Academic literature on the topic 'Manufacturing processes Energy conservation Data processing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Manufacturing processes Energy conservation Data processing"
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Zhang, Chaoyang, Juchen Zhang, Weixi Ji, and Wei Peng. "Data Acquisition Network Configuration and Real-Time Energy Consumption Characteristic Analysis in Intelligent Workshops for Social Manufacturing." Machines 10, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10100923.
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To achieve energy-saving production, one critical step is to calculate and analyze the energy consumption and energy efficiency of machining processes. However, considering the complexity and uncertainty of discrete manufacturing job shops, it is a significant challenge to conduct data acquisition and energy consumption data processing of manufacturing systems. Meanwhile, under the growing trend of personalization, social manufacturing is an emerging technical practice that allows prosumers to build individualized services with their partners, which produces new requirements for energy data processing. Thus, a real-time energy consumption characteristic analysis method in intelligent workshops for social manufacturing is established to realize data processing and energy efficiency evaluation automatically. First, an energy-conservation production architecture for intelligent manufacturing processes is introduced, and the configuration of a data acquisition network is described to create a ubiquitous manufacturing environment. Then, an energy consumption characteristic analysis method is proposed based on the process time window. Finally, a case study of coupling-part manufacturing verifies the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method. This method realizes a combination of social manufacturing and real-time energy characteristic analysis. Meanwhile, the energy consumption characteristics provide a decision basis for the energy-saving control of intelligent manufacturing workshops.
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Pătrașcu, Roxana, Eduard Minciuc, George Darie, Ștefan-Dominic Voronca, and Andreea-Ioana Bădicu. "Energy efficiency solutions for driers used in the glass manufacturing and processing industry." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0021.
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Abstract Energy conservation is relevant to increasing efficiency in energy projects, by saving energy, by its’ rational use or by switching to other forms of energy. The goal is to secure energy supply on short and long term, while increasing efficiency. These are enforced by evaluating the companies’ energy status, by monitoring and adjusting energy consumption and organising a coherent energy management. The manufacturing process is described, starting from the state and properties of the raw material and ending with the glass drying technological processes involved. Raw materials are selected considering technological and economic criteria. Manufacturing is treated as a two-stage process, consisting of the logistic, preparation aspect of unloading, transporting, storing materials and the manufacturing process itself, by which the glass is sifted, shredded, deferrized and dried. The interest of analyzing the latter is justified by the fact that it has a big impact on the final energy consumption values, hence, in order to improve the general performance, the driers’ energy losses are to be reduced. Technological, energy and management solutions are stated to meet this problem. In the present paper, the emphasis is on the energy perspective of enhancing the overall efficiency. The case study stresses the effects of heat recovery over the efficiency of a glass drier. Audits are conducted, both before and after its’ implementation, to punctually observe the balance between the entering and exiting heat in the drying process. The reduction in fuel consumption and the increase in thermal performance and fuel usage performances reveal the importance of using all available exiting heat from processes. Technical faults, either in exploitation or in management, lead to additional expenses. Improving them is in congruence with the energy conservation concept and is in accordance with the Energy Efficiency Improvement Program for industrial facilities.
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Jones, Lewis C. R., Nicholas Goffin, Jinglei Ouyang, Nazanin Mirhossein, Jiaji Xiong, Yufeng Li, Lin Li, et al. "Laser specific energy consumption: How do laser systems compare to other manufacturing processes?" Journal of Laser Applications 34, no. 4 (November 2022): 042029. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/7.0000790.
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Laser material interactions are routinely praised for their selective processing and high processing rates. However, this does not guarantee that the total manufacturing system has a low energy intensity compared to conventional manufacturing processes. This paper presents the results of a collaborative UK and China research project to improve the comprehension of the total energy consumption and carbon emissions for laser-based manufacturing. A range of individual laser cutting, welding, and cleaning processes were studied to assess their energy efficiency, including the laser and its ancillary subsystems (e.g., cooling and extraction). The project developed a systematic analysis method, adapted from BS ISO 14955-1:2017, which incorporated time and subsystem level studies to quantify all energy consumption components of a laser system. Previous research has identified that the laser system's most significant contributor to the total energy consumption are the auxiliary or supporting subsystems, not the laser emission. This identified that using only the absorbed radiation to evaluate manufacturing efficiency is misleading. All the processes evaluated followed a negative correlation between processing rate (kg/h) and specific energy consumption (J/kg). The new data conclude that laser processes have a relatively high energy intensity compared to conventional manufacturing alternatives. The results can be used to identify where the most significant improvements to individual laser systems can be made. The comprehensive comparison of processes allows manufacturers to select processes to improve environmental impact.
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Ralls, Alessandro M., Pankaj Kumar, and Pradeep L. Menezes. "Tribological Properties of Additive Manufactured Materials for Energy Applications: A Review." Processes 9, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010031.
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Recently, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained much traction due to its processing advantages over traditional manufacturing methods. However, there are limited studies which focus on process optimization for surface quality of AM materials, which can dictate mechanical, thermal, and tribological performance. For example, in heat-transfer applications, increased surface quality is advantageous for reducing wear rates of vibrating tubes as well as increasing the heat-transfer rates of contacting systems. Although many post-processing and in situ manufacturing techniques are used in conjunction with AM techniques to improve surface quality, these processes are costly and time-consuming compared to optimized processing techniques. With improved as-built surface quality, particles tend to be better fused, which allows for greater wear resistance from contacting tube surfaces. Additionally, improved surface quality can reduce the entropy and exergy generated from flowing fluids, in turn increasing the thermodynamic efficiency of heat-transferring devices. This review aims to summarize the process-optimizing methods used in AM for metal-based heat exchangers and the importance of as-built surface quality to its performance and long-term energy conservation. The future directions and current challenges of this field will also be covered, with suggestions on how research in this topic can be improved.
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Iten, Muriel, Miguel Oliveira, Diogo Costa, and Jochen Michels. "Water and Energy Efficiency Improvement of Steel Wire Manufacturing by Circuit Modelling and Optimisation." Energies 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020223.
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Industrial water circuits (IWC) are frequently neglected as they are auxiliary circuits of industrial processes, leading to a missing awareness of their energy- and water-saving potential. Industrial sectors such as steel, chemicals, paper and food processing are notable in their water-related energy requirements. Improvement of energy efficiency in industrial processes saves resources and reduces manufacturing costs. The paper presents a cooling IWC of a steel wire processing plant in which steel billets are transformed into wire. The circuit was built in object-oriented language in OpenModelica and validated with real plant data. Several improvement measures have been identified and an optimisation methodology has been proposed. A techno-economic analysis has been carried out to estimate the energy savings and payback time for the proposed improvement measures. The suggested measures allow energy savings up to 29% in less than 3 years’ payback time and water consumption savings of approximately 7.5%.
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YANG, Heng, Dexin AN, Carmen GAIDAU, Jinwei ZHANG, and Jin ZHOU. "Life cycle assessment of processing for chrome tanned cowhide upper leather." Leather and Footwear Journal 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/lfj.21.2.1.
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Pollution has become a serious problem in leather industry, however, current method to evaluate its environmental effect usually used data from literature review, those data generated while leather manufacturing were rarely collected and analyzed. Thereby, the aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental effect of manufacturing process of chrome tanned cowhide upper leather by applying the Life Cycle Assessment protocols. Following the guidance of ISO 14010, we first combined data obtained from field study and empirical review; and then these data were input into eFootprint for calculation. Results, including four environmental indicators (global warming potential [GWP], primary energy demand [PED], water utility [WU] and acidification [AP]), show that producing 1 kg of cowhide upper leather releases 7.040 kg of CO2 eq, consumes 106.793 MJ of energy and 89.144 kg of water and emits 0.058 kg of SO2 eq. Sensitivity analysis of inventory data demonstrated that chrome tanning and retanning processes accounted for more than 40% of PED, AP and GWP, whereas the beamhouse was more than 78% of WU. Therefore, we could optimise the tanning process by using alternative materials or technologies in the critical sections to achieve cleaner production and sustainable leather manufacturing.
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Indzere, Zane, Kevin D. Manzano Martinez, Tereza Bezrucko, Zauresh Khabdullina, Ivars Veidenbergs, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Energy Efficiency Improvement in Thawing." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0068.
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AbstractThe thawing process within fish processing is one of the most essential steps in manufacturing. Various processes of thawing can be used where efficiency varies between companies depending on such characteristics as energy consumption, the price of resources, etc. The main aim of the research is to increase the efficiency of thawing processes. Firstly, to analyse various thawing methods and to find the most efficient one by using multi-criteria decision making analysis method. Secondly, analysing data of thawing of existing company to find opportunities for improvements, including the change of existing technology. Results showed that the most suitable method for thawing is the air blast method. Case study showed that current thawing technology is outdated, thus suggested improvement would be to replace the current boiler house with a cogeneration plant. A sensitivity analysis for the cogeneration plant has been performed.
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Pupeikis, Darius, Lina Morkūnaitė, Mindaugas Daukšys, Arūnas Aleksandras Navickas, and Svajūnas Abromas. "Possibilities of Using Building Information Model Data in Reinforcement Processing Plant." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 28, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.28.1.27593.
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While the AEC industry is moving towards digitalization off-site rebar prefabrication became a common practice. Now most companies use a long-established standard order processing method, where the customer submits 2D paper or PDF-based drawings. Subsequently, the manufacturers are obligated to make additional detailing, redrawing, calculations, and preparation of other required information for manufacturing. Thus, in this typical scenario, there is a great repetition of the same tasks, with the obvious loss of time and increased likelihood of human error. However, improvements can be made by the application of advanced digital production workflow and the use of open BIM standards (e.g., IFC, XML, BVBS). Therefore, this paper presents the typical data flow algorithm in contrast to the automated data flow for reinforcement manufacturing. Further, the two approaches are compared and analyzed based on Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. The results have shown promising prospects for companies willing to automate their data flow processes by the use of 3D drawings and digital data from the BIM model in their plants.
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Cios, K. J., G. Y. Baaklini, and A. Vary. "Soft Computing in Design and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812766.
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The goal of this paper is to show the potential of fuzzy sets and neural networks, often referred to as soft computing, for aiding in all aspects of manufacturing of advanced materials like ceramics. In design and manufacturing of advanced materials it is desirable to find which of the many processing variables contribute most to the desired properties of the material. There is also interest in real-time quality control of parameters that govern material properties during processing stages. This paper briefly introduces the concepts of fuzzy sets and neural networks and shows how they can be used in the design and manufacturing processes. These two computational methods are alternatives to other methods such as the Taguchi method. The two methods are demonstrated by using data collected at NASA Lewis Research Center. Future research directions are also discussed.
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Freitas, R. S. M., C. S. Stampa, D. C. Lobão, and G. B. Alvarez. "NUMERICAL STUDY CONCERNING THERMAL RESPONSES OF NANOFILMS UNDER THE THERMOMASS THEORY." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v15i1.62148.
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he Thermomass theory is based on the relationship mass-energy of Einstein, i.e., the heat has mass-energy duality, behaving as energy in processes where its conversion occurs in another form of energy, and behaving as mass in heat transfer processes. The mathematical model stablished by the Thermomass model falls within the class of problems called models non-Fourier heat conduction. The present work aims to analyze the thermal responses provided by Thermomass theory of nanofilms submitted to a very fast heating process using two different heat sources (laser pulses). During the process of analysis, the equations are written in conservation law, put into dimensionless form and discretized in the way that a high-order TVD scheme is used on to provide accurate and reliable numerical simulations for obtaining the thermal responses predicted by the Thermomass model. The results show that the Thermomass theory predicted a heterogeneous temperature distribution with elevated temperature peaks. The thermal responses obtained from this model may prevent the thermal damage caused by technologies of the processing and manufacturing of elements based on high-power laser applications.
Books on the topic "Manufacturing processes Energy conservation Data processing"
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1936-, Hamel Bernard B., and Hedman Bruce A. 1950-, eds. Energy analysis of 108 industrial processes. [Atlanta, Ga: Fairmont Press, 1985.
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Global Innovations Symposium (4th 2003 San Diego, Calif.). Energy efficient manufacturing processes: Proceedings of the technical sessions presented at the 132nd TMS Annual Meeting : San Diego, California, USA, March 2-6, 2003 : TMS Material Processing and Manufacturing Division Global Innovations Symposium. Warrendale, Pa: TMS, 2003.
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Alan, Fine H., Geiger Gordon Harold 1937-, and Fine H. Alan, eds. Handbook on material and energy balance calculations in material processing. 3rd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-TMS, 2011.
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1950-, Cipriano Aldo, and Ordys A. W. 1956-, eds. Optimisation of industrial processes at supervisory level: Application to control of thermal power plants. London: Springer, 2002.
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Saez, Doris A., Aldo Cipriano, and Andrzej W. Ordys. Optimisation of Industrial Processes at Supervisory Level: Application to Control of Thermal Power Plants (Advances in Industrial Control). Springer, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Manufacturing processes Energy conservation Data processing"
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Chang, Kuo-Chi, Kai-Chun Chu, Hsiao-Chuan Wang, Yuh-Chung Lin, Tsui-Lien Hsu, and Yu-Wen Zhou. "Study on IoT and Big Data Analysis of 12” 7 nm Advanced Furnace Process Exhaust Gas Leakage." In Linked Open Data - Applications, Trends and Future Developments. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92849.
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Modern FAB uses a large number of high-energy processes, including plasma, CVD, and ion implantation. Furnaces are one of the important tools for semiconductor manufacturing. According to the requirements of conversion production management, FAB installed a set of IoT-based research based on 12″ 7 nm-level furnaces chip process. Two furnace processing tool measurement points were set up in a 12-inch 7 nm-level factory in Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan, this is a 24-hour continuous monitoring system, the data obtained every second is sequentially send and stored in the cloud system. This study will be set in the cloud database for big data analysis and decision-making. The lower limit of TEOS, C2H4, CO is 0.4, 1.5, 1 ppm. Semiconductor process, so that IoT integration and big data operations can be performed in all processes, this is an important step to promote FAB intelligent production, and also an important contribution to this research.
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Kuppusamy, Elamvazhuthi, and Kailash Mariappan. "Integration of Operation Technology (OT) and Information Technology (IT) Through Intelligent Automation in Manufacturing Industries." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210050.
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The results of integrating OT and IT in Manufacturing Industries are Increase in Productivity, Reduction in Waste, Savings in Labor and Energy and Better Maintenance. The convergence of IT and OT in IoT has been going on for a while and there isn’t a strict division between them in the real world. Traditionally, IT is responsible for creating, storing and securing an organization’s data. At the same time, OT focuses primarily on processes that take place in the physical world-think managing productivity, people, and machinery. There are Pre Design Phases and Final Design Phases for Implementation of the Integration process. Under the Pre Design Phases, Identify the types of Assets in Industrial Zone and those that support Production and then Identify “Who” owns the hardware and software in the asset. In the final Phases of implementation we have: Requirements Phase: Interview all the system owners to gather requirements for operations, configuration and maintenance. Architectural Phase: Produce High level documentation and drawings to meet every requirement. Technical Design Phase: Produce detailed documentation such as drawings, switch configuration and VLAN, IP Address and Firewall ACLs. Implementation Phase: VERIFY “was the product built right?” and VALIDATE “was the right product built?” process. Maintain Phase: Modify configurations and assets to fix anomalies or required operational changes. The Intelligent Automation is Transforming Manufacturing Processes. The explosive growth of the cloud has made on – demand processing more accessible, more efficient and relatively lower cost. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) tools use Cognitive capabilities will replace those that don’t. There are several obvious benefits of automation that can be found in various automation projects as primary positive results. Among others, they include: #Cost Reduction #Higher Accuracy #Increased focus on core competencies #Improved productivity #Better compliance #Creating New jobs #Reducing Employee turnover. Three types of automation in production can be distinguished: 1. Fixed automation, 2. Programmable automation, and 3. Flexible automation. In many industries IT and OT convergence already happens since quite some time (Oil and Gas is just one of the many). Utilities are realizing that to reap the full benefits of advanced metering and smart grid systems, IT and OT must work together. The convergence of IT and OT is about systems, standards and a new way of thinking. We are in the start of Industry 4.0, the industrial internet, cyber – physical systems and evolutions in areas and markets such as Building Management systems, smart metering and critical power.
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Hussaini Jagaba, Ahmad, Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty, Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih, Azmatullah Noor, Mohammad Fakhuma Ubaidillah bin Md Hafiz, Nura Shehu Aliyu Yaro, Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed, Ibrahim Mohammed Lawal, Abdullahi Haruna Birniwa, and Abdullahi Usman Kilaco. "Palm Oil Clinker as a Waste by-Product: Utilization and Circular Economy Potential." In Elaeis guineensis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97312.
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Conservation of natural resources to create ecological balance could be significantly improved by substituting them with waste by-products. Palm oil industry operations increases annually, thereby generating huge quantity of waste to be dumped into the landfill. Palm oil clinker (POC) is a solid waste by-product produced in one of the oil palm processing phases. This chapter is designed to highlight the generation, disposal problems, properties and composition of POC. The waste to resource potentials of POC would be greatly discussed in the chapter starting with the application of POC in conventional and geopolymer structural elements such as beams, slabs, columns made of either concrete, mortar or paste for coarse aggregates, sand and cement replacement. Aspects such as performance of POC in wastewater treatment processes, fine aggregate and cement replacement in asphaltic and bituminous mixtures during highway construction, a bio-filler in coatings for steel manufacturing processes and a catalyst during energy generation would also be discussed. Circular economy potentials, risk assessment and leaching behavior during POC utilization would be evaluated. The chapter also discusses the effectiveness of POC in soil stabilization and the effect of POC pretreatment for performance enhancement. Towards an efficient utilization, it is important to carry out technical and economic studies, as well as life cycle assessments, in order to compare all the POC areas of application described in the present review article. POC powder has proven to be pozzolanic with maximum values of 17, 53.7, 0.92, 3.87, 1.46, for CaO, SiO2, SO3, Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Therefore, the present chapter would inspire researchers to find research gaps that will aid the sustainable use of agroindustry wastes. The fundamental knowledge contained in the chapter could also serve as a wake-up call for researchers that will motivate them to explore the high potential of utilizing POC for greater environmental benefits associated with less cost when compared with conventional materials.
Conference papers on the topic "Manufacturing processes Energy conservation Data processing"
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Arcipreste, Bruno, Delfim Soares, Luis Ribas, and José Carlos Teixeira. "Numerical Modeling of Wave Soldering in PCB." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39051.
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Manufacturing of electronic boards (commonly referred as PCB) is a highly automated process that requires an accurate control of the various processing variables. Amongst the soldering processes, wave soldering is one of the most often used. In this, the various electronic components are provisionally inserted onto the PCB, and a low velocity jet of melted solder is directed to the moving board. Due to capillarity effects the solder adheres to the component/board interface and the process is completed. This methodology is most often used for small components. The adjusting of the operating parameters (solder nozzle orientation and velocity) is often carried out on a trial and error basis resulting in a time consuming process that is at odds with the increasing demand for smaller production series that the electronics industry is faced with. In addition the number of defects (mostly from missing components that are washed away by the impacting jet) is more likely to occur when thinner substrates are used in the PCB manufacturing. The present paper describes the application of a Computational Fluid Dynamics model to describe the interaction of the solder jet with the PCB and the integrated circuits. The model includes the conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy in a transient time frame. The jet and surrounding ambient atmosphere are modeled as two separate fluids and the interface is tracked by a VOF model. By adjusting the computational mesh refinement the interface is captured with accuracy. The drag forces occurring in the various components are computed from the pressure data field. The model allows the optimization of the wave operating parameters as a function of the component type of and its layout in the PCB.
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Fan, Zongyue, Hao Wang, and Bo Li. "Powder-Scale Meshfree Simulations of Powder Bed Fusion Based Additive Manufacturing Processes." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2991.
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Abstract We present a powder-scale meshfree direct numerical simulation (DNS) capability for the powder bed fusion (PBF) based additive manufacturing (AM) processes using the novel Hot Optimal Transportation Meshfree (HOTM) method. The HOTM method is an incremental Lagrangian meshfree computational framework for materials behaviors under extreme thermomechanical loading conditions, which combines the Optimal Transportation Meshfree (OTM) method and the variational thermomechanical constitutive updates. The realistic multi-layer powder bed geometry is modeled explicitly in the HOTM simulations based on experimental data. A phase-aware constitutive model is developed to predict the phase change and multiphase mixing during the PBF AM processes automatically. The governing equations including the linear momentum and energy conservation equations are solved for the multiphase flow simultaneously to predict the deformation, temperature and local state of the powder particles. The powder-scale DNS is employed to study the influence of various laser powers on the melt pool thermodynamics.
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Muroyama, Alexander, Mahesh Mani, Kevin Lyons, and Bjorn Johansson. "Simulation and Analysis for Sustainability in Manufacturing Processes." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47327.
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“Sustainability” has become a ubiquitous term in almost every field, especially in engineering design and manufacturing. Recently, an increased awareness of environmental problems and resource depletion has led to an emphasis on environmentally friendly practices. This is especially true in the manufacturing industry where energy consumption and the amount of waste generated can be high. This requires proactive tools to be developed to carefully analyze the cause-effect of current manufacturing practices and to investigate alternative practices. One such approach to sustainable manufacturing is the combined use of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to analyze the utilization and processing of manufacturing resources in a factory setting. On an economic aspect such method can significantly reduce the financial and environmental costs by evaluating the system performance before its construction or use. This project considers what-if scenarios in a simplified golf ball factory, using as close to real-world data as possible, to demonstrate DES and LCA’s ability to facilitate decision-making and optimize the manufacturing process. Plastic injection molding, an energy-intensive step in the golf ball manufacturing process, is the focus of the DES model. AutoMod, a 3-D modeling software, was used to build the DES model and AutoStat was used to run the trials and analyze the data. By varying the input parameters such as type and number of injection molding machines and material used, the simulation model can output data indicating the most productive and energy efficient methods. On a more detailed level, the simulations can provide valuable information on bottlenecks or imbalances in the system. Correcting these can allow the factory to be both “greener” and more cost-effective.
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Cai, Yun, and Hua Shao. "Energy Efficiency State Identification in Milling Processing Based on Improved HMM." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2735.
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Energy efficiency state identification of milling process plays an important role in energy saving efforts for manufacturing systems. However, it is very difficult to track energy efficiency state in machining processes based on traditional signal processing strategies due to the fact that energy state is usually coupled with a lot of factors like machine tool states, tool conditions, and cutting conditions. An identification method of information reasoning and Hidden Markov model (HMM) for energy efficiency state is proposed in this paper. Utilizing cutting conditions, empirical models of the energy efficiency, experimental data and signal features, an expert system is established for initial probability optimization and the state is further identified by HMM. The experiments show that energy efficiency state can be identified with this method.
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Muhammad, Moin, Saja Al Balushi, and Carrie Murtland. "Harvesting Geothermal Energy from Produced Reservoir Fluids Eliminates CO2 Emission from Production Facility Operations." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22313-ea.
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Abstract Objective ICE thermal Harvesting has developed a patented technology to convert neglected thermal energy existing in producing oil and gas wells to 100% emissions free electrical power to fulfil in-field power needs and improve operators’ emissions profile. By leveraging advanced process design and automation, heat is harvested and converted to electricity which is then safely delivered to local equipment, the grid, or energy storage fields. During production of oil and gas from high-temperature, high-pressure formations, reservoir fluids are sent through a surface choke reducing the pressure prior to flowing to surface production equipment and pipelines. Flowing pressures before a choke can be as high as 10,000 psi and will most commonly be reduced to pressures below 1,400 psi. This pressure regulation is critical to both limit unmitigated flow from the well, optimizing the ultimate recovery from the reservoir, as well as to protect surface assets from potentially damaging flowing pressures. However, as the flowing pressure is reduced, the temperature as a result also drops significantly and the thermal energy is lost. Additionally, due to the depth of many of these producer wells, the fluid being produced from the subterranean reservoirs contain large amounts of thermal energy. Currently, this thermal energy is unutilized because there is no existing methodology or technology to effectively capture this thermal energy or convert it to electrical power. Based on the EIA estimates, there are roughly 900,000 producing wells across US lands and waters. From conservative initial ICE estimates, at least 7,500 of these well sites have the potential to be utilized for this application. With electric power rates of ICE packages varying from 125kW to 210kW, this would equate to 937,500 MW to 1,575,000 MW of emissions free power production for consumption within the United States. Contrary to previous past projects exploring similar technologies aiming to utilize oil and gas wells as geothermal reserviors, the requirement of continuously pumping large volumes of fresh water downhole is eliminated by utilizing producing wells instead of reconditioning de-commissioned wells. Because the wells are already producing, the ICE system relies on the reservoir pressure or others production lift mechnism to push the oil and gas stream back to surface, rather than pumping large volumes of fluid downhole to recover the geothermal energy. The benefit of this is reducing the parasitic loads imposed by pumping fluid downhole, ultimately improving net power output by over 50%. ICE's innovations to date have been primarily centered around the harvesting of one or more heat sources, aggregating those heat sources in an optimal manner through a patented process loop, and modulating heat transfer through automated control methods. This controlled thermal product is then transferred to the Organic Rankine Cycle generator portion of the system for conversion to electricity. Building upon decades of experience in the electrification of oilfield services, ICE engineers designed the system to be highly mobile, modular, and scalable to comply with the demands of remote oilfield operations. Contrary to other heat-to-power systems, the ICE system does not necessitate civil infrastructure work or the employment of EPC firms to install. ICE systems are planned to be installed in processes spanning several industrial spaces including cement manufacturing, power production, and industrial manufacturing; anywhere large industrial cooling is required, there exists opportunity to implement ICE technology. The initial strong interest from oil and gas operators has caused the initial deployments to focus on the energy sector. These applications are found across the oil and gas value chain, ranging from upstream, midstream, and downstream processes. For this overview, two ICE system applications will be described. For the first application, thermal energy will be harvested from aggregated oil production from 11 conventional wells. As liquid production is aggregated in-field and routed toward initial processing, the production stream will flow though ICE Thermal Harvesting's system, where heat will be extracted from the stream. The second application will harvest thermal energy from natural gas wells. In this application, hot, high- pressure gas from two wells will flow through the ICE system in the vicinity of the wellhead where flowing pressures are still high. Wellhead temperatures of these wells are greater than 230 degrees Fahrenheit. The ICE system is expected to have a cooling impact of over 40 degrees Fahrenheit on the gas stream during the power production process, which will greatly reduce the cooling duty required on location. Both projects will be executed in three phases: Phase 1: Assessing the feasibility of power production from subject assets by evaluating production dataPhase 2: Utilizing the measured heat within the subject assets, ICE will finalize engineering design on heat exchange equipment best suited to harvest the maximum amount of thermal energy from production streams.Phase 3: Critical parameters will be continuously monitored remotely. Optimization engineering to be performed to maximize power production from the system to achieve as close to 125kW nameplate output as possible.
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Wang, Xingtao, Robert E. Williams, Michael P. Sealy, Prahalada Rao, and Yuebin Guo. "Stochastic Modeling and Analysis of Spindle Energy Consumption During Hard Milling With a Focus on Tool Wear." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6511.
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The rapid development of modern science and technology brings with it a high demand for manufacturing quality. The surface integrity of a machined part is a critical factor which needs to be considered in the selection of the appropriate machining processes. By monitoring and predicting tool wear, it is possible to improve sustainability by reducing the scrap rate due to poor surface integrity. In this work, Data Dependent Systems (DDS), a stochastic modeling and analysis technique, was applied to study spindle motor energy consumption during a hard milling operation. The objective was to correlate the spindle power to tool wear conditions using DDS analysis. The spindle power was monitored and the time series trends were decomposed to study the frequency variation with different severities of tool wear conditions and processing parameters. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also used to determine factors significant to the energy consumption by a spindle motor. Experiments indicate that low-level frequency of spindle power is correlated with the amount of tool wear, cutting speed, and feed per tooth. Results suggest that effective tool wear monitoring may be achieved by focusing on low-level frequencies (0.1 rad/sec) highlighted by DDS methodology.
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Bharambe, Ganesh, Prakash Dabeer, Kumar Digambar Sapate, and Suresh M. Sawant. "Energy Savings for Sustainability of Machining Process." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53295.
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Processing of metals in industries is lifeline of economy of country, which helps to shape the country. Energy saving in this process is attributed to both the parts ie process of machining and energy consumed in machine tools itself. The process of material removal had experienced lot of improvements in last few decades. This consists of developments in pre-machining processes, metal cutting methods and developments in cutting theories and cutting tools. Cutting fluid is one of challenging field to yield more favourable results. Manufacturing practices beyond its existing limits, process and machine automations, using the previous data for improving machinabilities, optimizing through relative benchmarks (a market driven schemes) shall lead the manufacturing speed to a new high. Adaptibility of manufacturing set up to absorb new requirement will also be a controlling factor for acceleration of manufacturing processes. This paper discusses the efforts to reduce the energy to produce a product. Various methods are discussed to minimize the energy consumed for driving the machine components such as spindle, feeding device, lubricating system, cutting fluid system, indexing and tooling management, speed and feed controlling devices etc. Different requirements such as friction energy in braking action, speed reducing or cushioning will also consume certain amount of energy during its operations. Therefore one has to understand the various types of energy flows and classification of energy forms used from place to place. Study of constructional features of machines brings a lot of opportunities for savings in energy. The concepts of material handling, fluid handling like hydraulic and pneumatic circuits, lubrication system, shall also provide the opportunities for savings in energy consumption. Energy used for working of accessories whether they are required at that particular moments needs to be considered from time to time. There are few more methods for locating the chances for arresting the energy wastages and reducing specific energy consumption referring a particular process or function. Previous data generated for similar functions can be referred for comparison and efforts can be added to reduce the requirement of energy. Efficient and effective utilization of equipment shall open a fresh path for finding the energy reductions. Sustainability of machining processes can be ensured for future using the lean energy utilizations for productions. Authors have explained the live cases to demonstrate reduction in energy consumption. Few potential guidelines are also narrated in this line. Further few cases are discussed from literature survey which support and will help to pursue the target.
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Singer, Joe, Scott Jansen, Chenli Wang, and Hohyun Lee. "Non-Invasive Water Flow Sensing for Smart Water Heater Controller." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72021.
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Water flow rate sensors in residential homes have the capacity to revolutionize energy conservation by providing real time, user specific water usage data to the Internet of Things. Water heaters typically heat water to a constant set-temperature throughout the day. This constant heating contributes to about 18% of total home energy usage, making water heaters an especially effective target for potential energy savings. By harnessing the knowledge of hot water usage and flow rate, machine learning processes can determine an optimized water heating schedule for individual users. However, current methods to determine water flow rate involve either a complicated installation process or use of expensive equipment. The work in this paper proposes an economical, non-invasive package to both detect hot water usage and measure the flow rate, by utilizing three temperature sensors. Processing of the data quantitatively correlates temperature change of the incoming/outgoing water pipes to the water flow rate through the pipes. To accomplish this, the principle of energy conservation was applied using transient temperature measurements taken from the outer surface of both the cold inlet and hot outlet pipes. In the process of formulating energy conservation equations, there exist unknowns which will be determined by different self-testing algorithms. Developing transient and steady state equations for the inlet and outlet pipes allowed for calculations of the flow rate through a water heater to be performed. Specified conservation equations applied to both cold inlet and hot outlet pipes will enhance the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. For verification, experimental setup was built to verify our model by comparing actual usage and flow rate measurements from a household water heater with the calculated usage and flow rate from the temperature change rate.
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Poor, C. J., Rachel Anderson, and H. E. Dillon. "Evaluation of Wave Energy on the Willamette River." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71796.
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Abstract The trend of using larger boats for wake surfing in river systems has caused concern for dock stability, bank erosion, safety of other boaters, and natural resource conservation. This study evaluates the wave energy due to boat traffic in the Newberg Pool of the Willamette River using budget conscious equipment and involving community stakeholders. Low-cost motion activated game cameras were used to record videos of waves when boats passed. The video processing was completed using image analysis in the computational tool Matlab. For each image a high-contrast point of reference was used for the tracking, often tape on a dock piling. As the wave or dock moved, the reference point in the image was tracked in Matlab using the maximum or minimum grayscale pixel in a specific part of the image. This calculation allowed the research team to approximate the change in vertical direction in pixels. A computational analysis tool was used at 4 sites, 2 in wake surfing zones, 1 in a wake zone, and 1 in a no wake zone, to quantify wave height and period. A total of 8567 videos were collected from the four sites, and 1227 were analyzed. For the wake surfing zone, the average and maximum wave heights were 0.026 m and 0.149 m, respectively, and average and maximum wave energies were 0.905 W/m and 19.2 W/m, respectively. In the wake zone, the average and maximum wave heights were 0.031 m and 0.137 m, respectively, and average and maximum wave energies were 1.405 W/m and 5.74 W/m, respectively. The average wave energy was higher in the wake zone, however, the maximum wave height and the number of boat-caused waves recorded were higher (2984 in the wake surfing zone compared to 1117 in the wake zone) in the wake surfing zone. Cameras were attached to dock pilings which may have resulted in lower values due to the dampening of the dock. Wake surfing was also observed in wake zones, where it is not allowed. This study indicates that the large boats used for wake surfing create larger waves that can potentially cause damage to property along the river and natural resources. The processes and procedures used within this research would not have been possible without citizen involvement. The citizens partaking in the research allowed for their property to be used as a heavily monitored site or a self-monitored site. The self-monitored sites were a useful tool in collecting more data.
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Dreimanis, Karlis, Zane Indzere, Dagnija Blumberga, and Vaida Šerevičienė. "Multicriteria Evaluaton of Efficiency in Fish Processing." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.729.
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EU countries have agreed on GREEN DEAL and have committed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Very important role for achieving the goal is playing production and manufacturing industry. This article is devoted to fish production industry, which is as subdivision of food production industry. During past decades the amount of fish caught has increased multiple times. Fishing industry nowadays is being strongly regulated and monitored by various institutions including. Which sets environmental legislation for controlling and improving industries impact (energy efficiency, pollution, waste) on the habitat and environment. For EU to make right decisions on how the member states could develop their fish production industry, it is necessary to have overall evaluation which includes the development opportunities. The efficiency of the fish production company characterizes the amount of resources used, as well as energy efficiency, water usage, the possibility to implement of circular economy, and other criteria which must be evaluated from the perspective if environmental, engineering, economic and social aspects. The fish production company analysis in this article are analysed using Data envelopement analysis (DEA) multicriteria analysis. First results show that fish manufacturers must pay attention to the technological processes in order to move towards carbon neutral society.