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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Manufacturing subcontracting

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Academic literature on the topic 'Manufacturing subcontracting'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Manufacturing subcontracting"

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A. Burki, Abid. "Efficiency Wages in Pakistan's Small Scale Manufacturing." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.1999.v4.i1.a1.

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This paper investigates wage differentials between workers in subcontracting and non-subcontracting firms, using data from a recent survey of small manufacturing firms in Gujranwala, Pakistan. The paper finds that subcontracting workers receive a high wage premium and invokes efficiency wage arguments to explain this differential. The paper argues that due to a client/vendor monitoring problem it is optimal for subcontracting firms to pay higher than the market clearing wages. The use of Heckman's two stage procedure to test for sample selection bias fails to give such evidence. A decomposition of the wage differentials indicates that endowment differentials partly explain higher wages for subcontracting workers while the bulk of this wage gap is explained by differential returns to workers' attributes.

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Fevre, Ralph. "Subcontracting in Steel." Work, Employment and Society 1, no. 4 (December 1987): 509–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017087001004006.

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Research on the UK construction industry has identified growth in the use of subcontractors as one explanation for the increased number of small firms (and self-employed workers) in that industry. Other research suggests that there has been growth in the use of contractors in manufacturing industry: has the construction industry pattern been replicated in any manufacturing industry? Data from the steel industry suggests that it has: in steel the increased use of subcontractors has accompanied the increased use of contractors. At BSC Port Talbot, for example, an informal cartel of established, local contractors has been replaced by large national contractors who make use of `cowboy' subcontractors. These subcontractors are economically dependent on the larger firms but legally distinct. The fact that steel turns out to be so similar to the construction industry raises doubts about the `special' circumstances which were thought to have led to the growth of subcontracting in construction.

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Sahu, Partha Pratim. "Subcontracting in India’s Unorganised Manufacturing Sector." Journal of South Asian Development 5, no. 1 (April 2010): 53–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097317411000500103.

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Subrahmanya, M. H. Bala. "Manufacturing SMEs in Japan: more subcontracting intensive versus less subcontracting intensive industries." International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development 5, no. 5 (2008): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmed.2008.019083.

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Riello, Giorgio. "Boundless Competition: Subcontracting and the London Economy in the Late Nineteenth Century." Enterprise & Society 13, no. 3 (September 2012): 504–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700010855.

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Why did subcontracting remain, well until the end of the nineteenth century, a viable way to organize metropolitan manufacturing? This article addresses historically and theoretically the reasons for the permanence of subcontracting as a viable alternative to centralized forms of production in London. It also questions the literature that equates the decline of subcontracting with the rise of sweating and argues for a reinterpretation of traditional explanations that saw the “sweater” as a central figure in the “degeneration” of the metropolitan productive system. The article concludes by proposing a reinterpretation of the “decline of subcontracting” and argues that the logic of flexibility of subcontracting was challenged by the increasing power of London wholesalers and retailers and the demands offin-de-sièclemass consumption.

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Chen, Zhi-Long, and Chung-Lun Li. "Scheduling with subcontracting options." IIE Transactions 40, no. 12 (October 17, 2008): 1171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07408170801975057.

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Inhaddou, Abdelkrim, and Peter Markovič. "Corporate relations and strategic subcontracting." SHS Web of Conferences 83 (2020): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208301026.

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Technological progress, such as that associated with robotics and computer-aided manufacturing, is increasingly delivering machines that operate at lower variable costs, but often with a different optimum degree of utilization. If we restrict our analysis to companies that use two different types of machines to manufacture a product, a change in the optimal degree of utilization of machines of one type resulting from technological developments may make it necessary to adapt the entire manufacturing process in order to fully exploit the cost advantage. If the cost advantages cannot be fully achieved by reconciling internal company structures, this may be achieved by adjusting inter-company structures. Such an adjustment can take various forms, depending on whether the enterprise in question offers unneeded capacity to other enterprises or complements insufficient internal production resources with available capacity from another enterprise. The aim of the article is to analyse important trends in the context of subcontracting. In order to keep the subject of the study easily comprehensible, the important empirical methods are used, which can discover new insights in the scientific sources. The resulting generalization is intended to show when the question of possible outsourcing should be placed on the negotiating table.

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LOPEZ, Robert, Heap-Yih CHONG, Sungkon MOON, and Xiangyu WANG. "CASE STUDY ON SUBCONTRACTING ARRANGEMENTS IN THE SCAFFOLDING SUPPLY CHAIN OF A LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 23, no. 8 (November 20, 2017): 1136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1388277.

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The objective of the study presented in this paper is to determine the characteristics of the scaffolding supply chain in a liquefied natural gas (LNG) infrastructure project. This research is significant as the outsourcing of scaffolding is integral to its use and productivity toward LNG infrastructure project completion. As such, this paper presents the research undertaken on the subcontracting of scaffold manufacturing, supplying and delivering. It focuses upon the organisations, management and control in scaffolding subcontracting. A comparative analysis of three organisations was carried out to reveal issues with current practice in manufacturing, supplying and delivering scaffold products for assembly onsite. Their management and control approaches are also compared and contrasted. It is found that, while the divided contract approach may help save costs, enhance market exposure and is ideal when choice of subcontractor is limited, its risks can impact upon the entire project and be difficult for the contractor to control. The limited background in scaffolding studies and importance of subcontracting within LNG infrastructure projects has made this research timely. This paper identifies issues in relation to quality assurance, warranties and rework, which have the potential to mitigate any cost benefits obtained from subcontracting practices within this supply chain.

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Hajej, Zied, Nidhal Rezg, and Salim Bouslikhane. "A Joint Production and Maintenance Optimization of Closed-Loop Production System under Carbon Emission with a Switching Subcontractor Consideration." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061105.

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This study outlines a new forecasting problem of closed-loop production system under environmental aspect by proposing a new solution based on subcontracting. By studying the impact of the carbon tax on decision-making of production optimization, we propose an original economic production and maintenance strategies to minimize the total cost. Additionally, to reduce the total quantity of carbon and its tax, the subcontractor has a role to help either manufacturing or remanufacturing unit during the process of production. Indeed, the principle objectives are to determine the economic production plans for manufacturing, remanufacturing and subcontracting units as well as the optimal maintenance planning characterized by the optimal number of preventive maintenance actions for manufacturing unit, minimizing the total cost of production, inventory, carbon penalty and maintenance.

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Holl, Adelheid, Rafael Pardo, and Ruth Rama. "Just-in-Time Manufacturing Systems, Subcontracting and Geographic Proximity." Regional Studies 44, no. 5 (May 6, 2009): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343400902821626.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Manufacturing subcontracting"

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Exterkate, Denise Malvina Julia. "Subcontracting relationships in the manufacturing industry : the Dutch case." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336409.

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Nishiguchi, Toshihiro. "Strategic dualism : an alternative to industrial societies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303658.

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Wong, Yiu-chung, and 黃耀宗. "Outward processing in China and its implications to the economy of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893260.

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Rawlinson, Micheal Barry. "Subcontracting relationships between small engineering firms and large motor vehicle firms in the Coventry area." Thesis, Coventry University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254270.

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Lehtinen, U. (Ulla). "Changing subcontracting:a study on the evolution of supply chains and subcontractors." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514265459.

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Abstract Manufacturing companies have reorganised their value chains and outsourced their non-core activities at an increasing rate during the last two decades. The importance of subcontractors has grown both from the economic and production point of view. The new manufacturing paradigm that emphases outsourcing, co-operation, networking and agility is much discussed on the general level, but very little empirical research has been done on these issues. The main aim of the study is to increase the understanding of the evolution process of subcontracting chains and explain the managerial aspects connected with the subcontractors' evolution. In the theoretical part I of the study, the concepts of subcontracting are clarified. The forms to classify subcontractors are discussed as the structure and development of subcontracting systems. The lean supply philosophy and manufacturing strategy concept are presented as a basis for the study. The manufacturing strategy framework for subcontractors is presented. The empirical findings of this study are based on longitudinal case studies covering the time period from the early 1980's to the late 1990's. Three cases from the metal and electronics industry including an OEM and a few subcontractors are presented. The studies focuses on the factors affecting the evolution of subcontracting, especially the impacts of subcontractors' manufacturing strategy on supply chain decisions. The implications of the case studies allow a number of conclusions to be drawn. The main differences from the lean supply theory was in supplier development and supply chain management practices The production volume, product structure and supplier base were the most important points affecting the subcontracting chain structure. The process of assigning manufacturing to subcontractors happened gradually and included critical points, which should be evaluated. The evolution process of subcontractors from a part supplier towards a system supplier is discussed. The competitiveness of the subcontractors evolves gradually starting from quality and adding other capabilities. In order to develop the subcontracting chain the stage of evolution of subcontractors should be recognised. A conceptual model for four different stages, part, component, specialist and system supplier, was also created in this study.

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Boestel, Johanna Urte. "The interrelationships between the financial sector and small firms : manufacturing subcontracting networks in Taiwan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322036.

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Hellman, Rasmus, Gustav Lindholm, and Malcolm Scott. "Barriers to business model innovation : An exploratorive multiple case study of subcontracting manufacturing SMEs in Jönköping County." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39752.

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Background – In today´s globalized environment, a stronger emphasis on moving production to low-cost environments is present. Assembling a complex product usually involves multiple smaller manufacturing firms across the globe. As a result, smaller specialized firms have an important role in the market but are also strongly dependent on the demand for the final product. Hence, their business model can be dependent on a specific patch which inhibit innovation and evidently leaving them vulnerable to changes in the environment. One main challenge for companies´ business model is the question of continuous flexibility and adaption to an ever changing business context. Purpose - The purpose of this thesis is to explore dynamic capabilities as a source of business model innovation in manufacturing subcontractor SMEs in Jönköping County. The studies aim is to explore how these firms develop dynamic capabilities in order to identify and then overcome barriers for business model innovation. Method – Primary data was collected through a multiple case study of three manufacturing companies in Jönköping County. The data was later coded and findings cross-case compared with a lens of dynamic capability view in order to find similarities and dissimilarities. Conclusion- The findings from the three case companies indicates that dynamic capabilities are interdependent to each other, meaning all need to be taken into consideration for continuously successful business model innovation. Disregarding the development of one business model component can restrain others, thereby resulting in inadequate innovations. A sensing capability was identified however yet the abilities to seize and reconfigure opportunities taking the whole BM into consideration were not present for all of the three case companies. By lack of a coherent development of the BM, barriers become present and a sustained competitive advantage is unreachable. All three cases agreed upon the human resource management to be the major challenge for their organization to sustain a healthy growth.

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Ramakrishna, Prabha. "The role of duplicating and subcontracting processes in the design of cellular manufacturing systems." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35761.

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Cellular Manufacturing Systems (CMS) have provided significant increase in manufacturing productivity over the last two decades. This has been achieved because CMS can overcome the problems due to frequent setups, high in-process inventories, long throughput times and complex planning and coordination commonly associated with a batch-type manufacturing operation. The underlying concept of CMS is the grouping of parts into part families and the machines that process these parts into machine cells in order to achieve manufacturing efficiencies. Creating machine cells which can perform all operations of a part without requiring the part to visit one or more cells other than its own is hard to achieve, if not impossible. Hence, in the design of CMS, one tries to minimize the material handling costs incurred due to the movements of parts to other cells. Duplication of "bottleneck" machines that process parts assigned to other cells into the appropriate cells and subcontracting of "bottleneck" parts that require one or more operation on machines assigned to another cell are two important methods utilized to form disaggregated manufacturing cells in order to minimize the material handling costs. A mathematical model and a solution algorithm is developed to simultaneously deal with the issues of duplicating bottleneck machines and subcontracting bottleneck parts. Because there is a cost associated with the process of duplication and subcontracting, the benefits attained are analyzed for different budgetary constraints encountered by a firm. The algorithm was tested on three different problem structures for a range of budgetary restrictions. The results obtained show that the algorithm could be used by the industry to solve problems encountered in the design of CMS.
Graduation date: 1994

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lin, anton, and 林建州. "The Relationship among Outsourcing, Subcontracting Network Management, Organization Culture and Organizational Performance in Electronic Components Manufacturing Industry." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82360516865913492025.

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碩士
南台科技大學
企業管理系
95
The theme of this study is outsourcing. Firstly in this paper, the strategic factors considered by the manufacturers in the electronic parts and components industry that outsource jobs and the relationship between those factors and organizational efficiency are discussed. Then the management strategies for outsourcing relationships adopted by the manufacturers, the relationship between the management and organizational efficiency as well as how different organizational cultures are respectively related to outsourcing, outsourcing relationship management and organizational efficiency are explored. In this study, the questionnaire survey method is employed for real-life data collection, and to study each compositional variable, both descriptive analysis and reliability analysis are performed. Also, the regression analysis is carried out to analyze the interactions between the compositional variables. To search for our target survey objects, which are the manufacturers in the electronic parts and components industry, the company database of Taiwan News was used as the primary source. In total, 176 copies of questionnaire were distributed and 74 were returned, resulting in a 42% return rate. The findings of this study include the following: 1. Among all the functions, the most often outsourced is Production. The next in line is R&D and then Personnel Training, Marketing, Transportation & Logistics, Quality Control Sampling, Information Technology, Repair & Maintenance, and Labor Cooperation. 2. There is a significant relationship between outsourcing and organizational efficiency. Outsourcing non-core functions can help improve organizational efficiency while outsourcing functions with high transaction costs can decrease it. The outsourcing of resource-demanding functions has no obvious effect on organizational efficiency. 3. There is a notable relationship between outsourcing relationship management and organizational efficiency. Managing outsourcing relationships through a hierarchical mechanism can help improve organizational efficiency while managing through a market mechanism can decrease it. Managing outsourcing relationships through a relationship mechanism brings no obvious effect on organizational efficiency. 4. The culture of an organization has a dominant effect on outsourcing decisions. Companies with a hierarchical culture tend to support an outsourcing decision. 5. The culture of an organization has a dominant effect on outsourcing relationship management. Companies with a hierarchical culture tend to support taking control of outsourcing relationship management. 6. The culture of an organization has a dominant effect on organizational efficiency. Companies with a hierarchical or innovation-oriented culture tend to have higher organizational efficiency.

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Chyi, Jack, and 齊毓欽. "The effects of subcontracting extensions on the competitiveness of printed circuit board manufacturing firms. — A case study of H company." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51646617273443624995.

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Books on the topic "Manufacturing subcontracting"

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Kumar, K. Ravi. Strategic subcontracting for efficient disaggregated manufacturing. [Urbana, Ill.]: College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1986.

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Wyckoff, Robert. World-class outsourcing for electronics manufacturing. Alameda, CA (1420 Harbor Bay Pkwy., #295, Alameda 945020): Technology Forecasters, 1995.

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Chu, Tae-yŏng. Uri nara chŏnja sanŏp ŭi OEM suchʻul hyŏnhwang kwa palchŏn panghyang. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Sanŏp Yŏnʼguwŏn, 1989.

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La gestion des risques de sous-traitance manufacturière en Chine. Québec (Québec): Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2014.

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Forecasters, Inc Technology. Contract manufacturing from a global perspective: 1997 update : a multiclient market research report. Alameda, CA (1420 Harbor Bay Pkwy., Suite 295, Alameda 94502): Technology Forecasters, 1997.

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Glasmeier, Amy. Japan's manufacturing system: Small business, subcontracting, and regional complex formation : report to the Tissot Foundation for Economic Development, Le Locle, Switzerland. Austin: University of Texas at Austin, School of Architecture, 1989.

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Subcontracting in India's small manufacturing enterprises: Problems and prospects. New Delhi: Institute for Studies in Industrial Development, 2007.

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Ramakrishna, Prabha. The role of duplicating and subcontracting processes in the design of cellular manufacturing systems. 1994.

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Contract manufacturing: State-of-the-industry report : a multiclient market research report. Alameda, CA, USA: The Forecasters, 1996.

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Kudoka ni idomu: Sozoteki keiei o mezashite (Kirameku chusho kigyo shirizu). Chusho Kigyo Risachi Senta, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Manufacturing subcontracting"

1

Liang, Wen-Jung, and Chao-Cheng Mai. "Subcontracting or Exporting with Flexible Manufacturing." In Positive and Normative Analysis in International Economics, 138–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230348202_9.

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Gąbka, Joanna. "Simulation Tool for Effective Tasks Subcontracting in Manufacturing Networks." In Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 37th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology – ISAT 2016 – Part III, 165–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46589-0_13.

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Singh, Udai Bhan. "Subcontracting Linkages in the Informal Manufacturing Sector in Uttar Pradesh." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 261–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8265-3_14.

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Kuriyama, Naoki. "The Formation of Industrial Subcontracting in the Japanese Manufacturing Industry." In Japanese Human Resource Management, 77–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43053-9_4.

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Ali, Shayequa Zeenat. "Beyond the Polemics: Subcontracting in the Unorganised Food Manufacturing Sector in India." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 209–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9468-7_10.

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Safra, Imen, and Kaouther Ghachem. "Enhancement of Textile Supply Chain Performance through Optimal Capacity Planning." In Lean Manufacturing [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96292.

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Manufacturing companies in the textile and apparel field face stiff competition due to the globalization of trade between suppliers, producers and customers. To meet this challenge, they need to be efficient by adopting new lean manufacturing approaches and new analysis and management tools leading to more flexible and agile production and distribution processes. For the textile and apparel industry, where products’ life cycle is short due to fashion changes, a new integrated approach of production and distribution planning is needed. Based on linear programming techniques and integrating subcontracting activities, our approach takes into account the characteristics of demand, including its short life cycle, seasonality and fashion effect. For these reasons, a sequential approach is adopted, combining tactical and operational decision levels for production and distribution activities, in order to satisfy customer needs at lower cost by reacting quickly to changes and delivering on time. The deployed approach is structured according to the DMAIC lean tool. Validated on real instances, this approach proves its efficiency by achieving cost reduction when internal production capacity is adequately and efficiently planned.

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Gertler, Meric S. "Regional Cultures of Production." In Manufacturing Culture. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233824.003.0011.

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With the shifting nature of capitalist competition in recent years, many have argued that systems of innovation and production have become more social in nature. This assertion has two distinct but related components. First, production systems are coming to be characterized by a more finely articulated social division of labour, achieved through the process of vertical disintegration of large firms and the growing use of various forms of outsourcing, including subcontracting to smaller supplier firms. This externalization of the production process is said to offer the chief advantage of agility in meeting the needs of ever more rapidly changing and fragmented markets. As market demands shift qualitatively, producers are able to respond more effectively in such ‘open’ systems because they can more readily absorb the innovative ideas of supplier firms to help them devise new products and improvements, and because they can rework their sources of supply to match the particular attributes of the ‘product of the moment’, in both cases drawing upon the rich resources of a large collection of suppliers. The second component is that, as individual firms come to rely more heavily on their relations and exchanges with other firms, non-market forms of interaction become more important. Viewed in terms of the Williamsonian continuum between public markets and private hierarchies, much of the interesting action is seen to be taking place in the middle ground: relations are social, but are increasingly buttressed by trust. In particular, as Harrison (1992) pointed out in a classic essay, for these innovative production systems to function properly, firms must develop a considerable degree of interdependence on one another (including surrendering proprietary information) but will only do so when a relationship of trust has been established. Such relations are more likely to arise when firms interact with one another directly and repeatedly over time, as they will tend to do when they are located in the same region (see Crewe 1996). However, as sociologists such as Granovetter (1985) have pointed out, this interaction takes place through informal as well as formal mechanisms, and is reinforced by shared histories and cultures.

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Chen, Ling. "The Microfoundation of State Intervention and Policy Effectiveness." In Manipulating Globalization, 93–130. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503604797.003.0005.

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This chapter explains the effectiveness of policy implementation and the varied capabilities of local governments, using policy tools to generate firm-level upgrading incentives. Using China’s largest manufacturing industry—the electronics industry—as an example, the chapter compares the development of China’s two largest manufacturing cities, Suzhou and Shenzhen. It demonstrates how earlier patterns of FDI attraction and the prioritization of large or small FIEs gave rise to distinctive foreign–domestic firm relations. Through both in-depth case studies and hierarchical models, the chapter shows that a segregated relationship started by the group-offshoring strategy of large FIEs makes upgrading policies, such as government funding and tax cuts, less effective and dampens the innovation incentives for domestic private firms. By contrast, a more equal, broadly connected relationship started by the subcontracting strategy of small FIEs makes upgrading policies more likely to generate firm-level innovation behavior.

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Nandamuri, Purna Prabhakar, Rekh Raj Jain, and Vijayudu Gnanamkonda. "Corporate Supply Chains and the Challenge of Labor Standards." In Handbook of Research on Supply Chain Management for Sustainable Development, 75–103. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5757-9.ch005.

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The global manufacturing network facilitates the complex and opaque supply chains, comprising multiple levels of subcontracting which provide an easy scope for modern slavery through unfair labor practices. Global supply chains accommodate around 20% of total workforce. But, it is estimated, at any given moment that approximately three out of every thousand people on the planet are suffering in some form of forced labor, which is more prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region, which accounts for around 56% of the global total. Further, about 90% of the forced labor are exploited in the private economy. However, most of the successful corporates along with the governments understand the need to combat this global menace through strong legislation. The chapter attempts to analyze the major legal provisions of the prevailing labor standards framework in India, along with the pertinent case laws.

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Cummings, Scott L. "Garment Workers." In An Equal Place, 32–90. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190215927.003.0002.

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Launched in 1995 with the discovery of more than seventy enslaved Thai workers in a suburban apartment complex surrounded by barbed wire fence, the movement to end garment sweatshops—led by the Asian Pacific American Legal Center—pioneered the integration of strategic litigation and worker organizing to challenge inequality in Los Angeles. The sweatshop regime was built upon a legal foundation of subcontracting, which insulated retailers and manufacturers from the contractors actually producing clothing. At its most ambitious, the campaign sought to make legal responsibility follow economic power, rupturing the fiction that protected retailers and manufacturers from labor abuses such as those uncovered in the Thai worker case. Chapter 2 shows how lawyers built a powerful alliance with labor and grassroots organizers, won important legal victories in court, and achieved passage of a landmark state law creating manufacturer liability for contract labor violations. It then traces the campaign through the fierce battle against retailer Forever 21, which showed the power of industry countermobilization and ultimately marked the end of the litigation campaign. This outcome underscored a central lesson of legal mobilization in the new economy: Individual enforcement and litigation strategies, even when paired with innovative organizing and media campaigns, faced long odds challenging abuse enabled by extensive contracting and—crucially—the threat of global outsourcing. However, in fusing law and organizing, the anti-sweatshop campaign marked a new beginning in the movement against low-wage work—one that would deploy the tools honed in the garment manufacturing context to target Los Angeles’s immobile service industries.

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Conference papers on the topic "Manufacturing subcontracting"

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Dahane, M., C. Clementz, and N. Rezg. "Temporal problem of subcontracting of manufacturing unit under joint production control and maintenance policy." In Factory Automation (ETFA 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2009.5347077.

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Fan, Qi. "Research on the operations strategy of Chinese manufacturing enterprises under the background of international subcontracting." In EM2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icieem.2010.5646528.

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Dahane, M., and N. Rezg. "Integration of subcontracting activity in a production planning for randomly failing manufacturing system: Feasibility and profitability conditions." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coase.2010.5584503.

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Povilus, David S., and Jerome C. Conrad. "The Technology of Language and How Advances Will Affect Product Modeling and Design." In ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/edm1994-0507.

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Abstract:

Abstract Design and CAE are being influenced by a number of business factors that heighten the importance of communication, and, thus, language. Among these factors are: globalization of product and component markets, electronic commerce via EDI, competitive demands for shortened development cycles, and increased accountability for design through the entire product life cycle. Engineering management reflects these business factors in such trends as: outsourcing of design work on a global basis, subcontracting of construction and/or manufacturing engineering, and simultaneous engineering across disciplines. This paper explores the oncoming revolution in language technology from the viewpoint of its potential effects on CAE. Some brief introductory observations are made on the importance and current status of language as it relates to design. Next, the philosophical and practical language barriers to further progress in object-oriented CAE are laid out. Finally, an agenda is proposed whereby these barriers can be overcome. Progress for CAE will be driven by the information needs of the end users of engineering’s products. This progress will be fed by technology advances and economic forces external to engineering design, yet it will take the form of a metalanguage unique to the field. Reaching our future aspirations for CAE will require the encouragement and cooperation of the commercial, professional, and governmental sectors, because the creation of a new language is a complex and costly proposition.

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