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Purves, Nigel, and Scott J. Niblock. "Predictors of corporate survival in the US and Australia: an exploratory case study." Journal of Strategy and Management 11, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-06-2017-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of financial ratios and non-financial factors of successful and failed corporations in the USA. Specifically, the authors provide evidence on whether financial ratios and non-financial factors can be jointly included as indicators to improve the predictive capacity of organisational success or failure in different countries and sectors. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilises a mixed method exploratory case study focussing on listed corporations in the US and Australian manufacturing, agriculture, finance and property sectors. Findings The financial ratio findings demonstrate that (with the exception of the failed Australian manufacturing sector) the integrated multi-measure (IMM) ratio approach consistently provides a higher classification rate for the failed and successful groups than those provided by an individual measure. In all cases the IMM method scored higher for US companies (with the exception of the failed Australian property sector). The findings also show that irrespective of the country location or sector, non-financial factors such as board composition and managements’ involvement in organisational strategy impact on a corporation’s success or failure. Practical implications The findings reveal that non-financial factors occur prior to financial ratios when attempting to predict organisational success or failure and the IMM approach enables a more thorough examination of the predictive ability of financial ratios for US and Australian organisations. This intuitively indicates that when combined with financial ratios, non-financial factors may be a useful predictor of corporate success or failure across countries and sectors. Originality/value Sound internal processes and the identification of both financial ratios and non-financial factors can be utilised to improve the reliability of financial failure models, enable corrective and preventative steps to be implemented by management and potentially reduce the costs of failure for US and Australian organisations.
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Purves, Nigel, Scott Niblock, and Keith Sloan. "Are organizations destined to fail?" Management Research Review 39, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-07-2014-0153.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the non-financial causes of organizational success or failure, provide a better understanding of the symptoms of financial distress and improve the predictive capacity of financial failure models. Design/methodology/approach – The paper utilizes exploratory case studies in investigating the relationship of non-financial factors to organizational success or failure across a sample of sector-specific Australian firms listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. A two-tailed study was designed, in which seven cases from both extremes were chosen from three Australian business sectors: finance, property and manufacturing. Findings – Non-financial factors associated with the organizations studied impacted their success or failure. These factors included management skill, experience and involvement in organizational strategy, feedback and resultant activity, together with board of director composition. The identification of financial and non-financial factors and sound internal processes could be utilized for the development of an early warning predictor of organizational success or failure. Research limitations/implications – The use of this method is very time-consuming but is highly valuable in case study research, providing a more in-depth understanding of how non-financial factors impact organizational success or failure. Practical implications – The research will provide a better understanding of the symptoms of financial distress and improve the predictive capacity of financial failure models. The improvement in prediction of organizational failure will reduce the costs of failure to all areas affected, from the large corporation to the small business. The inter-connectivity of all businesses to each other often results in a knock-on effect of failure with the cost being borne by all members of the community in some manner. The level of social impact and cost of failure can only be seen by the enormous costs of the Global Financial Crisis failures. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature on effective qualitative research and explores important areas of consideration for those conducting qualitative multiple-case studies. It is intended to be of use to researchers investigating the area of predictors of organizational failure or success.
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Arashpour, Mehrdad, Ron Wakefield, Nick Blismas, and E. W. M. Lee. "Framework for improving workflow stability: deployment of optimized capacity buffers in a synchronized construction production." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, no. 12 (December 2014): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0199.
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Construction sites are dynamic environments due to the influence of variables such as changes in design and processes, unsteady demand, and unavailability of trades. These variables adversely affect productivity and can cause an unstable workflow in the network of trade contractors. Previous research on workflow stability in the construction and manufacturing domains has shown the effectiveness of ‘pull’ production or ‘rate driven’ construction. Pull systems authorize the start of construction when a job is completed and leaves the trade contractor network. However, the problem with pull systems is that completion dates are not explicitly considered and therefore additional mechanisms are required to ensure the due date integrity. On this basis, the aim of this investigation is to improve the coordination between output and demand using optimal-sized capacity buffers. Towards this aim, production data of two Australian construction companies were collected and analyzed. Capacity and cost optimizations were conducted to find the optimum buffer that strikes the balance between late completion costs and lost revenue opportunity. Following this, simulation experiments were designed and run to analyze different ‘what-if’ production scenarios. The findings show that capacity buffers enable builders to ensure a desired service level. Size of the capacity buffer is more sensitive to the level of variability in contractor processes than other production variables. This work contributes to the body-of-knowledge by improving production control in construction and deployment of capacity buffers to achieve a stable workflow. In addition, construction companies can use the easy-to-use framework tested in this study to compute the optimal size for capacity buffers that maximizes profit and prevents late completions.
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Varshavsky, A. E., and V. V. Dubinina. "Global Trends and Directions of Development of Industrial Robots." MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research) 11, no. 3 (October 27, 2020): 294–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2020.11.3.294-319.
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Purpose: the main purpose of this article is to analyze the main trends and directions of development of industrial robots, as well as the problems associated with their distribution. To achieve these goals, the following tasks were solved: analysis of the dynamics of the stock of industrial robots, the structure of the stock of robots by region (Europe, America, Asia / Australia), as well as the annual volumes and structure of world sales of robots by key industries; analysis of the main tasks of industrial robots, performed by them in these industries, and the directions of their use; analyze the dynamics of the robot fleet by industry in different countries (Japan, USA, South Korea, China, Germany, etc.); analysis of indicators and problems of using industrial robots in Russia.Methods: the research methodology consists in a comparative analysis of the use of industrial robots in different industries (automotive, food, chemical, electronic, etc.) based on statistical data by country. A systematic approach, tabular and graphical interpretation of information was applied, analysis of the dynamics of the levels of the time series, the calculation of growth indices of indicators.Results: the analysis showed that the use of industrial robots reduces injuries at the workplace, production costs and improves the quality of the final product, productivity, flexibility and safety, which contributes to a significant increase in their use in both developed and developing countries.Conclusions and Relevance: recently, robotization has become available even in non-industrial countries. The introduction of robotization into production processes increases the competitiveness of the economy. The acceleration of digitalization and automation, as well as the ease of use of industrial robots, are driving their proliferation. In Russia, the wider use of industrial robots, the development of the industrial Internet of things and the implementation of digitalization are possible only on the basis of the restoration and further development of mechanical engineering, electronic and other manufacturing industries.
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Denkena, Berend, Jan Thomas Schürmeyer, Rabih Kaddour, and Volker Böß. "Assessing mould costs analysing manufacturing processes of cavities." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 56, no. 9-12 (April 2, 2011): 943–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3265-y.
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Hasan, Maruf, and Asare Boateng. "A Review of Manufacturing in Australia." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 7, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v7i3.11522.
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Manufacturing as a share of Australia’s gross domestic product has constantly declined since 1960. In 2016 manufacturing activity accounted for less than 10% of gross domestic product and employed less Australians than ever before. The paper intends to review the history of manufacturing in Australia and evaluate the condition of the sector in 2016. After this evaluation; recommendations are made on how both governments and businesses can reform to rejuvenate growth. An extensive analysis of the literature in conjunction with interviews with different Australian manufacturing businesses was used to execute the analysis. The literature emphasised tariff removal, a high Australian dollar and an increasingly globalised world as the primary causes of manufacturing’s decline. Businesses highlighted the geographical isolation of the nation, the low population, high labour costs and the high Australian dollar as some of the barriers to growth of the sector. Focusing on new advanced manufacturing technologies, reducing corporate tax and improving public infrastructure are some of the recommendations made to help the sector reverse the negative trend. The evaluation of the sector with these recommendations is significant to both governments and businesses as it provides avenues for growth and investment relevant to the post mining boom economy.
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ERCEG, Aleksandar. "Lean manufacturing application in the frozen goods industry." Journal of Ekonomi 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.58251/ekonomi.1182631.
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The long-standing producer's market, in which the selling price was the sum of costs and desired profit, has been transformed by globalization into a buyer's market, where profit is the difference between the realized selling price and the production costs. Therefore, every company must approach the reduction of operating costs and the optimal use of the resources at its disposal. Lean thinking can help companies in reducing business costs and increasing productivity. Lean companies can improve their processes and increase their competitiveness in the market. The paper aims to present lean thinking implementation in manufacturing companies to improve procedures and increase competitiveness. Based on proposed improvements to business processes, Frozen Ltd. saved time and costs, making it more competitive in the market and confirming the hypothesis that the lean methodology can help a company perform its business processes better. The company needs to continue with its efforts to use lean since this is not a single event but a journey.
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Alves de Sousa, Ricardo J., and Mehdi Safari. "Numerical and Experimental Advances in Innovative Manufacturing Processes." Metals 11, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081273.
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The severe competition in an international market pushes manufacturing companies to continuously improve current processes in the quest to minimize errors, reduce waste and speed up the entire idea-to-product cycle, while maintaining low costs [...]
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Sansom, Lloyd. "The subsidy of pharmaceuticals in Australia: processes and challenges." Australian Health Review 28, no. 2 (2004): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040194.
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The increasing costs of health care, including new technologies and pharmaceuticals, pose challenges for all countries both in the developed and the developing world. It is essential that the increased expenditure on pharmaceuticals represents value for money and is seen as an investment in health care rather than simply the purchase of the latest released agent. The system in Australia uses a cost-effectiveness approach to guide the decisions as to whether a new drug can be recommended for subsidy. The need for a greater understanding and transparency of the processes is essential in order for a well-informed public debate to occur about the challenges to the system and its sustainability. The relevant issues are discussed in this article to assist that debate.
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LEVINSON, WILLIAM A. "REDUCING APPRAISAL COSTS IN MULTISTEP PROCESSES." Quality Engineering 6, no. 3 (January 1994): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982119408918732.
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Kukla, S. "Costs Analysis of Iron Casts Manufacturing." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0034-9.
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Costs Analysis of Iron Casts Manufacturing The article presents the issues of costs analysis of iron casts manufacturing using automated foundry lines. Particular attention was paid to departmental costs, conversion costs and costs of in-plant transport. After the Pareto analysis had been carried out, it was possible to set the model area of the process and focus on improving activities related to finishing of a chosen group of casts. In order to eliminate losses, the activities realised in this domain were divided into activities with added value, activities with partially added value and activities without added value. To streamline the production flow, it was proposed to change the location of workstations related to grinding, control and machining of casts. Within the process of constant improvement of manufacturing processes, the aspect of work ergonomics at a workstation was taken into account. As a result of the undertaken actions, some activities without added value were eliminated, efficiency was increased and prime costs of manufacturing casts with regard to finishing treatment were lowered.
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Lukic, Ljubomir, Mirko Djapic, Cristiano Fragassa, and Ana Pavlovic. "Optimization Model for Machining Processes Design in Flexible Manufacturing Systems." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 17, no. 02 (May 11, 2018): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686718500099.
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Engineering machining processes realized in flexible machining systems is a highly complex task, especially since it encompasses complex optimization procedures apart from engineering. For a broad array of different workpieces produced in different series it is very difficult to engineer a manufacturing process for attaining maximum processing productivity with minimal production costs. This paper presents a developed postprocessor model enabling automatic generating of the numerical control code for all programs executed simultaneously in the production process on a greater number of machining centers. The model engrosses the different variants of tools in a machining center magazine, a different combination of elements of the machining mode, possibility of the most favorable layout of workpieces on pallets, compliance with the technological requirements in terms of simultaneous tool changes in machining center magazines, the required total processing time and minimal production costs. To that aim has been developed the postprocessor generator, as a program and software system, enabling all programs to be automatically updated based on the set up optimization strategy from tool changes, changes in cutting mode elements and technological operations. Such updated programs contain optimal technological parameters and provide minimal costs of production while at the same time the maximum utilization of tools during manufacture at an exactly specified time.
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Ghosh, Mrinal K. "Markov decision processes with multiple costs." Operations Research Letters 9, no. 4 (July 1990): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6377(90)90070-l.
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Taisheva, G., E. Ismagilova, and E. Salikova. "OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES." ASJ 2, no. 48 (May 14, 2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/asj.2707-9864.2021.2.48.95.
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This article discusses the optimization process in a manufacturing enterprise, based on the use of types of transfer of labor items in the production process. This analysis allows you to reduce the production cycle of the product and, accordingly, reduce the costs associated with the production of the product.
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Afonso, Paulo, Vishad Vyas, Ana Antunes, Sérgio Silva, and Boris P. J. Bret. "A Stochastic Approach for Product Costing in Manufacturing Processes." Mathematics 9, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 2238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9182238.
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Nowadays, manufacturing companies are characterized by complex systems with multiple products being manufactured in multiple assembly lines. In such situations, traditional costing systems based on deterministic cost models cannot be used. This paper focuses on developing a stochastic approach to costing systems that considers the variability in the process cycle time of the different workstations in the assembly line. This approach provides a range of values for the product costs, allowing for a better perception of the risk associated to these costs instead of providing a single value of the cost. The confidence interval for the mean and the use of quartiles one and three as lower and upper estimates are proposed to include variability and risk in costing systems. The analysis of outliers and some statistical tests are included in the proposed approach, which was applied in a tier 1 company in the automotive industry. The probability distribution of the possible range of values for the bottleneck’s cycle time showcase all the possible values of product cost considering the process variability and uncertainty. A stochastic cost model allows a better analysis of the margins and optimization opportunities as well as investment appraisal and quotation activities.
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Morrison, Philip S. "Migrants, manufacturing and metropolitan labour markets in Australia." Australian Geographer 21, no. 2 (November 1990): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049189008703011.
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V Varagapriya, Vikas Vikram Singh, and Abdel Lisser. "Constrained Markov decision processes with uncertain costs." Operations Research Letters 50, no. 2 (March 2022): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2022.02.001.
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Jambor, Jaroslav. "Lean Manufacturing in Operations Management in Improving the Efficiency of Manufacturing Processes." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 3117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.3117.
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In this paper, we discussed the application of Lean Production for the application efficiency of the use of workstations on an assembly line in a car plant. The main objective is to increase the efficiency of labor, which is one of the key indicators of the competitiveness of the company and is directly related to its cost of production and cost of the final product. In this context, we compared the efficiency analysis of individual workstations on the assembly line and then select those whose efficiency was the lowest. It was carried out detailed analysis of all operations and operations that are performed on these selected stations. On this basis, we identified unproductive time delays causing low efficiency. They represent an opportunity to improve the production process in the form of adjustments to labor standards and workplace. The result of this work was to increase efficiency while repealing specific job position, which has resulted in savings in production costs.
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Karania, Ruchi, and David Kazmer. "Low Volume Plastics Manufacturing Strategies." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 12 (January 31, 2007): 1225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2790978.
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Plastic components are vital components of many engineered products, frequently representing 20–40% of the product value. While injection molding is the most common process for economically producing complex designs in large quantities, a large initial monetary investment and extended development time are required to develop appropriate tooling. For applications with lower or unknown production quantities, designers may prefer another process that has a lower development cost and lead time albeit with higher marginal costs and production times. A methodology is presented that assists the designer to select the most appropriate manufacturing process that trades off the total production costs with production lead times. The approach is to develop aggregate component cost and lead-time models as a function of production quantity from extensive industry data for an electrical enclosure consisting of two components. Binding quotes were secured from multiple suppliers for a variety of manufacturing processes including computer numerical control machining, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, vacuum casting, direct fabrication, and injection molding with soft prototype and production tooling. The methodology yields a Pareto optimal set that compares the production costs and lead times as a function of the production quantity. The results indicate that the average cost per enclosure assembly is highly sensitive to the production quantity, with average costs varying by more than a factor of 100 for production quantities varying between 100 and 10,000 assemblies. Each of the processes is competitive with respect to total production cost and total production lead time under differing conditions; a flow chart is provided as an example of a decision support tool that can be provided to assist process selection during the product development process and thereby reduce the product development time and cost.
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Starukhin, Vitalii Anatolyevich. "Digitalization as a method of reducing transaction costs of a manufacturing enterprise." KANT 41, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-41.18.
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The purpose of the study is to present the author's method of digitalization of transactions of solved business tasks to reduce transaction costs of a manufacturing enterprise. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the elements of digitalization are proposed in the work to reduce the transaction costs of searching for information, negotiating, measuring, and concluding a contract. The introduction of digital technologies into specific business tasks contributes to the optimization of transaction costs in the modern institutional environment. As a result, the information relationship of the structural divisions of the production company was established during the performance of their functions at all stages of the production cycle from procurement to sales, the functional filling subsystems of the organizational structure were determined. Transaction costs, in accordance with their classification, are structured according to these subsystems, they represent the elements of digitalization recommended for use in the business processes of a manufacturing company to reduce its transaction costs. The introduction of digitalization processes of business tasks into the management structure helps to increase the level of validity and speed of decisions in the subsystems of the organizational structure of the company.
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Bazen, Elizabeth. "Effect of the Building Act 2011 on compliance costs in Western Australia." Construction Economics and Building 14, no. 2 (June 18, 2014): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v14i2.3839.
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The Building Act 2011 commenced in Western Australia on 2 April 2012. It introduced private certification for design and construction compliance, and reduced fees and timeframes for local governments to issue permits. This research project assessed the effect of the Act on the time and cost of building approvals in WA, using an internet-based, self-completion survey to obtain feedback from people on their experience of the new building approvals process. This research compared the cost of approval for 16 building projects under the new and old approvals processes. The research concluded that the new approvals process appears to be cost-neutral for the building industry as a whole. However, the cost of approval for the 11 building projects studied valued up to $1 million, particularly alterations to existing buildings, is an average of 4.0 times greater under the new approvals process.
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Škerlič, Sebastjan, and Edgar Sokolovskij. "A MODEL FOR MANAGING LOGISTICS COSTS THROUGHOUT A PRODUCT’S LIFE CYCLE: A CASE STUDY OF A MULTINATIONAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY." Transport 34, no. 5 (August 28, 2019): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11080.
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The goal of the study is to develop a model that focuses on managing logistics costs at all stages of a product’s life cycle. The model includes several different cost components and provides a wider coverage of individual processes, as logistics costs are present in different areas of a company’s operations. The applicability of the proposed method was tested in a multinational company that manufactures furniture fittings on a randomly selected product. The test results provide a theoretical and practical confirmation of the necessity to manage the logistics costs for an individual product, since other models are focused exclusively on the cost optimisation of individual logistics processes. The model therefore complements the existing knowledge and represents a practical tool for logistics professionals that enables more efficient logistics costs planning at an early stage in the development of a product, which can result in the long-term reduction in the total costs of logistics and improve the quality of business processes.
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Mako, Peter. "Dependence of Military Bridge Length and Parameters Defining its Manufacturing Costs." Science & Military 17, no. 1 (2022): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.5-13.
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Knowledge of dependence between the length of the bridge and parameters which are defining the costs for its production can be extraordinary valuable for making decisions during planning, procurement or any other inhouse processes of manufacturers of this equipment. This article is expressing graphical and functional dependence between the bridge length and the basic parameters which are defining manufacturing costs of the bridges. Presented functions allow to predict parameters defining manufacturing costs for bridges which are out of the scope of this article also.
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Allinson, W. G., D. N. Nguyen, and J. Bradshaw. "THE ECONOMICS OF GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CO2 IN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02035.
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The economics of the storage of CO2 in underground reservoirs in Australia have been analysed as part of the Australian Petroleum Cooperative Research Centre’s GEODISC program. The economic analyses in the paper are based on cost estimates generated by a CO2 storage technical/economic model developed at the beginning of the GEODISC project. The estimates rely on data concerning the characteristics of geological reservoirs in Australia. The uncertainties involved in estimating the costs of such projects are discussed and the economics of storing CO2 for a range of CO2 sources and potential storage sites across Australia are presented.The key elements of the CO2 storage process and the methods involved in estimating the costs of CO2 storage are described and the CO2 storage costs for a hypothetical, but representative storage project in Australia are derived. The effects of uncertainties inherent in estimating the costs of storing CO2 are shown.The analyses show that the costs are particularly sensitive to parameters such as the CO2 flow rate, the distance between the source and the storage site, the physical properties of the reservoir and the market prices of equipment and services. Therefore, variations in any one of these inputs can lead to significant variation in the costs of CO2 storage. Allowing for reasonable variations in all the inputs together in a Monte Carlo simulation of any particular site, then a large range of total CO2 storage costs is possible. The effect of uncertainty for the hypothetical representative storage site is illustrated.The impact of storing other gases together with CO2 is analysed. These gases include methane, hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen, nitrous oxides and oxides of sulphur, all of which potentially could be captured together with CO2. The effect on storage costs when varying quantities of other gases are injected with the CO2 is shown.Based on the CO2 storage cost estimates and the published costs capturing CO2 from industrial processes, the economics are shown of combined capture and storage (that is, the sequestration process as a whole) for the major CO2 generation sites across Australia combined with potential compatible storage sites. Examples are shown of the volumes of CO2 that could be sequestered economically depending on the level of the carbon credit in a hypothetical carbon credit trading regime. Purely as an illustration, assuming hypothetically that a real carbon credit of US$50 per tonne applied and that the cost of capture was US$40 per tonne across the board, then preliminary indications are that, ignoring tax considerations, it would be economic to store about 180 million tonnes per year of CO2. This is equivalent to about 70% of the annual CO2 emissions from stationary sources in Australia in 2000.
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Sanderson, John. "Waste to energy." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14032.
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Rising energy costs, increasing landfill prices and the environmental imperative to reduce atmospheric emissions of fossil CO2 are all compelling medium and large energy users throughout Australia to consider decentralised onsite power generation options. In addition to the rollout of household and community-scale photovoltaic (PV) and wind, waste-to-energy technologies such as landfill gas and biogas-based power plant are now well established in Australia. However, various other waste-to-energy technologies, operating elsewhere, have yet to take off. This presentation provided an overview of waste to- energy processes, including examples of currently operating commercial processes as well as recent research to highlight the interesting mix of processes and economics that make up the waste-to-energy landscape.
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Bányainé Tóth, Ágota, Béla Illés, and Fabian Schenk. "Supply Chain Design of Manufacturing Processes with Blending Technologies." Solid State Phenomena 261 (August 2017): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.261.509.
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Blending technologies play an important role in manufacturing. The design and operation of manufacturing processes using blending technologies represent a special range of manufacturing related logistics because the integrated approach of technological and logistic parameters is very significant. This research proposes an integrated model of supply of manufacturing processes using blending technologies. After a careful literature review, this paper introduces a mathematical model to formulate the problem of supply chain design for blending technologies. The integrated model includes the optimal purchasing strategy depending on the characteristics of components to be mixed in the desired proportion and the costs of supply. The integrated model will be described as a linear programming problem. Numerical results with different datasets demonstrate how the proposed model takes technological and logistic aspects into consideration.
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Chen, Jen-Hsiang, and Shin-Li Lu. "Economic-Statistical Performance of Auxiliary Information-Based Maximum EWMA Charts for Monitoring Manufacturing Processes." Mathematics 10, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 2320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10132320.
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An auxiliary information-based maximum exponentially weighted moving average chart, namely, the AIB-MaxEWMA chart, is superior to the existing MaxEWMA chart in detecting small process mean and/or variability shifts. To date, AIB-MaxEWMA chart was designed based on the statistical perspective, which ignores the cost of process monitoring. The economic-statistical performance of the AIB-MaxEWMA chart for monitoring process shifts is investigated. The Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to determine the optimal decision variables, such as sample size, sampling interval, control limit constant, and smoothing constant, by minimizing the expected cost function under the statistical constraints. Numerical simulations indicate that when an auxiliary variable is highly related to the study variable, AIB-MaxEWMA charts not only have better statistical performance, but also have lower expected costs than MaxEWMA charts. Sensitivity analyses also show that a larger expected time to sample an auxiliary variable results in larger optimal expected costs and lower optimal sample size and sampling interval. The relationship between optimal decision variables and minimal costs is valuable for reference by researchers or process engineers.
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Cough, Patrick. "TRANSPORTATION COSTS AND THE ‘INTERMEDIATE LOCATION' FOR A MANUFACTURING PLANT." Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 30, no. 1 (March 1986): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1986.tb01023.x.
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Broede, J. "Saving costs in design, manufacturing and operation of aero engine parts." Aeronautical Journal 105, no. 1053 (November 2001): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000012616.
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Abstract Basic requirements for aero engine parts are to carry loads at high temperatures safely over service periods of 30-40 years. This generally calls for the best and latest materials and for highly sophisticated design and manufacturing procedures. These requirements are frequently in contrast to the desire to keep costs at affordable levels. This aims at the costs at both the customer’s side as well as the manufacturer’s side. The measures to reduce cost in the design and production phase are various: • redesign to allow for less complex manufacturing processes • reassessment of quality characteristics without reduction of overall quality (only those characteristics to be maintained which are really critical) • acceptance of minor damage in new parts which would be acceptable for repaired parts according to technical standards • assessment of all steps in the production process with respect to their influence on the final product properties • more stabilised manufacturing processes which use only a portion of accepted tolerance bands to reduce the subsequent test effort • change of material. In the service phase, cost reduction can be achieved by optimum exploitation of part’s life potential. The means are improvement of the lifing concepts where portions of the crack propagation life may be utilised in addition to the traditionally cleared crack initiation life. Accurate records of life consumption can be obtained with modern systems for life usage monitoring.
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White, Kevin, and Fran Collyer. "To market, to market: Corporatisation, privatisation and hospital costs." Australian Health Review 20, no. 2 (1997): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah970013.
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The Australian political arena echoes with calls for the privatisation of health careinstitutions, the contracting-out of health care services and the introduction of variousmarketing strategies into hospital management. These calls are justified by assertingthat the market, rather than the public sector, can provide better services, greaterproductivity and increased efficiency. The National Health Strategy (1991, p 17)provides a good example. Noting that Australia is copying American investment trendsfor hospital ?chains? rather than for independent small establishments, the strategydismisses any concern over changes in ownership, pointing instead to a ?process ofrationalisation? that is to be ?welcomed?. Using evidence from the United States,United Kingdom and Australian hospital sectors, this paper examines claims for thegreater efficiency of market processes.
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Bajus, Radoslav, and Lenka Hudáková Stašová. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ABC MODEL IN A COMPANY DEALING WITH EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS." Business, Management and Education 12, no. 2 (December 23, 2014): 228–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2014.234.
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ABC method is a new system for accurate product pricing, cost analysis of the causes of individual products and their optimization. The prices of products are accurately taken into account according to all relevant overhead costs in their actual context and relationships. Except of product costs, ABC method follows costs regarding customers, suppliers, distribution, transport, manufacturing, operational and security processes, management processes and other business activities. ABC method sees the company as a complex of interrelated activities and processes. ABC method represents more precise cost calculation for the product. The aim of the present article is to highlight the introduction of the ABC method to the enterprise and compare it with the traditional method. The result is to reduce costs by introducing ABC method to the enterprise.
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Hong, Myoung-Pyo. "Hot Stamping Parts Shear Mold Manufacturing via Metal Additive Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 23, 2022): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031158.
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Hot stamping uses boron (B) steel to simultaneously form parts at high temperatures while cooling the parts in a mold, which is advantageous because of the ability to freeze the forms. However, compared to conventional cold forming, this technique requires additional facilities that include heating devices and additional time for cooling after forming at high temperatures. Additionally, because of the high strengths of hot stamping parts, shear process operations after molding tend to be difficult to perform as a continuous operation via press processing; thus, most operations depend on separate laser processing, which results in lower productivity and increased manufacturing costs. This limitation continues to be the most significant problem with this technology, therefore, restricting its commercialization because of increased mold manufacturing costs and durability problems. This study investigated a low-cost, high-functionality shear mold manufacturing method for 1.5 GPa grade hot-stamped components using heterogeneous metal additive manufacturing. After the concentrated stress in steel during the shearing processes was analyzed using a multi-physical analysis, metal additive manufacturing was used to fabricate the shear mold. Its life was evaluated through trial molding and compared with that for conventional technology. Finally, the commercialization potential of the newly developed method was assessed.
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Liu, Yan Hong, and Shu Lin Gong. "Production Management for Manufacturing Based on Activity-Based Costing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 120 (October 2011): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.120.432.
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In order to solve the current problems of cost management in manufacturing industry by using traditional management accounting systems, two-stage approach analytical method of activity-based costing is presented. The proposed method allocates indirect costs to products based on cost drivers of various levels. There are many advantages of the proposed method, it can make the production processes more transparent, help to identify production efficiencies, encourages managers to introduce corrective actions, allow the evaluation of corrective actions to be undertaken, reduce costs, and enhance competitiveness of enterprises. A case is analyzed, it is seem that the peoposed method is of efficiency and feasibility.
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Calì, Michele. "Smart Manufacturing Technology." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 8202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178202.
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This Special Issue of Applied Sciences provides a collection of original papers on smart manufacturing technology with the aim of: examining emerging aspects of digitalization in the industrial and biomedical fields, as well as in business management and sustainability; proposing and developing a new approach useful for companies, factories, and organizations to achieve greater innovation and productivity—as well as sustainability—by applying smart manufacturing technologies; and exploring new ideas and encouraging research directions so as to obtain autonomous and semiautonomous processes, high-quality products, and services with a greater integration and interconnection of resources while reducing costs. The advantages of new methods and experimental results obtained in the collected contributions are discussed promoting further design, implementation, and application in the various fields.
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Et. al., Rohit Pandey,. "POTENTIAL INVESTIGATION AND ANALYTICAL MODELING OF ADDITIVE LAYER MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FOR METAL TOOLS COMPONENTS PRODUCTION." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.360.
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Current research into the development of additive layer costs shows that this technology is economical in producing small batches with ongoing centralized manufacture; however improved automation may contribute to cost efficiency in distributed manufacturing. Due to the difficulty of which additive production costs are calculated, the reach of the current studies is small. Many of today's studies analyze single-part development. Many that look at assemblies prefer not to look at the impact of the supply chain, such as inventory and shipping prices and lower probability of interruption. Analysis currently also shows that the expense of content is a significant part of the cost of a commodity made using additive layer. Technologies may, therefore, also be compatible, with two technologies being implemented side by side and advantages larger than if independently adopted. Growing usage of additive processing may contribute to a decrease in raw material costs through saving in scale. This could result in further implementation of additive layer processing through the decreased cost of the raw material. The expense of raw materials will often save on a scale if specific materials are more popular than a host of other materials. The production method for additive layers is still a significant cost driver, but this cost has decreased continuously. The average price dropped 51% between 2001 and 2011 after inflation changes
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Bogomolov, A. E., A. S. Kreymer, and L. E. Popok. "Virtual Machines Migration Technologies as a Strategy for Regional Manufacturing Companies." SHS Web of Conferences 71 (2019): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197104002.
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Modern approaches to the automation of business processes are increasingly confronted with questions of increase of efficiency of use of available computing resources. The transition to cloud computing technology makes the company to revise approaches to the assessment of their own capabilities and look for ways to reduce operating costs, it does not complicate the process of information infrastructure management. In the competitive environment of the organization following the path optimization of capital and operating costs through the introduction of new technologies, as well as through the transition and migration to a more cost-effective technologies.
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Chen, Yi Ping, and Ming Der Yang. "Micro-Manufacturing Using Online 3D Printing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 872 (October 2017): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.872.94.
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As an additive manufacturing process, 3D printing provides conceptualizers and designers an opportunity to quickly produce physical components and concept models at reasonable costs. Such manufacturing is distinct from mass production involving traditional subtractive machining processes. This paper briefly describes microscale manufacturing involving a series of 3D-printing-related processes, including 3D modeling, 3D model slicing, printing, and production. Furthermore, specifications of 3D printers, a major component of the 3D printing process, impedes the entry of new micro-manufacturing businesses, such as the maximum printing volume, printing material, positioning accuracy, layer thickness, and price, were analyzed. In addition, online 3D printing service could be an alternative to overcome the difficulty of new entry to micro-manufacturing by a step-by-step instruction through internet. Commercially available online 3D printing services were surveyed and compared in material and cost in this paper.
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Ge, Xin Janet. "Did the Introduction of Carbon Tax in Australia Affect Housing Affordability?" Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (December 2013): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.840.
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The Australian carbon pricing scheme (carbon tax) was introduced and became effective on 01 July 2012. The introduction of the carbon tax immediately increases the cost of electricity to a number of industries such as manufacturing and construction. Households were also affected as a result of these costs been passed through the supply chain of the affected industries. The carbon tax policy was introduced to addresses greenhouse emissions and energy consumption in Australia. However, the carbon tax policy may have introduced a number of economic risk factors to the Australian housing market, in particular the impact of housing affordability.
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Kulińska, Ewa. "The Risk Assessment in the Logistic Processes Structures." Foundations of Management 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fman-2013-0003.
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Abstract This paper presents the nature of logistic processes functioning in manufacturing companies with special risk factors situations. The author's parameterization model of the value added was generated as a result of the logistic processes. Author refers to differences between all-in and real costs caused by appearance of risk factors in logistic processes. Author also identifies the change of the value added measured with the net profit and its results.
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Müller, Marcel, and Elmar Wings. "An Architecture for Hybrid Manufacturing Combining 3D Printing and CNC Machining." International Journal of Manufacturing Engineering 2016 (October 9, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8609108.
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Additive manufacturing is one of the key technologies of the 21st century. Additive manufacturing processes are often combined with subtractive manufacturing processes to create hybrid manufacturing because it is useful for manufacturing complex parts, for example, 3D printed sensor systems. Currently, several CNC machines are required for hybrid manufacturing: one machine is required for additive manufacturing and one is required for subtractive manufacturing. Disadvantages of conventional hybrid manufacturing methods are presented. Hybrid manufacturing with one CNC machine offers many advantages. It enables manufacturing of parts with higher accuracy, less production time, and lower costs. Using the example of fused layer modeling (FLM), we present a general approach for the integration of additive manufacturing processes into a numerical control for machine tools. The resulting CNC architecture is presented and its functionality is demonstrated. Its application is beyond the scope of this paper.
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Böß, Volker, Berend Denkena, Marc-André Dittrich, Talash Malek, and Sven Friebe. "Dexel-Based Simulation of Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5010009.
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Additive manufacturing is typically a flexible alternative to conventional manufacturing processes. However, manufacturing costs increase due to the effort required to experimentally determine optimum process parameters for customized products or small batches. Therefore, simulation models are needed in order to reduce the amount of effort necessary for experimental testing. For this purpose, a novel technological simulation method for directed energy deposition additive manufacturing is presented here. The Dexel-based simulation allows modeling of additive manufacturing of varying geometric shapes by considering multi-axis machine tool kinematics and local process conditions. The simulation approach can be combined with the simulation of subtractive processes, which enables integrated digital process chains.
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Böß, Volker, Berend Denkena, Marc-André Dittrich, Talash Malek, and Sven Friebe. "Dexel-Based Simulation of Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5010009.
Full textAbstract:
Additive manufacturing is typically a flexible alternative to conventional manufacturing processes. However, manufacturing costs increase due to the effort required to experimentally determine optimum process parameters for customized products or small batches. Therefore, simulation models are needed in order to reduce the amount of effort necessary for experimental testing. For this purpose, a novel technological simulation method for directed energy deposition additive manufacturing is presented here. The Dexel-based simulation allows modeling of additive manufacturing of varying geometric shapes by considering multi-axis machine tool kinematics and local process conditions. The simulation approach can be combined with the simulation of subtractive processes, which enables integrated digital process chains.
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Fitria, Fitria, Neneng Rachmalia Feta, and Deki Satria. "PROCUREMENT BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES USING BUSINESS PROCESS ANALYSIS METHODS." Jurnal Pilar Nusa Mandiri 18, no. 2 (September 13, 2022): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33480/pilar.v18i2.3481.
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The high Increas business competition makes many organizations in any field to be able to run their business more quickly and effectively to achieve business goals. Business processes are a series of activities carried out by organizations to achieve organizational goals, in manufacturing companies the procurement business process is one of the main business processes of the organization. Therefore, in this study, an analysis of the procurement business process was carried out and then designed a more optimal targeting business process engineering for the organization. Business process engineering is carried out by analyzing business processes using the valued added analysis, flow analysis and simulation methods. The results of business process engineering show that targeting business processes that are prepared are better in terms of time and costs compared to existing business processes.
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Wong, Audrye. "PEDDLING OR PERSUADING: CHINA'S ECONOMIC STATECRAFT IN AUSTRALIA." Journal of East Asian Studies 21, no. 2 (July 2021): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2021.19.
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AbstractWith the globalization of Chinese capital, economic statecraft has become an increasingly prominent component of China's foreign policy. In this article, I examine China's use of economic inducements in developed democracies, a topic of growing concern for policymakers, focusing on the case of Australia. I show how Beijing's attempts to coopt public voices and influence Australia's foreign policy using non-transparent political donations and academic funding generated a strong backlash. At the same time, economic interdependence has provided a buffering effect, with key domestic actors in Australia advocating for cooperative relations, although this effect can in turn be limited by Beijing's coercive economic tactics. My findings underline the reputational costs of certain approaches to economic statecraft, the value of building supportive coalitions, and the challenges faced by China's authoritarian state capitalist model. They also highlight the impacts of globalized Chinese capital in developed democracies, including the resilience and vulnerabilities inherent in democratic political processes.
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Potente, Till, Thomas Jasinski, and Bartholomaeus Wolff. "Productivity Increase through Industrialization of Overhead in Cyber-Physical Production Systems." Advanced Materials Research 769 (September 2013): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.769.359.
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The importance of knowledge workers and management staff in manufacturing companies is increasing due to a rising complexity within indirect business processes. As a result, current overhead costs account for most of the overall manufacturing costs. Despite this fact manufacturing companies disregard the productivity potentials of their indirect areas and focus predominantly on the optimisation of shop-floor processes.Cyber-physical systems constitute a technological paradigm of the current forth industrial revolution and promise a further push of labour productivity in the upcoming decades. We expand the vision of cyber-physical production systems on business processes and develop a mathematical approach to predict and analyse productivity potentials of management staff in the context of emerging cyber-physical production systems. The core element of the presented model states the collaborative productivity between people, people and smart devices and between these smart devices themselves.
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Erlygina, E., and V. Shuvalova. "Automation of Agricultural Business-Processes." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/73/26.
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The article discusses the possibilities of implementing and using a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) for agriculture. The introduction of CRM systems at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex makes the automation of processes more rational. Communications with clients become more effective, the effectiveness of marketing strategy and planning increases, costs decrease, and the profitability of the company increases. CRM is a key factor of modern organizations for a set of successful strategies for survival, growth and development, increasing productivity efficiency and sustainable competitive advantage. Relationships and knowledge are the most important strategic resource, the main element of a sustainable competitive advantage.
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Devlin, Nancy, and Paul Scuffham. "Health today versus health tomorrow: does Australia really care less about its future health than other countries do?" Australian Health Review 44, no. 3 (2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20057.
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Economic evaluation provides important evidence on value for money in health care and is routinely used in health technology assessment processes. The relevant costs and benefits of health care that are considered may arise now and/or in the future, and the relative importance placed on costs and benefits in the future is reflected in the discount rate applied to them. In this paper we note that Australia appears to apply one of the highest discount rates in the world to the assessment of future healthcare benefits. At a time when healthcare systems worldwide are calling for a rebalance of effort towards prevention, Australia’s discount rate risks pulling resource allocation in precisely the opposite direction, locking in institutional short-sightedness to funding decisions.
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Lynch, Paul, C. R. Hasbrouck, Joseph Wilck, Michael Kay, and Guha Manogharan. "Challenges and opportunities to integrate the oldest and newest manufacturing processes: metal casting and additive manufacturing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 1145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-10-2019-0277.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the current state, technological challenges, economic opportunities and future directions in the growing “indirect” hybrid manufacturing ecosystem, which integrates traditional metal casting with the production of tooling via additive manufacturing (AM) process including three-dimensional sand printing (3DSP) and printed wax patterns. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted among 100 participants from foundries and AM service providers across the USA to understand the current adoption of AM in metal casting as a function of engineering specifications, production demand, volume and cost metrics. In addition, current technological and logistical challenges that are encountered by the foundries are identified to gather insight into the future direction of this evolving supply chain. Findings One of the major findings from this study is that hard tooling costs (i.e. patterns/core boxes) are the greatest challenge in low volume production for foundries. Hence, AM and 3DSP offer the greatest cost-benefit for these low volume production runs as it does not require the need for hard tooling to produce much higher profit premium castings. It is evident that there are major opportunities for the casting supply chain to benefit from an advanced digital ecosystem that seamlessly integrates AM and 3DSP into foundry operations. The critical challenges for adoption of 3DSP in current foundry operations are categorized into as follows: capital cost of the equipment, which cannot be justified due to limited demand for 3DSP molds/cores by casting buyers, transportation of 3DSP molds and cores, access to 3DSP, limited knowledge of 3DSP, limitations in current design tools to integrate 3DSP design principles and long lead times to acquire 3DSP molds/cores. Practical implications Based on the findings of this study, indirect hybrid metal AM supply chains, i.e. 3DSP metal casting supply chains is proposed, as 3DSP replaces traditional mold-making in the sand casting process flow, no/limited additional costs and resources would be required for qualification and certification of the cast parts made from three-dimensional printed sand molds. Access to 3DSP resources can be addressed by establishing a robust 3DSP metal casting supply chain, which will also enable existing foundries to rapidly acquire new 3DSP-related knowledge. Originality/value This original survey from 100 small and medium enterprises including foundries and AM service providers suggests that establishing 3DSP hubs around original equipment manufacturers as a shared resource to produce molds and cores would be beneficial. This provides traditional foundries means to continue mass production of castings using existing hard tooling while integrating 3DSP for new complex low volume parts, replacement parts, legacy parts and prototyping.
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Kukla, S. "Quality and Safety Assurance of Iron Casts and Manufacturing Processes." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0019.
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Abstract The scope of this work focuses on the aspects of quality and safety assurance of the iron cast manufacturing processes. Special attention was given to the processes of quality control and after-machining of iron casts manufactured on automatic foundry lines. Due to low level of automation and huge work intensity at this stage of the process, a model area was established which underwent reorganization in accordance with the assumptions of the World Class Manufacturing (WCM). An analysis of work intensity was carried out and the costs were divided in order to identify operations with no value added, particularly at individual manufacturing departments. Also an analysis of ergonomics at work stations was carried out to eliminate activities that are uncomfortable and dangerous to the workers' health. Several solutions were proposed in terms of rationalization of work organization at iron cast after-machining work stations. The proposed solutions were assessed with the use of multi-criteria assessment tools and then the best variant was selected based on the assumed optimization criteria. The summary of the obtained results reflects benefits from implementation of the proposed solutions.
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Ivanov, Vitalii, Oleksandr Liaposhchenko, Yuliia Denysenko, and Ivan Pavlenko. "Ensuring economic efficiency of flexible fixtures in multiproduct manufacturing." Engineering Management in Production and Services 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/emj-2021-0004.
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Abstract The first-priority directions for modern engineering, especially for multiproduct manufacturing, include the intensification of manufacturing processes, increasing the efficiency of technological equipment, and reducing the time required to implement technological solutions. Fixture design is a complicated and time-consuming process that requires considering many parameters of the closed-loop technological system “machine tool — fixture — cutting tool — workpiece”. One machined part can have several fixture layouts corresponding to all specified parameters; however, their effectiveness differs depending on production conditions. Search for an optimal fixture for specified production conditions is an essential stage of production planning. It has been proved that the efficiency of a manufacturing process should be assessed using single economic indicator — the cost of machining, which considers the costs of time, the total costs for process realisation, and a batch of parts. The paper aims to substantiate the efficiency of manufacturing processes in machining complex parts using flexible fixtures by developing a mathematical model that considers the cost of time, the cost of implementing the manufacturing process, and the batch value of parts production. This approach estimates the efficiency of manufacturing processes for machining complex parts and choosing the flexible fixture layout that corresponds to specific production conditions. It was proved that flexible fixtures could be effectively used for machining small batches of parts with frequent readjustments to new workpieces and short-term machining. A tendency has been established that the higher number of nomenclature of parts contributes to expanding the scope of the effective use of flexible fixtures.