘Dark Edge’ (1997), and Kit Habianic’s ‘Until Our Blood is Dry’ (2014). Understanding masculinity as a cultural construct, the following chapters analyse the interconnection between the patriarchal, industrialised social context from which such masculinities emerge, as well as the generic forms through which they are fictionally inscribed in these novels. This thesis applies a broad range of literary and gender theories to close readings of Welsh industrial fiction. Specifically, it draws extensively on R. W. Connell’s formulation of hegemonic masculinity, supplemented by the prominent work of Judith Butler, Michael Kimmel and others. Pierre Macherey and Raymond Williams inform much of the understanding of the interrelationship of culture and society. And the work of Stephen Knight, Katie Gramich and Dai Smith, among many others, has been vital to this study’s understanding of the broad field of Welsh fiction in English. Chapter One adapts Raymond Williams’s tripartite schema of ‘dominant’, ‘residual’ and ‘emergent’ energies in social process to read masculinities in ‘Times Like These’ as studies inflected through a historicised perspective. Focusing on the construction of the individual rather the politicising of the community in ‘Cwmardy’, Chapter Two examines how the coercive paradigms of patriarchal masculinity in the novel fragment both the debilitatingly sensitive Len Roberts and his physically robust, though emotionally suppressed father, Jim. Chapter Three examines how Menna Gallie’s whodunnit ‘Strike for a Kingdom’ manipulates a traditionally patriarchal sub-genre to feminise and infantilise Welsh miners, thereby challenging both the gendering and genre of earlier male-authored industrial novels. Chapter Four diverges from considering masculinity as a cultural construct to argue that in Ron Berry’s paean to ‘authentic’ masculinity, ‘So Long, Hector Bebb’, Hector is an intertextualised amalgam of heroic, mythical characteristics whose lineage extends back to antiquity. The final chapter analyses how, in ‘Dark Edge’ and ‘Until Our Blood is Dry’, the 1984-85 miners’ strike subjects Welsh masculinities to fundamental challenges of self identity when confronted by a radical government and a politically engaged feminism. Although the critical field devoted to studying masculine representations in the Valleys is expanding, it remains relatively small. With the passing of the mining industry and its associated signifiers like boxing, a whole tranche of Welsh literary history is threatened with elision from public consciousness, or incorporation into a mythical retrospective of stabilised masculinity predicated on unassailable patriarchal hegemony. As becomes apparent in the following chapters, a gendered reading of the texts exposes ‘masculinity’ as an elusive concept, as capable of incarcerating men in a patriarchal code of practice as of liberating them.
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Furuta, Manabu. "Three Essays on the Indian Manufacturing: Wage Inequality, Export and Informality." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225372.
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Westhead, Paul. "New manufacturing firm formation in the context of the economy of Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257210.
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Bäck, Mårten, and Staffan Runemo. "Production in Low-Wage Countries." Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-155.
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Background:
What initially caught our attention was the fact that many Swedish manufacturing firms establish production abroad and consequently many jobs are lost. However we decided to go behind the alarming reports of lost jobs, and instead study the subject from the companies’ perspective.
Purpose:
The purpose of the thesis is to study why Swedish companies establish production in China and Eastern Europe, how the production in these regions works, and what effects it has had on the company.
Method:
A qualitative study was conducted where interviews were performed with six Swedish manufacturing firms. The answers from each interview were then analyzed in order to match the empirical findings to the theoretical framework. A joint analysis was conducted where the answers from the six interviews were compared and analyzed. Finally conclusions were drawn as answer to our purpose.
Conclusions:
Our studies show that there are two main reasons for Swedish manufacturing firms to establish production in China and Eastern Europe respectively. These reasons are reduced costs and possibility to produce closer to the market. Keeping the product development in Sweden when producing abroad does not imply any problems as long as regular visits are paid to the plant. These visits are also important in order to maintain the relationships, which seems to be especially important in China. Cultural differences affecting the production exist to a varying extent both in China and Eastern Europe compared to Sweden. Establishing production abroad seems to be successful for most companies.
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Harmstorf, Hugo Neil Arnold. "Interstate wage relativities as determinants of South Australian manufacturing : an interstate comparison /." Title page and introduction only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ech2889.pdf.
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Ecevit, Yildiz. "Gender and wage work : a case study of Turkish women in manufacturing industry." Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277381.
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Ioannou-Giannakis, Christos. "Collective bargaining, incomes policy and relative wage flexibility in Greek manufacturing, 1966-1988." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1196/.
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Based on the assumption that industrial relations influence labour market outcomes, the thesis examines first, the characteristics and the evolution of bargaining structures and procedures in the Greek system of industrial relations, second, the governmental policies aimed at wage and employment regulation, and third, the extent to which, in the context of developments in industrial relations as well as in the context of incomes policy, there was room for relative wage flexibility in the Greek manufacturing sector. The main conclusion of the thesis is that, despite the extensive and continuous regulation of wage determination procedures by successive governments, changes in industrial relations which occurred after 1975 and were marked by decentralised, fragmented and informal collective bargaining, were accompanied by flexibility in relative wages. The sources of this flexibility, which is largely noncompetitive, are related to industry-specific productivity gains as well as to industry-specific rates of strike activity. Moreover, the rise of decentralised, fragmented and informal collective bargaining influenced the effectiveness of the norm-based and the indexation incomes policies as far as variation in the inter-industry wage structure in the Greek manufacturing sector is concerned.
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McCartan, Patrick John. "Competition and segmentation : an analysis of wage determination and labour adjustments in manufacturing industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001453.
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The thesis itself proceeds according to the following outline. Chapter One is concerned with the neoclassical theory of the labour market. Three particular models are surveyed all of which attempt to explain wage differentials and labour adjustments within a competitive equilibrium framework. The basic model of the labour market which rests upon the marginal productivity theory of labour demand, the utility-maximising approach to labour supply and the competitive theory of market equilibrium is dealt with first.This is followed by an outline of human capital theory which emphasises the crucial role played by education and training in determining individual earnings . Finally, attention is focused on disequilibrium wage models of adjustment which account for wage dispersion in terms of the amount and quality of information available to transactors in the labour market.(Introduction, p. 3-4)
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Boyce, Ncedile. "Factors influencing pay systems in the manufacturing industry of Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021168.
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Collective bargaining was impacted by the confrontation at Marakina and the role players, employers and unions were left looking for new creative alternatives to reward operational employees (blue collar workers).Then, finding a well-designed pay system is crucial for the success of the organisation, since collective bargaining is under pressure. The following determinants, job based pay, performance based pay, skills based pay, education and training, and tenure based pay were constructed from literature to formulate the conceptual model for the pay of operators in the manufacturing sector of Port Elizabeth. There are a number of factors that are at play in the determination and design of pay systems, which need to be considered. Two major pay systems are at the centre of this study and they are those based on the worth of the job and those that are based on employees’ skills, productivity, education and training, and tenure. Pay equity is at the heart of employment relationship and is the reference point with regard to the distribution of resources when economic productivity and profitability are achieved. The findings presented indicated that all the determinants, job based pay, performance based pay, skills based pay and education and training, with the exception of tenure based pay, were significant to the pay of operational employees. However, the multivariable regression model found that job based pay is more significant and should be modelled as the foundation of the pay system for operational employees. Other pay determinants, such as performance and skills based pay are best modelled as additional increments that accelerate employees’ pay.
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Abdullah, Hussainatu Jummai. "Women in development : a study of female wage labour in Kano's manufacturing sector, 1945-1990." Thesis, University of Hull, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333894.
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Sun, Kang. "Manufacturing Identity: Peasant Workers' Spatial Production in China." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1343408103.
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ZHAO, Ling. "Wage Discrimination and the Hukou System in China: Survey-based Analyses for Manufacturing Workers in Pearl River Delta." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16251.
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Conceição, Pedro. "Growth, technology and inter-industry earnings inequality in manufacturing : evidence from a selection of OECD countries, 1970-1990 /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004242.
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Vlassis, Minas G. "Wage and employment determination as a multistage bargain : theory and evidence from the Greek manufacturing sector." Thesis, University of Essex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290900.
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Gupta, Natalie C. F. "Capital intensity of employment, wage share variability, and income inequality : findings from two industrial areas in India." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.647354.
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Rising inequalities between and within income categories (especially labour and capital) haveemerged as an increasing concern particularly in the last two decades. One of the main reasons for this has been a sharp decline in the wage share in many countries. A declining wage share refers to a decrease in the size of the total wage bill relative to either national income or net value addition (NVA). India is an important example of this situation. Trends at the level of aggregate statistics show that the wage bill has not kept up with productivity increases. This has led to a sharp decline in the wage share, leaving researchers the task of explaining the causes (and consequences) of this decline. The research contributes towards this task by critically examining one of the main avenues ofresearch that has been used in order to explain the causes of a declining wage share in India. This refers to the hypothesis according to which this trend is the outcome of increased capital intensity of employment, or more generally labour-saving investments. The study examines the relevance of this hypothesis for dynamics taking place at a disaggregated level of analysis in Indian industrial manufacturing. In order to do this, three main questions are addressed. The first is whether a declining wage share is a necessary outcome of labour-saving investments in production, or whether other factors are also important in mediating this relationship. The second is the conditions affecting the degree to which a declining wage share also involves increased income inequalities within the labour income category, and in some cases, declining real incomes for workers. The third is the relevance of drawing upon a demand and supply framework for the treatment of the question of causality in the analysis. The study answers the questions by drawing on two very different case studies. The first is thePimpri Chinchwad Industrial Township (PCIT), located in the outskirts of Pune (State ofMaharashtra, western India). The production processes characterising many of the factoriesoperating in this area are capital intensive. The second is the art metalware industry in Moradabad (State of Uttar Pradesh, northern India). The production processes taking place in the majority of units in this area are labour-intensive. The findings suggest that the factors contributing to a declining wage share cannot be analysed without at the same time examining the distributional set-ups within which technological changes take place, and how these arrangements are changing. Firstly, many of the factors contributing towards a declining wage share are not directly caused by changes in technology, and hence skill requirements, in production. This includes the weakness (and further weakening) of the mechanisms linking wages to productivity at the firm and sectoral level. Secondly, a declining wage share also involves changing income inequalities within the labour income category. The sources of these inequalities are not only linked to differentials in skills. Thirdly, this is happening in the context of speedy changes in the economy, including changing needs. This makes the links between wages and productivity an important requirement for the labour income category to be able to benefit from increased productivity, not only as workers through the wage system, but also as consumers. Lastly, many of the variables that emerge as important in the analysis cannot be subsumed under a demand and supply framework. One of the implications for the treatment of the issue of causality is the need to move away from seeking causal links in the traditional ‘cause and effect’ framework, to questions about how certain trends come about. This also has consequences for the normative side of the debate.
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Rangel, Marie-Teresa. "Estimating Penalties for Violating the Minimum Wage and Hiring Illegal Immigrants: The Case of the U.S. Apparel Manufacturing Industry." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35190.
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The U.S. apparel manufacturing industry includes many reputable firms, but is also believed to include many sweatshop operations. Sweatshop workers often work under sub-minimum wages, excessively long hours, and abusive management. Sweatshop establishments in the United States typically violate several U.S. labor laws. Two they commonly violate are the minimum wage under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and the ban on hiring illegal immigrants under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. The purpose of the present research was to estimate minimum penalties that would provide no monetary incentive for the average U.S. apparel manufacturing firm to violate the minimum wage and the ban on hiring illegal immigrants.
The minimum per-violation penalties that were estimated to deter violation of the minimum wage are 8 to 28 times the current maximum penalty of $1,000 per violation, and those estimated to deter the hiring of illegal immigrants are 3 to 10 times the current maximum penalty of $10,000 per violation. The estimated penalties are associated with annual probabilities of prosecution ranging from 5% to 15%. The estimated penalties primarily depend on the difference between legal and illegal wage rates. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the estimated penalties are insensitive to the value of the own-price elasticity of production labor demand, which is one of the variables used to calculate the penalties. The results suggest that current federal penalties for violating the minimum wage or the ban on hiring illegal immigrants do not deter infraction of these laws by U.S. apparel manufacturers.Master of Science
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Jenkins, Jean. "From collective bargaining to 'procedural individualisation' : a study of recent trends in industrial relations in South Wales manufacturing." Thesis, Keele University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414882.
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Research was conducted, in the empirical case study tradition of industrial relations enquiry (see Brown and Wright, 1994: 161-163), in thirteen manufacturing plants across a range of industries located in the Industrial Region of South Wales. It is argued that there had been a general move, at the workplaces studied, from a pluralist model of industrial relations towards one that in content, if not outward form, was unitary in nature. Such a shift was often loosely classified under the heading of `partnership' or `co-operation' in the context of union weakness. Under the threat of redundancy or plant closure, workplace unions were encouraged to co-operate with management in facilitating changes to working practices. Managerial information about the threat of competition from alternative producers was combined with the ideology of co-operation and partnership in order to emphasise the common goals of workers, unions and managers. This was particularly the case in strongly unionised plants; where the union was weaker, or non-existent, managers continued as before. The outcome for well-organised plants was the narrowing of bargaining scope and increasingly unilateral managerial decision-making, even if masked by a `pluralist model of practice' (see Guest and Peccei, 1998: 8) involving continued union presence or partnership-style arrangements. The monitoring role of unions remained important in enforcing individual rights. These findings corroborate the work of Brown et al (1999) and (2000). Comparison of results from all thirteen plants makes it difficult to reach any other conclusion than that partnership and procedural individualisation are inextricably linked. The thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of procedural individualisation highlighted in the work of Brown et al (1999) and Brown et al (2000), and has relevance for the debate over partnership relations between management and unions (see, for example, Ackers and Payne, 1998: 529-550; Kelly, 1998: 59-65).
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Onaran, Özlem. "The effect of import penetration on labor market outcomes in Austrian manufacturing industry." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1264/1/document.pdf.
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This paper estimates the effects of imports on employment, wages, and the wage share in Austria for the period of 1990-2005 using panel data of manufacturing industry. Imports are disaggregated according to their origin and as final vs. intermediate imports. There is evidence of significant negative effects of imports on employment, wages and the wage share. Particularly workers in high skilled sectors experience negative effects. Offshoring to both Eastern Europe and the developed countries have a negative impact on employment, whereas offshoring to the East has a positive effect on wages, indicating the dominance of scope effects. (author´s abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Söderberg, Daniel. "Hydrodynamics of plane liquid jets aimed at applications in paper manufacturing." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2839.
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Process industries are in general depending, in one way or the other, on fluid mechanics.Specifically, paper manufacturing, which probably is the dominant processindustry in Sweden, is depending on the flow of cellulose fibres suspended in water.As a part of the process the suspension, consisting of fibres in water, is spread out onor between two moving permeable weaves, i.e. wires. The speed of this is usually 10–30 m/s and the suspension is spread out by a plane jet issuing from a headbox nozzle.It has been show that the conditions in the headbox and jet have a large influence onthe quality of the final paper sheet. Primarily, streaks in the paper sheet are believedto be the result of streamwise streaks in the headbox jet.The thesis is aimed at the flow phenomena which occur in the headbox jet. Theinvestigations have been made with numerical calculations, stability theory and modelexperiments using water, as well as experiments with a real paper machine headboxand fibre suspension. In the thesis an introduction to the hydrodynamics of planeliquid jets is presented together with a description of the paper forming process andthe fluid mechanics of headbox flow.The basic flow and stability of a two-dimensional plane liquid jet has been investigatedby numerical calculations, stability theory and experiments. The calculationsof the laminar basic flow is successfully compared to pitot-tube measurements of thestreamwise velocity profile. By visualisations of the flow it is found that wave disturbanceson the jet has a severe effect on the flow. These waves can be predicted bylinear stability theory, which shows the presence of five convectively unstable modes.These can be divided into three types and by comparison with the experiments thetype of the visible waves is determined. These waves seem to initiate a break-up ofthe jet, which leads to strong streamwise streaks inside the jet.By flow visualisation of headbox flow of an experimental paper machine, togetherwith analysis of the resulting paper structure using the wavelet method the correspondencebetween flow disturbances and paper quality was investigated. It was shownthat the wave instability, which is present on the low Reynolds number water jet, alsocan be found in the real the headbox jet. It is shown that these waves play an importantrole in the dynamics of the headbox jet and also have an influence on the final papersheet.QC 20100825
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Sampath, Vimal G. "ULTRA–LOW POWER STRAINTRONIC NANOMAGNETIC COMPUTING WITH SAW WAVES: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SAW INDUCED MAGNETIZATION SWITCHING AND PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4617.
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A recent International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) report (2.0, 2015 edition) has shown that Moore’s law is unlikely to hold beyond 2028. There is a need for alternate devices to replace CMOS based devices, if further miniaturization and high energy efficiency is desired. The goal of this dissertation is to experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of nanomagnetic memory and logic devices that can be clocked with acoustic waves in an extremely energy efficient manner. While clocking nanomagnetic logic by stressing the magnetostrictive layer of a multiferroic logic element with with an electric field applied across the piezoelectric layer is known to be an extremely energy-efficient clocking scheme, stressing every nanomagnet separately requires individual contacts to each one of them that would necessitate cumbersome lithography. On the other hand, if all nanomagnets are stressed simultaneously with a global voltage, it will eliminate the need for individual contacts, but such a global clock makes the architecture non-pipelined (the next input bit cannot be written till the previous bit has completely propagated through the chain) and therefore, unacceptably slow and error prone. Use of global acoustic wave, that has in-built granularity, would offer the best of both worlds. As the crest and the trough propagate in space with a velocity, nanomagnets that find themselves at a crest are stressed in tension while those in the trough are compressed. All other magnets are relaxed (no stress). Thus, all magnets are not stressed simultaneously but are clocked in a sequentially manner, even though the clocking agent is global.
Finally, the acoustic wave energy is distributed over billions of nanomagnets it clocks, which results in an extremely small energy cost per bit per nanomagnet. In summary, acoustic clocking of nanomagnets can lead to extremely energy efficient nanomagnetic computing devices while also eliminating the need for complex lithography. The dissertation work focuses on the following two topics: Acoustic Waves, generated by IDTs fabricated on a piezoelectric lithium niobate substrate, can be utilized to manipulate the magnetization states in elliptical Co nanomagnets. The magnetization switches from its initial single-domain state to a vortex state after SAW stress cycles propagate through the nanomagnets. The vortex states are stable and the magnetization remains in this state until it is ‘reset’ by an external magnetic field. 2. Acoustic Waves can also be utilized to induce 1800 magnetization switching in dipole coupled elliptical Co nanomagnets. The magnetization switches from its initial single-domain ‘up’ state to a single-domain ‘down’ state after SAW tensile/compressive stress cycles propagate through the nanomagnets. The switched state is stable and non-volatile. These results show the effective implementation of a Boolean NOT gate.
Ultimately, the advantage of this technology is that it could also perform higher order information processing (not discussed here) while consuming extremely low power.
Finally, while we have demonstrated acoustically clocked nanomagnetic memory and logic schemes with Co nanomagnets, materials with higher magnetostriction (such as FeGa) may ultimately improve the switching reliability of such devices. With this in mind we prepared and studied FeGa films using a ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique to extract properties of importance to magnetization dynamics in such materials that could have higher magneto elastic coupling than either Co or Ni.
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Schutzman, Carissa Bradley. "Women Into Advanced Manufacturing: Can Community College Open this Door?" UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/epe_etds/69.
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Women still rarely choose to seek employment in advanced manufacturing. Lack of familiarity with manufacturing jobs and education programs, lack of role models, and too few experiential opportunities contribute to women not choosing manufacturing jobs as well as other jobs traditionally held by men (Reha, Lufkin, & Harrison, 2009; St. Rose & Hill, 2013; Starobin & Laanan, 2008). Nontraditional jobs for women often provide higher wages and more opportunity for advancement than traditional jobs for women. This study is a qualitative thematic narrative analysis of factors that influenced women who chose an advanced manufacturing program at a community college to enter employment in a male-dominated career sector.
Intersectionality and agency were the overarching concepts used to examine how working-class women navigated the unfamiliar spaces of higher education and manufacturing. Data were collected through interviews that spanned across several years as the women in the study advanced through the community college and into the manufacturing workplace. The primary research questions included: 1) What motivated the women to begin the program and what were their doubts? 2) How did the women’s experiences in the community college and participation in an advanced manufacturing program influence their education and career choices? And, 3) What might be learned through their stories, particularly their perspectives related to identity and agency?
Women reported their top reason for initially pursuing education and employment in manufacturing was the potential income and employee benefits; however, as the women progressed, they reported additional benefits that included increased confidence at work and at home. The women cited earning a college credential as the most transformative aspect of their journey and attributed unexpected personal growth and self-discovery to their college experience. Additional findings pertained to the value of the college support program, the challenges of exercising agency in a patriarchal environment, and the advantages of women’s ways of working for both the employee and the employer.
The results of this study have financial implications for women, programmatic implications for colleges, workforce development implications for communities, and employee recruitment and retention implications for manufacturers.
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Yamamoto, Takashi. "Impact of international trade on wage inequality in Japanese manufacturing industries." 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=775165121&SrchMode=2&sid=8&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233794017&clientId=23440.
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Kum, Hyunsub Galbraith James K. "Wage inequality and globalization evidence from manufacturing industries /." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3143888.
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Kum, Hyunsub 1968. "Wage inequality and globalization : evidence from manufacturing industries." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/12783.
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Yamamoto, Takashi 1965. "Impact of international trade on wage inequality in Japanese manufacturing industries." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11354.
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Kao, Pei-Ling, and 高珮玲. "Product market concentration and wages in the Taiwan manufacturing sector." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49ga5v.
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碩士國立中央大學
產業經濟研究所
94
The purpose of this thesis is to comprehensively analyze the personal wage in Taiwan manufacturing firms. A personal wage model, which includes personal characteristics, firm sizes and industry characteristics, is proposed. We discuss how the three different levels affect personal wage and which one has the best result. The data we evaluated in this thesis is the 2003 Manpower Survey Statistics and Firm Revised Statistics. Results show (1) the personal characteristics have positive and significant effect on personal wage, (2) firm sizes affect the wages of different occupations, and (3) industry characteristics, especially on industrial concentration and R&D, have significantly positive impact on the wages of technicians, assistants and assembly line workers.
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Nguyen, Kien Trung. "Economic reforms, manufacturing employment and wage in Vietnam." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/11889.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine patterns and determinants of manufacturing employment and wages in Vietnam during the process of economic transition from a centrally planned to a market- oriented economy during the period 1990-2011.
The thesis begins with an interpretative survey of the theoretical and empirical literature on manufacturing employment and wages in a labour-abundant economy, in order to provide the analytical context for the Vietnam case study. The second chapter surveys the market-oriented economic reforms in Vietnam over the last quarter century, with special emphasis on policies directly relevant for examining labour market outcomes. The next four chapters form the analytical core of the thesis. Chapter 4 examines structural changes in employment patterns in the economy with emphasis on the shift in the patterns of labour deployment from agriculture to manufacturing. Chapter 5 probes the impact of manufacturing export expansion on sectoral employment patterns. Chapter 6 deals with the determinants of inter-industry patterns of manufacturing employment, paying particular attention to the role of export orientation and firm ownership. Chapter 7 focuses on the determinants of manufacturing wages and wage premium. The empirical analysis in these four chapters makes use of a new firm-level panel dataset compiled from unpublished returns to the Annual Enterprise Survey undertaken by the Vietnamese General Statistical Office. The final chapter summarizes the key findings and provides policy implications.
The findings suggest that the reforms have resulted in a significant shift in the pattern of labour absorption in the economy from the agriculture to manufacturing over the past three decades. Employment expansion in the manufacturing sector has been underpinned by a significant change in the employment pattern by ownership. Private sector firms, especially foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) have played a pivotal role in labour market transition. In particular, FIEs in export-oriented industries have accounted for the bulk of new jobs in the manufacturing sector. The expansion of manufacturing exports contributed to a notable increase in overall employment growth. Additionally, there has been a considerable spillover effect of export expansion on job creation in other sectors. There is also evidence that FIEs generally pay higher wages compared to both state-owned enterprises and domestic private firms, and the presence of export-oriented FIEs has contributed to widening the wage premium between skilled and unskilled workers. In general, the Vietnamese experience of employment generation through export-oriented strategies is comparable to that of the other East Asian economies. However, growth of manufacturing employment in Vietnam has begun to falter from about 2006, owing to macroeconomic policy slippage. The findings in this thesis make a strong case for sound macroeconomic management in order to sustain the favourable labour market outcome of liberalization reforms.
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Ibarra, Marilyn. "Capital and labor mobility in Mexico implications for wages, employment, child labor and manufacturing production /." 2006. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/ibarra%5Fmarilyn%5F200608%5Fphd.
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陳寶惠. "The relationship between wages dispersion and operational performance of small and medium-sized manufacturing businesses in Taipei county." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61092297532328390983.
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Lopez, Gregore Pio. "Malaysia, institutions and the middle-income trap : challenges in human capital development and income inequality in the manufacturing sector." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156073.
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Malaysia's growth performance in recent years has been lacklustre. This research attempts to identify what institutional issues may have contributed to this performance. The research examines the impact of institutional quality on economic performance generally. The study proceeds at two levels: at the cross-country level and at the sectoral level. The research uses econometric and case study analysis to explain the effects of institutions on economic performance and identify the fundamental causes of less satisfactory economic outcomes. Recommendations for institutional reform then follow. At the cross-country level, a stochastic frontier model was used to analyse the relationship between institutions and economic efficiency, to rank the economic efficiency of Malaysia in relation to other countries over time, and to explain what the reasons are for changes in economic performance. Economic efficiency is defined here by measuring numerically a best practice frontier and evaluating the performance of countries included in the study (or other economic units) relative to that best practice frontier. The results suggest that overall, and at the middle income level, institutions related to 'Government Effectiveness' have the strongest impact on economic efficiency. Institutions related to 'Control of Corruption' and 'Rule of Law' are important to economic efficiency at the middle income level while institutions related to the 'Rule of Law' matter the most to economic efficiency at the high income level. Using a case study approach, the thesis investigates the links between human capital development and manufacturing sector output and the determinants of wage inequality in the manufacturing sector. A stochastic frontier model is again used, here to investigate the contribution of the different skills level to manufacturing sector output. The results demonstrate that unskilled labour contributes most significantly manufacturing sector output. Using the 'supply-demand-institutions' framework and implementing it within a modified industry wage equation framework, the determinants of the wage gap at the industry level in the manufacturing sector were identified. Difference in skill levels are found to have the biggest impact on increasing the wage gap in Malaysia's manufacturing sector. The analysis suggests three key reasons for the weak human capital development in Malaysia's manufacturing sector. First, Malaysia's education and training institutions have failed to produce skilled labour in sufficient numbers and quality. Second, skills development through training, retraining and up-skilling in the manufacturing sector has not produced the required human capital with the appropriate skills. Private sector linkages as well as the public-private sector partnerships that are necessary for effective training and development are at much lower and unsatisfactory levels in Malaysia's manufacturing sector compared to the successful East Asian economies. Third, labour policies in the manufacturing sector provide incentives for firms to rely on unskilled or semi-skilled labour rather than use high skilled labour. The unlimited supply of unskilled labour and weak human capital formation in the manufacturing sector (that Malaysian policy and institutional settings allow) in turn leads to increasing wage inequality. The government's response to human capital development and income inequality is primarily race-based, and has failed to resolve these issues. This approach is unlikely to be successful in addressing the middle-income trap. A move away from race-based institutions will be necessary to break through the middle income trap.
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Huang, Tsu-Hsien, and 黃慈嫺. "The Effects of Outsourcing and Foreign Direct Investment on Productivity and Wages-An Empirical Study of Taiwan''s Manufacturing." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41829270952255834427.
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碩士中原大學
國際貿易研究所
91
With the growth of the economic openness in Mainland China, lower wages、plentiful resources and potential large consumer market in local area have become the most favorable inducement to appeal foreigners engaging in investment there. These years, like other foreign countries, many firms in Taiwan start to interact with firms in Mainland China through trade and FDI. Due to the increasing labor costs in Taiwan , we can observe more and more manufacturing firms starting to contract out parts of their production to firms in Mainland China. In the meanwhile, we also can see more and more foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows toward there. Obviously, the trend of increases in outsourcing and FDI outflows toward Mainland China will go on in the future. Thus, the purpose of this study is to propose a model to examine the effects of outsourcing and FDI on productivity and wages. By the fact, outsourcing is mostly concentrated in the manufacturing sector. So we’ll pay our attention to manufacturing industries in Taiwan. This paper follow Egger, Pfaffermayr, and Schnitzer (2001) to reestablish a total factor productivity equation and two wage equations by adding a new variable "FDI", and then, to measure the direct effects of outsourcing and FDI on productivity, how much of the direct effects on productivity is passed through to prices and the direct impacts of outsourcing and FDI on prices by utilizing pooled estimation. The important empirical results obtained from this study are as follows: Outsourcing and FDI participated by Taiwan''s manufacturing industries in Mainland China significantly have negative impacts on productivity and wages. Estimates of the wage regressions suggest that wages of low-skilled workers and high-skilled workers would be improved as a result of outsourcing and FDI, but the effect of outsourcing and FDI on capital rewards is not significant. Furthermore, increasing the degree of export-and-import-openness with respect to Mainland China will have positive influences on productivity and wages. As time goes by, nominal wages will increase spontaneously due to the exogenous neutral technological progress.
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Hagan, James Russell. "Aggregate demand and wage effects on manufacturing employment in Australia 1954-55 to 1984-85." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130855.
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Interest in the relative roles of wages and demand in determining employment can be
traced to Keynes' General Theory. This gave rise to research into the cyclic relationship
between employment and wages, and also into the role of wages and demand variables
as determinants of the demand for labour. This thesis pursues the second line of inquiry
which can be categorised as a comparison of neoclassical and Keynesian explanations
of the demand for labour in which the former stresses the role of wages and the latter
the role of demand variables. There is no consensus in the literature about the relative
imponance of wage and aggregate demand variables in labour demand models.
The Australian manufacturing sector forms the data for this study. The demand
for labour in Australian manufacturing rose from the mid-1950s to 1973-74. During this
time employment in manufacturing behaved in much the same way as it did in the rest
of the economy. From the mid 1970s employment in manufacturing began a sustained
decline while that of the rest of the economy grew.
There are four main features of the thesis. The first is that it analyses the demand
for labour in Australian manufacturing over a long time period (30 years). Second,
alternative specifications of the demand for labour are systematically compared, which
includes testing the importance of appropriately modelling the capital stock and
technical progress. Third, the role of aggregation in identifying an appropriate labour
demand function is investigated. An integrated approach to investigating the relative
importance of wage and demand variables, which includes testing the robustness of the
specifications, forms the fourth feature of the thesis.
The conclusions derived from a systematic study of the Australian
manufacturing sector using a long time series of disaggregated data are that: - if technical progress and investment are jointly modelled as time trends, then
the real wage is a highly significant determinant of labour demand (this result is
very sensitive to the specification chosen);
- the importance of the demand effects in the labour demand function are
sensitive to the level of aggregation chosen: and,
- if the method of modelling MFP and investment is accepted and the level of
aggregation chosen appropriate, then both real wages and aggregate demand
have significant effects on labour demand over the period studied.
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Haripersad, Yajiv. "Labour market flexibility, wages and livelihoods in the clothing value chain : a study of clothing manufacturing and clothing retail workers in Durban's surrounding areas." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9144.
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One of the most significant changes within capitalist nations during the late twentieth century
is the transition of the capitalist mode of production from Fordism to Post-Fordism. Changes
in macro-economic market conditions, production processes and labour processes are part of
the transition. These changes are felt not only at the level of the aggregate economy,
economic sectors, firms and labour markets. They have an impact on the employment
relationship and the way workers make their livelihoods. This dissertation provides empirical
evidence of labour market flexibility in the clothing manufacturing and the clothing retail
sectors and demonstrates that the number of hours worked and wages earned have
implications for the livelihoods of workers. The research was undertaken in a clothing
manufacturer and clothing retailer situated outside of Durban. The clothing manufacturer is
located within an industrial area in Tongaat and the clothing retailer is located within a
regional shopping centre in Westville.Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
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Das, Pulak Kumar. "Pay, Promotion And Pay Satisfaction Of R & D Personnel In Some Indian Manufacturing Organizations." Thesis, 1995. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1868.
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Taborda, Rodrigo. "Structural reforms and industry adjustment : the case of Colombia." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150733.
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Wu, Ching-Yuan, and 吳青原. "The Analysis of Wage Determinants and Wage Inequality in Taiwan’s Manufacturing Sector." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64532589410179534928.
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碩士世新大學
經濟學研究所(含碩專班)
103
Most of early studies on wage inequality are concentrated on human capital investment, while recent research focused not only human capital investment, but also on international trade and production patter transformation to examine how these factors influence wage inequality. In order to understand the determinants of wage inequality, this dissertation is to investigate how human capital investment, technology change, trade liberalization and globalization of manufacturing system affect wage differentials between skilled and unskilled labor in Taiwan’s manufacturing sector. By using data from 2003-2012 Manpower Survey and other secondary official data such as trade, FDI to China and R&D investment, this dissertation applies Mincer’s (1974) wage equation and wage inequality panel-data model to do empirical research and explore determinants of skilled/unskilled labor wage differentials. The empirical results show that in addition to human capital investment, R&D investment and export improve the wage level of skilled labor. On the other hand, import and FDI to China improve the wage level of unskilled labor. The examination of wage inequality panel-data model shows that the increases of import, government investment on public education and labor pro06ductivity tend to narrow wage differentials between skilled and unskilled labor. However, the increase of export will enlarge the wage gap.
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Chun, Lin Mei, and 林美萱. "CHANGES OF WAGE DIFFERENCE:EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN''S MANUFACTURING." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99053225356282880251.
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碩士國立中央大學
產業經濟研究所
87
During the 1980s, the distribution of person income increase dramatically in Taiwan, but the wage of skill labor decreased relativeto those of unskill labor . We shall study the wage difference using the four -digit industies from the Taiwan Manufacturing Census for 1986 and 1991. The results we find that R&D is negatively correlated with the wage difference. Export is positively correlated with the wage difference.FDI(Direct Foreign Investment) is positively correlated with the wage difference.Training expenditure of labor is negatively correlated with the wage difference. Welfare of labor is positively correlated with the wage difference, but it is statistically insignificant.Total workers is positively correlated with the wage difference.
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王薈鈞. "The Analysis of Wage Inequality in Taiwan’s Manufacturing Sector." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g87gwu.
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碩士國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
105
During the past ten years, real wage in Taiwan is declining which critically endanger the stability of sociality and the development of economics. The main purpose of this study is to discover the phenomenon of wage inequality and explain it in the aspect of international business. This study divides labor force into two categories: professional and unprofessional and considers them as different factors. After that, this study uses a quantitative method to test if relative factor price equality exists in Taiwan’s manufacturing sector. Besides, based on specific factor model, this study also analyses the change of export competitiveness in Taiwan’s manufacturing sector in order to find out the relationship between export competitiveness and relative factor price equality. The result shows wage inequality doesn’t exist in Taiwan’s Manufacturing Sector. The consequence shows the difference of relative factor price between industries is not due to the difference in productivity but to other industry characteristics. Also, export competitiveness significantly affects the level of wage inequality. The result is consistent with the finding of specific factor model.