Academic literature on the topic 'Manufacturing wages'

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Journal articles on the topic "Manufacturing wages"

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CHIDAMBARAN IYER, G. "WAGE SPILLOVERS IN INDIAN MANUFACTURING." Singapore Economic Review 57, no. 01 (March 2012): 1250006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590812500063.

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The presence of foreign firms might lead to movement of skilled labor from domestic firms. To prevent such movement, domestic firms could increase their wages. Also, productivity spillovers from foreign firms may increase the productivity of domestic firms and possibly the wages given in domestic firms. In this paper, we try to answer whether the wages offered by domestic firms to their labor is affected by the presence of foreign firms. We carry out our analysis for an unbalanced firm-level panel dataset for 6 two-digit industries in Indian manufacturing. We find some evidence for positive wage spillover in three industries.
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Samimi, Ahmad Jafari. "Efficiency Wage Hypothesis: The Case Study of Iran's Manufacturing Industries." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 1, no. 5 (June 15, 2011): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v1i5.640.

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The purpose of this paper is to test the efficiency wage hypothesis for Iran's manufacturing industries at the 4-digit aggregation level of ISIC classification, during 2001-2006. According to the efficiency wage hypothesis, it is logical for some firms to pay wages that are above the market wage. In some cases the mere fact that workers are paid more can make them more productive. In other words, efficiency wages would increase productivity and there is positive relationship between wages and productivity. In this paper, panel data technique has employed to examine the mentioned hypothesis. However, the obtained results contradict the efficiency wage hypothesis for Iran's manufacturing industries. In other words, according to this result, higher wages lead to less efficient performance by the workers of Iran's manufacturing industries.
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Gaston, Noel, and Daniel Trefler. "Protection, Trade, and Wages: Evidence from U.S. Manufacturing." ILR Review 47, no. 4 (July 1994): 574–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399404700404.

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This paper investigates the effects of international trade policy on wages in U.S. manufacturing industries in 1983. The data set combines micro labor market data with comprehensive data on tariffs and nontariff trade barriers such as quotas and antidumping duties. The authors find that workers in unprotected, export-oriented industries had higher wages than workers with similar observable characteristics in protected, import-competing industries; more specifically, exports had a positive wage effect and imports had a smaller negative wage effect. Other findings are that nontariff barriers had no significant effect on wages, and tariffs appear to have had a large negative wage effect, even after the authors control for the trade protection received by low-wage industries.
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A. Burki, Abid. "Efficiency Wages in Pakistan's Small Scale Manufacturing." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.1999.v4.i1.a1.

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This paper investigates wage differentials between workers in subcontracting and non-subcontracting firms, using data from a recent survey of small manufacturing firms in Gujranwala, Pakistan. The paper finds that subcontracting workers receive a high wage premium and invokes efficiency wage arguments to explain this differential. The paper argues that due to a client/vendor monitoring problem it is optimal for subcontracting firms to pay higher than the market clearing wages. The use of Heckman's two stage procedure to test for sample selection bias fails to give such evidence. A decomposition of the wage differentials indicates that endowment differentials partly explain higher wages for subcontracting workers while the bulk of this wage gap is explained by differential returns to workers' attributes.
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CHUA, SIN-CHET, YUN-WEN LIM, TENG-TENG TER, and SOON-BENG CHEW. "EFFICIENCY WAGE THEORY: EVIDENCE FOR SINGAPORE MANUFACTURING SECTOR." Singapore Economic Review 59, no. 03 (June 2014): 1450021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590814500210.

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This paper attempts to test whether there is econometric evidence in support of the efficiency wage theory in Singapore's manufacturing sector. Two of the possible ways to account for efficiency wages are to show that higher wages have resulted in reduced shirking by workers, and to show that higher wages have resulted in an increase in worker productivity. We find evidence in support of efficiency wages for three out of 18 industries within the manufacturing sector in Singapore based on both ordinary least square (OLS) and 2SLS regression results, and for another two industries based only on OLS and yet another two industries based only on 2SLS.
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Nisa, Qamer un, Jabbar Ul Haq, and Nazia Nazeer. "FDI and Wage Nexus: Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review VII, no. II (June 30, 2022): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(vii-ii).13.

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Foreign capital inflows resulted in overall economic growth in many countries, but there are many concerns about its distributive effects,especially on fluctuating wages, which are still being investigated. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic industry wages using micro-level data from Pakistan from 1996-97 to 2007-08. Foreign firms are expected to pay higher wages than that domestic firms in order to attract more labor; thus, if foreign and domestic firms compete in the same labor market, domestic firms would pay higher wages to recruit jobs, resulting in rising average domestic industry wages. The empirical analysis also shows that in Pakistan, FDI inflows raise industry wage premiums.The findings of the study are robust by the inclusion of various globalization and sector-related variables. To reap higher wages, Pakistan's government should promote FDI at the industry level.
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Petrovskaya, N. E. "Wages in the U.S. Manufacturing industry." Upravlenie 7, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-2-95-103.

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Based on data from official American statistics, the issue of wages in the United States of America manufacturing industry has been considered. This study is an important area of study of modern social and economic problems of the United States. Manufacturing plays an important role in the economy of the US, because it creates a material basis for all other industries. The trends and problems in this area have been revealed in the article. For a comprehensive analysis a systematic approach, economic-statistical and logical research methods have been used in the paper. A comprehensive study of wages in the most important sectors of the national economy has been carried out, based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the US Department of Labor. Separate attention has been paid to the category of “production workers”, whose share is about 70%. The statistical data on the average annual wage of production workers by industry according to the NAICS have been adduced. The significance of the manufacturing industry in creating, maintaining and returning jobs for the US economy has been shown.The difference in wages depending on the level of education, work experience and profession has been analyzed. The data on the highest paid industrial professions have been adduced. The uneven distribution of the manufacturing industry by states has been shown. It has been noted, that the reduction in the coverage of the trade union movement of American workers is another factor, affecting the level of wages. The correlation between production volume and Gini Coefficient in the USA in the period from 1947 to 2014 has been presented in the article. It has been noticed, that the growth of inequality in the US income and the decline of the manufacturing industry are interrelated.
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Villanueva, Luis. "Are manufacturing workers benefiting from trade? The case of Mexico’s manufacturing sector." International Journal of Development Issues 16, no. 1 (April 4, 2017): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-08-2016-0048.

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Purpose This paper aims to focus on the distributive implications of trade by studying how manufacturing workers’ relative earnings and employment have changed in post–North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Mexico (1995-2011). Design/methodology/approach Input–Output analysis and inequality analysis were combined to reveal the empirical relationship between trade, wage inequality and employment in the manufacturing sector in post-NAFTA Mexico. Findings The results reveal that the manufacturing sectors that produce for the export market tend to pay among the lowest wages and yet employ around half of the manufacturing working population; wages in labor-intensive sectors have not been increasing, while wage inequality has been rising; and employment creation due to trade is not always positive and sustained, hence does not seem to be a stable source of jobs. The paper concludes by discussing policy implications of the findings. Originality/value The main focus of the existing literature has been to explain the disconnection between trade and growth. This paper shifts the focus towards the distributive dimension of trade (rather than growth) by focusing on how manufacturing workers' relative earnings and employment have changed in post-NAFTA Mexico (1995-2011). Hence it attempts to contribute to the existing literature on the distributive implications of trade.
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López V, Antonia, and Julio López Gallardo. "Manufacturing real wages in Mexico." Revista de Economia Política 26, no. 3 (September 2006): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31572006000300008.

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Pencavel, John. "Real Wage Index Numbers." American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.565.

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Real wage index numbers have been used to measure movements in the standard of living of the typical worker. This paper describes some of these indicators for the United States and England. A new real wage index is proposed that resembles the sliding scale used to adjust wages in certain industries years ago. This new index is applied to US manufacturing industry and it implies a fall in real wages by about 40 percent since 1960. Workers' distributional position in US manufacturing has deteriorated considerably.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Manufacturing wages"

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Arbache, Jorge Saba. "The structure and dispersion of wages in Brazilian manufacturing." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267370.

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Rydbert, Erik. "Labor Dynamics in Chinese Manufacturing." Thesis, KTH, Industriell dynamik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33740.

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During the process of globalization, China has gained a position as an extremely important player on the world economic stage. The country has become particularly famous as a hub for the global manufacturing industry, with a large quantity of cheap labor that produces low-cost products. However, there is now growing concern that the labor costs for China’s manufacturing workforce are growing rampantly. This could have obvious detrimental effects for Chinese exports, and foreshadow major restructuring of China’s economy, with important consequences for the rest of the world. With this background, the research aims to answer the questions of whether wages are indeed growing as quickly as reported, and what factors could explain such growth. The paper pays special attention to the so-called Lewis model, as many analysts claim that it explains the great increase in compensation levels for Chinese manufacturing workers. The Lewis model is explained and its applicability to China is discussed. The study also examines other possible explanatory factors to establish the causes of the increasing labor costs. The research aims to triangulate a diversity of sources, including quantitative data supplied by major national and international agencies, qualitative data in the form of media reports, and two company case studies conducted by the author. The paper concludes that manufacturing wages have indeed risen sharply in recent years, and are likely to continue to do so. However, it is found that the labor costs for unskilled workers is not as important of a factor for manufacturing companies in China as is commonly believed. For export companies specifically, it is found that Chinese currency appreciation is a much greater economic threat. In regard to the Lewis model, no conclusive evidence is found that it is a sufficient or even very good explanation of the rising manufacturing wages. Instead, it is found that a high level of inflation, especially in some parts of China, can explain a large part of the publicized increase in labor costs.
I globaliseringens tidevarv har Kina blivit känt som en nyckelspelare i världsekonomin. Landet har blivit speciellt välkänt som ett centrum för verkstadsindustrin, med stora mängder billig arbetskraft som kan tillverka produkter till låga priser. Nu finns det dock en växande oro för kraftigt stigande löner i Kina. Detta skulle ha uppenbara effekter för kinesisk export, och kan driva en omfattande omstrukturering inom den kinesiska ekonomin, med långtgående konsekvenser för resten av världen. Mot denna bakgrund vill den här uppsatsen undersöka huruvida lönerna verkligen stiger så fort som vissa påstår, och vilka faktorer som skulle kunna förklara en sådan tillväxt. Speciell uppmärksamhet fästs vid den så kallade Lewismodellen, eftersom ett antal källor hävdar att den förklarar den stora ökningen i kompensationsnivåer för kinesiska industriarbetare. Lewismodellen förklaras och dess applicerbarhet vis-a-vis Kina diskuteras. Uppsatsen undersöker också andra möjliga förklaringar bakom de stigande lönekostnaderna. Forskningen baseras på triangulering av diverse olika källor, inklusive kvantitativa data från stora nationella och internationella organisationer, kvalitativa data från media, och två fallstudier utförda av författaren. Forskningen bekräftar att industrilönerna verkligen har stigit kraftfullt på senare år, och att de mycket väl kan fortsätta växa framöver. Dock ifrågasätts det grundläggande antagandet att lönekostnaderna för otränad arbetskraft är så pass viktiga som många tror. Speciellt för exportsektorn visar det sig att stärkning av den kinesiska valutan är ett mycket större hot. Vad gäller Lewismodellen hittades inga starka bevis för att den är en särskilt bra förklaringsmodell för de stigande lönerna. Istället visar undersökningen att hög inflation, speciellt i vissa delar av Kina, kan förklara en stor del av de ökande lönekostnaderna.
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Munshi, Farzana. "Essays on globalization and occupational wages." Göteborg : Dep. of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg Univ, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/56139718X.pdf.

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Univ., Diss.--Göteborg, 2008.
Enth. 4 Beitr. Zsfassung in engl. Sprache. Trade liberalization and wage inequality--empirical evidence from Bangladesh / by Dick Durevall and Farzana Munshi -- Does openness reduce wage inequality in developing countries? Panel data evidence from Bangladesh / by Farzana Munshi -- Globalization and inter-occupational inequality in a panel of countries, 1983-2003 / by Farzana Munshi -- Offshoring and occupational wages--some empirical evidence / by Arne Bigsten, Dick Durevall, and Farzana Munshi.
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Kangasniemi, Mari H. "Essays on job tenure, wages, worker mobility and occupation in Finnish manufacturing : do institutions matter?" Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268874.

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Campbell, Robert Wilfred. "Wages and labour productivity in Canada : across the provinces and over the ruralurban divide." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29418.

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Regional economic disparities are a widely noted characteristic of the Canadian economy. This thesis examines regional disparities in terms of wages and labour productivity in the manufacturing sector. Regional disparities are analysed along three dimensions: provinces, rural/urban areas and industrial structure. Various competing theories are discussed and compared to the findings. Shift-share based decomposition analyses the magnitude and pattern of disparity and controls for industrial structure. Weighted regression is used to combine provincial and rural/urban effects. The findings support theories that emphasize provinces as units of analysis. The rural/urban results gave qualified support to urban theory. Accounting for industrial structure impacted both the rural/urban and provincial results. The regression analysis found the rural/urban dimension was significant; however, industrial structure and provincial effects were more significant. These results suggest industrial location and provincial economic policies can influence regional economic disparities in Canada.
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Jhaveri, Yaseen N. "The impact of trade liberalisation on wages in the South African manufacturing sector between 2000 and 2007." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8964.

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This study investigates the impact of trade liberalization on wages in the manufacturing sector in South Africa between 2000 and 2007. The Stolper - Samuelson theorem predicts that trade liberalisation decreases the relative return of workers employed most intensively in the liberalising industries. We estimate the relationship between trade liberalisation and wages using expanded Mincerian wage regressions that contain measures of protection. In addition, we go beyond the Heckscher - Ohlin - Samuelson framework and investigate whether or not the impact of union bargaining power on wages in a given industry is conditional upon the level of protection. The analysis is conducted using LFS household survey data in combination with average industry tariffs and effective rates of protection. Our findings suggest that trade liberalisation has resulted in a decrease in wages. In addition, we find that the impact of trade liberalisation on wages is dependent on the level of education of a worker. Our findings suggest that relatively unskilled individuals have suffered more from trade liberalisation than those who are relatively skilled. Finally, we find that the impact of union bargaining power on wages in a given industry, is dependent upon the level of protection.
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Kosteas, Billy D. "The impact of foreign direct investment and trade policy on productivity, wages and technology adoption in Mexican manufacturing plants." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/21104.

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Driffield, Nigel L. "Wages and labour productivity in the foreign owned sector of the UK : a comparison with domestically owned firms and implications for UK manufacturing." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317633.

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Bryan, Jane. "Small manufacturing firms and regional development in Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436657.

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Roberts, Annette. "The economic impact of foreign manufacturing investment in Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301170.

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Books on the topic "Manufacturing wages"

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Acevedo, Gladys Lopez. Wages and Productivity in Mexican Manufacturing. Washington, D.C: Economic Policy Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, World Bank, 2003.

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Huff, Ann Marie. Selected occupational wages in manufacturing industries. [Boston]: Massachusetts Division of Employment Security, Economic Research & Analysis Service, Occupational Wage Unit, 1986.

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Zlatkovich, Charles P. Regional contrasts in manufacturing productivity. Austin, Tex: Bureau of Business Research, Graduate School of Business, University of Texas at Austin, 1988.

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Zilioniene, Vilija. Die marktwirtschaftliche Ausrichtung des Entgeltsystems litauischer Betriebe aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht. Köln: Hundt, 1993.

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Jain, Hansa. Wages and wage disparity in organized manufacturing industries: An analysis of post reforms era. Ahmedabad: Sardar Patel Institute of Economic & Social Research, 2013.

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Lipsey, Robert E. Foreign direct investment and wages in Indonesian manufacturing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Munch, Jakob Roland. Specialization, outsourcing and wages. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2005.

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Davis, Steven J. Employer size and the wage structure in U.S. manufacturing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Dolado, Juan. Who are the insiders?: Wage setting in Spanish manufacturing firms. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1993.

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Azam, Jean-Paul. Rent-sharing, hold up, and manufacturing sector wages in Côte d'Ivoire. Washington, DC: World Bank, Development Research Group, Public Service Delivery, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Manufacturing wages"

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Tadjoeddin, Mohammad Zulfan, and Anis Chowdhury. "Wages, Employment, Productivity in the Manufacturing Sector." In Employment and Re-Industrialisation in Post Soeharto Indonesia, 103–21. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50566-8_4.

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Geishecker, Ingo. "Outsourcing and the Demand for Low-skilled Labour: Exemplary Evidence from German Manufacturing Industries." In Minimum Wages, Low Pay and Unemployment, 176–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524071_6.

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Haltiwanger, John. "Wages, Productivity, and Technology: What Have We Learned from Micro Evidence for U.S. Manufacturing?" In Technology, Growth, and the Labor Market, 171–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0325-5_9.

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Cai, Xinyu, Rui Zhang, and Yijiang Wang. "Effect of Changes in China’s Manufacturing Wages OLS Algorithm Based on the Amount of Import and Export." In Atlantis Highlights in Intelligent Systems, 638–46. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-010-7_65.

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Adhvaryu, Achyuta, Smit Gade, Piyush Gandhi, Lavanya Garg, Mansi Kabra, Ankita Nanda, Anant Nyshadham, Arvind Patil, and Mamta Pimoli. "Amplifying Worker Voice with Technology and Organizational Incentives." In Introduction to Development Engineering, 323–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86065-3_13.

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AbstractEconomic development can be driven by large, high-performing firms that provide safe, dignified jobs with living wages. The garment manufacturing industry is a large, economically important sector concentrated in low- and middle-income countries; however, it has been characterized by persistent neglect of workers’ concerns and working conditions. This case study explores whether digital communication platforms, combined with improvements in management, can empower garment factory workers to voice their concerns and have their grievances addressed. We describe a series of randomized experiments testing the effectiveness of different grievance reporting solutions, finding that access to an anonymous complaint service improves worker satisfaction and reduces absenteeism. However, these simple solutions do not adequately address issues around management trust, accountability, and quality. An ongoing experiment explores whether grievance reporting technology, combined with team-based performance incentives for management, can further improve outcomes for workers.
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Paterson, D. "Making waves." In The Changing Face of Manufacturing, 307–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95491-7_31.

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Jagadeesh, G. "Application of shock waves in pencil manufacturing industry." In Shock Waves, 847–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85181-3_8.

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FitzRoy, Felix R., and Robert A. Hart. "Wage Component Behaviour in Japanese Manufacturing Industries." In Economics of Wage Determination, 71–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84134-7_5.

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Wolfstetter, Elmar. "Wage Component Behaviour in Japanese Manufacturing Industries." In Economics of Wage Determination, 85–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84134-7_6.

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Rosencwaig, Allan. "Process Control in IC Manufacturing with Thermal Waves." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 2031–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5772-8_261.

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Conference papers on the topic "Manufacturing wages"

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Oransay, Gürçem. "An Examination of the Relationship between Exports and Wages for Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00746.

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In this study the together with increasing foregin trade after trade liberalization, affects of changing income distribution on wages has been discussed. Assuming wages as an issue of income distribution, it continues with foregin trade theories which are related to foreign trade and affect of export on wages in particular. The developments such as effective markets after trade liberalization, high efficiency and removal of barriers in front of international trade increase cost competitiveness and wage levels change. It is still discussed whether foreign trade has positive or negative affects on wages but it can be claimed that differences of opinion vary depending on economical structures and trade volumes of countries. Using a model which has been supplied from both theoretical and practical literature, this research will try to find out affects of export and openness on wages using unit root test, cointegration techniques and error correction mechanism on Turkish economy during the period of 1988:Q1-2010:Q4. Affects of both export and openness on wages has been studied seperately for sub sectors of Turkish Manufacturing Industry. Although there is not a full compliance in all sectors which are studied in all models within periods examined, it has been found out that export and openness create a negative affect on wages.
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Pittiglio, Rosanna, Filippo Reganati, and Edgardo Sica. "Do Multinational Enterprises Push Up Wages Of Domestic Firms in the Italian Manufacturing Sector?" In The 7th International Scientific Conference "Business and Management 2012". Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Publishing House Technika, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2012.059.

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Agarwal, Ramesh, Ping Wang, and Lee Chusak. "Integrative Analysis of Non-Renewable and Renewable Energy Sources for Electricity Generation in U.S.: Demand and Supply Factors, Environmental Risks and Policy Evaluation." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90365.

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An equilibrium economic model for policy evaluation related to electricity generation has been developed; the model takes into account the non-renewable and renewable energy sources, demand and supply factors and environmental constraints. The non-renewable energy sources include three types of fossil fuels: coal, natural gas and petroleum, and renewable energy sources include nuclear, hydraulic, wind, solar photovoltaic, biomass wood, biomass waste and geothermal. Energy demand sectors include households, industrial manufacturing and commercial enterprises (non-manufacturing businesses such as software firms, banks, restaurants, service organizations, universities, etc.). Energy supply takes into account the electricity delivered to the consumer by the utility companies at a certain price which maybe different for retail and wholesale customers. Environmental risks primarily take into account the CO2 generation from fossil fuels. The model takes into account the employment in various sectors and labor supply and demand. Detailed electricity supply and demand data, electricity cost data, employment data in various sectors and CO2 generation data are collected for a period of seventeen years from 1990 to 2006 in U.S. The model is calibrated for the aggregate data. The calibrated model is then employed for policy analysis experiments if a switch is made in sources of electricity generation, namely from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. As an example, we consider a switch of 10% of electricity generation from coal to 5% from wind, 3% from solar photovoltaic, 1% from biomass wood and 1% from biomass waste. It should be noted that the cost of electricity generation from different sources is different and is taken into account. The consequences of this switch on supply and demand, employment, wages, and emissions are obtained from the economic model under three scenarios: (1) energy prices are fully regulated, (2) energy prices are fully adjusted with electricity supply fixed, and (3) energy prices and electricity supply both are fully adjusted.
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Pchelnikov, Yuri N., and Andrey A. Yelizarov. "Technological sensors on slow electromagnetic waves." In Microelectronic Manufacturing, edited by Anthony J. Toprac and Kim Dang. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.324350.

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Abbott, Derek, and Andrew Parfitt. "Extension of the insect-vision paradigm to millimeter waves." In Intelligent Systems & Advanced Manufacturing, edited by Marten J. de Vries, Pushkin Kachroo, Kaan Ozbay, and Alan C. Chachich. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.300845.

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Mal, Ajit K., Zensheu Chang, Dawei Guo, and Michael Gorman. "Lap-joint inspection using plate waves." In Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques for Aging Infrastructure and Manufacturing, edited by Raymond D. Rempt and Alfred L. Broz. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.259085.

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Tamayo-Dominguez, Adrian, Xiaoliang Sun, and Jose-Manuel Fernandez-Gonzalez. "New Manufacturing Technologies For 5G Millimeter Wave Antennas." In 2018 11th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gsmm.2018.8439710.

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Mounaix, Patrick, Jean Baptiste Perraud, Anne Françoise Obaton, Joyce Bou Sleiman, Benoit Recur, Hugo Balacey, Frederic Darracq, and Jean Paul Guillet. "Tomography and image processing for polymer additive manufacturing objects." In International Symposium on Ultrafast Phenomena and Terahertz Waves. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/isuptw.2016.it5b.1.

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Schroeder, F. D., and Horst-Artur Crostack. "Real-time holography of ultrasonic surface waves." In Lasers, Optics, and Vision for Productivity in Manufacturing I, edited by Christophe Gorecki. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.250755.

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Anderson, James P., John L. Doane, Alex Haid, and Neil Alexander. "Additive manufacturing techniques for millimeter-wave components." In 2016 41st International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2016.7758669.

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Reports on the topic "Manufacturing wages"

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Lipsey, Robert, and Fredrik Sjoholm. Foreign Direct Investment and Wages in Indonesian Manufacturing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8299.

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Lipsey, Robert, and Fredrik Sjoholm. Foreign Firms and Indonesian Manufacturing Wages: An Analysis With Panel Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9417.

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Fontanari, Claudia, and Antonella Palumbo. Permanent Scars: The Effects of Wages on Productivity. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp187.

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This paper explores how stagnating real wages may have contributed to the slowdown of US productivity. Through shift-share analysis, we find that after a sharp change in distribution against wages, some historically high-productivity sectors (like manufacturing) switched towards slower productivity growth. This supports our hypothesis that the anemic growth of productivity may be partly due to the trend toward massive use of cheap labor. Our estimation of Sylos Labini’s productivity equation confirms the existence of two direct effects of wages, one acting through the incentive to mechanization and the other through the incentive to reorganize labor use. We also show that labor ‘weakness’ may exert a further negative effect on labor productivity. On the whole, we find that a persistent regime of low wages may determine very negative long-term consequences on the economy.
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Pierola, Martha Denisse, and Dennis Sánchez-Navarro. Import Competition in the Manufacturing Sector in Peru: Its Impact on Informality and Wages. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002078.

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Gordon, Robert. Productivity, Wages, and Prices Inside and Outside of Manufacturing in the U.S., Japan, and Europe. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2070.

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Park, Cyn-Young, Peter A. Petri, and Michael G. Plummer. Economic Implications of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership for Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210371-2.

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The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) presents strong potential to mold regional trade and investment patterns well into the future and to influence the direction of global economic cooperation at a challenging time. This paper evaluates the RCEP’s impact on global and regional incomes, trade, economic structure, factor returns, and employment using a computable general equilibrium model. The results suggest that the RCEP agreement could generate sizable global income gains. Together with the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement on Trans-Pacific Partnership, the RCEP will also strengthen the region’s manufacturing supply chains, raising productivity and increasing wages and employment.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Davis, Steven, and John Haltiwanger. Employer Size and The Wage Structure in U.S. Manufacturing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5393.

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Atack, Jeremy, Fred Bateman, and Robert Margo. Rising Wage Dispersion Across American Manufacturing Establishments, 1850-1880. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7932.

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Davis, Steve, and John Haltiwanger. Wage Dispersion Between and Within U.S. Manufacturing Plants, 1963-1986. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3722.

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